2016届中考英语（译林版）复习热点题型学案：第5课时 首字母填空

第5课时　首字母填空
　　[题型特征]首字母填空题的特点是将一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )篇文章中若干个词“掏空”,留下该词的首字母,它既作为提示又作为限制,让我们根据短文的意思把单词拼写完整,使文章连贯。
[解题策略]1. 首先要通读短文,了解文章的大意。只要能了解短文的大意即可,细节不理解可以跳过。
2. 在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头(一般不设空)和结尾,它们能提供主要的信息,帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。
3. 做完以后,再认真读一遍,检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符,文章是否通顺,前后是否呼应,有无拼写、句型结构及语法错误。
首字母填空题是试卷中较难的一个题型,考查学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )生对文章整体的把握、上下文之间的联系以及学生熟练运用英语知识的能力。学生需要加强训练,争取在这个题型的考试中得高分。
例1　(2015·江苏泰州·六)根据短文内容及首字母提示,补全空格内单词,使短文完整、通顺。
Everyone wants to be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )successful. As a student,you also want to have success at school,no matter w　1　 you’re good at studies or not. But it’s difficult to learn all the lessons well because it requires good ways and habits. If you take right ways of studying,you can m　2　 great progress. Here I will offer you some a　3　.
Firstly,be su ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re to make up your mind to work h　4　 and do well in everything you learn. It is wise of you to do your b　5　 in your studies.
Secondly,it’s neces ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sary for you to have a good study habit. While s　6　,make sure to pay attention to it. After you finish your study,don’t forget to find some time for f　7　 in order to help you relax as well.
Thirdly,you shoul ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d try to learn every subject well. If you are w　8　 in a subject,you need to encourage yourself to do well in it You should often remind yourself why you need to study.
Finally,you had b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )etter t　9　 notes in class because you cannot remember everything. These notes will be h　10　 for you to review or remember what you have learnt. If you forget some points,you can go over them.
If you take all the su ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ggestions,you will certainly develop into a better student in studies.
【文章大意】每个人都想成功 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。作为一个学生,你也想在学校取得成功,无论你学习好还是不好。本文作者就如何养成良好的习惯,以正确的方式学习,给出了一些建议。首先,一定要下定决心努力把所学的一切都学好。其次,养成良好的学习习惯。第三,努力学习每门课程。最后,最好在课堂上记笔记。
1. whether　【解析】无论你学习好或不好。根据后面or not可知该填写whether。
2. make　【解析】如果你以正确的方式学习,你可以取得很大的进步。make 取得很大的进步,所以填写make。
3. advice　【解析】在这里,我将给你提供一些建议。根据下文内容可知该填advice。
4. hard　【解析】首先,一定要下定决心努力学习,把所学的一切都学好。work hard努力学习,所以填写hard。
5. best　【解析】你在学习上尽你最大努力是明智的do one’s best尽最大努力,所以填best。
6. studying　【解析】而学习,一定要全神贯注于它。
7. fun　【解析】你 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )完成学业后,别忘了找一些时间娱乐,来帮助你放松。根据后面in order to help you relax as well可知填fun。
8. weak　【解析】如果你在一个学科上弱,你需要鼓励自己做好它。be weak in 在某方面弱,所以填写weak。
9. take　【解析】你最好在课堂上记笔记,因为你不可能记住所有的。take notes做笔记,所以填take。
10. helpful　【解析】这些笔记将有助于你复习或记住你所学到的。
例2　(2015·江苏南通·66~75 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )·10分)请认真阅读下面短文,并根据各题所给首字母的提示,写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式,使短文通顺。
Stress is a state o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f being upset that happens when we are under pressure. We students have all experienced stress over problems with our everyday (1)l　　　　. We may go to school or come back home with worries. Some worry about the (2)r　　　　 of tests or exams,difficulty with their studies,or too much homework. (3)O　　　　 feel bad about being overweight or lack(缺少) of free time.
Since stress can ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )make us sick,we have to learn how to (4)d　　　　 with it. When you are stressed,don’t forget your hobbies. If you are fond of (5)m　　　　,just turn on the radio or CD player. Generally,(6)p　　　　 think that TV may interfere(干扰) with their children’s studies. However,if you worry about your English and don’t (7)k　　　　 what to do,you can get help from English TV programs. It is also helpful to (8)s　　　　 your worries with your friends. They will surely give you some (9)a　　　　 and help you out of trouble.
So,if we treat stres ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s properly,we can (10)r　　　　 ourselves and keep away from its bad effects.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了学生压力的几种成因以及处理压力的一些方法。
1. lives　【解析】这里指的是日常的生活。
2. result　【解析】这里指的是担心考试的结果。
3. others　【解析】这里指的是其他人的一些忧虑。
4. deal　【解析】这里指的是怎样处理压力。
5. music　【解析】根据下面的收音机和影碟机可知。
6. parents　【解析】这里指的是父母认为电视会干扰孩子的学习。
7. know　【解析】这里指的是人们不知道做什么。
8. share　【解析】这里指的是与朋友分担烦恼。
9. advice　【解析】这里指的是“他们会给你一些建议”。
10. relax　【解析】这里指的是自我放松。
Ⅰ. (2015·天津·81~90·10分)
On July 2,1937,Ame ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lia Earhart(an American pilot) and Fred Noonan left New Guinea for Howland Island in the Pacific. This was the longest and most dangerous part of their t　1　 around the world. Earhart had trouble soon after the plane took off. The weather was very bad,so she had to f　2　 at 3,000 metres. Going this high,the plane used fuel quickly.
After about 20 h　3　 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),Earhart and Noonan got close to Howland Island. The island was o　4　 about 65 miles(英里) away,but the bright sun was shining in their faces so they couldn’t see it. Near Howland,a ship was w　5　 for the plane. Earhart contacted the ship:“We don’t have enough fuel,” she said. The ship tried to stay in touch with her b　6　 got no answer. Finally,the ship called for help. People looked for Earhart and Noonan for days. However,they found nothing.
What happened t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o Amelia Earhart No one knows for sure. D　7　 the flight,she probably moved in the wrong direction(方向) because the sun was bright and it was d　8　 to see. So she got lost;soon after,her plane ran out of fuel,and she died at sea. Another idea is that she survived(幸存) the plane crash(飞机失事),s　9　 to a lonely island,and later died there. Still other think she survived the crash and secretly returned to the U.S. with a new identity(身份).
Till now,none of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ese i　10　 has been proved. People are still wondering about them.(Noonan’s body has never been found either.) No matter what happened,Earhart probably died as she wished. “When I go,” she said,“I’d like best to go in my plane.”
Ⅱ. (2013·山东东营·71~80·10分)
March 5 is “Lei Feng ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Day”. It started fifty years ago. Now half a (1)c　　　　 has passed. Is the spirit(精神) of Lei Feng outdated(过时的)
Some people ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve shown us that it is (2)n　　　　. But people have also changed the ways in which they help others.
Zhao has been a vol ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )unteer for 18 years. She still (3)r　　　　 her experience at an old people’s home several years ago. An old man held her hand and said,“You don’t need to do (4)a　　　　 for us. Seeing young people here is all we need.”
Those words made Zh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ao (5)t　　　　:in what ways can we better help people “Before we give a helping hand,we should find out what they (6)w　　　　,” Zhao said to the Qilu Evening News.
Besides Zhao,other p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eople have shown their understanding of the spirit of Lei Feng.
Last January,“noodle f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ever” swept Zhengzhou,Henan. One local man,Li Gang,42,said in his post that he had a (7)s　　　　 illness and needed a lot of money for an operation. However,what he asked for wasn’t charity,(8)b　　　　 for more people to come to eat noodles at his restaurant.
Li’s post spread ( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )9)q　　　　. Soon his restaurant was filled with customers(顾客) every day and Li was able to (10)a　　　　 to have his operation on February 2.
In this way,people could help Li without hurting his dignity(自尊).
Ⅲ. (2015·湖北枣阳·73~83·10分)
In American schools ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) there is something called Homecoming Day. Many high schools and colleges w　1　 a football team have a homecoming game. This can be the most i　2　 event of the year except graduation or commencement(毕业典礼) day. Students plan homecoming day for many weeks in advance(预先).
Several days before ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Homecoming,students start to decorate(装饰) the school. There are sings to wish luck to the team,and many other signs to welcome all the g　3　. Many people still come to Homecoming twenty or thirty years after t　4　 graduation.
The members of sc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hool clubs build booths(摊位) and s　5　 lemonade,apples and sandwiches. Some clubs help to w　6　 visitors.
During the day peo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ple like to look for teachers that they r　7　 from long ago. Often they see old friends and they talk together about those happy years in school.
Everyone soon comes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to watch the football game. When the game is half over,the band comes onto the field and plays school songs. A　8　 important moment is when the Homecoming Queen or King appears. All the students vote a most popular student Homecoming Queen or King. It is a great honor to be c　9　.
Homecoming is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a happy day,but it won’t be perfect u　10　 the football team wins the game. Even if the team l　11　,the students still enjoy Homecoming. Some stay at the school to dance,and others go to a party.
For everyone it is a day worth remembering.
Ⅳ. (2015·山东东营·71~80·10分)阅读下面短文,根据短文内容及首字母提示,在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
A young woman ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in her twenties was sitting on the train,next to her mother. They both looked tired but excited.
The young woman was l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ooking out (1)f　　　　 the train’s window. Suddenly,she shouted,“Mom,look,the trees are behind us!” Her voice was so (2)l　　　　 that everyone on the train heard.
Mom smiled. (3)B　　　　 a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) young couple who were sitting nearby looked at the young woman’s childish(孩子气的) behavior with pity. “Poor girl. There must be something wrong with her (4)m　　　　.” they thought.
A few minutes later,th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e young woman shouted (5)a　　　　. “Mom,look!The clouds are running with us!” Mom smiled again. And she seemed very happy with her daughter’s (6)w　　　　 that she said just now.
Finally,the co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uple couldn’t help asking the old woman,“Sorry if we offend(冒犯) you. But why don’t you (7)t　　　　 your daughter to a good doctor ”
The old woman sm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iled and said,“Actually,we have just come from a hospital.”
“Then you should go t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o a (8)b　　　　 one. Because it seems that your daughter’s situation(状况) hasn’t improved.” said one of them. They felt so bad for the old woman.
“No,in fact I’m ver ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y happy with the treatment(治疗).” said the mother,“My daughter was blind from birth. Today,she is seeing the world for the (9)f　　　　 time.”
Every single pers ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on has a story. Don’t judge(判断) people before you know (10)t　　　　 well. The truth might surprise you.
答案
第5课时　首字母填空
Ⅰ. 1. travel/tour/trip　2. fly　3. hours　4. only　5. waiting
6. but　7. During　8. difficult　9. swam　10. ideas
Ⅱ. 【文章大意】本文通过赵小姐和李刚两个例子说明雷锋精神并不过时。
1. century　2. not　3. remembers　4. anything　5. think
6. want　7. serious　8. but　9. quickly　10. afford
Ⅲ. 1. with　2. important　3.graduates　4. their　5. sell
6. welcome　7. remember　8. Another　9. chosen
10. unless　11. loses
Ⅳ. 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了一个曾经失明的年轻女子第一次重见光明的兴奋以及旁人在不知情的情况下的误解言语。
1. from　解析:这里指的是从窗子向外面看。
2. loud　解析:这里指的是年轻女子大声地说。
3. But　解析:这里表示一对年轻的夫妇在听到这个女子说话时的不同的反应。
4. mind　解析:这个句子说的是:她的脑子肯定有问题。
5. again　解析:这里说的是这个年轻的妇女又叫了起来。
6. words　解析:这里说的是妈妈对女儿的话感到很高兴。
7. take　解析:这里说的是带你的女儿去医院。
8. better　解析:这里指的是更好的医院。
9. first　解析:这里说的是她正在第一次看世界。
10. them　解析:这里指代前面的人(people)。