牛津译林版八年级下册Unit 8 A green world Reading 讲义（含答案）

Unit 8 A green world
Reading
知识点：
1. In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled. 在瑞士，像玻璃、塑料、纸张等物品先被分成不同的类别，然后再被循环利用。
separate作动词，意为“分开,隔开”。
be separated into被分成
separate...into把....分成
separate... from... 把...开;把...分离”。
The land is separated into different parts.
Please separate the white shirts from the black ones.
recycle作动词，意为“回收利用，循环利用”，它的名词形式是recycling。
We take all our plastic for recycling.我们将所有的塑料回收利用。
2. Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to the poor, and others are sent to factories for recycling. 一些衣服在慈善商店出售，一些给穷人，还有一些被送到工厂回收。
some..., some..., and the others... 一些...，一些...,其余的....
3. For example, we are not allowed to cut down trees. Otherwise , we will be punished.例如我们不被允许砍伐树木。否则我们将会受到惩罚。
allow作动词，意为“允许，准许”。
①allow sb. (not) to do sth. 允许某人（不）做某事
②allow doing sth. 允许做某事
③be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
cut down 意为“砍倒(树木)”，还可意为“缩减，减少”。
punish作动词，意为“处罚，惩罚”
punish sb. for ( doing )sth. 因(做)某事处罚某人
Our parents will punish us if we copy others’ homework.
4. If we drop litter in a public place , we will be fined by the police. 我们如果在公共场合丢垃圾，会被警察罚款。
fine作动词，意为“罚款”。
fine sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事对某人罚款
The man was fined for driving after drinking.
5. We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely. 我们依靠其丰富的资源生存,所以要明智地保护它，这一点对我们来说是重要的。
depend on意为“依靠;取决于;视….而定”, 相当于depend upon。
depend on sb. to do sth. 指望某人做某事
That/It depends. 依情况而定，看情况。
6.These new types of energy cost very little and will never run out. 这些新型能源不仅成本低廉，而且用之不尽。
run out 与 run out of 这两个短语都有“用完”的意思，但用法不同。
run out sth run out(无被动) 主语：时间、金钱、食物等无生命的名词
run out of run out of sth 主语：人
Water will run out some day if we don’t save it.
Peter ran out of his money yesterday.
7. Moreover, they produce little pollution. 此外，他们几乎不产生污染。
produce作动词，意为“导致，产生”。
producer是可数名词，意为“生产者，制造者”;
production是不可数名词，意为“产量，生产”。
8. Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference! 记住每个人都可以做对保护环境有影响的事!
difference作可数名词，意为“差异，不同之处”。其形容词形式为different，其副词形式为differently。
tell the difference between…指出…的差别
I can never tell the difference between the twins.
make a difference to 对…产生影响
What you read can make a difference to the way you think.
make no difference to 对…没有影响
The rain yesterday made no difference to our trip.
9. treat something used so that it can be used again处理用过的东西以便它能够再被使用
used作形容词，意为“用过的;二手的”。
I want to buy a used car at a cheap price.
同步练习
一、词汇运用
1. The north and south of the city is_______(分开) by a river.
2. These bowls are made of_______(塑料).
3. The student was_______(惩罚) for being late for class.
4. Waste can be made into something new by_______(回收利用).
5. Your time is_______(not very great in amount), so don’t waste it.
6. My brother_______(let sb do sth) me to go hiking with him yesterday.
7. We believe everyone can do something to make a_______to our environment.
答案：1. separated 2. plastic 3. punished 4. recycling 5. limited 6. allowed 7. difference
二、单项选择
( ) 1. Some middle school students spend lots of money on something unnecessary, so I think they should be taught to spend money_______.
A. quickly B. closely C. wisely D. suddenly
( ) 2. The cakes in the restaurant_______, so they_______well.
A. are tasted good, are sold B. are tasted well, sell
C. taste nice, sell D. taste good, are sold
( ) 3. -Time is_______, but it is not too late to take action right now.
-Yes, let’s get started.
A. coming out B. giving out C. putting out D. running out
( ) 4. Some people have planned to have a holiday in Beijing, and_______have decided to stay at home.
A. other B. others C. some D. the other
( ) 5. People_______running everywhere. Do you know what_______
A. are seeing, had happened B. see, has happened
C. are seen, has happened D. see, happens
( ) 6. Try not to_______your parents too often, for they can’t do everything for you in your lifetime.
A. turn on B. carry on C. live on D. depend on
( ) 7. -_______does the organization collect so many old clothes
-For recycling, I think.
A. How B. Why C. What D. Where
( ) 8. -Nobody is allowed_______in the library.
-Sorry, I won’t.
A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. to talking
( ) 9. -Where do you plan to send these plastic bottles
-They_______to the factories for recycling.
A. will send B. will be sending C. will be sent D. are sending
( ) 10. -We must act now because time is_______.
-Yes. Let’s start.
A. coming out B. giving out C. cutting out D. running out
答案：1-5 CCDBC 6-10 DBBCD
三、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Are we let_______(hand) in our homework tomorrow, Mr Li
2. It’s a fact that the disabled_______(give) enough medical care in our town last year.
3. -You look unhappy. What’s the matter
-I_______(not hear) from Rose for months. I’m worried about her.
4. We haven’t decided how_______(go) to Shanghai next week.
5. Lisa_______(choose) to act in that film, wasn’t she
6. -Do you know what_______(cause) him to miss the football game
-Repairing a new machine.
7. To reduce pollution, many supermarkets have stopped_______(provide) plastic bags.
8. It’s_______(luck) that we were given enough time to make a decision then.
答案：1. to hand 2. were given 3. haven’t heard 4. to go 5. was chosen 6. caused 7. providing 8. lucky
四、句型转换
1. Things like old clothes and shoes are sent for recycling.(改为主动语态)
People_______things like old clothes and shoes for recycling.
2. Our government doesn’t allow us to cut down trees in the forest.(改为被动语态)
We_______ _______to cut down trees in the forest by our government.
3. Sandy really doesn’t know what she can do with this problem.(改为简单句)
Sandy really doesn’t know what_______ _______with this problem.
4. He was so tired that he couldn’t walk any further.(改为同义句)
He was_______tired_______walk any further.
5. He bought me a new bike yesterday.(改为被动语态)
A new bike_______bought_______me by him yesterday.
答案：1. send 2. aren’t allowed 3. to do 4. too, to 5. was, for