2016届中考英语（译林版）复习热点题型学案：第4课时 任务型阅读

第4课时　任务型阅读
　　[题型特征]这类题目难度较大,重点考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )查学生对语言知识的实际运用能力,该题型在近几年趋向考查学生对文章的深层次的理解,而不再局限于在文章中找出现成的答案,需要学生对知识的运用和转换的能力。要求学生在阅读理解的基础上,去完成一项任务或解决一个问题,它主要考查学生根据所提供语言信息具体解决实际问题的能力;同时还注重考查学生的阅读理解、书面表达、归纳概括、分析理解、逻辑推理及社会生活知识的综合运用能力。任务型阅读理解题题型丰富,近年来考查形式大致如下:回答问题型、阅读填空型、看图推断型等。
[解题策略]1. 认真审题,读懂题意。
2. 快速阅读,掌握大意。
3. 仔细阅读后面的题目要求,在原文找出问题题干所包括的信息部分,这样就可以快速准确地抓住有效信息,确保答题的准确性。
4. 在初步完成题目,学生必须再仔细阅读所提供的短文,结合题意、文章和文后提供的任务信息,认真核实,保证答题正确。
5. 注意读写结合,任务型阅读不仅考查学生 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )阅读理解层面的能力,更加注重考查学生“写”的能力。若是写单词,则要注意拼写正确,词形、词性有无变化,是否需要大写。
案例　(2015·江苏南京·56~65)阅读填空
阅读下面短文,根据所读内容,在文章后第1~10小题的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:每个空格只填1个单词。
Mayme Clayton collect ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed books,magazines,and letters written by African Americans. Her son,Avery Clayton,thought her collection was important. Unlike most books,these were rare and hard to find. They were written by writers who helped shape African American culture.
One book in t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he collection was written by Phillis Wheatley. Wheatley was a slave who wrote poetry. She was the first African American to publish(出版) a book. Wheatley herself signed(签名) the book in the Claytons’ collection. No one else owns a copy signed by Phillis Wheatley.
By the time she pas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sed away at age 83,Mrs Clayton had more than 30,000 books by or about black people. Her collection also includes papers about slaves,photographs,movies,sheet music,and personal letters by black leaders and artists. It is one of the biggest personal collections of African American history and culture in the United States.
Avery Clayton’s d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ream was to create a museum for his mother’s treasures. Scholars say that Mrs Clayton’s collection is very important. Without her work,part of African American heritage(遗产) would have been lost. “We didn’t know these things existed,” says Sara Hodson of California’s Huntington Library.
The collection’s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )new home is likely to be in Culver City,California. Part of Avery Clayton’s dream is to share the cultural riches his mother collected with others. He especially wants kids to have a chance to see the collection. “At present African American culture is being explained by pop culture,” he says. “It’s important to offer a more complete picture.”
Mayme Clayton and Her Collection
Personal information ·She liked 　1　 books,m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )agazines and letters written by African Americans. ·She 　2　 when she was 83 years old.
Her collection ·Compared wit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h othe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r books,the books she collected couldn’t be found 　3　. ·The only co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )py written and 　4　 by Phillis Wheatley was in her collection. ·She had a large co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )llection　5　 books，papers，photographs and other things by black leaders and artists. ·Her collection is of great 　6　 to African American history and culture.
Her　7　 dream ·A 　8　 for the tr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )easures would be created. ·He hopes to 　9　 the cultural riches collected by his mother with more people,especially with 　10　.
【文章大意】本文介绍了Mayme Cla ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )yton以及她有关美国黑人的书籍、杂志、信件等的收藏。她的收藏在美国的黑人历史和文化中很重要,是一份重要的文化遗产。
1. collecting　【解析】根据文章第一段可知她喜欢收集书籍等。
2. died　【解析】文章中的pass away的意思是die(死亡)。
3. easily　【解析】根据文章 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第一段中的句子Unlike most books,these were rare and hard to find.可知。这里是副词修饰动词,句意是:这些书籍不容易找到。
4. signed　【解析】根据文章第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )二段中的最后一句话No one else owns a copy signed by Phillis Wheatley.可知。
5. including　【解 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )析】根据文中句子Her collection also includes papers about slaves,photographs,movies,sheet music,and personal letters by black leaders and artists.可知。因为这里是一个句子,所以此处用介词including来表示“包括”的意思。
6. importance　【解析】根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据句子Scholars say that Mrs Clayton’s collection is very important.可知。be of+名词importance就是be+important的意思。
7. son’s　【解析】根据文章中的句子 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Her son,Avery Clayton,thought her collection was important.可知。
8. museum　【解析】 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )根据文章句子Avery Clayton’s dream was to create a museum for his mother ‘s treasures.可知。
9. share　【解析】根据文章最后 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一段中的句子Part of Avery Clayton ‘s dream is to share the cultural riches his mother collected with others.可知。
10. kids　【解析】根据句子He ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) especially wants kids to have a chance to see the collection.可知。
Ⅰ. (2015·湖南长沙·56~69)
Some etiquette(礼仪) in modern life
Do you often use a c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ellphone Do you take the subway to school every day These items make our modern life easier. But do you know how we should behave properly while using them The following suggestions might be helpful.
For cellphone users
◆Keep your voice down ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )when you make a phone call in public. Shouting on the phone may make others feel uncomfortable. And you’d better not use it during an appointment(约会).
◆Stop sending mess ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ages or playing games with your cellphone at a dinner or a party. It’s a good time to communicate(交流) with your family and friends.
◆Don’t make or answ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er a call while driving. It is not only very dangerous for both you and your passengers but also against the law.
For subway passengers
◆You are supposed to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) wait in line while buying tickets and getting on the subway.
◆You’re not allow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to eat,drink or smoke on the subway train. The smell and noise may trouble others. It’s our duty to keep the train clean and tidy. Besides,smoking is bad for health.
◆You can’t take pe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts on the train. As we all know,animals may spread diseases(传播疾病) and get the train dirty.
◆You’d better not l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ie across the subway seats even if the train isn’t crowded. Offering your seat to someone who needs it is regarded as good manners.
Titles:Some etiquette in modern life
Items(项目) Do’s Don’ts
Cell-phoneusers Keep your 　1　 down in public ●Don’t send messages or play games at a dinner or a party.●Don’t make or answer 　2　 while driving.
　3　 ●Wait in line●Keep the train 　4　 ●Offer your seat to someone who needs it. ●Don’t eat,drink or smoke on the train.●　5　 on the train. ●Don’t lie across the subway seats.
Ⅱ. (2015·江苏宿迁·66~75)
Why should stu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dents play sports Some people think that students play sports in order to get exercise. Others think it can help students have fun. But that is not enough. If students play sports,they can get more than healthy bodies. Why Here are three more reasons.
Students who ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )play sports do better in school. Some people think that doing exercise will take up students’ study time. But a recent study has shown that students who play sports get better scores in school than those who don’t. Exercise gets students to learn,remember things and concentrate better.
Students who play spo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rts develop their teamwork spirits and learn problem-solving skills. When they are working together with others to win games and reach goals,they’re learning how to be successful in practice. And these skills will be useful to them for study or their future work.
Playing sports can als ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o improve confidence. Students who play sports feel better about themselves. When they know they can improve and reach their goals by practising,it builds their confidence. And sports can also help them communicate with others actively and make new friends.
Now,how about going out to play sports with your friends every day
Why should students 　1　 sports
Common reasons Students play sports to 　2　 exercise or have fun.
More 　3　 Playing sports helps s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tudents get 　4　 scores in school. It also makes them learn,　5　 things and concentrate better.
Students who play sports can learn how to be 　6　 in practice.
Students develop teamwork spirits and learn problem-solving 　7　.
Playing sports can 　8　 confidence.
Sports can help students 　9　 with others and make new friends.
Advice Students should 　10　 out to play sports with friends every day.
答案
第4时　任务型阅读
Ⅰ. 【文章大意】本文分为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“cellphone users” 和 “subway passengers” 两部分 ,讲述了现代生活中应注意的礼仪。
1. voice　解析:细节理解 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )题。由For cellphone users部分第一段Keep your voice down when you make a phone call in public.可知答案。
2. a call　解析:细节题解题。由F ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or cellphone users部分第三段Don’t make or answer a call while driving.可知答案。
3. Subway passenger ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s　解析:细节理解题。可从文章结构看出分为 Cellphone users和 subway passengers两部分,第二部分是subway passengers应注意的事项。
4. clean and tidy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )　解析:细节理解题。For subway passengers部分第二段It’s our duty to keep the train clean and tidy可知答案。
5. Don’t take pe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts　解析:细节理解题。For subway passengers部分第三段You can’t take pets on the train.可知答案。
Ⅱ. 【文章大意】本文叙述了学生参加体 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )育运动的原因,一是体育运动能够有助于学生取到更好的成绩,能够使学生更加专心地学习。二是体育运动可以发展学生的团队精神并且学会自己解决问题的技能。三是体育运动能够提高学生的自信心。
1. play　解析:根据短文第一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句 Why should students play sports 　可知学生为什么要参加体育运动,故用play。
2. get　解析:根据 stude ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nts play sports in order to get exercise 学生参加体育运动为锻炼身体,故用get。
3. reasons　解析:根据 Here are three more reasons. 下面列举的是更多的原因,故用reasons。
4. better　解析:根据 But ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a recent study has shown that students who play sports get better scores in school than those who don’s.　可知参加体育锻炼能在学校得到更好的成绩,故用better。
5. remember　 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )解析:根据Exercise gets students to learn, remember things and concentrate better. 可知锻炼能使学生学习、雇东西和更加专心学习,故用remember。
6. successful　解析: ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )根据they’re learning how to be successful in practice. 参加体育锻炼的人学会如何在实践中取得成功,故用successful。
7. skills　解析 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ):根据Students who play sports develop their teamwork spirits and learn problem-solving skills.参加体育锻炼能够发展学生的团队精神并且学会解决问题的技能。故用skills。
8. improve　解析:根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Playing sports can also improve confidence.参加体育锻炼能够提高学生的自信心,故用improve。
9. communicate　解 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )析:根据And sports can also help them communicate with others actively and make new friends.可知参加体育运动可以帮助学生与其他的人交流并且也能交一些好朋友,故用communicate。
10. go　解析:根据 how ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )about going out to play sports with your friends every day 学生应该每天和朋友出去参加体育运动,故用go。