Unit 7 Abilities 词句精讲精练 （含解析）牛津译林版英语七年级下册

Unit 7 Abilities
【词汇精讲】
1. can/ could/ may
（1） can是最常用的情态动词，其后接动词原形，没有人称和数的变化，其否定形式为can’t。can可以表示能力，表示现在的能力时用can, 表示过去的能力时用could，could的否定式是couldn’t。例如：
I can run fast. 我能跑得快。
She can speak Japanese. 她会说日语。
He could ride a bike when he was six. 他六岁时就会骑自行车。
【注意】be able to 也可以表能力，can在表示“能力”时可与be able to互换使用，be able to 有更多的时态，常被用来表示can所不能表示的将来时或完成时。例如：
They will be able to run the machine on their own in three months.
三个月后，他们能自己操作这台机器。
（2）can/could/may可以表示请求和许可。could比can语气更加的委婉，更有礼貌。may比较正式。例如：
Can I read your newspaper 我可以看一下你的报纸吗？
You can put your bike here. 你可以把自行车放在这里。
Could you lend me your bike 你能把自行车借给我吗？
May I use your computer 我可以用一你的电脑吗？
（3）can/could/may可以谈论可能性。
She may go to the fashion show on Sunday.
星期天她可能要去参加时装展。
Fire can be dangerous if we are not careful.
如果我们不小心，火可能是危险的。
It was snowing in Canada. We could go skiing there.
加拿大在下雪，我们可以在那里滑雪。
2. look out
（1）look out 意为“留神，当心，小心”，多用于口语中，用来提醒人们注意当前的危险状态或不安全的场所及事物。相当于take care/ be careful, 常常单独使用。例如：
Look out! There is danger ahead. 当心！前面有危险。
Look out! The water is too deep. 当心！水太深了。
Look out!/Take care！/ Be careful! There is a car coming. 当心！来了一辆汽车。
（2）look out后接其它介词时，要带宾语。常见的有：look out at 意为“向外看……“；
look out of 意为“朝……外看”。例如：
We look out at the beach and the sea. 我们朝外看沙滩和大海。
Don’t look out of the window. 不要朝窗外看。
3. take part in
take part in和join，join in都有参加的意思。具体用法如下：
（1）take part in指参加群众性的活动、会议、劳动、游行等，往往指参加者持有积极的态度，起一定作用，有时与join in互换。例如：
I didn’t take part in the sports meeting yesterday because I was ill.
我没有参加昨天的运动会，因为我病了。
（2）join指加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体，以及参军等，并成为其中一员。例如：
I joined the army in 1996. 我是1996年参军的。
（3）join in指参加某项比赛或活动，常用于口语中，也可用于join sb. in (doing) sth. 意为“加入……（做）……”。例如：
May I join in the football match 我可以参加这场足球比赛吗？
4. lose (one’s way)
lose 动词，意为“迷失，丢失”。lose one’s way意为“迷路”，相当于get lost；lose one’s home 意为“失去家园”。例如：
The boy got lost. = The boy lost his way. 那个男孩迷路了。
The flood made thousands of people lose their homes.
洪水使成千上万的人失去了家园。
【拓展】
lost 是lose的形容词， 意为“走失的，迷路的，失散的”或者“丢失的，遗失的”；常与系动词be或者get连用，表示“丢失，走失，迷路”，也经常用于名词前作定语修饰名词。例如：
My keys are lost again. 我的钥匙又丢了。
a lost child 走丢了的孩子 a lost watch 被人遗失的手表
5. do well in
do well in 意为“…做得好”，后接名词、代词或v-ing形式。be good at 是do well in 的同意词组，在句子中常可以互换。它们的反义词组是be poor at / be weak in 意为“在……方面差”。例如：
She is good at Chinese. = She does well in Chinese. 她擅长语文。
He is poor at (weak in) math. 他数学学得不好。
6. try / do one’s best
try one’s best意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”，相当于do one’s best。例如：
We should try / do our best to work. 我们应该尽最大努力去工作。
【拓展】常见的由try构成的其它词组：
try (not) to do sth. 努力（不）做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事
try out实验 try on试穿（鞋、衣服等）
例如：
I try to answer the question. 我尽力回答这个问题。
He tried swimming across the river. 他试着游过河去。
She is trying on a new dress. 她正在试穿一件新连衣裙。
7. smoke
（1）smoke 作名词，意为“烟，烟雾”。例如：
I open the window to let the smoke out. 我打开窗户让烟出去。
There is smoke without fire. 无风不起浪。
（2）smoke作动词，意为“吸烟，冒烟”。例如：
After class, he went out to smoke a cigarette.下课后，他出去抽了支烟。
The fireplace smokes badly. 这壁炉冒烟太多。
8. put out
put out 是一个及物动词短语，意为“扑灭，熄灭”。例如：
Far water does not put out near fire. 远水救不了近火。
It’s too dark. Don’t put out the light. 天太黑了，不要把灯火熄灭。
【拓展】常见的其他和put相关的词组：
put on 穿上 put down 把……放下，记下
put away 把……收好 put up 挂起，举起 put off 推迟，延期
例如：
Put your coat on, please. 请把外套穿上。
The bus put down some passengers. 几位乘客下了公共汽车。
Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 今日事今日毕。
Put your toys away. 把你的玩具收好。
Put up your hands, please. 请举手。
9. seat
seat作名词，意为“座位”，作动词时是及物动词，意为“坐下，使就座”。例如：
Are there enough seats for everyone 座位够吗？
I seated myself at my desk. 我在书桌旁坐下。
【拓展】sit和seat的辨析：
二者均可表示“坐”，sit是不及物动词，主语是人；seat是及物动词，主语是人时，表示“使……坐下”，宾语常是反身代词；主语是处所时，表示“能坐多少人”。例如：
She sits alone in her room. 她独自坐在房间里。
Our classroom can seat fifty students. 我们教室能坐50个学生。
10. hurt
（1）hurt 作动词，意为“使受伤，伤害，疼”，其过去式为hurt。例如：
My head hurts. 我头痛。
He fell off the truck and hurt his leg. 他从卡车上掉下来，伤了腿。
（2）hurt可以作形容词，意为“受伤的”。例如：
This man needs a doctor, he’s badly hurt. 这个人需要看医生，他伤的很严重。
（3）hurt还可以作名词，意为“伤害”。例如：
This failure is a great hurt to me. 这次失败对我来说是很大的伤害。
【句式精讲】
1. We can send some to them.
send是及物动词，意为“寄，发送”，过去式和过去分词都是sent，其后能接双宾语，即send sb. sth.=send sth. to sb.意为“送给（寄给）某人某物，动词send后可接双宾语。例如：
He sent me a postcard. = He sent a postcard to me. 他寄给我一张明信片。
【拓展】
动词接双宾语时，有两种结构：
（1）动词 + 间接宾语(sb.) + 直接宾语(sth.)
（2）动词 + 直接宾语(sth.) + 介词(for/to) + 间接宾语(sb.)
能接双宾语的动词可分为两类：
（1）常用介词to的动词有：send; give; show; bring; show; teach; tell等。例如：
give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.
（2）常用介词for的动词有：buy; sing; make; cook; get等。例如：
buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb.
2. He is brave enough to save a neighbour from a fire.
save意为“保存、储存、挽救、节省”等意思。save…from…意为
“从……中救出……”。save one’s life 意为“救某人的命， 帮某人大忙”。例如：
The man saved a boy from the river yesterday. 昨天那个人从河中救出了一个男孩。
He saved the boy’s life. 他救了那个男孩的命。
How do you save the document 你如何保存这个文件？
The boy saves money to buy a pen. 那个男孩攒钱买钢笔。
The police saved the girl’s life. 警察救了那个女孩的命。
3. Some families are not able to pay for pens and notebooks.
pay…for意为“为……付款”，在句中常见的结构形式有：
（1）pay sb. money for sth. 意为“付钱（给某人）买……。例如：
I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
我每个月要付给他们20英镑的房租。
（2）pay for sth. 付……的钱。例如：
I have to pay for the lost book. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。
（3）pay for sb. 意为“替某人付钱”。例如：
They pay us every month. 他们每个月给我们报酬。
4. What…和How…引导的感叹句
感叹句是用来表达喜怒哀乐等强烈情感的句子。感叹句一般用how或者what开头，句末加感叹号。what修饰名词，how修饰形容词或副词。具体句式如下：
（1）what引导的感叹句：
1）What a(an)＋形容词＋可数名词的单数形式＋主语＋谓语！
What a clever boy he is！多么聪明的小男孩啊！
2）What＋形容词＋可数名词的复数形式＋主语＋谓语！
What interesting books the children are reading!
孩子们读的书多么有趣啊！
3）What＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
What cold weather it is！ 多冷的天！
（2）how引导的感叹句：
1）How＋形容词或副词＋主语＋谓语！
How lovely the baby is！ 这孩子真可爱！（lovely为形容词）
How fast he runs! 他跑地多快啊！（fast为副词）
2） How＋形容词＋a(an)＋可数名词的单数形式＋主语＋谓语！
How heavy a box they are carrying! 他们抬的箱子多重啊！
3）How＋主语＋谓语！
How time flies! 时间过得多快！
5. hear sb. doing sth.
（1）hear sb. doing sth. 意为“听到某人正在做某事”，表示动作正在发生或进行。例如：
Can you hear him singing in the room 你听到他正在房间里唱歌吗？
When I was walking on the road, heard a girl shouting.
当我正走在路上时，听见了一个女孩在喊。
（2）hear sb. do sth.意为“听见某人做某事”，通常是指听到的全过程或者强调某事经常发生。例如：
Let’s hear him sing a song for us. 让我们听他为我们唱首歌。
We often heard him sing the song last year. 去年我们经常听他唱这首歌。
【拓展】除hear外，其他感官动词，如look（看），see（看到），notice（注意到），watch（看），listen（听）等，也有类似用法，即表示习惯性动作时，后接动词原形作宾补； 表示正在进行的动作时，后接-ing形式作宾补。例如：
I saw Li Ming playing near the river on my way home.
在我回家路上，我看见李明正在河边玩。
She watched the children play table tennis. 她看孩子们打乒乓球。
I noticed the man leaving the house. 我注意到那人离开这栋房子。
题组A 基础过关练
用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.It’s raining ________ (hard) again. We can’t go out to play sports.
【答案】hard
【解析】
句意：雨又下大了，我们不能出去运动了。hard“努力地，猛烈地”，可以作形容词或副词，这里修饰的是动词raining，用副词，故填hard。
2.Jim is good at all his lessons, but he never ________(show) off. He is a modest person.
【答案】shows
【解析】
句意：吉姆的功课都很好，但他从不炫耀。他是一个谦虚的人。根据“is”可知，句子是一般现在时，主语he是第三人称单数，动词用三单形式，故填shows。
3.I decided ________ (take) part in the football match.
【答案】to take
【解析】
句意：我决定参加足球比赛。decide to do sth“决定做某事”，动词不定式作宾语，故填to take。
4.After ________ his dog, Tom is unhappy and he misses his ________ dog a lot. (lose)
【答案】 losing lost
【解析】
句意：丢了狗后，汤姆很不开心，他很想念他的丢失的狗。after是介词，后接doing形式，第二空修饰名词dog，故用形容词lost“丢失的”，故填losing；lost。
5.He often ________ (hear) from his grandparents when he was ten years old.
【答案】heard
【解析】
句意：他十岁的时候经常收到祖父母的来信。hear“听见”，是动词，根据“when he was ten years old.”可知句子时态是一般过去时，故填heard。
题组B 能力提升练
完型填空
On September 1, the first day of the school year, many parents were waiting outside of the school gates to pick up their children from school. As my parents were ____1____ their work, I took up the responsibility to pick up my little brother from school as I usually did.
When I was waiting for my brother, I saw him carry a bag and run out of the school. Then I waved to him. He saw me, but did not come to me. Instead, he went to the ____2____ nearby. I was curious(好奇的) but worried, so I ____3____. I saw him take out the 20 yuan that my father gave him in the morning to buy a loaf of bread and a carton of milk. I thought that he must be ____4____, so I waited. Unexpectedly, my brother went out from the store and ran to the other side of the school gate. When I was going to blame him for running so fast, I saw that he gave the food to a(an) ____5____ lady who was cleaning the school gate. Suddenly, I understood the case. I watched in silence and smiled.
Soon came Teachers’ Day. Students usually buy flowers for the teachers to thank them for their teaching. ____6____, my brother came into my room and said: “Sister, can you guess what happened to me today ” I was interested and asked what happened to him. He said with a ____7____ face with his small eyes narrowing into a line: “That aged lady helped me today! I forgot to bring the flowers today, so I went to the school empty-handed. Several days earlier, I helped an aged lady, and today she gave me some ____8____ and asked me to give them to my teacher. The teacher was pleased and gave me a candy.”
My brother was ____9____ and showed me the candy. At that moment, I looked at him with pleasure and thought: We must be kind, grateful, and try what we can to help others when they are ____10____; similarly, if others help us, we should also be grateful.
1.A.happy with B.angry with C.busy with D.careful with
2.A.school B.gate C.restaurant D.store
3.A.shouted B.jumped C.followed D.ran
4.A.hungry B.thirsty C.sick D.awaken
5.A.young B.ugly C.aged D.beautiful
6.A.In the morning B.In the afternoon C.In the evening D.At midnight
7.A.smiling B.crying C.dancing D.moving
8.A.candies B.flowers C.food D.milk
9.A.excited B.disappointed C.surprised D.afraid
10.A.in danger B.in trouble C.in hospital D.in prison
【答案】1-5 CDCAC 6-10 CABAB
【文章大意】
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者的弟弟帮助老人并得到老人回报的故事。
【解析】
1.句意：由于父母忙于工作，我像往常一样承担起了去学校接弟弟的责任。happy with对……感到开心；angry with对……生气；busy with忙于某事；careful with小心。根据“I took up the responsibility to pick up my little brother”可知，我去学校接弟弟，所以父母应是忙碌的，故选C。
2.句意：相反，他去了附件的商店。school学校；gate大门；restaurant餐馆；store商店。根据“I saw him take out the 20 yuan that my father gave him in the morning to buy a loaf of bread and a carton of milk.”可知，弟弟是去商店买了面包和牛奶，故选D。
3.句意：我很好奇，但也担心，所以我跟着他。shouted喊叫；jumped跳；followed跟随；ran跑。根据“I saw him take out the 20 yuan”可知，我看着在在上面买东西，所以我是跟着弟弟去了商店，故选C。
4.句意：我想他一定是饿了，所以我等着他。hungry饥饿的；thirsty口渴的；sick生病的；awaken醒着的。 根据“to buy a loaf of bread and a carton of milk.”可知，弟弟买了面包和牛奶，所以我是觉得他饿了，故选A。
5.句意：当我正要责备他跑得太快时，我看到他把食物给了一位正在打扫校门的老妇人。
young年轻的；ugly；aged年老的；beautiful美丽的。根据“That aged lady helped me today!”可知，后文提到了这个老妇人，所以弟弟是把东西给了这个老人，故选C。
6.句意：晚上，我弟弟走进我的房间说。in the morning早上；in the afternoon下午；in the evening晚上；at midnight夜晚。根据“Sister, can you guess what happened to me today ”可知，弟弟让姐姐猜今天发生了什么，所以弟弟是晚上的时候来到了姐姐房间，故选C。
7.句意：他笑着说，小眼睛眯成了一条线。smiling微笑；crying哭泣；dancing跳舞；moving移动。根据“with his small eyes narrowing into a line”及后文可知，弟弟眼睛眯成了一条线，所以弟弟是面带微笑的，故选A。
8.句意：几天前，我帮助了一位老太太，今天她给了我一些花，让我送给我的老师。candies糖果；flowers花；food食物；milk牛奶。根据“I forgot to bring the flowers today”可知，弟弟忘了带花，所以老人是给了花给他，故选B。
9.句意：我弟弟很兴奋，给我看了糖果。excited兴奋的；disappointed失望的；surprised惊讶的；afraid害怕的。根据“The teacher was pleased and gave me a candy”可知，老师很高兴并给了弟弟糖果，所以弟弟是兴奋的，故选A。
10.句意：我们必须善良，感恩，并在别人有困难时尽力帮助别人。in danger处于危险中；in trouble处于麻烦中；in hospital住院；in prison亲自。根据“try what we can to help others”可知，我们应帮助有困难的人，故选B。
题组C 培优拔尖练
一、阅读还原7选5
Tom is an English boy. __1__ He is in Class One, Grade Seven. He wants to get some money for some poor (贫困的) students in his school.
__2__ Tom’s mother is good at making cakes. So she wants to have a cake sale. __3__ What do they do First they make the sale this Saturday. __4__ After that, Tom’s mother makes strawberry cakes, apple cakes, chocolate cakes and so on.
On Saturday morning, Tom and his mother take the cakes to the cake sale. __5__ Tom gets about 200 dollars. He feels good!
A.Then Tom and his mother go to buy some fruit and chocolate.
B.He asks his mother for help.
C.What does Tom like eating
D.They sell all of them.
E.He is a middle school student.
F.What color are they
G.Tom thinks that’s great.
【答案】EBGAD
【文章大意】
本文主要介绍了汤姆是一个英国男孩，他想要赚钱给班里的贫困学生。于是，他和妈妈举办了一场蛋糕特卖会。
【解析】
根据“He is in Class One, Grade Seven.”可知，空格处应该介绍汤姆的身份。选项E“他是一名中学生”符合语境。故选E。
根据“He wants to get some money for some poor students in his school.”和“Tom’s mother is good at making cakes.”可知，为了筹钱，汤姆寻求了他妈妈的帮助。空格处说的应该是汤姆求助于他的妈妈。选项B“他寻求他妈妈的帮助”符合语境。故选 B。
根据“So she wants to have a cake sale.”和“What do they do ”可知，汤姆同意了妈妈的办特卖会的想法。选项G“汤姆认为那很好”符合语境。故选G。
根据“After that, Tom’s mother makes strawberry cakes, apple cakes, chocolate cakes and so on.”可知，做蛋糕要先去买食材，空格处应该介绍去买食材了。选项A“然后汤姆和他的妈妈去买水果和巧克力”符合语境。故选A。
根据“Tom gets about 200 dollars.”可知，空格处应该介绍蛋糕的销售情况。选项D“他们卖掉了所有的蛋糕”符合语境。故选D。
二、书面表达
假如你是Alice，你想写一封推荐信，推荐你的同学Daniel获得今年的新星奖。推荐信字数为90词左右。开头、结尾已给出，不计入总字数。
姓名 Daniel
性格 乐于助人，善良，友好
能力 会弹钢琴，五岁的时候开始弹钢琴
爱好 1. 讲故事，经常给我们讲一些令人惊奇的事情。 2. 养金鱼，喜欢看它们游来游去。
学习情况 1. 各门功课都很努力，最擅长学习数学。 2. 最喜欢英语，每天花很多时间练习说英语。
主要事迹 上周，一个8岁的女孩掉入水里，他足够勇敢地把她从水里救出来。
Dear Sir/Madam,
I’d like to ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours faithfully, Alice
【答案】例文
Dear Sir/Madam,
I’d like to recommend Daniel for this year’s star. He is helpful, kind and friendly. He can play the piano. He began to play it when he was five years old.
He has many hobbies. He is good at telling stories. He often tells us some amazing things. He keeps goldfish. He likes to watch them swim around.
He works hard at all his subjects. He is good at Maths. He likes English best. He spends as much time as he can speaking English every day.
Last week, an 8-year-old girl fell into the river. He was brave enough to save her from the river. I think he should get the award. I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours faithfully,
Alice
【解析】
1. 题干解读：这篇作文要求考生根据提示的内容要点，写一封信推荐同学Daniel获得今年的新星奖，属于书信作文，需注意使用正确的格式。
2. 写作指导：审题可知，这篇短文应以第三人称和一般现在时为主，以第一人称和一般过去时为辅展开陈述。写作中要承接开头，紧扣提示的内容要点，从性格、能力、爱好、学习和主要事迹等方面介绍好朋友Daniel的有关信息。行文注意主谓一致和上下文的过度，符合逻辑关系，保证无语法和单词拼写错误。