Unit 2 Neighbours 词句精讲精练（含解析）牛津译林版英语七年级下册
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| 名称 | Unit 2 Neighbours 词句精讲精练（含解析）牛津译林版英语七年级下册 |  | |
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Unit 2 Neighbours
词句精讲精练
词汇精讲
1. like
like 作介词，意为“像；与……相似”，对应的反义词为unlike。短语look like表示“看起来像……”。例如：
Draw it like this! 照这样画！
She looks like her mother. 她长得像她妈妈。
【拓展】like与as
like与as作介词，都有“像”的意思。但有一定区别。
（1）like意为“像……一样”。用于相似关系，即两者在形态上或性质上有相似之处，但并不等于。
（2）as意为“作为；以……身份”。用于说明同一关系，即两者实为一体。
例如：
She talks to me like my mother. 她像我妈妈那样跟我说话。（她不是我妈妈）
She talks to me as a mother. 她以妈妈的身份跟我说话。（她是我妈妈）
most of
most of意为“……中的大多数”，后面接可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；也可接不可数名词，此时谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：
Most of them are going off to Guangzhou next week.
他们中的多数人都准备下星期去广州。
Most of the water is clean. 大部分水是干净的。
【注意】
most of 后的名词是单数时，谓语动词也用单数形式。
例如：Most of the apple is red. 这个苹果大部分是红的。
something与anything
something作不定代词，意为“某事，某物”，多用于肯定句中。在疑问句和否定句中常用anything；否定句中常用nothing。作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。anything还有“任何事物”的意思。
例如：
Something happens. 有事发生了。
I’d like something to eat. 我想吃点东西。
Is there anything wrong with your bike 你自行车是不是出问题了
Anything is possible. 一切皆有可能。
【注意】
（1）在很有礼貌的问某人要吃什么和喝什么时，应该使用something。这是一种特殊的用法。
例如：
—I feel a bit hungry. 我感觉有点儿饿。
—Why don’t you have some bread 吃些面包怎么样
Would you like something to drink 想喝点什么吗？
（2）在表示请求、建议或征求意见的疑问句中常用some或something。在表达“任何”这一含义时肯定句中常用any或anything。例如：
You can get it in any department store. 这东西你在哪个百货商店都买得到。
I believe anything he says. 我相信他所说的任何话。
be ready to do sth.
be ready to do sth.意为“准备做某事/愿意做某事”。
例如：
He is always ready to help others. 他随时准备帮助他人。
I’ll be ready to leave. 我准备离开。
【拓展】be/get ready for意为“为……做准备”。
例如：
They are ready for the party. 他们为聚会做好了准备。
All the students are getting ready for the sports meeting. 所有学生都在为运动会做准备。
5. do some shopping
动词do后跟动名词形式构成短语，动名词作do的宾语，具有名词性质，可以用some或the 修饰。
例如：
do some reading 阅读 do some washing 洗涮 do some cooking 做饭
do some swimming 游泳 do some reading 练习阅读 do some listening 练习听力
6. make a fire
fire作不可数名词，意为“火”。make a fire是固定短语，意为“生火”。
例如：
Keep away with fire. 切勿近火。
We can make a fire to keep the room warm. 我们可以生火让房间温暖起来。
【拓展】由make构成的词组有：
make noise发出噪音 make friends交朋友
make tea沏茶 make money赚钱
make a living谋生 make trouble 制造麻烦
make a sentence造句 make the bed铺床
make a decision决定 make a speech演讲
7. job与work
work和job作名词是同义词，都有“工作、职业”的意思。不过，它们之间还是有些区别的。
（1）job是可数名词，指特定工作。work是不可数名词，泛指工作。我们可以说a job，不能说a work。例如：
Peter has a good job in a bank. 彼得在一家银行有份很好的工作。
Tom changed jobs many times. 汤姆换了很多工作。
Looking after three cats is not easy work. 照顾三只猫咪可不是件容易事。
（2）上班用英文讲是go to work。这是一个固定搭配，我们不能说go to a job。例如：
My father goes to work at 8 am. 我爸爸八点上班。
（3）job只能用作名词，work还可以用作动词，不仅有“上班、工作”的意思，还可以作“努力”或“从事”来讲。例如：
Both of my parents work. 我父母都工作。
If you work hard, you will speak English well. 只要你努力，你的英语就会讲得很好。
8. elder与older
elder为形容词old的比较级形式，意为“年长的”。同时old还对应有一个比较级形式older，注意二者之间的区别。
【拓展】older, elder的区别：
（1）older 通常用于比较两个人的年龄大小或者两个物体之间的新旧程度。例如：
He is older than his brother. 他比他的兄弟年长。
This book is older than that one. 这本书比那一本旧一些。
（2）elder专用于同一个家庭成员之间的长幼对比，也有时指职位、身份较高的人，且只能用于形容人。例如：
Tom is my elder brother．汤姆是我的哥哥。
You are all elder statesmen．你们都是政治元老/资深政客。
9. by train/bus/ship/bike
结构为“by + 交通工具名称”构成表示交通方式的短语，意为“乘坐……”。例如：
by bike 骑自行车 by taxi 坐出租车 by train 坐火车
【拓展】表示交通方式的其它几种表达
（1）用“by + 交通工具名词”表示交通方式。例如：
by car乘小汽车 by bus 乘公共汽车
（2） 用“by + 交通路线的位置”来表示交通方式。例如：
by water 由水路 by land 从陆路 by sea 从海路 by air 乘飞机
（3） 用“in/on + 冠词/形容词性物主代词/指示代词 + 交通工具名词”表示交通方式。其中，in多用在car等交通工具之前，而on多用在bike/horse/bus/train/ship等交通工具之前，它们的用法与“by + 交通工具名词”的用法相同。例如：
She often goes to school on a/her bike.= She often goes to school by bike.
她经常骑自行车上学。
They went there on a bus.= They went there by bus. 他们乘公共汽车去那里。
（4）用“take + a/the + 交通工具名词”表示交通方式。例如：
take a train 乘火车 take a bus 乘公共汽车 take a ship 乘船 take a plane 乘飞机
【注意】“骑自行车”要翻译为“ride a bike”。
10. worry about
（1）worry可用作不及物动词或及物动词。作及物动词时，意为“使烦恼，使担忧”。作不及 物动词时，意为“发愁，担心，烦恼”，常与介词about连用。例如：
What’s worrying you 什么事使你烦恼？
Don’t worry about me. 不要为我担心。
Your parent is coming, don’t worry. 你的家长就要来了，不要担心。
（2）worry about sb./sth. 意为“为某人/某事而焦虑、烦恼、担心，担心某人/某事”。例如：
Don’t worry about me. 不要为我担心。
She worries about little things. 他为一些小事而烦恼。
【拓展】worry about与be worried about
worry about强调“担心”的动作，worry为动词；
be worried about侧重“担心”的状态，worried为形容词。例如：
Your mother will worry about you. 你妈妈会担心你。
Mrs. Brown is always worried about her son. 布朗夫人总是为她的儿子担心。
句式精讲
Where are you going （现在进行时表将来）
be going此处为“现在进行时表将来”。现在进行时表将来主要用于表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作，常有“意图”“安排”或“打算”的含义。这种现在进行时比较生动，给人一种期待感。go, come, leave等表示位移的动词，都可以用于现在进行时表将来。例如：
He is going. 他要走了。
I’m coming. 我要来了。
Tom is leaving. 汤姆要走了。
“be going to+动词原形”表将来
be going to意为“计划，打算”，后接动词原形，用于表将来。例如：
I’m going to wash the car if I have time. 若有时间我想洗洗车。
Where are we going to stay tonight 我们今晚住哪里？
help sb. with sth.
help sb with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”。例如：
I have to help my parents with the housework. 我得帮助我的父母做家务。
Can you help me with the work 你能帮助我做这项工作吗？
【拓展】与help相关的固定用法：
（1）help sb (to) do sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事”。例如：
Sometimes I help my mother do the cooking. 有时候我帮我母亲做饭。
（2）help oneself (to)意为“自用（食物）等”。例如：
Help yourself to some fish. 请随便吃些鱼。
（3）with the help of…意为“在……的帮助下”。此处help作名词。例如：
With the help of her, he found his lost child. 在她的帮助下，他找到了他失踪的孩子。
There is something wrong with sth.
句型There is something wrong with sth.意为“某物坏（失灵）了”。相当于Something is not working well.，还可以用Something is broken.替换。例如：
There is something wrong with my watch. 我的手表坏了。
Here is something wrong with my eyes. 我的眼睛出毛病了。
【拓展】There is nothing wrong with sth.“某物没有坏/出毛病”。
Is there anything wrong with sth.“某物出故障了吗？”例如：
There is nothing wrong with your computer. 你的电脑没问题。
Is there anything wrong with my legs 我的腿有毛病吗？
You’re welcome.
You’re welcome.意为“不用谢”。是对别人致谢时的答语。与其用法相同的还有：That’s all
right. /That ’s OK./Not at all.等。例如：
—Thanks for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。
—You’re welcome. 不用谢。
【拓展】welcome也可作动词，表示“欢迎”。例如：
They welcomed him with flowers. 他们用鲜花欢迎他的到来。
“will/shall+动词原形”表将来
“will/shall + 动词原形”表示的是将来事件，意为“将要做某事”，其中shall常用于第一人称的疑问句。否定形式是在will/shall后加not。will not可简写为won’t，shall not可简写为shan’t。例如：
I will go to Shanghai by plane. 我打算坐飞机去上海。
He won’t go home this weekend. 这周末他不回家。
题组A 基础过关练
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.We hope Daniel’s dream ____ (come) true when he grows up.
【答案】will come
【解析】
句意：我们希望丹尼尔长大后梦想成真。本句是主从复合句，主句是We hope，从句是Daniel’s dream ____ (come) true when he grows up，作hope的宾语。宾语从句中还有when引导的时间状语从句，when引导的时间状语从句，表达将来的事情，从句使用一般现在时，主句使用一般将来时。结合句意和所给词可知答案是will come。
2.Jimmy _____________ (not go) to the cinema tonight, because he has a lot of homework __________ (do)
【答案】 won’t go to do
【解析】
句意：吉米今晚不去看电影，因为他有很多作业要做。have sth. to do有某事要做；本句是原因状语从句。根据句意语境可知，主句用一般将来时“will + do”结构，结合英文提示可知，是否定句，故填won’t go； to do。
3.Look at the clouds in the sky, I think it ______________ (rain)
【答案】is going to rain
【解析】
句意：看天上的云，我想天要下雨了。根据句意语境和英文提示，可知用一般将来时表示“由迹象表明要发生什么事”，需用“be going to+ 原形动词”结构；it是单数第三人称，系词需用is，故填is going to rain。
4.Who _____________ (teach) us Maths next term Mr.Zhang will.
【答案】will teach
【解析】
句意：下学期谁教我们数学 张先生。next term下个学期，用于一般将来时，即“will + do”结构；根据句意语境和英文提示，可知填will teach。
5.To win the match, Simon hopes his brother ________ (join) football team.
【答案】will join
【解析】
句意：为了赢得这场比赛，西蒙希望他的哥哥加入足球队。根据“Simon hopes his brother…football team.”可知，加入足球队这个事情还未发生，要用一般将来时will do的结构，故填will join。
6.She _________(sing) Beijing opera at tomorrow’s party.
【答案】is going to sing
【解析】
句意：在明天的聚会上她要唱京剧。根据be going to do sth将要做某事，根据主语she，可知be动词用is，故填is going to sing。
7.An old friend of my ___________ (father) _____________ (see) him tonight
【答案】 father’s will see / is going to see
【解析】
句意：我父亲的一位老朋友今晚将要去看他。根据句意可知第一个空格应用father的名词所有格形式father’s，指“我父亲的一位老朋友”；由tonight可知句子时态用一般将来时，其结构为will+动词原形，或be going to+动词原形，主语是单数，所以be动词用is；故答案填(1). father’s (2). will see/is going to see。
8.If you get up late, you __________(miss) the early bus.
【答案】will miss
【解析】
句意：如果你起床晚了，你就会错过早班车。由题干可知本句是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，所以这里应用一般将来时态，其结构为：will+动词原形。故填will miss。
9.Go along Fifth Street, and you ________(see) the train station.
【答案】will see
【解析】
句意：沿着第五大街往前走，你就可以看到火车站。根据句意可知，这里表示将要发生的事情，故用一般将来时，故填will see。
10.－Who ____________(drive) you to school this afternoon － My uncle is.
【答案】is going to drive
【解析】
句意：--今天下午谁要开车送你去学校？--我的叔叔。根据时间状语this afternoon可知用一般将来时。一般将来时的的结构有will do 和 be going to do，根据后文My uncle is.可知用的是be going to do 的结构，故答案是is going to drive。
题组B 能力提升练
一、完型填空
Mr. Clarke works in a middle school. He likes reading and often __1__ some books from the library. He __2__ to the radio every morning and reads __3__ after supper. So he knows much and teaches well. His __4__ worship (崇拜) him very much.
Mike, Mr. Clarke’s little son, is only nine. He __5__ likes reading books. And he often asks his father some questions. But Mr. Clarke always thinks he’s very __6__ and he can’t understand him so he chooses __7__ ones to answer. Of course the boy is not satisfied with (对……满意) it.
One day, Mike reads __8__ about the electric lights (电灯) and is __9__ it.
When his father tells him to do some housework, the son goes on thinking of it. He asks the father __10__ questions, and his father answers all.
Then his father says proudly, “Fathers always know __11__ than sons!”
The boy thinks for a while and says, “ __12__.”
“Oh Why ”
Mike doesn’t answer but asks __13__, “Who invented the electric lights ”
“__14__.”answers Mr. Clarke.
“Why didn’t his father invent them, then ”
Looking at his son, Mr. Clarke didn’t know __15__ to answer it.
1.A.finds B.sells C.buys D.borrows
2.A.hears B.listens C.says D.reads
3.A.newspapers B.letters C.stories D.messages
4.A.teachers B.parents C.students D.classmates
5.A.also B.never C.even D.only
6.A.old B.young C.clever D.smart
7.A.difficult B.different C.easy D.the same
8.A.everything B.nothing C.anything D.something
9.A.good at B.interested in C.afraid of D.good for
10.A.little B.a little C.few D.a few
1.A.more B.bigger C.less D.smaller
2.A.I don’t think so B.I don’t know C.I think so D.I agree
3.A.sadly B.carefully C.funny D.quickly
4.A.Thomas Brown B.Allan Smith C.Thomas Edison D.Ron Jenkins
5.A.when B.how C.where D.what
【答案】1-5 DBACA 6-10 BCDBD 11-15 AADCB
【文章大意】
本文主要介绍了Mr. Clarke与他的儿子Mike之间的故事。
【解析】
1.句意：他喜欢阅读，经常从图书馆借书。finds发现、找到；sells卖；buys买；borrows借。根据“from the library”可知，此处是指从图书馆借书。故选D。
2.句意：他每天早上听收音机，晚饭后读报纸。 hears听到；listens听；says说；reads读。listen to“听”，固定短语。故选B。
3.句意：他每天早上听收音机，晚饭后读报纸。 newspapers报纸；letters信；stories故事；messages信息。根据“So he knows much and teaches well.”可知，他经常读报纸。故选A。
4.句意：他的学生们很崇拜他。 teachers教师；parents父母；students学生；classmates同学。根据“works in a middle school”可知，是学生崇拜他。故选C。
5.句意：他也喜欢阅读.。also也；never从不；even即使；only仅仅。根据“And he often asks his father some questions.” 可知，他看书后有问题，故此处指他的儿子也喜欢读书。故选A。
6.句意：克拉克先生总认为他太小了听不明白，因此他选择容易的回答。 old老的；young年轻的；clever聪明的；smart聪明的。too...to“太……而不能……”，爸爸认为儿子太小了而听不懂，故选B。
7.句意：克拉克先生总认为他太小了听不明白，因此他选择容易的回答。 difficult困难的；different不同的；easy容易的；the same相同的。根据前文“But Mr. Clarke always thinks he’s very…and he can’t understand him”可知，克拉克先生选择容易的问题回答。故选C。
8.句意：一天，麦克读到了关于电灯的文章，并对它感兴趣。everything每件事物；nothing没有东西；anything任何事物；something某事物。something用于肯定句，读书只是了解了一些关于电灯的知识，不会是所有的。故选D。
9.句意：一天，麦克读到了关于电灯的文章，并对它感兴趣。be good at擅长；be interested in对……感兴趣；be afraid of 害怕；be good for对……有好处。根据下文“When his father tells him to do some housework, the son goes on thinking of it.”可知，Mike对它感兴趣。故选B。
10.句意：他问爸爸一些问题，他爸爸回答所有的问题。little几乎没有；a little一些（修饰不可数名词）；few几乎没有；a few一些（修饰可数名词复数）。根据“questions”可知，此处指“问他爸爸一些问题”，应该用a few。故选D。
11.句意：爸爸总是知道的比儿子多。more更多的；bigger更大的；less更少的；smaller更小的。根据“his father answers all.”可知，克拉克先生认为： 爸爸总是知道的比儿子多。故选A。
12.句意：我不这么认为。I don’t think so我不这样认为；I don’t know我不知道；I think so我认为如此；I agree我同意。根据“Why didn’t his father invent them, then”可知，Mike不同意爸爸的观点。故选A。
13.句意：麦克没有回答，而是迅速地问“谁发明了电灯？”sadly难过地；carefully仔细地；funny有趣的；quickly迅速地。根据“Who invented the electric lights ”可知，Mike迅速地问他爸爸一个新问题。故选D。
14.句意：克拉克先生回答：“托马斯.爱迪生。”Thomas Brown托马斯.布朗；Allan Smith阿伦.史密斯；Thomas Edison托马斯.爱迪生；Ron Jenkins罗恩.詹金斯。根据常识可知，电灯是托马斯.爱迪生发明的。故选C。
15.句意：看着他的儿子，克拉克不知怎么回答了。when当……时；how怎样；where哪里；what什么。对于儿子的问题，他不知怎么回答了。故选B。
题组C 培优拔尖练
阅读理解
A
Do you like mice (老鼠) I think most people will say NO. People think mice are dirty and make people ill. Is that true Today, let’s talk about this kind of animal.
Many people think mice are nasty and that’s not true. In fact (事实上), mice wash their bodies a few times a day. Most mice like to live near people because they can get food and a good home easily. Mice are small animals. They can only live for one to three years and they can’t see things well.
Mice are good at climbing. They can climb trees quickly. Mice are also good at swimming. They can swim fast in the water. Mice are clever animals and they can learn things quickly. If you put them in a maze (迷宫), they can quickly find their way out.
Mice are very useful to scientists. Scientists usually use them to do some experiments (试验). We can also see mice in some films. Many children like Disney’s Mickey Mouse.
1.What can we learn from Paragraph (段落) Two
A.Mice don’t wash their bodies every day. B.Most mice live far from people.
C.Mice can live a very long life. D.Mice can’t see things well.
2.Mice can get out of a maze quickly because ________.
A.they are good at swimming B.they are clever
C.they can do experiments D.they run fast
3.The underlined word “nasty” means ________ in Chinese.
A.笨的 B.干净的 C.肮脏的 D.可爱的
4.According to the passage, which of the following sentence is NOT true
A.Most people don’t like mice. B.Mice climb trees quickly.
C.Mice are useful to everybody. D.Many children like Disney’s Mickey Mouse.
5.Why does the writer write the passage
A.To ask people to be away from mice. B.To tell people something about mice.
C.To ask people to work with mice. D.To ask people to help mice.
【答案】DBCCB
【文章大意】
本文主要介绍了一些与老鼠有关的信息，来扭转人们对老鼠不好的印象。
【解析】
细节理解题。根据“they can’t see things well”可知，它们看不清东西，故选D。
细节理解题。根据“Mice are clever animals and they can learn things quickly. If you put them in a maze (迷宫), they can quickly find their way out”可知，因为它们很聪明，故选B。
词义猜测题。根据“In fact (事实上), mice wash their bodies a few times a day”可知，此处解释老鼠并不脏，故选C。
推理判断题。根据“Mice are very useful to scientist”可知，老鼠对科学家是有用的，而不是每个人，所以C表述错误，故选C。
主旨大意题。根据“Today, let’s talk about this kind of animal”可知，本文是想告诉人们一些关于老鼠的事情，故选B。
B
Laura is at the airport (机场). She waits for her plane. Her plane is to Berlin, and it is 4 hours away. Laura walks around the shops.
After an hour she wants to go to the bathroom. But she doesn’t find it. “Where is the bathroom ” she says. She starts asking other people. Laura says to a man, “Excuse me, sir. Could you please tell me where the bathroom is ” The man says, “You mean the restroom, right ” Laura says, “No, I mean the bathroom.” “Well, the restroom is over there.” He says and walks away.
Laura doesn’t understand. She asks a woman, “Excuse me, Madam. Could you please tell me where the bathroom is ” The restroom is over there,” the lady answers and walks away. Laura is confused. “What’s wrong I need to use the bathroom and they tell me to rest!”
Then Laura gives up (放弃). She feels tired and thinks she needs to rest.
She walks to the restroom. Now she is surprised. She realized (意识到) the restroom is the name for a public (公共的) bathroom.
6.Laura will go to ________.
A.the airport B.the shop C.a restaurant D.Berlin
7.Laura asks ______ where the bathroom is.
A.a boy B.a man and a woman C.two men D.nobody
8.What’s the meaning of the underlined word “confused”
A.兴奋的 B.明白的 C.迷惑的 D.发怒的
9.The passage tells us ______.
A.the culture (文化) about language (语言) B.the rules (规则) at the airport
C.the people are not kind D.the restroom is for rest
【答案】DBCA
【文章大意】
本篇文章主要讲述劳拉在等飞机时想去卫生间，但是由于语言文化的差异，一直没明白对方的含义。当她找到人们口中的“restroom”，才发现“restroom”就是“bathroom”的意思。
【解析】
细节理解题。根据“Her plane is to Berlin, and it is 4 hours away.她的飞机去柏林，还有4个小时。”可知，劳拉将要去柏林。故选D。
细节理解题。根据“Laura says to a man, ‘Excuse me, sir. Could you please tell me where the bathroom is ’”以及“She asks a woman, ‘Excuse me, madam, Could you please tell me where the bathroom is ’”可知，劳拉询问“卫生间在哪”一共问了两个人，即一个男人和一个女人。故选B。
8.词义猜测题。根据下文“‘What’s wrong I need to use the bathroom and they tell me to rest!’”可知，“怎么回事？我需要去卫生间，他们告诉我去休息！”由此可推断，两个人的回答让劳拉感到很“迷惑”，因此，画线部分单词的意思是“迷惑的”。故选C。
9.主旨大意题。本文主要讲述劳拉要去卫生间，所以劳拉说bathroom“卫生间”，而其他人说restroom“卫生间”，这是语言的文化。故选A。
词句精讲精练
词汇精讲
1. like
like 作介词，意为“像；与……相似”，对应的反义词为unlike。短语look like表示“看起来像……”。例如：
Draw it like this! 照这样画！
She looks like her mother. 她长得像她妈妈。
【拓展】like与as
like与as作介词，都有“像”的意思。但有一定区别。
（1）like意为“像……一样”。用于相似关系，即两者在形态上或性质上有相似之处，但并不等于。
（2）as意为“作为；以……身份”。用于说明同一关系，即两者实为一体。
例如：
She talks to me like my mother. 她像我妈妈那样跟我说话。（她不是我妈妈）
She talks to me as a mother. 她以妈妈的身份跟我说话。（她是我妈妈）
most of
most of意为“……中的大多数”，后面接可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；也可接不可数名词，此时谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：
Most of them are going off to Guangzhou next week.
他们中的多数人都准备下星期去广州。
Most of the water is clean. 大部分水是干净的。
【注意】
most of 后的名词是单数时，谓语动词也用单数形式。
例如：Most of the apple is red. 这个苹果大部分是红的。
something与anything
something作不定代词，意为“某事，某物”，多用于肯定句中。在疑问句和否定句中常用anything；否定句中常用nothing。作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。anything还有“任何事物”的意思。
例如：
Something happens. 有事发生了。
I’d like something to eat. 我想吃点东西。
Is there anything wrong with your bike 你自行车是不是出问题了
Anything is possible. 一切皆有可能。
【注意】
（1）在很有礼貌的问某人要吃什么和喝什么时，应该使用something。这是一种特殊的用法。
例如：
—I feel a bit hungry. 我感觉有点儿饿。
—Why don’t you have some bread 吃些面包怎么样
Would you like something to drink 想喝点什么吗？
（2）在表示请求、建议或征求意见的疑问句中常用some或something。在表达“任何”这一含义时肯定句中常用any或anything。例如：
You can get it in any department store. 这东西你在哪个百货商店都买得到。
I believe anything he says. 我相信他所说的任何话。
be ready to do sth.
be ready to do sth.意为“准备做某事/愿意做某事”。
例如：
He is always ready to help others. 他随时准备帮助他人。
I’ll be ready to leave. 我准备离开。
【拓展】be/get ready for意为“为……做准备”。
例如：
They are ready for the party. 他们为聚会做好了准备。
All the students are getting ready for the sports meeting. 所有学生都在为运动会做准备。
5. do some shopping
动词do后跟动名词形式构成短语，动名词作do的宾语，具有名词性质，可以用some或the 修饰。
例如：
do some reading 阅读 do some washing 洗涮 do some cooking 做饭
do some swimming 游泳 do some reading 练习阅读 do some listening 练习听力
6. make a fire
fire作不可数名词，意为“火”。make a fire是固定短语，意为“生火”。
例如：
Keep away with fire. 切勿近火。
We can make a fire to keep the room warm. 我们可以生火让房间温暖起来。
【拓展】由make构成的词组有：
make noise发出噪音 make friends交朋友
make tea沏茶 make money赚钱
make a living谋生 make trouble 制造麻烦
make a sentence造句 make the bed铺床
make a decision决定 make a speech演讲
7. job与work
work和job作名词是同义词，都有“工作、职业”的意思。不过，它们之间还是有些区别的。
（1）job是可数名词，指特定工作。work是不可数名词，泛指工作。我们可以说a job，不能说a work。例如：
Peter has a good job in a bank. 彼得在一家银行有份很好的工作。
Tom changed jobs many times. 汤姆换了很多工作。
Looking after three cats is not easy work. 照顾三只猫咪可不是件容易事。
（2）上班用英文讲是go to work。这是一个固定搭配，我们不能说go to a job。例如：
My father goes to work at 8 am. 我爸爸八点上班。
（3）job只能用作名词，work还可以用作动词，不仅有“上班、工作”的意思，还可以作“努力”或“从事”来讲。例如：
Both of my parents work. 我父母都工作。
If you work hard, you will speak English well. 只要你努力，你的英语就会讲得很好。
8. elder与older
elder为形容词old的比较级形式，意为“年长的”。同时old还对应有一个比较级形式older，注意二者之间的区别。
【拓展】older, elder的区别：
（1）older 通常用于比较两个人的年龄大小或者两个物体之间的新旧程度。例如：
He is older than his brother. 他比他的兄弟年长。
This book is older than that one. 这本书比那一本旧一些。
（2）elder专用于同一个家庭成员之间的长幼对比，也有时指职位、身份较高的人，且只能用于形容人。例如：
Tom is my elder brother．汤姆是我的哥哥。
You are all elder statesmen．你们都是政治元老/资深政客。
9. by train/bus/ship/bike
结构为“by + 交通工具名称”构成表示交通方式的短语，意为“乘坐……”。例如：
by bike 骑自行车 by taxi 坐出租车 by train 坐火车
【拓展】表示交通方式的其它几种表达
（1）用“by + 交通工具名词”表示交通方式。例如：
by car乘小汽车 by bus 乘公共汽车
（2） 用“by + 交通路线的位置”来表示交通方式。例如：
by water 由水路 by land 从陆路 by sea 从海路 by air 乘飞机
（3） 用“in/on + 冠词/形容词性物主代词/指示代词 + 交通工具名词”表示交通方式。其中，in多用在car等交通工具之前，而on多用在bike/horse/bus/train/ship等交通工具之前，它们的用法与“by + 交通工具名词”的用法相同。例如：
She often goes to school on a/her bike.= She often goes to school by bike.
她经常骑自行车上学。
They went there on a bus.= They went there by bus. 他们乘公共汽车去那里。
（4）用“take + a/the + 交通工具名词”表示交通方式。例如：
take a train 乘火车 take a bus 乘公共汽车 take a ship 乘船 take a plane 乘飞机
【注意】“骑自行车”要翻译为“ride a bike”。
10. worry about
（1）worry可用作不及物动词或及物动词。作及物动词时，意为“使烦恼，使担忧”。作不及 物动词时，意为“发愁，担心，烦恼”，常与介词about连用。例如：
What’s worrying you 什么事使你烦恼？
Don’t worry about me. 不要为我担心。
Your parent is coming, don’t worry. 你的家长就要来了，不要担心。
（2）worry about sb./sth. 意为“为某人/某事而焦虑、烦恼、担心，担心某人/某事”。例如：
Don’t worry about me. 不要为我担心。
She worries about little things. 他为一些小事而烦恼。
【拓展】worry about与be worried about
worry about强调“担心”的动作，worry为动词；
be worried about侧重“担心”的状态，worried为形容词。例如：
Your mother will worry about you. 你妈妈会担心你。
Mrs. Brown is always worried about her son. 布朗夫人总是为她的儿子担心。
句式精讲
Where are you going （现在进行时表将来）
be going此处为“现在进行时表将来”。现在进行时表将来主要用于表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作，常有“意图”“安排”或“打算”的含义。这种现在进行时比较生动，给人一种期待感。go, come, leave等表示位移的动词，都可以用于现在进行时表将来。例如：
He is going. 他要走了。
I’m coming. 我要来了。
Tom is leaving. 汤姆要走了。
“be going to+动词原形”表将来
be going to意为“计划，打算”，后接动词原形，用于表将来。例如：
I’m going to wash the car if I have time. 若有时间我想洗洗车。
Where are we going to stay tonight 我们今晚住哪里？
help sb. with sth.
help sb with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”。例如：
I have to help my parents with the housework. 我得帮助我的父母做家务。
Can you help me with the work 你能帮助我做这项工作吗？
【拓展】与help相关的固定用法：
（1）help sb (to) do sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事”。例如：
Sometimes I help my mother do the cooking. 有时候我帮我母亲做饭。
（2）help oneself (to)意为“自用（食物）等”。例如：
Help yourself to some fish. 请随便吃些鱼。
（3）with the help of…意为“在……的帮助下”。此处help作名词。例如：
With the help of her, he found his lost child. 在她的帮助下，他找到了他失踪的孩子。
There is something wrong with sth.
句型There is something wrong with sth.意为“某物坏（失灵）了”。相当于Something is not working well.，还可以用Something is broken.替换。例如：
There is something wrong with my watch. 我的手表坏了。
Here is something wrong with my eyes. 我的眼睛出毛病了。
【拓展】There is nothing wrong with sth.“某物没有坏/出毛病”。
Is there anything wrong with sth.“某物出故障了吗？”例如：
There is nothing wrong with your computer. 你的电脑没问题。
Is there anything wrong with my legs 我的腿有毛病吗？
You’re welcome.
You’re welcome.意为“不用谢”。是对别人致谢时的答语。与其用法相同的还有：That’s all
right. /That ’s OK./Not at all.等。例如：
—Thanks for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。
—You’re welcome. 不用谢。
【拓展】welcome也可作动词，表示“欢迎”。例如：
They welcomed him with flowers. 他们用鲜花欢迎他的到来。
“will/shall+动词原形”表将来
“will/shall + 动词原形”表示的是将来事件，意为“将要做某事”，其中shall常用于第一人称的疑问句。否定形式是在will/shall后加not。will not可简写为won’t，shall not可简写为shan’t。例如：
I will go to Shanghai by plane. 我打算坐飞机去上海。
He won’t go home this weekend. 这周末他不回家。
题组A 基础过关练
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.We hope Daniel’s dream ____ (come) true when he grows up.
【答案】will come
【解析】
句意：我们希望丹尼尔长大后梦想成真。本句是主从复合句，主句是We hope，从句是Daniel’s dream ____ (come) true when he grows up，作hope的宾语。宾语从句中还有when引导的时间状语从句，when引导的时间状语从句，表达将来的事情，从句使用一般现在时，主句使用一般将来时。结合句意和所给词可知答案是will come。
2.Jimmy _____________ (not go) to the cinema tonight, because he has a lot of homework __________ (do)
【答案】 won’t go to do
【解析】
句意：吉米今晚不去看电影，因为他有很多作业要做。have sth. to do有某事要做；本句是原因状语从句。根据句意语境可知，主句用一般将来时“will + do”结构，结合英文提示可知，是否定句，故填won’t go； to do。
3.Look at the clouds in the sky, I think it ______________ (rain)
【答案】is going to rain
【解析】
句意：看天上的云，我想天要下雨了。根据句意语境和英文提示，可知用一般将来时表示“由迹象表明要发生什么事”，需用“be going to+ 原形动词”结构；it是单数第三人称，系词需用is，故填is going to rain。
4.Who _____________ (teach) us Maths next term Mr.Zhang will.
【答案】will teach
【解析】
句意：下学期谁教我们数学 张先生。next term下个学期，用于一般将来时，即“will + do”结构；根据句意语境和英文提示，可知填will teach。
5.To win the match, Simon hopes his brother ________ (join) football team.
【答案】will join
【解析】
句意：为了赢得这场比赛，西蒙希望他的哥哥加入足球队。根据“Simon hopes his brother…football team.”可知，加入足球队这个事情还未发生，要用一般将来时will do的结构，故填will join。
6.She _________(sing) Beijing opera at tomorrow’s party.
【答案】is going to sing
【解析】
句意：在明天的聚会上她要唱京剧。根据be going to do sth将要做某事，根据主语she，可知be动词用is，故填is going to sing。
7.An old friend of my ___________ (father) _____________ (see) him tonight
【答案】 father’s will see / is going to see
【解析】
句意：我父亲的一位老朋友今晚将要去看他。根据句意可知第一个空格应用father的名词所有格形式father’s，指“我父亲的一位老朋友”；由tonight可知句子时态用一般将来时，其结构为will+动词原形，或be going to+动词原形，主语是单数，所以be动词用is；故答案填(1). father’s (2). will see/is going to see。
8.If you get up late, you __________(miss) the early bus.
【答案】will miss
【解析】
句意：如果你起床晚了，你就会错过早班车。由题干可知本句是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，所以这里应用一般将来时态，其结构为：will+动词原形。故填will miss。
9.Go along Fifth Street, and you ________(see) the train station.
【答案】will see
【解析】
句意：沿着第五大街往前走，你就可以看到火车站。根据句意可知，这里表示将要发生的事情，故用一般将来时，故填will see。
10.－Who ____________(drive) you to school this afternoon － My uncle is.
【答案】is going to drive
【解析】
句意：--今天下午谁要开车送你去学校？--我的叔叔。根据时间状语this afternoon可知用一般将来时。一般将来时的的结构有will do 和 be going to do，根据后文My uncle is.可知用的是be going to do 的结构，故答案是is going to drive。
题组B 能力提升练
一、完型填空
Mr. Clarke works in a middle school. He likes reading and often __1__ some books from the library. He __2__ to the radio every morning and reads __3__ after supper. So he knows much and teaches well. His __4__ worship (崇拜) him very much.
Mike, Mr. Clarke’s little son, is only nine. He __5__ likes reading books. And he often asks his father some questions. But Mr. Clarke always thinks he’s very __6__ and he can’t understand him so he chooses __7__ ones to answer. Of course the boy is not satisfied with (对……满意) it.
One day, Mike reads __8__ about the electric lights (电灯) and is __9__ it.
When his father tells him to do some housework, the son goes on thinking of it. He asks the father __10__ questions, and his father answers all.
Then his father says proudly, “Fathers always know __11__ than sons!”
The boy thinks for a while and says, “ __12__.”
“Oh Why ”
Mike doesn’t answer but asks __13__, “Who invented the electric lights ”
“__14__.”answers Mr. Clarke.
“Why didn’t his father invent them, then ”
Looking at his son, Mr. Clarke didn’t know __15__ to answer it.
1.A.finds B.sells C.buys D.borrows
2.A.hears B.listens C.says D.reads
3.A.newspapers B.letters C.stories D.messages
4.A.teachers B.parents C.students D.classmates
5.A.also B.never C.even D.only
6.A.old B.young C.clever D.smart
7.A.difficult B.different C.easy D.the same
8.A.everything B.nothing C.anything D.something
9.A.good at B.interested in C.afraid of D.good for
10.A.little B.a little C.few D.a few
1.A.more B.bigger C.less D.smaller
2.A.I don’t think so B.I don’t know C.I think so D.I agree
3.A.sadly B.carefully C.funny D.quickly
4.A.Thomas Brown B.Allan Smith C.Thomas Edison D.Ron Jenkins
5.A.when B.how C.where D.what
【答案】1-5 DBACA 6-10 BCDBD 11-15 AADCB
【文章大意】
本文主要介绍了Mr. Clarke与他的儿子Mike之间的故事。
【解析】
1.句意：他喜欢阅读，经常从图书馆借书。finds发现、找到；sells卖；buys买；borrows借。根据“from the library”可知，此处是指从图书馆借书。故选D。
2.句意：他每天早上听收音机，晚饭后读报纸。 hears听到；listens听；says说；reads读。listen to“听”，固定短语。故选B。
3.句意：他每天早上听收音机，晚饭后读报纸。 newspapers报纸；letters信；stories故事；messages信息。根据“So he knows much and teaches well.”可知，他经常读报纸。故选A。
4.句意：他的学生们很崇拜他。 teachers教师；parents父母；students学生；classmates同学。根据“works in a middle school”可知，是学生崇拜他。故选C。
5.句意：他也喜欢阅读.。also也；never从不；even即使；only仅仅。根据“And he often asks his father some questions.” 可知，他看书后有问题，故此处指他的儿子也喜欢读书。故选A。
6.句意：克拉克先生总认为他太小了听不明白，因此他选择容易的回答。 old老的；young年轻的；clever聪明的；smart聪明的。too...to“太……而不能……”，爸爸认为儿子太小了而听不懂，故选B。
7.句意：克拉克先生总认为他太小了听不明白，因此他选择容易的回答。 difficult困难的；different不同的；easy容易的；the same相同的。根据前文“But Mr. Clarke always thinks he’s very…and he can’t understand him”可知，克拉克先生选择容易的问题回答。故选C。
8.句意：一天，麦克读到了关于电灯的文章，并对它感兴趣。everything每件事物；nothing没有东西；anything任何事物；something某事物。something用于肯定句，读书只是了解了一些关于电灯的知识，不会是所有的。故选D。
9.句意：一天，麦克读到了关于电灯的文章，并对它感兴趣。be good at擅长；be interested in对……感兴趣；be afraid of 害怕；be good for对……有好处。根据下文“When his father tells him to do some housework, the son goes on thinking of it.”可知，Mike对它感兴趣。故选B。
10.句意：他问爸爸一些问题，他爸爸回答所有的问题。little几乎没有；a little一些（修饰不可数名词）；few几乎没有；a few一些（修饰可数名词复数）。根据“questions”可知，此处指“问他爸爸一些问题”，应该用a few。故选D。
11.句意：爸爸总是知道的比儿子多。more更多的；bigger更大的；less更少的；smaller更小的。根据“his father answers all.”可知，克拉克先生认为： 爸爸总是知道的比儿子多。故选A。
12.句意：我不这么认为。I don’t think so我不这样认为；I don’t know我不知道；I think so我认为如此；I agree我同意。根据“Why didn’t his father invent them, then”可知，Mike不同意爸爸的观点。故选A。
13.句意：麦克没有回答，而是迅速地问“谁发明了电灯？”sadly难过地；carefully仔细地；funny有趣的；quickly迅速地。根据“Who invented the electric lights ”可知，Mike迅速地问他爸爸一个新问题。故选D。
14.句意：克拉克先生回答：“托马斯.爱迪生。”Thomas Brown托马斯.布朗；Allan Smith阿伦.史密斯；Thomas Edison托马斯.爱迪生；Ron Jenkins罗恩.詹金斯。根据常识可知，电灯是托马斯.爱迪生发明的。故选C。
15.句意：看着他的儿子，克拉克不知怎么回答了。when当……时；how怎样；where哪里；what什么。对于儿子的问题，他不知怎么回答了。故选B。
题组C 培优拔尖练
阅读理解
A
Do you like mice (老鼠) I think most people will say NO. People think mice are dirty and make people ill. Is that true Today, let’s talk about this kind of animal.
Many people think mice are nasty and that’s not true. In fact (事实上), mice wash their bodies a few times a day. Most mice like to live near people because they can get food and a good home easily. Mice are small animals. They can only live for one to three years and they can’t see things well.
Mice are good at climbing. They can climb trees quickly. Mice are also good at swimming. They can swim fast in the water. Mice are clever animals and they can learn things quickly. If you put them in a maze (迷宫), they can quickly find their way out.
Mice are very useful to scientists. Scientists usually use them to do some experiments (试验). We can also see mice in some films. Many children like Disney’s Mickey Mouse.
1.What can we learn from Paragraph (段落) Two
A.Mice don’t wash their bodies every day. B.Most mice live far from people.
C.Mice can live a very long life. D.Mice can’t see things well.
2.Mice can get out of a maze quickly because ________.
A.they are good at swimming B.they are clever
C.they can do experiments D.they run fast
3.The underlined word “nasty” means ________ in Chinese.
A.笨的 B.干净的 C.肮脏的 D.可爱的
4.According to the passage, which of the following sentence is NOT true
A.Most people don’t like mice. B.Mice climb trees quickly.
C.Mice are useful to everybody. D.Many children like Disney’s Mickey Mouse.
5.Why does the writer write the passage
A.To ask people to be away from mice. B.To tell people something about mice.
C.To ask people to work with mice. D.To ask people to help mice.
【答案】DBCCB
【文章大意】
本文主要介绍了一些与老鼠有关的信息，来扭转人们对老鼠不好的印象。
【解析】
细节理解题。根据“they can’t see things well”可知，它们看不清东西，故选D。
细节理解题。根据“Mice are clever animals and they can learn things quickly. If you put them in a maze (迷宫), they can quickly find their way out”可知，因为它们很聪明，故选B。
词义猜测题。根据“In fact (事实上), mice wash their bodies a few times a day”可知，此处解释老鼠并不脏，故选C。
推理判断题。根据“Mice are very useful to scientist”可知，老鼠对科学家是有用的，而不是每个人，所以C表述错误，故选C。
主旨大意题。根据“Today, let’s talk about this kind of animal”可知，本文是想告诉人们一些关于老鼠的事情，故选B。
B
Laura is at the airport (机场). She waits for her plane. Her plane is to Berlin, and it is 4 hours away. Laura walks around the shops.
After an hour she wants to go to the bathroom. But she doesn’t find it. “Where is the bathroom ” she says. She starts asking other people. Laura says to a man, “Excuse me, sir. Could you please tell me where the bathroom is ” The man says, “You mean the restroom, right ” Laura says, “No, I mean the bathroom.” “Well, the restroom is over there.” He says and walks away.
Laura doesn’t understand. She asks a woman, “Excuse me, Madam. Could you please tell me where the bathroom is ” The restroom is over there,” the lady answers and walks away. Laura is confused. “What’s wrong I need to use the bathroom and they tell me to rest!”
Then Laura gives up (放弃). She feels tired and thinks she needs to rest.
She walks to the restroom. Now she is surprised. She realized (意识到) the restroom is the name for a public (公共的) bathroom.
6.Laura will go to ________.
A.the airport B.the shop C.a restaurant D.Berlin
7.Laura asks ______ where the bathroom is.
A.a boy B.a man and a woman C.two men D.nobody
8.What’s the meaning of the underlined word “confused”
A.兴奋的 B.明白的 C.迷惑的 D.发怒的
9.The passage tells us ______.
A.the culture (文化) about language (语言) B.the rules (规则) at the airport
C.the people are not kind D.the restroom is for rest
【答案】DBCA
【文章大意】
本篇文章主要讲述劳拉在等飞机时想去卫生间，但是由于语言文化的差异，一直没明白对方的含义。当她找到人们口中的“restroom”，才发现“restroom”就是“bathroom”的意思。
【解析】
细节理解题。根据“Her plane is to Berlin, and it is 4 hours away.她的飞机去柏林，还有4个小时。”可知，劳拉将要去柏林。故选D。
细节理解题。根据“Laura says to a man, ‘Excuse me, sir. Could you please tell me where the bathroom is ’”以及“She asks a woman, ‘Excuse me, madam, Could you please tell me where the bathroom is ’”可知，劳拉询问“卫生间在哪”一共问了两个人，即一个男人和一个女人。故选B。
8.词义猜测题。根据下文“‘What’s wrong I need to use the bathroom and they tell me to rest!’”可知，“怎么回事？我需要去卫生间，他们告诉我去休息！”由此可推断，两个人的回答让劳拉感到很“迷惑”，因此，画线部分单词的意思是“迷惑的”。故选C。
9.主旨大意题。本文主要讲述劳拉要去卫生间，所以劳拉说bathroom“卫生间”，而其他人说restroom“卫生间”，这是语言的文化。故选A。