2024年中考英语情态动词知识点讲义及练习（含答案）

情态动词专项
定义：情态动词本身具有词义，但是不能单独作为谓语，需要与动词原形一起构成谓语，来表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。
常见的情态动词。
用法及区别。
1.程度有强到弱依次是：Must （必须【上级对下级】，一般不用）、
Have to（不得不）、can（不太客气）、could（常用）、shall（一般疑问句中，只与I/We连用）、should（应该）、may（常用）、might（过分谦卑）。
情态动词的三原则：①后+动词原形、②没有三单形式变化、③否定句+not,疑问句将其提前。
Eg: I can swim.
She can swim.
She can not/can’t swim.
Can she run
回答。
Can/could I ...... Yes, you can. No, you can’t/mustn’t.
May I ....... Yes, you can. No, you can’t/mustn’t.
Must I ....... Yes, you must. No, you needn’t/don’t have to.（不必）
Shall I ...... No, you needn’t.
Can’t:不能（轻微的指责）、mustn’t不准（表示强烈禁止或有生命危险）。
EG: May I take them out 回答：No，you can’t.
区别。
must和have to.
must Have to
含义 必须（主观） 不得不（客观）
时态 现在、将来 随时态变化而变化
肯定 Must do Have/has/had to do,will have to do
否定 Needn’t do Don’t/doesn’t/didn’t/won’t have to do
Eg: you must stay here until I come back.
-Must I finish my homework
-Not, you needn’t.
补充：Mustn’t:表禁止，不许。
Eg: You mustn’t be late.
当must表示肯定、猜测时，其反意疑问句需要用实际问句的助动词来构成。
Eg:She must have seen film before, hasn’t she
maybe和may be.
位置 成分 词性 含义
maybe 句首 做状语 副词 也许，可能
May be 句中 做谓语 情态动词 也许、可能是
Eg: Maybe she is a teacher.
She may be a teacher.
need 和dare
Need:需要、Dare:敢{两者既可作情态动词（无三单、否定后+not、后接动词原形），又可作实义动词（有三单时态变化、否定前+don’t/doesn’t/didn’t 、后接to do）}。
口诀：一肯一否三个不一定。
一肯：must(be)一定（是）
一否：can’t(be)一定不（是）
三个不一定：may/might/could(be)可能（是）
Eg: He doesn’t dare to break his promise.
补充：need:①如果是人做主语，后接to do;②如果是物做主语，一般后面接doing 或to be done
Eg:
①She needs to do it right now.
②The door needs painting（主动形式的动名词doing，具有被动的意义）=The door needs to be painted
ought:应该
句型：肯定：ought to do=should do应该做某事
否定：ought not to do= shouldn’t do 不应该做某事
一般疑问句：ought sb to do....... =should sb do...... 应该做什么吗？
注意：情态动词用后表现在时和将来时时，是用动词原形；如果后表过去时时，用完成时have done.
Eg: She must be at home now.（现在）
She must be at school tomorrow.（将来）
She must have came yesterday.（过去）
常见一些固定搭配：Must have done 一定做过了某事
Should have done 本应该做...（却没做）
Shouldn’t have done 本不应该做...（却做了）
Needn’t have done 本不必做....（却做了）
Can’t have done 不可能做了某事
Could have done本来能做成的（却没做成）
Couldn’t have done本不能做（却做了）虚拟
can的用法:表能力、推测、许可。
Eg: She can swim fast, but I can’t.
Can the news be true.
You can use my computer.
句型：Can’t but do sth.只好做某事
Can’t help doing sth=can’t help but do sth 情不自禁做某事
As...as one can=as...as possible 很可能.....
shall的用法：表示征求对方的意见（多用于第一、三人称）
Eg: Shall we go out for a walk
could:can 的过去式。在疑问句中，表示委婉请求，此时could 无过去式的含义。
Eg: He could read when he was 9.
-Could I use your pen
-Yes, you can.
may:表请求、许可，比can 正式。表推测、谈论可能性，一般用于肯定。表希望、祈求、祝愿等。
Eg: May I borrow your pen
It may rain tomorrow.
May you have a good time!
might:是can 的过去式，它也可表可能性（此时没有过去式）
Eg:He is away from school, he might be sick.
will:表意愿、打算。
Eg: I will help you if I’m free this afternoon.
补充：
情态动词的被动语态：结构(情态动词+be+done)
Eg: Mary trees should be planted on the mountain.
Paper should not be thrown here.
总结：口诀（情态动词要牢记，动词原形来跟随，不管人称单复数，现在过去乐逍遥。can表能力和许可，也许、可能May来表，必须一定must,should应该来报道。回答不需needn’t,mustn’t 为不必要。否定只要接not,疑问赶紧前来跑。）
练习
1.—ls that boy Tony？
-It be him.He has gone to Shanghai.
A may not B.should C.can’t D.mustn’t
2.-May l do the rest of the work tomorrow？
-Yeah,of course.You finish it today.
A. must B.needn't C.mustn’t D.can’t
3.They return me my money next week,or I will sue them to court.
A.will have to B.will must C.will be D.would have to
4. He like coffee.I see him drink a cup at times.
A must B.may C.can’t D.mustn’t
5.If you have something important to do.you waste any time.
A.had better B.had better not
C.had better to D.had better not to
6.—Mum may I go out to play basketball for a while
-No, you .The air outside is too dirty to do sports.
A.can’t B.may not C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
7.No one be more generous;he has a heart of gold.
A.could B.must C.dare D.need
8.lt is 11:00 p.m.now.Peter hasn’t come back yet.His mother
be very mad at him.
A.may B.can C.must D.need
9.—Hurry up.Mark! Let's cross the road as quickly as possible.
-No,you .Don’t you see the light is still red
A.couldn't B.wouldn’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t
10.We hope that as many people as possible join us for the picnic tomorrow.
A.need B.must C.should D.can
11.You be hungry already-you had lunch only two hours ago！
A.wouldn't B.can't C.mustn’t D.needn't
12.—Must l stay here with you.Mum？
-No,you .You may go home now,but you go to the net bar.
A mustn’t ;needn’t B.needn’t; mustn’t
C.must;need D.need;must
13.Since the bus is crowded,we home.
A.had better walking to B.had better walk
C.had better to walk D.had better walking
14.-Is that Mr.Zhou？
-It be him.He has gone to Beijing.A.may
A.may B.can C.can’t D.couldn't
15.—May l take my dog with me to the bus？
-No,you .
A.won't B.had better not C.can’t D.may not
16.John can’t .He is afraid of water.
A.swim B.swimming C.swam D.swims
17.-Look at the boy playing basketball on the ground. Is it George
-It be him.He told me he would play basketball after class，but he's not sure.
A.mustn’t B.must C.cant D.may
18.—Must l stay at home
-No, you .
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.may not D.can not
19.When we were young.my husband sleep in the living room every time he got angry.
A.used B.would C.will D.uses
20.At school I wear a uniform and I keep my hair short.
A.can't; have to B.have to;must
C.don’t have too ;must D.may;need
21.Look！The light in Mr.Brown's office is still on.He
be working there.
-It be him.He has gone to America.
A must;mustn’t B.can;mustn’t C.must; can't D.can;can’t
- I take the magazine out of the reading room
—I’m sorry you .
A Could;couldn’t B.May;can‘t
C.Could;may not D.Might;can't
23.—Need T finish the work by 10 0 ‘clock？
一No, you .You can finish it tomorrow.
A.mustn’t B.won’t C.don’t have to D.can’t
24.If you have something important to do, you waste any time.
A.had better B.had better not
C.had not better D.had better not to
25.Last year I drive.l used to take the bus.
A.could B.couldn't C.should D.shouldn’t
26.— I take photos here
-No, you mustn’t. Don’t you see the sign “NO PHOTOS”
A.Would B.May C.Must D.Should
27.My sister lived in Australia for many years.but she
always come home for Christmas.
A.was used to B.is used to C.would D.used
28.The new school year begin.
A.shall be B.is about to
C.shall going to be D.will going to
29. I love the weekend, because I get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
A.mustn’t B.couldn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
30.- I’ve told Mary the good news let her give up the job.
A.in order not to; can’t B. not in order to; can’t C.in order not to; needn’t D.not in order to; needn’t
参考答案
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.D 11.B 12.B 13.B 14.C 15.C 16.A 17.D 18.B 19.B 20.B 21.C 22.B 23.C 24.B 25.B 26.B 27.C 28.B 29.D 30.C