课件18张PPT。第十五讲主谓一致 中考对主谓一致的考查主要包括下面三点：
1．学科名词作主语；表示时间、长度、价格、质量等短语作主语；the＋姓氏名词复数作主语；一些以 s 结尾的不可数名词作主语，如 news，math；不定代词＋名词作主语，如 both of，neither 等。
2．主语后带有 with，except，like 等介词短语。
3．就近原则。如 there be 句型，either...or...，not only...but also...等。
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。因此，找出句子的真正主语是关键。同时，要遵循三个原则：语法一致，意义一致和就近原则。【热点考向一】 语法一致原则
1．单数可数名词/代词、不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；复数可数名词/代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如：He is a tall man.他是个高个子男人。
Some bread is on the table.一些面包在桌上。
The boys are playing football.这些男孩正在踢足球。2．当 and 或 both...and...连接两个或两个以上的名词/代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如：A pen and a pencil are useful school things.钢笔和铅笔是有用的文具。
Both Jim and Bill are in the library.吉姆和比尔都在图书馆。3．单数主语即使后面带有由 with，together with，like，but，except，besides，as well as 等短语，谓语动词仍用单数。
如：Mr.Hu with a book in his hand comes into the classroom.胡先生走进了教室，手里拿着一本书。4．不定代词 each，another，the other，either，neither 和由 some，any，no，every＋one 或 thing 构成复合不定式代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：Everything is ready.一切都准备好了。
5．every...，every...and every...，each...，each...and each...作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：Each boy and each girl has an apple in their hands.
每个男孩和女孩手里都有一个苹果。6．one，every one，each，each one，anyone，neither，either＋of＋复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：Every one of the students is listening to the teacher carefully.每个学生都在认真听老师讲课。
7．none 作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数。
如：None of us is/are perfect.人无完人。
8．复数形式的名词(clothes，pants，shoes，shorts，gloves，trousers，glasses，scissors等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如：My trousers are new.我的裤子是新的。9．a pair/set/kind...＋of＋复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：A set of keys is lying on the floor.地板上有一串钥匙。
10．“the＋形容词/分词”指一类人。
如：the rich 富人，the living 活着的人。
作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如：The sick have been taken good care of.病人已经被好好照顾了。11．不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：To study hard is our job.努力学习是我们的工作。
12．half of，the rest of，most of，all of 及“百分数或分数＋of”等后接名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于 of 后的名词。
如：Most of the apples were bad.大部分的苹果是烂的。
Most of the apple was eaten by a mouse.这个苹果大半部分被老鼠吃掉了。
注意：population 作为整体时，其谓语动词用单数；主语指“人口中的一部分”时，其谓语动词用复数。例1：Everybody except Mike and Linda ________(be) there when the meeting began.(2015，泰安)
解析：单数主语即使后面带有“except”短语，谓语动词仍用单数。
【热点考向二】 意义一致原则
1．集体名词(family，group，crowd，class等)作主语时，谓语动词要根据主语的意思来决定。表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；表示集体中的成员时，谓语动词用复数。was如：Our class wins the basketball match.我们班赢了篮球比赛。
Our class are talking about the trip.我们班同学正在讨论这次郊游。
2．集体名词(people，police等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数；但 clothing，traffic，furniture 等无生命的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：The people in the park are talking loudly.公园里人们正在高声讨论着。
3．表示时间、金钱、距离、度量的等名词作主语，尽管是复数形式，它们作为一个单一的概念时，其谓语动词用单数形式。
如：Ten miles is a good distance.十英里是一个相当远的距离。4．数学运算作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：One and one is two.一加一等于二。
5．形式为复数而意义为单数的名词(news，physics，math等)，或专有名词(the United States，the New Times，the United Nations等)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：The news makes us excited.这消息使我们激动。
例2：Three million ________(be) a large number.You can make it smaller.(2015，宜宾)
解析“three million”作为一个整体，看作单数。is【热点考向三】 就近原则
就近原则，即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最邻近它的名词、代词等词的数。
1．there，here 引导的句子。
如：There is a book and two pens on the table.桌上有一本书和两支钢笔。
There are two pens and a book on the table.桌上有两支钢笔和一本书。
2．or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...连接两个名词或代词作主语时。如：Either Lily or Lucy comes to the party.要么莉莉，要么露茜来参加晚会。
Not only Jim but also his parents want to live in China.不仅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中国。
He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。例3：—What would you like to have for supper?
—Either noodles or rice ________(be) OK.I don't mind.(2015，安顺)
解析：“either...or...”遵循就近原则，“rice”为单数，谓语动词用单数。
例4.Neither the headmaster nor the teachers ________(be) going to take a vacation next week.(2015，呼和浩特)
解析：“neither...nor...”遵循就近原则，“teachers”为复数，谓语动词用复数。isare【热点考向四】 主谓一致中几组易混易错词汇
1．并列连词and连接并列主语。
(1)and 连接两个或多个单数名词/代词或不可数名词并列共同作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如：My friend and I are going to the cinema this weekend.这个周末我的朋友和我要去看电影。
(2)and 连接两个名词的并列主语，表示同一个概念时，谓语动词用单数。如：The dancer and singer is coming to our city next week.这个舞蹈家兼歌唱家下周将来我们城市。
(3)and 连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，当 bread and butter 黄油抹面包，knife and fork 刀叉等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：Whisky and soda is always his favorite drink.威士忌酒加苏打水是他最喜欢的饮料。2．each 作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语决定。
如：Each of us has a dictionary＝We each have a dictionary.我们每个人都有一本字典。
3．“the number of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“a number of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如：The number of wild animals is becoming smaller and smaller.野生动物的数量正变得越来越少了。
A number of wild animals are in danger.很多野生动物正处于危险中。例5：—How many women doctors are there in your hospital?
—The number of them ________(be) over twenty.(2015，益阳)
解析：“the number of”意为“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。is 课件16张PPT。第十五讲 主谓一致一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．Not only she but also I ________(do)morning exercises every day.
2．If everyone ________(follow) the traffic rules，there will be fewer accidents on the road.
3．The number of the teachers in the school ____(be) 120.
4．Ten divided by two _______(equal) five.
5．Every boy and every girl _______(want) to go there.dofollowsisequalswants二、根据中文提示填写单词。
6. Carmen likes musicians who ________(玩)different kinds of music.
7．This pair of shoes __________(适合)me well，but the shoes are expensive.
8．The sun __________(提供) us with light and heat，we can't live without it.
9．—I called you at 5：00 yesterday afternoon，but no one answered.
—Sorry，I with my parents ______________(购物) at that time.
10．The government should encourage social groups to care for the disabled who ________(有) difficulties in life.playsuits/fitsprovideswas shoppinghave三、根据句意用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
11．Both Jane and Kangkang ______(be) students.
12．Not only Jane and Maria but also I ______(be) tired of having one examination after another.
13．Not only I but also Jane and Maria ____(be) tired of having one examination after another.
14．Either Tom or his brothers ________ (have) to water the flowers.
15．Either his brothers or Tom ____ (have) to water the flowers.
areamarehavehas16．Neither he nor you _______(need) to leave now.
17．Neither you nor he _______(need) to leave now.
18．—Do you need more time to complete the task?
—Yes. Another ten days ____(be) enough.
19．—Math __ __(be) my favorite subject. What about you?
—Physics __ __(be). I think it's very interesting.
20．There __ __(be) some milk and two eggs on the table.needneedsisisisis四、阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词，或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空(每空不多于3个单词)。
The writer and speaker 21.__________(give) a speech on Chinese culture in her hometown now. The streets to the lecture hall 22.____(be) crowded with her fans. The police 23.____________(help) people enter the hall. Each of her fans 24.____(be) so crazy 25.______ a boy, together with his friends, 26.____________ (wait) for three hours there. 27.________ three hours 28.__ __(be) very long, each of them still 29._____(feel) happy. Because they have learnt a lot 30._______ her.is givingareare helpingisthatis waitingThoughisfeelsfrom五、阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳选项(每空不多于3个单词)。
Three rich men __31__ traveling together to a poor village.
The first rich man __32__ all his money with the villagers and left.
The second rich man gave the villagers all his food. He thought money would be of little use to them. He made sure that each villager would have enough __33__ to last for some time and then he left.
The third rich man travelled through the village __34__ stopping. The other two rich men knew about this and talked about him __35__ each other. They thought the third rich man was not __36__ at all. However, two days later, they met the third rich man again. He was traveling even more __37__， but his wagons(马车) __38__ now __39__ with useful farming tools and seeds(种子)，instead of money or food. He gave the things out and began to teach the poor villagers how to use them.
This happened a long time ago，__40__ we can see the very same thing happening today，too. Some people only give things that they have, but they don't know what would really be __41__ to those in need. And there __42__ other people. They don't __43__ what others think of them. Instead, they try to find the best way to help those who __44__ in great need of help. They give them something much more valuable __45__ money. （ ）31.A.were B．was C．are D．is
（ ）32.A.sold B．stole C．shared D．received
（ ）33.A.gold B．food C．clothes D．money
（ ）34.A.in B．towards C．without D．at
（ ）35.A.about B．of C．in D．with
（ ）36.A.sad B．strong C．clever D．kind
（ ）37.A.quickly B．quietly C．suddenly D．softly
（ ）38.A.was B．were C．are D．isACBCDDAB （ ）39.A.filled B．put C．played D．built
（ ）40.A.so B．then C．while D．but
（ ）41.A.different B．useful C．expensive D．heavy
（ ）42.A.be B．is C．are D．being
（ ）43.A.hear of B．know about C．care about D．look for
（ ）44.A.are B．is C．were D．was
（ ）45.A.instead B．than C．as D．withoutA D B C C A B 六、阅读下面材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
It was the last day of the final examination in a college. On the steps of building, a group of engineering students were waiting for the last exam. On their faces was confidence.
They knew the exam would be easy. The professor had said they could bring any books or notes during the test.
Right after they came into the classroom. The professor handed out the papers. There were only five questions on it. Three hours passed. Then the professor began to collect the papers. The students no longer looked confident. On their faces was nervous expression. The professor watched the worried faces before him, and then asked, “How many of you have completed all five questions？” No hand was raised. “How many of you have answered four？” Still no hands. “Three？Two？” The students moved restlessly in their seats. “One, then？Certainly somebody has finished one.” But the class kept silent. The professor said, “That is exactly what I expected. I just want to make you know clearly that even though you have completed four years of engineering. There are still many things about the subject you don't know. These questions you could not answer are common in everyday practice.” Then, smiling, he added, “You will all pass this course, your education has just begun.”
The years have obscured the name of this professor, but not the lesson he taught.（ ）46.Why did the students think the exam was easy at first?
A．Because it was their last exam in the college.
B．Because they knew there were only five questions.
C．Because they thought they were clever and talented.
D．Because they were allowed to bring any books and notes during the test.D （ ）47.What does the underlined word “obscured” mean in the last paragraph?
A．使模糊 B．使回忆
C ．使提醒 D．使改变
（ ）48.What could the students learn from the last exam?
A．He laughs best who laughs last.
B．A good beginning is half done.
C．One is never too old to learn.
D．The early bird catches the worm.
A C （ ）49.What's the best title for the article?
A．Some Confident Students B．An Engineering Exam
C．An Interesting Professor D．An Unforgettable Lesson七、根据短文内容和括号内所给汉语意思，写出空白处各单词的正确形式(每空一词)。
It was a winter morning, just a few 50.______(星期) before Christmas. While most people were driving their cars to work, Jim, my husband had to get up 51.________(早地) to ride his bike four kilometers away from home to the factory. When he 52.________(到达), he parked his bike outside the back 53.______(门) as he usually did. After 10 hours, he returned to 54.______(发现) his bike gone.D weeks early arrived door find The bike was our only transport(交通工具). Jim used it to go to work.And we used it to get to the supermarket, 55._____(也). So we didn't have to 56.______(步行) a long way from our home to buy food.
I was so 57.______(悲伤的) that someone stole our bike that I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story. Shortly after that, several people in our 58.________(城镇) offered to help. One stranger even bought a bike, and then called my husband to pick it up.
It was so 59.____________(极好的，绝妙的) that my husband could get to and return from his work by bike again.too walk sad town wonderful
