课件26张PPT。第二篇 语法专讲第一讲名词和冠词名词是中考考查的重点。考查内容主要为：
1．名词单、复数的变化规律及其用法；
2．不可数名词量的表达法；
3．名词所有格的构成及其用法；
4．名词作主语的一致问题；
5．常用专有名词的表示法；
6．具体语境中名词的词义和一些常用易混淆名词的区别。名词【热点考向一】 常用专有名词
1．人名。
如：Yao Ming，Jim Green等。
2．地名。
如：Beijing，the Great Wall等。
3．国名。
如：China，England等。4．一周七天。
如：Sunday，Monday，Tuesday，Wednesday，Thursday，Friday，Saturday等。
5．一年12个月。
如：January，February，March，April，May，June，July，August，September，October，November，December等。
6．一些重要的节日。
如：Teachers' Day，Children's Day，Mother's Day，the Spring Festival，National Day，Christmas Day等。 7．常用专有名词的缩写形式。
如：UAS，WTO，UK等。
注意：专有名词的第一个字母要大写。例1：—Jimmy，the World Cup is coming.Do you know when the first match will be on?
—On ________(六月) 13th.(2014，金华)
解析：表示月份的专有名词，须大写开头，故用“June”。June【热点考向二】 名词辨析
名词词义的考查及一些常用易混淆名词的区别一直是中考的热点，后者也是学生学习的难点，因此要注意以下几点：
1．名词词义上的差异；
2．可数名词与不可数名词的区别运用；
3．名词使用的场合和语境。
例2：Annie has a ________(tooth)，and she is going to see her dentist today.(2015，温州)
解析：根据句意“她要去看牙医”，故Annie牙疼，所以答案为“toothache”。toothache例3：I'm tired.This is not the right ________(时刻) to ask me to go for a walk.(2014，温州)
解析：根据句意“我很累，这不是正确的时刻让我去散步”，“时刻”应填“moment”。moment【热点考向三】 名词的数
1．可数名词复数形式的规则变化。2.可数名词复数形式的不规则变化。
(1)元音或词尾发生变化。
如：man→men，woman→women，Frenchman→Frenchmen，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，child→children等。
(2)单复数形式相同。
如：sheep→sheep，fish→fish，Chinese→Chinese，Japanese→Japanese，yuan→yuan等。
(3)形式为单数，意思为复数。
如：people，police等。(4)形式为复数，意思为单数。
如：news，math，physics，the United States等。
(5)只用复数形式。
如：pants，shorts，clothes，glasses(眼镜)等。(6)由man，woman构成的合成名词，变复数时将名词及man，woman都变成复数。
如：man driver→men drivers，woman teacher→women teachers等。
但其他合成名词变复数时，只需把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。
如：a banana tree→banana trees，a shoe factory→shoe factories等。3．不可数名词的量的表达。
(1)表不定数量时，一般用much，(a) little，a lot of/lots of，some，any 等词修饰。
(2)表确定数量时，一般用“数词＋表示‘量’的名词＋of＋不可数名词”。
如：a piece of paper，a piece of news，a bag of rice，two glasses of milk，four bottles of water等。
例4：—Would you like some ________(番茄) for dinner?
—OK.(2015，娄底)
解析：番茄是可数名词，所以“一些番茄”应用复数形式，而“tomato”属于“辅音＋o结尾”的词，故用“tomatoes”。tomatoes 【热点考向四】 名词的格
1．有生命名词的所有格。2.无生命名词的所有格。3.双重所有格。
当表示所有格的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用“名词＋of＋'s”形式，这种结构被称为双重所有格。
如：a friend of Jim's 吉姆的一个朋友
注意：a photo of my brother's 我弟弟所有照片中的一张
a photo of my brother 一张我弟弟的照片助记：名词所有格：
英语名词所有格，表示某物是“谁的”；
所有格构成有方法，多数要把“'s ”加；
复数名词有s，只要撇号“'”可以啦；
名词若无生命，常把of往里加；
时间、地点和距离，所有格也可用's ；
共有最后一个加，各有分别加's 。例5：________(杰克的) and Paul's mothers can't go to the parents' meeting because they are too busy.(2015，武威)
解析：题中“mothers”为复数，故Jack和Paul的妈妈不是同一个，“杰克的”应填“Jack's”。Jack's冠词中考对冠词的考查主要有：
1．冠词的基本用法；
2．零冠词的情况；
3．习惯用语中冠词的使用。【热点考向一】 不定冠词a，an例1：Cathy was very happy to meet ________ old friend on the plane to Paris.(2014，温州)
解析：本题考查冠词的用法。此处泛指 “一个老朋友”，且old以元音因素开头，故用“an”。
例2：My brother Fred woke up with ________ bad headache, yet by the evening the pain had gone.(2014，绍兴)
解析：题意表示泛指 “一次严重的头痛”，故用不定冠词“a”。
ana【热点考向二】 定冠词例3：My cousin went abroad at ________ age of eighteen.(2014，杭州)
解析：本题考查冠词的用法。“at the age of” 意为“在……岁时”，为固定搭配。
例4：—I can play ________ piano.
—Wow，you are so great.(2015，娄底)
解析：“piano”，意为“钢琴”，为乐器，前面要加定冠词“the”。thethe【热点考向三】 零冠词例5：—Does your father go to work by ________ car every day?
—No，he sometimes takes a bus.(2015，天津)
解析：“by car”为固定搭配，意为“乘车”，用零冠词。
例6：Danny's grandmother is ill in ________ hospital.He will go there to see her after school.(2015，武威)
解析：“in hospital”意为“生病住院”，为固定搭配，用零冠词。而“in the hospital”意为“在医院”，不一定是住院，注意二者区别。/ / 课件20张PPT。第二篇 语法专练
第一讲 名词和冠词一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．The boy enjoyed himself on ____________ (child) Day.
2．Ten __________ (Japan) are playing basketball on the playground.
3．Mum，please buy me five __________ (knife)．
4．A lot of ___________________ (woman teacher) went to Ann's party yesterday and had a good time.
5．My sister thinks physics ____ (be) very difficult.Children'sJapanesekniveswomen teachersis二、根据中文提示填写单词。
6．My brother was born in __________ (十二月)．
7．_____________ (星期三) is the fourth day of a week.
8．Look！The __________ (德国人) are eating in the restaurant near the post office.
9．Three ______ (包) of ______ (大米) are on the floor.
10．It's a five ________ (分钟) walk from my home to school.DecemberWednesdayGermansbagsriceminutes三、根据句意在横线处填入适当的冠词。
11．What ____ heavy rain it was!
12．She has got two cats now.______ black and white one is called Rosie and __ ______ brown one Joseph.
13．Let's take __ __ photo! Everyone，cheese!
14．Newcastle upon Tyne is in __ ____ northeast of England.
15．If we sit by __ ____ window of the train，we'll have __ ____ better view.aTheTheaTheThea16．My brother went abroad at __ __ age of eighteen.
17．Perhaps the famous football star won't play ____ football any longer.
18．—Excuse me，is there __ __ book by Mo Yan?
—Yes.It's on __ __ bookshelf over there.
19．—What do you think of __ __ film about Zhan Tianyou?
—It's __ __ good film.
20．English is __ __ useful language.We should learn it well.The/aTheTheaa四、阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空(每空不多于3个单词)。 Although the world is hungry，it is even thirstier.While nearly 3/4 of 21.______ earth is 22.__________(cover) with water，we are still short of drinking water.This is because about 97% of the water on the earth is sea water.Therefore we can't use it for watering plants or drinking 23.________(direct)．Humans can only drink and use fresh water from places including 24.________(river) and lakes.Thecovereddirectlyrivers How can we avoid 25.__ __ serious water shortage？First，we should save water and not waste it.Second，we should protect our water 26.____________(resource) and not pollute them.Third，we should discover ways to reuse water.Scientists have made some progress in this field.Today，some large cities are reusing their water.But 27.________(people) need for water is increasing day by day.We still don't have enough water.What else can we do?
The sea seems to have 28.___ best answer.There is plenty of 29.________(water) in the sea.But we need to take the salt away from the sea water.This is very expensive.If 30.____________(science) can find cheaper ways to do it，we can solve the problem of the shortage of water.aresourcespeople'sthewaterscientists五、阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
“Everything happens for __31__ best，” my mother said whenever things weren't going my way. “Don't __32__， one day your luck will change.”
Mother was right, as I discovered after I had finished my college education. I had decided to try for __33__ job in radio. I wanted to host a(n) __34__ program. I went to Chicago and knocked on the door of every station. But I got turned down every time.
In one station, a kind lady said my __35__ was that I hadn't got__36__ enough experience, “Get some work with a small station and work your way up，” she said.
I went back home. I couldn't get a __37__ there, either. Then my dad told me a businessman had opened a store and needed someone to help him. But again, I didn't get __38__ job.
I felt really down. “Your luck will change，” Mom said to me. Dad lent me his car to help me to look for my job.I__39__ another radio station in Iowa. But __40__ owner, a nice man, told me he had already had someone. As I left his office, I asked, “How can someone be a sports announcer __41__ he can't get a job in a radio station？”
I was waiting for the lift when I heard the man call. “What did you mean？Do you know anything about __42__？” He put me in front of a microphone and asked me to try to __43__ that I was giving my opinion on a football match. I succeeded.
On my way home, Mom's words came back to me. “One day your __44__ will change, son. And when it happens, it'll feel doubly(加倍地)good because of all the hard work you've had.” At that moment I knew just what she __45__． （ ）31.A.a B．an C．the D．/
（ ）32.A.worry B．think C．consider D．hurry
（ ）33.A.a B．an C．the D．/
（ ）34.A.education B．music C．amusement D．sports
（ ）35.A.problem B．question C．wrong D．advantage
（ ）36.A.a B．an C．the D．/
（ ）37.A.station B．store C．job D．workCAADADC （ ）38.A.a B．an C．the D．/
（ ）39.A.tried B．got C．arrived D．found
（ ）40.A.a B．an C．the D．/
（ ）41.A.whether B．unless C．when D．if
（ ）42.A.football B．basketball C．baseball D．tennis
（ ）43.A.pretend B．imagine C．wish D．hope
（ ）44.A.luck B．job C．future D．life
（ ）45.A.spoke B．meant C．told D．advisedCACDABAB六、阅读下面材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A famous foreign company in China wanted a clerk for its Public Relation Department(公关部)．
A beautiful girl with a master's degree(硕士学位) went through a lot of challenges and her name was on the list. In the final stage she faced an interview together with another girl. Both of them were outstanding, not only in looks but also in education.The girl was successful in the interview. It seemed that she would get the chance. At last the examiner asked her, “Can you come to the office next Monday？” Shocked by the unexpected question, the beautiful girl couldn't make a decision at the moment, so she said, “I have to talk with my parents before I give an answer.” The examiner felt surprised but said calmly, “If so, let's wait till you are ready.”The next day, the girl came to tell the examiner that her parents had agreed to let her begin work next Monday. But the examiner said regretfully(遗憾地), “Sorry, another suitable candidate(候选人) has got the job. You had better try another place.” The beautiful girl was surprised. She asked for an explanation and was told, “What is needed here is a person who knows her own mind.”
That was how a good opportunity right_under_the_nose_of a beautiful girl ran away. （ ）46．The beautiful girl wanted to ask her parents for advice because __ __．
A．she didn't like the job
B．she couldn't make a decision by herself
C．she didn't want to answer the question
D．her parents would be angry if she didn't ask them
（ ）47．We can learn from the passage that __ __．
A．the company lost its best clerk
B．no girl got the job
C．the other girl who failed at the last interview might get the job
D．the examiner was very pleased with the girlBC （ ）48．The underlined phrase “right under the nose of” probably means “__ __”．
A．就在鼻子下 B．想要得到的
C．没有把握的 D．就在眼前的
（ ）49．The best title for the passage might be “__ __”．
A．Make Decisions With Your Parents
B．A Successful Interview
C．Use Your Own Mind
D．Answer the Examiner's Question QuicklyDC七、根据短文内容和括号内所给汉语意思，写出空白处各单词的正确形式(每空一词)。
A gentleman put an advertisement in a newspaper to look for a boy to work in his office.From nearly 50.______(五十) people, he chose one and refused 51. __ __ __ (其他)．
“I should like to know，” said one of his 52. __ __ __(朋友)，“Why do you 53.________(更喜欢) that boy？He didn't have a letter or a recommendation.”fiftyothersfriendsprefer “You are wrong，” said the gentleman.“He had a great many.He closed the door 54.________(在……后面) him.That showed that he was careful.He gave his 55._______(座位) at once to that old man.I found that he was kind and thoughtful.He took off his cap when he came in and answered my question at once. That showed he was 56._______(礼貌的) and friendly.”behindseatpolite “I threw some books on the floor by myself and some people went over them, but that boy picked them up and put them on the table. He waited quietly for his turn 57. __ __ __ __(代替) of pushing. When I talked to him, I found his 58. _ _ _ _ (衣服) were tidy, his hair was brushed clearly and his finger nails were clean. I think these are more important 59.______(比) a letter and a recommendation.”insteadclothesthan
