课件8张PPT。第七讲 动词的语态 中考对动词语态的考查主要有一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时和含有情态动词的被动语态。
动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的承受者为被动语态。动词中，只有及物动词有被动语态。
在平常的英语交流中，使用较多的是主动语态，但在下列情况中，通常使用被动语态：1．不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。
如：The glass is broken.玻璃杯破了。
Letters are collected at eight every morning.信件每天早晨八点收取。
2．为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。
如：The desk was made by Master Wang.这张课桌是王师傅做的。
The bag was taken away by his sister.那个袋子是他姐姐提走的。
3．在上下文中，为了使句子间连接紧密时。
如：I have a new motorbike.It was given to me as a birthday present by my father.我有辆新摩托车。它是父亲作为生日礼物送给我的。【热点考向一】 常见时态的被动语态
1．一般现在时的被动语态。句子基本结构为：am/is/are＋done。
如：It is made in China.它是中国制造的。
2．一般过去时的被动语态。句子基本结构为：was/were＋done。
如：The bridge was built in 1980.这座桥建于1980年。
3．一般将来时的被动语态。句子基本结构为：will＋be＋done。
如：She will be trained by her father.她将受训于她的爸爸。
4．情态动词的被动语态。句子基本结构为：情态动词＋be＋done。
如：Work must be done in two days.工作必须在两天内完成。例1：Many houses ____________(毁坏) by the earthquake and thousands of people were left homeless.(2015，广州)
解析：句子时态为一般过去时，房子是被毁坏的，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
例2：The novel ________(read) by many people today.(2015，天津)
解析：today是现在时的标志，小说被读，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
【热点考向二】 语态用法中的难点
1．某些动词形式是主动语态，但含有被动的意思。
如：This dictionary sells well.这种字典卖得很好。were damagedis readThe woolen sweater costs $88.这件羊毛衫卖88美元。
That car needs repairing＝That car needs to be repaired.那辆车需要修理。
The soup tastes delicious.这汤尝起来味道很好。
2．主动语态中有些动词后常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动语态要带上to。
如：make，see，listen，watch，feel等。
He made the boy work for him.＝The boy was made to work for him.这个男孩被迫为他工作。4．形容词cheap，comfortable，dangerous，important，interesting，nice等接不定式作状语时，不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
如：A bicycle is cheap to run.使用自行车是很经济的。
This question is difficult to answer.这个问题很难回答。
5．形容词worth后接动名词时，该动名词的主动形式表被动意义。
如：The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。例3：This kind of peach looks really nice，but it ________(尝起来) very sour.(2014，宁波)
解析：“taste”意为“尝起来”，用主动语态表被动。
例4：I think the book is worth ________(read)．(2014，黄石)
解析：“worth”后接动名词，主动语态表被动。tastesreading课件17张PPT。第七讲 动词的语态一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．The picture on the wall ____________(paint) by Mr. Black two months ago.
2．The fire on the bus ____________(put) out soon.
3．More than 200 books _______________(send) to the school since 2010.
4．When Tim _____________(ask) why he was late for school，he just kept silent.
5．Soft drinks ________________(offer) to children for free by this restaurant in two days.was paintedwas puthave been sentwas askedwill be offered6．The 30th office phones are dirty and they ______________(clean) next week.
7．The girl is often ________(hear) to sing in her room in the evening.
8．Today，computers are really helpful.They __________ (use) everywhere.
9．The 30th Olympic Games __________(hold) in London in 2012.
10．—What happened to Billy?
—He ____________(catch) because of his drink-driving.will be cleanedheardare usedwas heldwas caught二、根据中文提示填写单词。
11．Danny ____________(邀请) by Jack to his birthday party last week.
12．He ________________(袭击) while he was waiting for a bus.
13．Next month many trees ________________(种) in our school to make it more beautiful.
14．Milk and juice must __________(放) in the fridge.
15．Don't worry.Maybe your bag _____________(拿) by mistake.was invitedwas attackedwill be plantedwas takenbe put16．The plan for the trip must __________(制定) today.
17．Nobody __________(允许) to enter the hall.
18．The little baby __________(照顾) good care of by her parents.
19．After the earthquake，we heard of lots of moving stories，and all of us _____________(感动)．
20．Sometimes smart phones __________(使用) to take pictures instead of cameras.be madeis allowedis takenwere movedare used三、阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空(每空不多于3个单词)。
Jack went to a barber's shop and has his hair 21.______(cut)，but when he came out，he was not happy about the result.When his friend Bob saw him，he 22._______(laugh) and said，“What has 23._________(happen) to your hair，Jack？”
Jack said，“I tried a new barber's shop today，because I wasn't quite satisfied(满意的) with my old one，but this new one seems even 24._______(bad)．”cutlaughedhappenedworse Bob agreed.“Yes，I think you are right，Jack.Now I'll tell you 25.______ to do when you go into a barber's shop next time: look at all the barbers' hair，find out 26.______(who) hair looks worst，and then 27.____(go) straight to him.”
“Why shall I go to him？” Jack asked. “But that would be foolish！”
“Oh，no，it wouldn't，” answered Bob.“Who 28.____(cut) that man's hair？”Just think it.He couldn't cut it 29.________(him)，could he？Another barber cut it.So you know he can't be the 30.________(bad) barber.howwhosegocuthimselfworst四、阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
One stormy night years ago，an elderly man and his wife entered a small hotel in Philadelphia.Trying to get out of the rain，they came to the front desk __31__ to get some shelter for the night.
“Could you possibly give us a room here？” the husband asked.
The clerk，a friendly man with a warm smile，looked at the couple and __32__，“All of our rooms __33__， but I can't send a nice couple like you out into the rain __34__ one o'clock in the morning.Would you perhaps be __35__ to sleep in my room？” The couple agreed happily. The next morning，the elderly man said to the clerk，“You are the kind of manager __36__ should be the boss of the best hotel in the United States.Maybe someday I'll build one for you.”
The clerk __37__ him and smiled.
Two years passed.The clerk __38__ a letter from the old man，which reminded him __39__ the stormy night，and a ticket to New York __40__，asking the young man to pay them a visit.
The old man met him in New York and __41__ him to a great new building.
“This，”said the old man，“is the hotel I have just built for you to manage.”
“You must be joking，”the young man said.
“I promise that I am __42__，”said the old man. The old man was William Waldorf Astor，and that great building was the original Waldorf-Astoria Hotel.The young clerk __43__ became its __44__ manager was George C．Bold.He could never have __45__ that he would become the manager of one of the world's best hotels. （ ）31.A.hoping B．refusing C．encouraging D．failing
（ ）32.A.asked B．explained C．suggested D．shouted
（ ）33.A.take B．took C．taken D．are taken
（ ）34.A.at B．on C．in D．under
（ ）35.A.willing B．will C．be willing D．is willing
（ ）36.A.when B．who C．how D．whatABDAAB （ ）37.A.looked at B．looked for C．looked like D．looked after
（ ）38.A.bought B．sent C．gave D．received
（ ）39.A.in B．on C．of D．at
（ ）40.A.enclose B．enclosed C．was enclosed D．is enclosed
（ ）41.A.led B．pushed C．carried D．told
（ ）42.A.strict B．rich C．creative D．serious
（ ）43.A.what B．who C．when D．how
（ ）44.A.second B．first C．last D．third
（ ）45.A.imagined B．invited C．missed D．preferredADCCADBBA五、阅读下面材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
In nature，you may see many insects(昆虫) and animals of different colors.Have you ever wondered why?
Locusts are super delicious food for birds，but it is not always an easy job for birds to catch them.It is neither because locusts are good jumpers or runners nor because they are smarter than their enemies.The reason is that the colors of locusts change with the colors of crops(庄稼)．When crops are young，locusts look green.But when autumn comes，locusts change to the yellow and brown color as crops do. Brown bears，tigers and other animals move quietly through forests.They can't be seen easily by their enemies.This is because they have colors similar to the trees.For the same reason，polar bears that live on a land of snow and ice are white.Butterflies and bees living among the flowers are colorful like flowers.Soil insects are mostly dark-colored and they live under the soil in a dark and wet environment.However，insects with colors different from plants can easily be found and eaten by others.So in order to survive，they have to hide themselves in the daytime and appear only at night.
Have you ever noticed some even stranger acts？The ink fish in the sea can send out some very black ink when it faces danger.As the ink spreads over，its enemies will find themselves suddenly in a dark world.At the same time the ink fish immediately swims away.That is how it keeps itself safe though it is not strong at all.（ ）46．It is not easy for birds to catch locusts because __D__．
A．locusts are good runner
B．locusts can jump very high
C．locusts are smarter than birds
D．locusts can change their colors
D（ ）47．According to the passage，most soil insects __ __．
A．do not have bright colors
B．change their colors with the soil
C．do not live under the soil
D．like to eat colorful insects
（ ）48．The underlined word “survive” means “__ __”．
A．繁殖 B．产卵 C．觅食 D．生存
（ ）49．The ink fish __ __ so that its enemies will not see it.
A．changes its color B．makes the water around it black
C．appears only at night D．hides itself in the sea rocksADB六、根据短文内容和括号内所给汉语意思，写出空白处各单词的正确形式(每空一词)。
These days, a Chinese girl's travel diary has become a hit online.
Zhao Xing, with only a 50.______(地图), a travel bag, and 30 yuan, left the Chinese mainland for the 51.______(第一) time to Taiwan. At the 52._______(机场), she was helped by a man who even told her his phone number. A bus driver was kind enough to wake her up when she fell 53.________(睡着的) on the ride.
In Taiwan, Zhao told the man who 54.________(给) her a ride that she was from Beijing. The man asked if there was 55._________(任何事) else he could do to help make her journey 56.________(更好的)．mapfirstairportasleepgaveanythingbetter “After coming back and thinking over everything I've experienced, I realized that the people impressed me the most, not the beautiful scenes or tasty food.” Zhao 57.________(写) in her online diary.
From Beijing to Taiwan, so close, so 58._____(遥远的) away. Zhao's wish is to encourage others to realize their 59.______(自己的) dreams of making the world a smaller, more friendly place for all.
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