课件33张PPT。第二讲介词和数词介词中考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法和介词的辨析上。在平时学习时应注重以下两点：
1．表时间、方位、方式等介词的用法；
2．介词短语及介词与名词、动词、形容词等常用搭配及用法。【热点考向一】 时间介词
1．at，in，on，by
at 表示时间点、时刻。
如：at 5：10 p．m.，at the beginning of，at the end of...，at night，at noon，at the same time等。at 表示短暂的一段时间或被认为是标志大事的节日。
如：at Christmas，at the age of...等。
in 用于世纪、朝代、年代、月、季节或泛指上午、下午、傍晚等一段时间的名词前。
如：in the 1990s，in summer，in January，in 2012，in the morning等。
on 表示在具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上。
如：on August 8th，on Monday，on New Year's Day，on a cold morning，on Sunday afternoon等。by 表示“不迟于；在……前”。
如：We had finished the work by ten o'clock this morning.到今天早上十点为止，我们已经完成了工作。2．in，after
“in ＋时间段”用于将来时；“after ＋时间段”用于过去时；“after ＋时间点”既可用于将来时也可用于过去时。
如： Jim will go to Beijing in five days.吉姆五天后会去北京。
Jim went to Beijing after five days.五天后，吉姆去了北京。
Jim will go to Beijing after five o'clock. 吉姆会在五点钟后去北京。3．for，since
for 可用于过去时、现在时或将来时，着重说明“多久”，后接时间段。since 意为“自从……起”，多与完成时连用，后接时间点或从句。since 引导的从句通常为一般过去时。
如：He has lived here for 2 weeks.他在这儿住了两个星期了。
He has lived here since 2 weeks ago. 他在这儿住了两个星期了。
It's five years since he left school.他毕业五年了。4．after，behind
after 主要用于表示时间；behind 主要用于表示位置。
如：You should take a walk after dinner.你应该在晚饭后散会儿步。
The picture is behind the door.这幅图在门后。
例1：—When is LangLang's concert?
—It's ________ three o'clock ________ the afternoon of December 18th.(2015，安顺)
解析：表示时间点用“at”，表示具体某一天的下午用“on”。
例2：The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come ________ four days.(2015，安徽)
解析：“in ＋时间段”用于将来时。atonin【热点考向二】 方位介词
1．at，in，on，to
at 接小地点或表示“在……附近；旁边”。
in 接大地点或表示“在……范围之内”。
on 表示接壤。
to 表示“在……范围外”，并不接壤。
如：He arrived at school at 8 o'clock.他8点钟到学校。 He arrived in Wenzhou yesterday.他昨天到温州。
Zhejiang is in the east of China.浙江在中国的东部。
Zhejiang is on the south of Jiangsu Province.浙江在江苏的南面。
Japan is to the east of China.日本在中国的东面。2．above，over，on
above意为“在……上方”，表相对高度，不强调是否垂直，与below 相对。
over意为“在……正上方”，表垂直的高度，与under 相对。
on 表示在某物体上面并与之接触。如：The birds are flying above my head.鸟在我的头上飞。
There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。
There is a book on the desk.桌上有一本书。
3．below，under
under意为“在……正下方”。
below意为“在……下方”，不一定在正下方。
如：There is a dog under the desk.有一只狗在书桌下。
Please write your name below the line.请在横线的下方写下你的名字。4．across，through
across 表示从物体表面通过，与on 有关。
through 表示通过一个空间，与in 有关。
如：The boy ran across the street.这个男孩跑过了街。
He walked through the forest.他穿过了森林。
5．between，among
between 指在两个人或两个事物之间。
among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。
如：There is a bank between the post office and the police station.在邮局和警察局之间有一家银行。
The teacher is standing among the students.老师站在学生们的中间。6．in，into，out of
in意为“在……里面”，用于表示静止的位置。
into意为“进入”，用于表示有特定终点的运动方向，经常与表示动作的动词连用。
如：come，go，run，rush 等。
out of意为“从……里出来”，与into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向。
如：Her mother works in the hospital.她的妈妈在医院里工作。
The child ran into his mother's arms.这个小孩跑进了他妈妈的怀里。
All the children rushed out of the classroom when the bell rang.当铃响时，所有的孩子都冲出了教室。例3：The bank is ________ the bookstore and the post office.(2015，益阳)
解析：“在……之间”用介词“between”。
例4：The blind man walked ________ the street with the help of a boy.(2014，金华)
解析：穿过街道是从街道表面通过，故用“across”。betweenacross【热点考向三】 工具、方式和手段介词
1．by，in，on 表示旅行的方式。
by 与某些交通工具名词连用，名词需用单数，其前不加冠词或任何修饰语。
如：by bike，by bus，by taxi，by train，by plane，by boat，by ship等。
in/on 与表示旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具名词连用，名词前用冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰。
如：in a car，in the plane，on the bus，on his bike等。
on 与表信息或通信工具的名词连用。
如：on the phone，on the radio，on the Internet等。2．with，by，in 均可表示“用”，表示行为方式、手段或使用工具。
with 用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。
如：How amazing! The boy can write with his two hands at the same time.真神奇，这个男孩能同时用左右手写字。
by/in 多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前。
如：by hand，in English，in a low voice，in this way等。
He studies English by reading aloud every day.他通过每天大声朗读学英语。例5：________ all his pocket money，Dan bought a present for his mother on Mother's Day.(2015，衢州)
解析：句意为“在母亲节那天，Dan用所有的零花钱给他妈妈买了份礼物。”“钱”是有形的，表示用有形的工具用介词“with”。With【热点考向四】 介词短语
1．at 短语。
at first 首先；起初，at dinner 在吃正餐，at work 在工作，at school 在上学，at the table 在桌子旁，at the back of 在……后面，at the foot of 在……脚下，at all 根本，at the same time 同时，at the meeting 在会上，at least 至少2．by 短语。
by hand 用手；手工，by the time...到……的时候，by the end of...到……结束时，by the way 顺便说，day by day 日复一日，one by one 一个接一个地
3．in 短语。
in time 及时，in bed 卧床，in trouble 处于困境，in public 当众，in fact 事实上，in surprise 惊奇地，in a hurry 匆忙；急忙，in a word 总而言之，in the end 最后，in space 在太空，in the day 在白天，in a short while 不久，in line 成一条线，in silence 安静地，in the middle of 在……中间，in the air 在空中，in common 共同之处4．on 短语。
on show 在展览中，on display 陈列；展览，on time 按时，on foot 步行，on one's way to 在去……的路上，on duty 值日，on top of 在……顶部，on the radio 通过无线电广播，on the left/right 在左/右边，on the other side of 在……的另一边
5．to 短语。
to one's surprise 使某人吃惊的是6．其他固定搭配。
be full of 充满，be filled with 装满，be born in 出生于，be sure of 确信，be made of 由……制成，be used to 习惯于……，be late for 迟到，be strict with sb.对某人要求严格，be excited about 对……感到激动7．动词与介词的固定搭配。
arrive in/at 到达大/小地方，agree with 同意；赞同，ask for 要求；请求，catch up with 赶上；追上，come from 来自，do well in 在……做得好，decide on 决定，fall behind 落后，get on with 与某人相处，go on with sth.继续做某事，get to 到达，go to school 去上学，go to bed/sleep 去睡觉，go to the cinema 去看电影，have nothing with 与……无关，hear from 收到……来信，hear of 听说，help...with...在(某方面)帮助……，hand in 上交，keep out of 不让……进入，knock at 敲(门)，laugh at 嘲笑，listen to 听，look after 照看；照料，look at 看，look like 看起来像，look for 寻找，look forward to 盼望，move to 搬家(到某地)，pay for 支付；付钱，play with 玩耍，point at 指向，say hello to 向……问好，shout at 对……喊叫，take part in 参加，take care of 关心；照顾，talk about 谈论，take away 拿走；带走，take/catch hold of 抓住，think of 想起，think about 考虑，turn...into...把……变成……，thanks to 幸亏；由于，worry about 为……担心，wait for 等候例6：—Who is your favorite singer，Mike?
—TFBOYS.They are very popular ________ boys and girls.(2015，德州)
解析：“be popualr with”意为“在……中受欢迎”。
例7：Yunnan is beautiful and I'm looking forward ________ visiting it again.(2015，天津)
解析：“look forward to”意为“盼望”，固定搭配。with to数词中考中对数词的考查主要有以下三点：
1．基数词和序数词的基本用法；
2．日期、钟点、年龄、价格、距离、高度和重量的表示法；
3．hundred，thousand，million，billion 在具体语言环境中的运用。基数词变序数词要遵循以下原则：
1．一般来说，序数词是由相应的基数词词尾加-th 构成。
2．十位整数序数词的构成方法是将y变为i，再加-eth。
3．两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。
此外，常考的基数词、序数词一般都会在100以内，具体见下表：【热点考向一】 基数词
1．表示年份。
如：1988读作nineteen eighty-eight，1907读作nineteen o(and) seven，2000读作two thousand。
2．表示钟点。如：7：00 表示为seven o'clock，7：05 表示为seven o five/five past seven，7：15 表示为seven fifteen/fifteen past seven/a quarter past seven，7：30 表示为seven thirty/half past seven，7：45 表示为seven forty-five/fifteen to eight/a quarter to eight。
例1：Tony's mom looks young and beautiful.It's hard to imagine she is already in her ________(50岁)．(2015，苏州)
解析：表示“在某人多少岁时”，要用基数词的复数形式。fifties例2：Helen loves reading.She has read ________(五) books this month.(2015，重庆)
解析：“五本书”直接用基数词表示为“five books”。five【热点考向二】 序数词
序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加上序数词最后两个字母组成。序数词在句中常与the连用。
如：I'm the first one to arrive here.我是第一个到这里的。1．表示日期。日期用序数词或基数词表示，但读的时候按序数词读。
如：September 10th 读作September the tenth，2013年6月12日写作June 12th，2013，读作June the twelfth，two thousand and thirteen。
2．表示编号。简单的编号用序数词、基数词都可，复杂的编号多用基数词。
如：the third lesson 或Lesson Three 第三课，the No.17 Bus 第17路公交车，Room 405 405房间。
3．表示分数。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子为1，分母用单数；分子大于1，分母用复数。
如：one fifth 五分之一，three fifths 五分之三。4．一些习惯用法。
如：1/4表示为a quarter，3/4表示为three quarters，1/2表示为a half。
例3：Boys and girls，please turn to page five and look at the ________(五) picture.(2015，呼和浩特)
解析：“第五幅图”表示为“the fifth picture”，用序数词。
例4：We said that ________(三分之二) students like to talk with friends online.(2015，自贡)
解析：表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1，分母用复数。fifthtwo thirds【热点考向三】 数词中的难点
1．“数词＋单数名词”相当于复合形容词作定语。
如：a three-year-old girl 一个三岁的女孩
注意：复合形容词中的名词一定是单数。
2．hundred，thousand，million，billion 的运用。在构成具体的数字时，用单数形式。
如：two hundred students 两百个学生
表达不具体的数字时用复数形式。
如：thousands of students 成千上万的学生3．与another，more 连用时，表示在已有基础上再增加一定数量。
如：another three hours 或three more hours 另外三个小时
4．or 连接两个并列的数词时，注意所修饰名词的单复数。如：The baby is eight or nine months old.这个婴儿有八、九个月大。
5．“一两天”可表示为：a day or two或one or two days。有关“半”的表达：three years and a half 或three and a half years 三年半，half an hour 半小时，one hour and a half 或one and a half hours 一个半小时。例6：It took ________(hundred) of people three months to build this great building.(2015，安顺)
解析：表示“几百”时用“hundreds of”。hundreds例5：We have a ________(三天的) holiday every National Day.(2015，武威)
解析：“数词＋单数名词”相当于复合形容词作定语。Three-day课件20张PPT。第二讲 介词和数词一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．There are two __________(hundred) students in this school.
2．Nowadays，_____________(thousand) of people decided to live abroad.
3．March is the _______(three) month in a year.
4．I have finished three _______(five) of my work.
5．It will take me one or _______(two) days to get there.hundredthousandsthirdfifthstwo二、根据中文提示填写单词。
6．It's never too old to learn.Karl Marx began to learn English in his _______(50岁)．
7．Christmas Day is on the ____________________(25号) of December.
8．Mr. Smith lives on the __________(第四) floor.It's too high，so he has to take a lift every day.
9．The couple have a ________________(三岁的) daughter.
10．I think _____________________(四分之三) of the materials I listened to are easy.fiftiestwenty fifth/25thfourththree-year-oldthree fourths/quarters三、根据句意在横线处填入适当的介词。
11．I left my keys in the room yesterday.I had to get in __________ the window.
12．I have worked in this company ____ 10 years.
13．Guangdong Province is ____ the south of China.
14．Tom's pockets are full ____ candies.
15．The basket is filled ______ fresh strawberries.throughforinofwith16．I sometimes help my mother with the housework ____ Saturdays.
17．—Why are you standing，Alice?
—I can't see the blackboard clearly.Two tall boys are sitting ____ front of me.
18．It's too dangerous! Three boys are running ________ the street.
19．There is a bridge _____ the river in my hometown.
20．The government decided to build a new railroad __________ the two cities.oninacrossoverbetween四、阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空(每空不多于3个单词)。
English has become widely used 21.__________the world.Why has this happened？We may find the answer from history.
In the 22.____________(nineteen) century，Great Britain became a powerful country，so English became an international language.Then，23. ______the 1950s，the USA has become more and more powerful.The American computer and Internet industry have taken the leading position in the world.24.____ a result，the Internet has helped English to become much more popular.around nineteenth since As China，a country 25.________ the largest population in the world，has encouraged more people to learn English since 1970s.Since the 1990s，English learning has been very popular 26.____________ Chinese people.Many of them have done well 27.________ English and have made great progress in 28._________(speak) it.
Now，students are required to learn English，and the study of English is regarded 29.____ a very important industry in China as 30._________(well) as in the rest of the world.with with/among in speaking as well 五、阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
Robert is a __31__ American.He has become a successful man in science.Once，he was interviewed by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he could be so much more creative than other people.He said that in his opinion，it all came from an experience with his mother when he was about __32__ years old.
That day，when he was trying to take a bottle of milk out of the fridge，he fell down.And the milk spilled(流出) all over the kitchen floor，which turned __33__ to be a sea of milk. When his mother came into the kitchen，instead of shouting __34__ him，she said，“Robert，what a great and wonderful mess you have made! I have __35__ seen such a huge puddle of milk.Well，since it has already been done，would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up？”Robert did __36__ what his mother said.
After a few minutes，his mother said，“You know，Robert，whenever you make a mess like this，you have to clean it up at last and put __37__ to its right order.So，how would you like to do that？We could use a sponge，a towel or a mop.Which do you prefer？”He __38__ the sponge and they cleaned up the milk together. His mother then said，“You'd better learn how to carry a big milk bottle with two small hands，OK？Let's go out in the back yard and fill the bottle __39__ water and see if you can find a way to carry it without __40__ it.”
The little boy learned that if he held the bottle __41__ the top near the lip with both hands，he could make it.What a wonderful lesson!
It was at that moment that Robert knew he __42__ need to be afraid to make mistakes.Instead，he learned that mistakes were just __43__ to learn something new，and that is what scientific experiments are all about.__44__ sometimes the experiment“doesn't work ”，we usually can learn something meaningful __45__ it.Wouldn't it be great if all parents would do the same as Robert's mother does? （ ）31.A.thirty-five-year-old B．thirty-five years old
C．thirty-five year old D．thirty-five years-old
（ ）32.A.twice B．second C．two D．too
（ ）33.A.in B．out C．down D．off
（ ）34.A.on B．to C．in D．at
（ ）35.A.always B．often C．hardly D．sometimes
（ ）36.A.so B．as C．for D．until
（ ）37.A.something B．everything C．nothing D．anything
A C B D C B B （ ）38.A.needed B．enjoyed C．lent D．chose
（ ）39.A.with B．of C．about D．in
（ ）40.A.keeping B．throwing C．leaving D．dropping
（ ）41.A.on B．at C．in D．over
（ ）42.A.didn't B．did C．doesn't D．does
（ ）43.A.delicious B．suggestions C．chances D．plans
（ ）44.A.Although B．Because C．Since D．If
（ ）45.A.on B．from C．of D．with D A D B A C AB六、阅读下面材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Before winter arrives，many kinds of birds fly south.Do you know the mystery of migration?
Some birds fly south because in the place where they live there isn't enough food in winter.But some don't have to.The woodpecker，for example，does not need to fly south because it can find food in the bark(树皮) of trees.The insects that the woodpecker eats are safe in the bark from the winter cold and snow. Some birds' food disappears in winter.These birds must fly south where food is available(可获得的)．But why don't they stay in the south？Perhaps they know that if they stay in the south, they will run out of food there，too.
It is possible that birds know when winter is coming，because they find that the days are getting shorter.Once they leave from the north，they use the sun as a guide.The sun is in different positions in the sky at different times of day.In order to use it,_birds have to know the time of day.On long journeys，birds usually use the stars to find their way. The homing pigeon(信鸽) does not use the sun or the stars.Scientists believe that it uses the magnetic field (磁场) of the earth.One of the most amazing migrations is that of the tiny hummingbird.It travels from Canada to Mexico—over 3，200 kilometers. （ ）46．The underlined word “migration” in Paragraph 1 means “__ __”．
A．觅食 B．迁徙 C．繁殖 D．群居
（ ）47．The woodpecker doesn't fly south because __ __．
A．it can't find the way
B．its wings are too weak to fly long
C．it likes the cold weather of winter
D．its food is well protected in the winterBD（ ）48．The underlined word“it”in Paragraph 4 refers to ___．
A．the sun B．the sky
C．the position D．the time
（ ）49.According to scientists，the homing pigeon finds its way by using____．
A．the stars B．the weather change
C．the moon D．a magnetic fieldAD七、根据短文内容和括号内所给汉语意思，写出空白处各单词的正确形式(每空一词)。
Travelling to all corners of the world gets easier and easier, but how well do we know and understand each other? Here is a(n) 50._____(简易的) test. Imagine you will hold a meeting at four o'clock, what time should you 51.________(预料，认为) your foreign business friends to come? If they are Germans, they will 52.________(到达) on time. If they are American, they'll probably be fifteen minutes early. If they are British, they'll be fifteen minutes 53.________(迟)．easyexpectarrivelater The British seemed to think since the English language was 54.________(广泛地) used in the world, what they did was certain to be widely understood. Very soon they 55._________(发现) they were completely wrong. For 56._________(例子), the British are happy to have a business lunch and discuss business matters with a drink during the meal; the Japanese prefer not to work 57.______(在……的时候) eating because lunch is a time for them to 58.______(放松) and get to know each other; the Germans like to talk business before dinner; the French like to eat 59._________(先) and talk afterwards. widelyfoundexamplewhenrelaxfirst八．书面表达。
最近，你校的个别学生沉溺于网络游戏，给身心健康带来影响，也使家长和老师忧心忡忡。请你根据下表并结合自己的建议给学校的广播站发一篇演讲稿，呼吁同学们远离网络游戏。要求：1.短文要求包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥；
2．短文要求简洁、正确、流畅；
3．词数80—100，开头部分已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：使上瘾 addict；摆脱 get rid of These days，some students are addicted to online games.Those games may be fun and exciting，but they are also very harmful to us.
Firstly，we spend a lot of time playing online games，and it will influence our study.Secondly，just like smoking，once we have the habit of playing online games，it's difficult to get rid of.Finally，there are unhealthy pictures in the games，it is not good for us.
So，it's really necessary for students to stay away from online games.We should concentrate on our study，and work hard for our dreams.We can help our parents with the housework.Besides，we can develop our interests，such as reading and playing sports.
I do hope all the students can live a healthy and colorful life.
