Unit 3 Welcome to Sunshine Town!
【词汇精讲】
1. mine
mine是名词性物主代词,相当于my + 名词。例如:
The coat is mine. 这件上衣是我的。
【拓展】
(1) 名词性物主代词常用来避免和前面已提及的名词重复,相当于(形容词性物主代词+名词)。其分类形式如下:
形式 人称 名词性物主代词
单数 第一人称 mine
第二人称 yours
第三人称 his
hers
its
复数 第一人称 ours
第二人称 yours
第三人称 theirs
(2) 名词性物主代词的用法:
1)名词性物主代词可用作主语、宾语和表语,可单独使用,其后不再跟名词。
a. 用作主语。例如:
That isn’t my car. Mine is at home. 那不是我的汽车。我的汽车在家里。
b. 用作宾语。例如:
I have broken my pen. May I use yours
我折断了我的钢笔。我可以用一下你的吗? (作动词的宾语)
He wasn’t in my room. He might be in his.
他不在我的房间。他可能在自己的房间。(作介词的宾语)
2)名词性物主代词可与介词of构成短语,用作后置定语,表示从属关系。例如:
Jack is a friend of mine. Jack是我的一个朋友。(用于双重所有格)
【注意】
在使用名词性物主代词时,必须有特定的语言环境,也就是要省略的名词大家已经知道,已经提起过。例如:
There is a book. It’s hers. 那里有本书。是她的。
2)名词性物主代词用作主语时,谓语动词的数应随其所指代的数而定。例如:
-Is this pencil yours or hers 这支铅笔是你的还是她的?
-It’s mine. Hers is in her bag. (Hers = Her pencil) 是我的,她的铅笔在她的包里。
-Whose books are these 这些是谁的书?
-They are his. Yours are over there. (Yours = Your books.)
是他的。你的在那里。
2. nothing
nothing 是由“no+ thing”构成的复合不定代词,意为“没有什么,没有东西”,只能指物,常用来回答What’s in… 例如:
-What’s in the box 箱子里有什么?
-Nothing. 什么都没有。
【拓展】
常用的复合不定代词有:somebody; someone; something; anybody; anyone; anything; nobody; nothing; everyone; everybody; everything等。不定代词作主语时,相当于单数第三人称单数;谓语动词要用单数形式;不定代词被形容词修饰时,形容词常作后置定语。例如:Everyone is here. 人人都在这里。
I’ll buy you something new. 我要给你买些新东西。
口诀:不定代词美名扬,修饰成分后边藏;单数动词作谓语,何时何地都一样。
3. quiet
quiet是形容词,意为“安静的,文静的”,可作定语或表语。反义词是outgoing;outgoing意为“外向的,友好的;擅于交际的”,其比较级为more outgoing。例如:
They walked to a quiet place. 他们向一个安静的地方走去。
You have a cold, so you must keep quiet at home. 你感冒了,所以必须在家静养。
He is more outgoing than me. 他比我能说会道。
【拓展】
calm; still; quiet与silent的辨析:
calm 镇静的;平静的 指不受干扰时的宁静、平静;指人时表示沉着的、镇定的。
still 不动的;静止的 指物理上的安静状态。
quiet 安静的;静止的 指寂静的状态,没有吵闹、骚乱,指人表示娴静、文静。
silent 沉默的;无言的 主要指人,指不发出声音或不说话,强调无声的状态。
When we face danger, we should keep calm. 面对危险,我们应该保持沉着、冷静。
The baby kept still when she was taking photos. 当给这个婴儿拍照时,她一动也不动。
Be quiet, everyone. The teacher is coming. 同学们,安静!老师来了。
We shouldn’t keep silent when the teacher asks us some questions.
当老师问我们问题时,我们不应该保持沉默。
【注意】quiet意为“安静的”,quite意为“相当”。
4. famous
famous是形容词,意为“著名的,有名的,出名的”,在句中可作定语或表语。例如:
Yao Ming is a famous basketball player. 姚明是一位著名的篮球运动员。
【拓展】famous常见的搭配:
be famous for意为“以……而著名”,for后接著名的原因。
be famous as意为“作为……而著名”,as后接身份、职业的名词。例如:
China is famous for the Great Wall. 中国因长城而闻名。
Lu Xun is very famous as a writer. 鲁迅作为一名作家而著名。
5. miss
miss为动词,意为“想念,思念”。例如:
I’ll miss you when you go to Canada. 你到了加拿大以后,我一定会想你。
【拓展】
(1)miss作动词还有“未击中,未抓住”的意思。例如:
I tried to hit the ball but I missed. 我努力地想击中球,但却未成功。
(2)miss还可意为“未赶上,错过”,是动词。例如:
I missed the football match on TV last night. 我错过了昨天晚上电视中的足球赛。
6. forward
forward 副词,意为“向前,前进”。例如:
The seats face forward. 这些座位面朝前方。
Move forward to the front of the train. 往前走到列车的前面。
词组look forward to 意为“盼望,期待”。to 为介词,后接名词、代词或v-ing形式作宾语。例如:
I’m looking forward to my vacation. 我正期待着我的假期。
Jane looks forward to being a doctor. 简期望成为一名医生。
7. key
(1)key 名词,意为“钥匙”,当表示“……的钥匙”时,后面要用介词“to”。
例如:the key to the door 门钥匙
the key to the car 车钥匙
(2)key 还可以当“答案,解释”讲。表示“……的答案”时,后面也要跟介词“to”; 此时与“answer”同义。
例如:the key to the question 问题的答案
the key to the exercise 练习的答案
8. work
(1)work不及物动词,意为“工作,劳动”,第三人称单数是works;worker是名词,意为“工人”,复数是workers。例如:
He works very hard. 他工作很努力。
There are 30 workers in the factory. 工厂里有30个工人。
(2)work 名词, 意为“工作”,是不可数名词,但表示一份工作可以用“a piece of work”。
常用于以下词组:
out of work 失业/下岗 at work 在上班 after work 下班后
go to work 去上班 in work 就业
(3)work 名词, 意为“著作,作品”,是可数名词,复数为works。例如:
She is reading a new work on history. 她正在看一本关于历史的新书。
Shakespeare’s works are very famous. 莎士比亚的作品很著名。
9. raise
raise 动词,意为“饲养,养育,提高”。例如:
He raised his arm above his head. 他把手臂举过头顶。
raise salaries 提高薪水 raise a family 供养一家人 raise animals 养动物
【拓展】raise 作动词还可意为“募捐”。例如:
I want to raise some money for Project Hope. 我想为希望工程捐些款。
raise 常见的搭配有:
raise one’s hand 举手 raise one’s voice 提高声音 raise a question 提出问题
10. grow
(1)grow 作行为动词时,可以意为“种,种植”,是及物动词,后面可以直接跟宾语。也可以意为“生长,成长”,是不及物动词,常与up构成短语,意为“长大”。例如:
My father grows vegetables by himself every year. (及物动词)
我父亲每年自己种蔬菜。
The olive grows in Italy. (不及物动词)
橄榄生长于意大利。
What are you going to do when you grow up (和up连用)
你长大后打算干什么?
(2)grow 作连系动词, 意为“逐渐变得”,后接形容词作表语。例如:
Truth never grows old. 真理永远不会变老。
The world is growing smaller. 世界在逐渐变小。
11. smell
(1)smell作名词,意为“气味”。例如:
What is your favorite smell 你喜欢哪种气味呢?
(2)smell作实义动词,意为“闻”。例如:
Please smell the soup! 请闻闻这汤!
(3)smell作系动词,意为“闻起来”,后接形容词作表语。例如:
Dinner smells good. 晚饭闻起来很香。
【注意】
smell作系动词时不同于系动词be,它们在变疑问句或否定句时不能简单地提到主语之前或加not,而是要通过助动词do/does/ did等来帮助实现。例如:
Does it smell nice 它闻起来很好吗?
12. drive
(1)drive 作动词,意为“驾驶,开车”,其名词形式为driver, 意为“司机”。
“drive (sb.) to”意为“开车(送某人)到……”,当drive后面是地点副词时,不加to。例如:
Can you drive 你会开车吗?
My father drives me to school every day. 我爸爸每天开车送我去上学。
(2)drive 作名词时意为“驱车旅行”。例如:
It’s a five-day drive to London. 开车去伦敦需要5天。
【句式精讲】
1. It takes sb. some time to do sth.
It takes sb. some time to do sth.是固定句型,意为“做某事需要花费某人多长时间”。take在此意为“花费”,it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式to do sth.,对时间提问时用How long does it take 例如:
It took me half an hour to finish the work. 完成这项工作花了我半小时。
How long does it take you from your home to school 从学校到你家要花多长时间?
【拓展】
表示“花费”的spend、take、cost和pay的辨析:
词语 主语 结构
spend 人(sb.) sb. spends + 时间或金钱+ (in) doing sth. /on sth.
take it作形式主语 It takes sb. some time to do sth.(真正主语)
pay 人(sb.) sb. pays + 金钱+ for sth.
cost sth.(物) sth. costs sb. + 金钱
例如:
I spent 3 hours (in) doing /on my homework yesterday. 昨天我花了三个小时做作业。
It took me four hours to go to Wuhan by bus. 乘公共汽车去武汉花了我四个小时。
I paid six yuan for the pen. 我花了六元钱买这支笔。
My English book cost me five yuan. 我的英语书花了我五元钱。
2. Let’s go to the supermarket.
(1)本句是一个祈使句,句式为“Let’s do sth.”意为“让我们……吧。”主要用来提出建议和请求, 劝对方一起做,包括听话者在内。它的否定式是“Let’s not do sth.”,意为“让我们不做某事”。例如:
Let’s play games together. 我们一起做游戏吧。
Let’s not tell anyone. 我们谁也别告诉。
(2)“Let us do sth.” 意为“让/允许 我们做某事”,表示提出请求,请对方允许,不包括听话者在内。例如:
Let us go with you, my dear mother. 亲爱的妈妈,让我们和你一起去吧。
3. Shall we take them to the cinema
Shall we do… 意为“让我们做……好吗?”,用来征求对方的建议,回答时,可以用
“Good idea!”或者“Sure!”表示赞同。“sb. should do sth.”意为“某人应该做某事”。
例如:-Shall we go out for a walk 我们一起去散步好吗?
-Good idea! 好主意!
You should see a doctor right now. 你应该马上看医生。
【拓展】常见的其他表示建议的句式:
How about/What about… ……怎么样?例如:
How / What about listening to the music 听音乐怎么样?
Why don’t you… / Why not… 为什么不……呢?例如:
Why don’t you go swimming = Why not go swimming 为什么不去游泳呢?
You’d better (not) do… 最好(不要)…… 例如:
You’d better ask your parents first. 你最好先问问你的父母。
You’d better not be late for class. 你最好不要迟到。
当然还有我们上文讲过的“Let’s do/ Let us do”。
An old friend of mine is coming to see me, Hobo.
“an old friend of mine”意为“我的一个朋友”,是一个双重所有格,属于名词所有格的一种用法。下面我们来总结一下名词所有格的用法。
(1)’s所有格的用法。
一般情况下直接在名词后加“’s”就可以构成名词的所有格,这种所有格主要用于有生命的东西。例如:
the boy’s bag 男孩的书包,men’s room 男厕所
但是,以s结尾的名词只需要在词尾加“’”构成所有格。例如:
the twins’ room 双胞胎的房间
但’s所有格也可用于表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物。
例如:We accepted the invitation without a moment’s hesitation.
我们一点也没有犹豫就接受了邀请。
(2)of所有格的用法。
1)of所有格一般用于无生命的东西的名词中。例如:
a map of the world世界地图
2)某些of所有格和’s所有格可以互换。例如:
the son of a worker=a worker’s son一个工人的儿子
但有时含义却不相同,请比较下面的例子:
an old woman’s story 一个老人的故事 (老人自己讲的故事)
the story of an old woman 一个老人的故事 (别人讲的关于这个老人的故事)
(3)双重所有格及其用法。
“’s”所有格和“of”所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起,构成“of+所有格”形式,即双重所有格。它通常表示部分概念,即全体中的一部分。例如:
two good friends of mine我的好朋友中的两个
a friend of my sister’s 我姐姐的一个朋友
注意以下表达的区别:
a picture of him 他(本人)的照片
a picture of his 他(所有的照片中)的一张照片
题组A 基础过关练
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.—Look at the big boy. What’s ________ name
—You can call ________ Eric. (he)
【答案】 his him
【解析】
句意:——看这个大男孩。他的名字是什么?——你可以叫他Eric。此空修饰名词name,用形容词性物主代词his,表示“他的”;第二个空call后接人称代词宾格him。故填his;him。
2.The ruler is Helen’s. And the green pencil is ____ (her), too.
【答案】hers
【解析】
句意:尺子是海伦的。绿色的铅笔也是她的。her“她的”,是形容词性物主代词;空格后没有名词,需用名词性物主代词;根据句意语境和英文提示,故填hers。
3.“Plant VS Zombie 2” is our group’s favorite computer game, what’s ___________ (your)
【答案】yours
【解析】
句意:“植物大战僵尸2”是我们队最喜欢的电脑游戏,你们的是什么?根据句意可知,空格处译为“你们的”,且空后无名词,用名词性物主代词,故填yours。
4.Computers may be better than doctors at doing ________(they)job.
【答案】their
【解析】
句意:计算机可能比医生更擅长于他们的工作。“they”表示“他们”,是人称代词的主格,名词“job”前用形容词性物主代词,表达“他们的”用“their”。故填their。
5.I’m sorry that I took your bag instead of ________ (I) by mistake.
【答案】mine
【解析】
句意:对不起,我错拿了你的包。此处指“my bag”,其后无名词,用名词性物主代词代替,故填mine。
6.The mobile phone is not mine. It may be somebody __________ (else).
【答案】else’s
【解析】
句意:这个手机不是我的,它可能是别人的。根据“The mobile phone is not mine”可知,这里表示的是“别人的”,所以用somebody else的名词所有格形式somebody else’s,故填else’s。
7.Kate’s boots are the same as those ________ (shopkeeper).
【答案】shopkeepers’
【解析】
句意:凯特的靴子和那些店主的一样。根据句意可知此处是指店主的靴子,用名词所有格;根据前面的those可知,用可数名词复数所有格,故填shopkeepers’。
8.The children used carrots for ________ (snowman) noses.
【答案】snowmen's
【解析】
句意:孩子们用胡萝卜当雪人的鼻子。名词noses需用名词所有格修饰;根据noses和英文提示,可知所有格用复数形式,故填snowmen's。
题组B 能力提升练
一、完型填空
When July comes, children know they’ll have __1__ exams(考试) and the school year will be over soon. Boys and girls will have a two-month holiday, and they’ll leave school __2__ train or by car to __3__ to see their fathers and mothers.
The summer holidays are the __4__ time of the year for most children. The weather is usually good, so one can __5__ most of his time playing outside. If one lives in the country, he can __6__ into the forests and in the fields. If one lives in a big town, he can usually go to a park to play.
The best place for a summer holiday is the ___7___ Some children are __8__ enough to live near the sea. But for the others, if they have the chance(机会) to stay at one of the big seaside(海边) towns for a week or two, they will talk about it all the following(接着的) school year.
Now, __9__ makes children like the seaside so much I think it is the sand (沙), the sea and the sun, not anything else. Of course, there are ___10___ new things to see, nice things to eat, and interesting things to do. But the feeling of sand under their feet, of salt water on their skin(皮肤), and the feeling of the warm sun on their backs make them happier.
1.A.they B.them C.theirs D.their
2.A.on B.by C.in D.at
3.A.go to town B.go to the parks C.leave home D.go home
4.A.best B.better C.worst D.worse
5.A.take B.use C.spend D.waste
6.A.go out B.go on C.go back D.go away
7.A.village B.beach C.city D.park
8.A.lucky B.sad C.worried D.quiet
9.A.that B.which C.who D.what
10.A.little B.much C.lots of D.no
【答案】1-5 DBDAC 6-10 ABADC
【文章大意】
短文大意:短文主要介绍了期末考试即将来临,两个月的暑假即将开始,学生可以回家和父母团聚,对大多数孩子来说,暑假是一年最好的时节,可以到森林,公园玩耍,但是最好的去处还是大海边,在那可以享受阳光,海浪和美丽的沙滩。
【解析】
1.句意:孩子们知道他们要考试了。考查代词辨析。exams考试,名词需用形容词性物主代词修饰;they和them都是人称代词,theirs是名词性物主代词,可排除。their他们的,后接名词;根据句意语境,可知选D。
2.句意:他们将乘火车或汽车离开学校回家看望他们的父母。考查介词辨析。“by +交通工具”表示交通方式;by train乘火车,根据句意语境,可知选B。
3.句意:他们将乘火车或汽车离开学校回家看望他们的父母。考查动词短语辨析。A. go to town进城;B. go to the parks去公园;C. leave home离开家;D. go home回家。根据上文they’ll leave school,可知是为了回家,故选D。
4.句意:对大多数孩子来说,暑假是一年中最好的时光。考查最高级辨析。定冠词the修饰最高级,best最好的,worst最坏的;根据句意语境,可知worst不合句意,故选A。
5.句意:天气通常很好,所以一个人可以花大部分时间在外面玩。考查动词辨析。spend time doing sth.花费时间做某事,固定结构;根据句意语境,可知选C。
6.句意:如果一个人住在乡下,他可以到森林和田野里去。考查动词短语辨析。A. go out 出去;B. go on继续;C. go back回去;D. go away消失/走开。根据into the forests and in the fields.,可知BCD三项意思都不合句意,故选A。
7.句意:最适合过暑假的地方是海滩。考查名词辨析。village村庄;beach海滩;city城市;park公园。根据下文Some children are lucky enough to live near the sea.,可知选B。
8.句意:有些孩子很幸运能住在海边。考查形容词辨析。A. lucky幸运的;B. sad伤心的;C. worried担心的;D. quiet安静的。but表转折,根据下文But for the others, if they have the chance to stay at one of the big seaside towns for a week or two, they will talk about it all the following school year.,可知住在海边的孩子很幸运,故选A。
9.句意:那么,是什么让孩子们如此喜欢海边呢 考查疑问词辨析。空白处做主语,that无实义可排除。which哪一个,问物;who谁,问人;what什么,问事情。根据下文I think it is the sand (沙), the sea and the sun, not anything else.,可知what切合句意,故选D。
10.句意:当然,有很多新的东西要看,好吃的东西要吃,有趣的事情要做。考查不定代词辨析。A. little少的,后接不可数名词,否定意义;B. much许多的,修饰不可数名词;C. lots of许多的,修饰复数名词或不可数名词;D. no没有,表否定。本句是肯定意义,things是复数名词,根据句意语境,可知选C。
题组C 培优拔尖练
阅读理解
A
For the first time, the Palace Museum opened its doors to the public at night for two days in February, 2019. It gives visitors the chance to see its palaces and temples in beautiful lights. The idea was a hit.
The webpage for people to sign for free tickets went wrong because of traffic. The museum gave away 500 tickets for people to, join 2,500 invited guests(特邀嘉宾) on Tuesday, and another 3,000 tickets for Wednesday night.
These lucky visitors enjoyed light shows and a Beijing opera show at the Belvedere of Pleasant Sounds, the Palace Museum's largest theatre. They could hear the music all over the museum, as there were fewer people at night than during the day.
The opening was part of an effort(努力)to change the image(形象)of the Palace Museum as it has always been conservative(保守的).
"The more the Palace Museum does, the more influential(有影响力的)it will be," said Shan Jixiang, the museum's director.
Yang Jie visited the museum with her husband on Tuesday night. She said the light show was wonderful.
"It makes it possible to see a different side of the Palace Museum," she said.
1.How many tickets did the museum give away in the two days
A.500 B.2,500 C.3,000 D.3,500
2.What could the visitors do during the special opening hours
A.To see its palaces and temples in beautiful lights. B.To enjoy light shows.
C.To enjoy a Beijing opera show in the theatre. D.All the above.
3.People could hear the music all over the museum because ________.
A.there were speakers everywhere.
B.there were not many people visiting the museum at night.
C.the museum was too loud for everyone to hear.
D.the music was loud enough for everyone to hear.
【答案】DDB
【文章大意】
2019年2月,故宫博物院首次夜间对外开放,这受到了人们的广泛好评,一些幸运的游客还获得了免费的门票,去故宫观看灯光秀和京剧表演。
【解析】
1.细节理解题。根据第二段“The museum gave away 500 tickets for people to, join 2,500 invited guests(特邀嘉宾) on Tuesday, and another 3,000 tickets for Wednesday night.”可知,故宫博物院在周二赠送了500张门票,周三赠送3,000张,所以一共是3,500张。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据短文第一段“It gives visitors the chance to see its palaces and temples in beautiful lights.”和第三段“These lucky visitors enjoyed light shows and a Beijing opera show at the Belvedere of Pleasant Sounds, the Palace Museum's largest theatre.”可知,夜间去故宫参观的游客可以看到里面的宫殿、寺庙、欣赏灯光秀和京剧。A、B、C三项都在文中提到了,故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段“They could hear the music all over the museum, as there were fewer people at night than during the day.”可知,游客们可以在博物馆各处听到音乐,因为晚上的人比白天少。故选B。
B
Kunming is the capital of Yunnan. It’s a city with a long history. Kunming has a population(人口) of more than 5,000,000. The weather in Yunnan changes from place to place, but Kunming is famous for its beautiful weather. It’s not too hot in summer and not too cold in winter. That’s why more and more people like to travel and even to live here. You can see that great changes have taken place(发生) here. A lot of tall buildings, cinemas and schools have been built. You can cross(穿过) the streets over footbridges(天桥) in the city. You can buy whatever you want in shops and supermarkets in or around the city. People’s lives are becoming better and better.
At weekends or on holidays, people like to have fun in different places and in different ways. In winter, people, especially(特别是) old people would like to go up the Western Hills. From the top of the hills, you can have a good look at the beautiful city of Kunming. Far away from the hills, you can enjoy the Sleeping Beauty among the hills. After supper, families usually take a walk along the bank of Dianchi Lake. The Golden Temple and Expo Garden(世博园) are two famous places of interest in the north of the city. Expo Garden is known to people both at home and abroad(国外). You can spend a whole day visiting the world-famous garden. A little farther away from the south-east of the city, a special forest(独特的森林) welcomes you. It is not a tree forest, but a stone forest. So, it is called the Stone Forest.
4.What’s the population of Kunming
A.Over five million. B.Over five thousand.
C.Over five billion. D.Over five hundred.
5.The weather in Yunnan is ___________.
A.the same in different places B.not too hot and not too cold
C.different in different places D.different in the same place
6.The Sleeping Beauty is the name of a ______________.
A.person B.hill
C.shop D.film star
【答案】ACB
【文章大意】
本文介绍了昆明这座城市。
【解析】
4.题意:昆明的人口是多少?考查细节理解。A. Over five million超过五百万;B. Over five thousand超过五千;C. Over five billion超过50亿;D. Over five hundred五百多。根据第1段第3句“Kunming has a population of more than 5,000,000.”可知,昆明的人口为500多万。选A。
5.题意:云南的天气________________。细节理解题。A. the same in different places在不同地方一样;B. not too hot and not too cold不太热也不太冷;C. different in different places在不同地方不同;D. different in the same place在同一地方也不同。根据第1段第4句“The weather in Yunnan changes from place to place”可知,云南的天气因地方的不同而不同。 故选C。
6.题意:睡美人是__________的名字。考查推理判断。A. person人,个人; B. hill小山,山丘;C. shop商店;D. film star电影明星。根据第2段第4句“Far away from the hills, you can enjoy the Sleeping Beauty among the hills.(远离群山,您可以在群山之间享受睡美人。)”可知,“睡美人”在群山之中。由此推断,Sleeping Beauty是一座山的名字。故选B。