Unit 1 Dream Homes 词句精讲精练（含解析）牛津译林版英语七年级下册

Unit 1 Dream homes
【词汇精讲】
1. next to
（1）next to意为“紧邻，在……近旁”相当于介词beside或者短语close to，后接表示地点的名词或者代词。例如：
His room is next to mine. = His room is beside mine.
他的房间紧挨着我的房间。
（2）next to还可以意为“仅次于”。例如：
It is the largest city next to London. 这是仅次于伦敦的最大都市。
2. capital
（1）capital 名词，意为“首都，省会”。“the capital of …”意为“……的首都”。例如：
Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。
（2）capital 作名词还可以意为“省会，大写字母”。例如：
Zhengzhou is the capital of Henan Province. 郑州是河南省的省会。
3. centre
centre 名词，意为“中心”，“in the centre of …”意为“在……的中心”。例如：
The tower is in the centre of the town. 那座塔位于城镇的中心。
There is a big table in the centre of the room. 房子中央有一个大桌子。
【拓展】 centre 和 middle的辨析
（1）centre 指圆形，球形或市区等的中心。例如：
the centre of the circle 圆心
（2）middle 指长形物体的中间、道路的中间或者一段时间的中间。例如：
in the middle of the road 在路中间
in the middle of night 在午夜
4. share
share 动词，意为“合用，分享”。例如：
There aren’t enough books, so we have to share. 书不够，所以我们必须得合用。
They don’t want to share a taxi. 他们不想合乘一辆出租车。
share sth. with sb. 意为“与某人合用/分享某物”。例如：
I share a room with my elder sister. 我和姐姐共用一个房间。
5. own
（1）own形容词，意为“自己的”，常与形容词性物主代词连用。“one’s own…”意为“某人自己的……”。例如：
She has her own home. 她有自己的家。
（2）own还可以作动词，表示“拥有”，相当于have。例如：
I own a new flat. 我有一个新的公寓。
（3）owner 是own的名词形式，意为“主人，拥有者”。例如：
He is the owner of the car. 他是这辆小汽车的主人。
（4）own常用的搭配还有：
1）of one’s own 意为“属于某人自己的，自己独有的”。例如：
He has a room of his own. 他有属于他自己的房间。
2）on one’s own 意为“单独，独自”。例如：
You can’t expect him on his own. 你不能期望他独自一个人做那件事。
6. hundred
hundred是数词，意为“百”，当表示具体的“几百”时，用“基数词 + hundred”，注意不加-s。例如：
There are nine hundred students in our school. 我们学校有900名学生。
【拓展】
（1）hundreds of 表示“数百，成百上千的”，这时hundred后要加-s，且后面有介词of，但是不能与数词连用。例如：
There are hundreds of people in the restaurant. 在餐馆里有成百上千的人。
（2）表示数词的还有thousand“千”，million“百万”，billion“十亿”。它们的用法和hundred一样，可以用来表示约数和确数。
7. over
（1）over 为介词，有“超过，多于”的含义，相当于more than。
例如：There are over 50 students in our class, 在我们班里有50多名学生。
（2）over作介词还可以表示“在……上方”。
例如： There is a bridge over the river. 河上有座桥。
（3）over作副词， 表示“完了，结束”。常作表语。
例如：Class is over. 下课了。
（4）常见的over构成的短语有：
go over 检查 all over 遍及，整个 over and over 反复 over there 在那边
8. shower
（1）shower 名词，意为“阵雨，淋浴”；take a shower 意为“洗澡，洗淋浴”，等于have a shower。shower前面可以加形容词来修饰。例如：
I often take a shower in the evening. 我经常在晚上洗澡。
I take a cold shower when I feel tired. 我感到累时就洗个冷水澡。
（2）类似于“take a shower=have a shower”这样的用法还有：
take a look= have a look 看一看 take a seat = have a seat 坐下，入座
take a rest = have a rest 休息一下
9. be full of
be full of意为“充满”，相当于be filled with。例如：
The glass is full of water.=The glass is filled with water. 杯子里装满了水。
The classroom is full of different boys and girls. 教室里挤满了不同的男孩女孩。o 或
10. take a message
message 名词，意为“消息，音信”。“take a message”意为“传个话，捎个口信”，“leave a message”意为“留言”。例如：
Can I take a message for you 我能给你传个话吗？
Your friend left a message for you. 你的朋友给你留言了。
【拓展】辨析news与message
news是不可数名词，意为“消息，新闻”,指通过广播、电视及报纸报道的事。例如：
I like listening to news on the radio. 我喜欢听广播新闻。
message是可数名词，意为“口信，消息”，指通过口头或笔头传递给他人的消息。例如：
Sorry，he isn’t in. Could you leave a message
对不起，他不在家，请你留个口信好吗？
11. field
（1）field 用作名词，意为“地，田“，复数形式为fields。例如：
a wheat field 麦田 work in the field 在田间工作
grow rice in the field 在田里种植水稻
（2）field 可以指某些必须具备特殊场地的球类运动，如：高尔夫球、足球、棒球以及垒球等的场地。例如：
football field 足球场 golf field 高尔夫球场 baseball field 棒球场
12. stay
（1）stay 作不及物动词，意为“停留，逗留”。例如：
Some students like to stay out after school. 放学后一些学生喜欢在外逗留。
stay 常见的搭配有：
stay at home 呆在家里 stay away from school/work 不上学/班
stay up 深夜不睡，熬夜
（2）stay 可以用来表示将某种情况保持在某种状态或者过程中，作此用法相当于连系动词，后面接形容词作表语。例如：
The shop stays open until ten at night. 这家商店营业到晚上10点钟。
（3）stay 作名词，意为“逗留，停留”。例如：
She enjoyed her stay with her sister. 她在她妹妹那儿过的很愉快。
【句式精讲】
I’d like to live next to a restaurant.
（1）“I’d like to”是“I would like to”的缩写，would意为“想”，是情态动词，常与like连用。在英语中“would like”是一个常用的结构，意为“想，愿意”，用来表示主语的意愿。“would like sth./to do sth.”意为“想要某物/做某事”，表示“想要做某事”时，可以和“sb. want to do sth. ”替换，但是“would you like...”的语气要更加的委婉。例如：He would like some fruit.他想要一些水果。
I’d like to have a rest.我想要休息一下。
I’d like to make friends with you. = I want to make friends with you.
我想要和你交朋友。
（2） would like sb. to do sth.“想要某人做某事”。例如：
I’d like you to meet my parents.我想要你见见我父母。
Would you like him to help your daughter with her English
你想要他帮你女儿学英语吗？
（3）这样的句式变成一般疑问句时，把would提前，意为“想要做……吗？”；变成否定句时，在would的后面加not，意为“不想做……”。
例如：Would you like to show me your new camera
你愿意把你的新照相机给我看看吗？
I wouldn’t like to go to the movies. 我不想去电影院。
2. I always have fun with my dog there.
fun为不可数名词，意为“娱乐，乐趣”，可用much；lots of；a lot of等修饰。have fun意为“玩得高兴，有趣”，相当于have a good time或enjoy oneself，其后接可接“doing sth.或with sth.”。例如：
We had fun talking and playing with him. 我们和他一起聊天，玩得很高兴。
He has fun with computer games. 他玩电脑游戏很开心。
【拓展】
fun的形容词为funny，意为“有趣的，可笑的”。
例如：He often tells me lots of funny stories.
他经常给我讲许多有趣的故事。
3. Can you ask him to call me back
（1）ask sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”，其否定形式为ask sb. not to do sth.“让某人不要做某事”。例如：
I often ask him to help me with my housework. 我经常让他帮助我做家务。
My mother asked me not to read in the sun.　妈妈让我不要在太阳下看书。
（2）ask sb. sth. “问某人某事”；“ask for sth.”意为“请求某事，要某物”，相当于“want sth.”。例如：
Can I ask you some questions 我能问你一些问题吗？
Please ask for help if you have some problems. 如果你有问题，请寻求帮助。
ask sb. for sth.“向某人要某物”。例如：
If you don’t find the way to the school, please ask a policeman for help.
如果你找不到去学校的路，请找警察帮忙。
4. I would like to invite my friends to watch films with me at the weekend.
本句中的invite是及物动词，意为“邀请”，常用于下列结构：
（1）invite sb. 邀请某人 例如：
Do you invite the friends in Beijing 你邀请北京的朋友了吗？
（2）invite sb. to some place邀请某人去某地 例如：
Why don’t you invite them to our school 为什么不邀请他们来我们学校？
（3）invite sb. to (have) dinner邀请某人吃饭 例如：
Li Lin often invites me to (have) dinner. 李林经常邀请我吃饭。
（4）invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 例如：
We invited our parents to come to our party. 我们邀请我们的父母来参加聚会。
题组A 基础过关练
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.Would you like to help the people in some poor _______ (area)
【答案】areas
【解析】
句意：你愿意帮助一些贫困地区的人吗？some可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词，area地区，为可数名词，复数为areas。故填areas。
2.We celebrated the ________ birthday of the Communist Party of China on July 1, 2021. (hundred)
【答案】hundredth
【解析】
句意：我们在2021年7月1日庆祝了中国共产党的一百岁生日。根据空前的“the”和空后的“birthday”可知，应该填的是hundred“一百”的序数词the hundredth“第一百”，故填hundredth。
3.Betty hopes to give her father an unusual gift on his ________ (forty) birthday.
【答案】fortieth
【解析】
句意：Betty希望在她父亲四十岁生日那天给他一份不同寻常的礼物。根据空前的“on his”和空后的“birthday”可知，应该填的是forty的序数词fortieth“第四十”表顺序，故填fortieth。
4.Our new term usually begins in September. It’s the ________ (nine) month of a year.
【答案】ninth
【解析】
句意：我们的新学期一般九月开始。是一年的第九个月。根据定冠词“the”和单数名词“month”可知表达顺序“第九”，用序数词“ninth”。故填ninth。
5.The ____________ (twelve) floor of the building is a big dining hall.
【答案】twelfth
【解析】
句意：大楼的第十二层是一个大餐厅。根据“The...floor of the building is a big dining hall.”可知，空处应填序数词表示顺序，此处指第十二层，twelfth“第十二”，符合语境。故填twelfth。
6.The Eiffel Tower is about 1,063 ________ (foot) tall.
【答案】feet
【解析】
句意：埃菲尔铁塔大约有1063英尺高。根据“1,063 ... (foot) tall”可知介绍埃菲尔铁塔的高度，此处缺少量词，再由提示词“foot”可知用feet表示“英尺”。故填feet。
7.He looks as though he hasn’t had a ________ meal for weeks. (square)
【答案】square
【解析】
句意：他看起来好像好几个星期没吃一顿饱饭了。square正方形的，形容词；square meal表示“饱餐，美餐”。故填square。
8.We have different ________ (size): small, medium and large bowls.
【答案】sizes
【解析】
句意：我们有不同的大小：小碗、中碗和大碗。根据“small, medium and large bowls”可知有不同的三种大小，用size的复数形式sizes。故填sizes。
题组B 能力提升练
一、完型填空
My dream home is very big and clean. It is near the 1 . I can watch the sea and 2 volleyball on the beach.
My grandparents live 3 us in the big house. 4 room is 5 the first floor. I always chat with them and 6 some housework on the weekend. On the 7 floor, there is a kitchen and a dining room. All the family 8 will have dinner there.
My bedroom, study and bathroom are on the third floor. There is a big balcony in my bedroom. I can play games, read books and chat 9 my friends there. The furniture（家具）in my house is all made of wood. It is good 10 my health. I like 11 to music while reading books in my bedroom. I always ask my friends 12 here. My parents' room is on the fourth floor. It's 13 very big and clean.
There is a big and nice garden behind the big house. There are many flowers and 14 tall trees in it. In summer, I can sit under the trees with my family. Behind the garden, there is a swimming pool. I can 15 freely in it. I think it is very comfortable to live in my dream home.
1.A.river B.sea C.ground D.school
2.A.play B.to play C.play the D.play with
3.A.at B.for C.with D.of
4.A.Their B.Her C.Our D.Your
5.A.in B.on C.with D.of
6.A.does B.doing C.do D.is doing
7.A.fourth B.third C.first D.second
8.A.pets B.members C.things D.animals
9.A.of B.about C. with D. on
10.A.at B.to C.with D.for
11.A.listening B.leading C.watching D.doing
12.A.to look for B.to clean C.to come D.to leave
13.A.also B.too C.either D.but
14.A.few B.a few C.little D.a little
15.A.swim B.dance C.read D.run
【答案】1-5 BACAB 6-10 CDBCD 11-15 ACABA
【文章大意】
本文叙述了作者理想中的家园，是一个带有一个花园的在海边的大房子，有四层楼，父母、祖父母都住在一起，自己有独立的房间，可以玩游戏、读书还可以和朋友一起聊天。花园后有一个游泳池，可以在里面游泳。
【解析】
1.句意：我的梦想的家在海洋附近。考查名词及语境的理解。 A. river河水； B. sea 海洋； C. ground地面； D. school学校。根据I can watch the sea 可知这里指的是海洋，故选B。
2.句意：我可以看海并在海滩上打篮球。考查动词及语境的理解。play with sb和某人一起玩。这里play +球类运动，故选A。
3.句意：我的祖父母和我们住在一个大的房子里。考查介词及语境的理解。这里是短语live with sb 和某人一起。故选C。
4.句意：他们的房间是在一楼。考查代词及语境的理解。A. Their他们的； B. Her她的； C. Our我们的； D. Your你的。这里指的是祖父母的，所以应该用their，故选A。
5.句意：他们的房间是在一楼。考查介词及语境的理解。在某层楼上，应该用介词on，故选B。
6.句意：我总是和他们聊天，在周末帮助他们做一些家务。考查动词及语境的理解。这里是短语help sb do sth帮助某人做某事。故选C。
7.句意：在二楼有厨房和餐厅。考查序数词及语境的理解。 A. fourth第四； B. third 第三； C. first第一； D. second第二。根据下文My bedroom ,study and bathroom are on the third floor.可知这里叙述的是二楼的情况，故选D。
8.句意：我们的家庭成员在那里吃饭。考查名词及语境的理解。A. pets宠物； B. members成员； C. things东西； D. animals动物。根据上文可知这里指的是家里的成员，故选B。
9.句意：我可以和我的朋友玩游戏、读书和聊天。考查介词及语境的理解。这里是短语chat with sb 和某人聊天，故选C。
10.句意：它对我们的身体健康都是有益的。考查介词及语境的理解。这里是固定短语be good for对……有益。故选D。
11.句意：在我的房间里读书的时候我喜欢听音乐。考查动名词及语境的理解。A. listening 听； B. leading领导； C. withing，with是介词不能加ing； D. doing做。这里是短语like doing喜欢做某事；故选A。
12.句意：我请求我的朋友来这里。考查动词不定式及语境的理解。 A. to look for 寻找； B. to clean擦干净； C. to come来；D. to leave离开。这里是短语ask sb to do sth请某人做某事。根据句意故选C。
13.句意：它也是很大很干净的。考查副词及语境的理解。A. also也，用于句中； B. too 也，用于肯定句或疑问句； C. either 也，用于否定句； D. but但是。根据这里的空格在句中所以用also，故选A。
14.句意：有许多花和一些高树在花园里。考查形容词及语境的理解。A. few 几个； B. a few一些； C. little 很少； D. a little有点。A few修饰可数名词。故选B。
15.句意：我可以在河里游泳。考查动词及语境的理解。 A. swim游泳； B. dance跳舞； C. read读； D. run跑。根据Behind the garden, there is a swimming pool. 可知这里应该指的游泳，故选A。
题组C 培优拔尖练
一、阅读单选
A
Dear Kitty,
News! We have a new flat! The rooms are small, but they are comfortable. There are more rooms here than in our old flat. This is good because now I have my own room. In the old flat, I shared with my sister.
My bedroom is my favourite room in our flat. I can be alone in it. I can read or draw. I can listen to my radio or play CDs. I can play games on my computer and send e-mails to my friends.
My second favourite room is the kitchen. I love helping my mother cook our meals. She is a very good cook. She is teaching me how to make many different kinds of dishes. She lived in Morocco when she was a girl, and she can cook Moroccan food. It’s very delicious.
That’s all for now. Write soon and tell me about your home. Please get on the Internet so that we can send e-mails to each other.
All good wishes
Anna
1.What is the main idea of this article.
A.Anna told Kitty something about her family’s new flat.
B.Kitty lives with her family in America.
C.Anna likes her bedroom.
D.Anna’s mother is teaching her to cook Moroccan food.
2.What is the difference between the old flat and the new one
A.The rooms in the new flat are bigger.
B.The rooms in the old flat were smaller.
C.There are more rooms in the new flat.
D.There were more rooms in the old flat.
3.Why is Anna very pleased with the new flat
A.Because she has to share a room.
B.Because she has a big room.
C.Because she has a small room.
D.Because she has her own room.
4.Which room is Anna’s favourite
A.The living room. B.The kitchen.
C.The bedroom. D.The bathroom.
5.What does Anna do in the kitchen
A.She helps her mother cook their meals.
B.She plays computer games.
C.She teaches her mother how to cook.
D.She reads about Moroccan food.
【答案】ACDCA
【文章大意】
本文是安娜写给基蒂的一封信，安娜在信中告诉基蒂她一家搬到了新的公寓，她有了自己的房间，她可以一个人在里面看书、画画、听收音机、播放CD或上网等。她还喜欢在厨房帮助她的妈妈做饭。
【解析】
1.题意：这篇文章的主要思想是什么？考查主旨理解。A. Anna told Kitty something about her family’s new flat. 安娜告诉了基蒂关于她家新公寓的一些情况；B. Kitty lives with her family in America. 基蒂和她的家人住在美国；C. Anna likes her bedroom. 安娜喜欢她的卧室；D. Anna’s mother is teaching her to cook Moroccan food. 安娜的母亲正在教她做摩洛哥菜。本文是安娜写给基蒂的一封信，安娜在信中告诉基蒂她一家搬到了新的公寓，她有了自己的房间，她可以一个人在里面看书、画画、听收音机、播放CD或上网等。她还喜欢在厨房帮助她的妈妈做饭。根据短文的内容可知是安娜告诉Kitty 关于她家的新公寓的情况，故选A。
2.题意：旧公寓和新公寓有什么区别？考查细节理解。A. The rooms in the new flat are bigger. 新公寓的房间比较大；B. The rooms in the old flat were smaller. 旧公寓的房间比较小；C. There are more rooms in the new flat. 新公寓里有更多的房间；D. There were more rooms in the old flat. 旧公寓里有更多的房间。根据There are more rooms here than in our old flat. （新公寓有更多的房间），故选C。
3.题意：安娜为什么对这套新公寓很满意？考查细节理解。A. Because she has to share a room. 因为她必须共用一个房间；B. Because she has a big room. 因为她有一个大房间；C. Because she has a small room. 因为她有一个小房间；D. Because she has her own room. 因为她有自己的房间。根据第一段第5句This is good because now I have my own room.（这很好，因为现在我有自己的房间了。）可因为安娜有了自己的房间了，她对新公寓很满意；故选D。
4.题意：安娜最喜欢哪个房间？考查细节理解。A. The living room. 客厅；B. The kitchen. 厨房；C. The bedroom. 卧室；D. The bathroom. 浴室。根据第2段第一句My bedroom is my favourite room in our flat.安娜最喜欢的是自己的卧室，故选C
5.题意：安娜在厨房做什么？考查细节理解。A. She helps her mother cook their meals. 她帮她母亲做饭；B. She plays computer games. 她玩电脑游戏；C. She teaches her mother how to cook. 她教她妈妈怎么做饭；D. She reads about Moroccan food. 她读过关于摩洛哥食物的书。根据第3段第2句I love helping my mother cook our meals（我喜欢帮我妈妈做饭）可知“她帮她母亲做饭”；选A。
B
Many animals hide to stay alive. They hide in many ways. Some animals hide in leaves; some animals hide in snow. Usually their colors or shapes help protect them. It’s hard to see an Arctic bear in snow. Its white fur helps protect it. Chameleons(变色龙) can hide by changing colors. Their skin turns the same color as what is around them. Some chameleons can change colors in five minutes.
Many animals try to look bigger than they are to stay alive. Some animals can make other animals think they are very big. If they look very big, animals that are looking for food will run away. Bears can walk on two legs. They look very, very scary. Some animals will run away from them.
Many animals try to stay around other animals. This helps them stay alive. Zebras stay close together so that they can help each other look out of danger. Seeing many stripes at once can also confuse animals that want to eat them. Some birds stay in a circle, each toward a different direction. In this way they can also help each other stay alive by looking around for animals that many want to eat one of them.
6.Animals have ways to stay alive. How many of them are mentioned in the passage
A.One B.Two C.Three D.Five
7.Why do animals hide
A.Because they like to play hide-and-seek. B.Because they are shy.
C.Because they want to catch other. D.Because they want to protect themselves.
8.How do Chameleons hide
A.They change colors. B.They change shapes. C.They hide in snow. D.They hide in leaves.
9.How do zebras hide
A.Become good friends. B.Talk to each other.
C.Help each other look out for danger. D.Eat and play together.
10.Why do animals try to look bigger than they are
A.They want other animals to run away from them. B.They want other animals to follow them.
C.They want other animals to see them. D.They want other animals to like them.
【答案】DDACA
【文章大意】
试题文章大意：这篇文章主要讲了动物为了存活采取不同的方法保护自己，有将自己藏在叶子里或藏在雪里的，有为了吓跑敌人而使自己看起来强大的，有一起生活彼此帮助的。
【解析】
6.细节理解题。文章提到了靠颜色掩护自己的北极熊和为吓跑敌人能站立起来使自己看起来比自身强大的熊，提到了靠改变颜色保护自己的变色龙，提到了过群居生活用身上的斑纹迷惑敌人的斑马，还提到了朝向各个方向在遇到危险时互相提醒的鸟，故选D。
7.细节理解题。根据“Usually their colors or shapes help protect them.”可知动物躲藏起来是为了保护自己，故选D。
8.细节理解题。根据“Chameleons(变色龙) can hide by changing colors.”可知变色龙靠改变自身颜色来保护自己，故选A。
9.细节理解题。根据“Zebras stay close together so that they can help each other look out of danger.”可知斑马是靠群居生活来保护自己，故选C。
10.细节理解题。根据“If they look very big, animals that are looking for food will run away.”可知有的动物使自己看起来强大是为了吓跑别的动物，故选A。