2016届中考英语（译林版）复习语法整合学案：第2课时 冠词

第2课时　冠　　词
　　中考对冠词的考查重点是不定冠词、定冠 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词以及零冠词的用法,题型以选择题为主。考查定冠词和不定冠词的区别;不定冠词重在考查学生对a和an的区分。
预计2016年将会考查定冠词与零冠词和不定冠词混合型为主的选择题。
冠词分为不定冠词(a,an)和定冠词(the)。
一、 不定冠词的用法
1. 用于可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一种类。如:
She is a girl. 她是一个女孩。
Pass me an apple,please. 请给我一个苹果。
2. 指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:
A boy is waiting for you. 一个男孩在等你。
We work six days a week. 我们一周工作六天。
3. 表示“一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one强烈。如:
We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow.
我们明天将要上一节英语课。
I have a mouth,a nose,two eyes and two ears.
我有一个嘴巴、一个鼻子、两只眼睛和两只耳朵。
4. 用于某些固定的词组中,如:
a few,a little,a lot of,have a rest,have a swim
注:用a还是an,要看后面的单词的读音是以辅音开头还是以元音开头。
二、 定冠词的用法
1. 用在谈话双方都知道所指人或物的名词前。如:
There is none on the playground. 操场上没有人。
Please close the window. 请把窗户关上。
2. 在序数词前或在“定冠词+年份的阿拉伯数字+s’”结构中,表示以“十年为一个单位”的年代。如:
He lives on the first floor. 他住在二楼。
They are going to sho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w you clothes from the 1970s to the 1990s.今天他们要向你们展示20世纪70年代到90年代的服装。
3. 用在表示乐器、报刊、杂志等名词前。如:
He likes playing the piano. 他喜欢弹钢琴。
I like playing the violin. 我爱拉小提琴。
He likes reading the People’s Daily. 他喜欢读《人民日报》。
4. 用在被词组、短语或句子修饰的名词前,含有特指意义。如:
The young man in sweater is my brother.
穿毛衣的那个人是我的哥哥。
The old woman you saw just now is my granny.
你刚才见到的那个老太太是我的奶奶。
5. 用在江河、湖海、山脉、建筑物、群岛、海峡等的专有名词前。如:
The Changjiang River is the third river in the world.
长江是世界第三大河。
The West Lake is a good place to travel.
西湖是旅游的好去处。
6. 用在名词化的形容词前,表示某一类人或物。如:
the poor穷人;the rich有钱人;the young年轻人;the wounded伤员;the beautiful美丽的东西
7. 用在表示方向/位的名词前。如:
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳在东方升起,在西方落下。
8. 用在形容词最高级前或在“the+比较级,the+比较级”的结构中,表示“越……越……”。如:
He is the tallest in our class. 他是我们班个子最高的。
The busier she is,the happier she feels.
她越忙,越感到幸福。
The better I know him,the more I learn from him. 我越了解他,向他学习的东西就越多。
9. 用在单数名词前,表示一类人或物。如:
The tree is a kind of plant. 树是一种植物。
The tiger is a ferocious animal. 老虎是一种凶猛的动物。
10. 用在固定搭配或习惯用语中。如:
in the morning在早晨/上午; ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )by the way顺便说/问一下;look the same看起来一样/相同;in the end最后/终于;in the front of在……的前部;in the middle of在……的中间;the number of……的数量
三、 零冠词的用法
1. 序数词前有物主代词等限定词时,不用定冠词。如:
This is her second song. 这是她的第二首歌。
2. 如果用序数词来表示街道时,前面一般不用定冠词。如:
Turn left on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )First Avenue and enjoy the city’s quiet street and small park. 从第一大道向左拐,享受城市中安静的街道和小公园的乐趣。
3. 动词play与球类、棋牌类等的名词连用时中间不用定冠词。如:
play basketball打篮球;play football踢足球;play chess下棋
4. 专有名词(如国名、地名、节日)一般情况下不用定冠词。例如:
—What do you eat at Dragon Boat Festival
——端午节你们通常吃什么
—We eat rice dumpling. ——我们吃粽子。
Walk along South Ro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ad. You’ll see Sunshine Town Railway Station on your right.
沿着南路走,在你的右边你就会看到阳光城火车站。
【注意】完全由普通名词构成的专有名 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词或由普通名词+形容词/分词构成的专有名词前,一般情况下要加定冠词。但是表示公园、广场、车站等的专有名词前一般不加定冠词。如:
the Reading Club阅 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )读俱乐部;the Swimming Club游泳俱乐部;the Summer Palace 颐和园;the Palace Museum故宫博物院;the United Union联合国
Can you tell me the wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y to Sunshine Town Railway Station from Sunshine Shopping Mall
你告诉我从向阳购物广场到阳光城火车站怎么走吗
5. 方位名词用来表示单纯的方向或方向之间的关系时,名词前不加冠词;如果这类词汇成对使用时,通常省略定冠词。如:
Northwest is opposite southeast. 西北与东南相对。
Our school is southwest of the post office.
我们学校在邮局的西南。
The house is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )20 meters from east to west,and 15 meters from north to south. 这房子从东到西20米,南北15米。
6. 最高级前有限定词(如物主代词等)时,不用定冠词。如:
He is my best friend. 他是我最好的朋友。
7. 泛指个体名词或抽象名词时,名词前不能加定冠词。如:
They are listening to music. 他们在听音乐。
There are no calories in water. 水里不含卡路里。
They are students. 他们是学生。
【注意】有的固定搭配或习惯用语中,使用和不用定冠词the意思相同。如:
at least=at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the least至少;turn left=turn to the left向左拐;on one hand...on the other hand=on the one hand...on the other hand一方面……,另一方面……
案例　(2015·江苏泰州·1·1分)Lu Jialei,14,from 　　　　Hangzhou Foreign Language School,won 　　　　first place in the CCTV Chinese Character Spelling Contest(中国汉字听写大会).
A. /;the　　　B. a;the 　　　C. a;a　　　D./;a
【解析】本题考查冠词的用法。前面指的是杭州的一所外国语学校,而下句指的是赢得第一名,所以前面用不定冠词a;而下空用定冠词the来表示。
【答案】 B
例1　名词前使用冠词的区分。
(2015·江苏扬州·1·1分)—Have you seen 　　　　film Where are We Going,Dad
—Yes,it’s 　　　　interesting film!
A. a;the B. the;an
C. a;an D. the;the
【解析】本题考查冠词的用法。因为上面是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )特指这部电影,用定冠词the;而下句指的是一部有趣的电影,又因为interesting是以元音音素开头的单词,所以这里用不定冠词an。
【答案】 B
例2　定冠词和不定冠词的运用。
(2015·四川达州·21·1分)—L ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ook!There is a monkey eating 　　　　apple in the tree.
—En,　　　　 monkey is very cute.
A. a;a B. a;the
C. an;an D. an;the
【解析】 本题考查冠词的用法。apple是以元音因素开头的单数名词,之前应该用不定冠词an;monkey是第二次提到,应该用定冠词。
【答案】 D
例3　不定冠词an的用法。
(2015·山东滨州·21·1分)—Look!Who’s 　　　　boy over there
—Oh,he is my cousin,Bob. He is 　　　　honest boy.
A. a;the B. the;a
C. the;an D. a;an
【解析】本题考查冠词的用法。句意: ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )——看!那边的那个男孩是谁 ——哦,是我堂弟鲍伯。他是一个诚实的孩子。定冠词the表示特指,那边的那个,而不是其他地方的那个。honest以元音音素开头,故前面用an。
【答案】 C
例4　不使用冠词的情况。
(2015·江苏模拟·1分)Many p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eople are still in 　　　　habit of writing silly things in 　　　　public places.
A. the;the B. 不填;不填
C. the;不填 D. 不填;the
【解析】 本题考查冠词的用法。be in the habit是固定搭配,有定冠词。第二空没有冠词,表泛指,没有指定哪个公共场所。
【答案】 C
例5　习惯用法。
(2015·山东菏泽·1分)Doin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g lots of listening practice is one of 　　　　best ways of becoming 　　　　good language learner.
A. the;the B. the;a
C. 不填;a　 D. the;不填
【解析】 本题考查冠词的用法。因为on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e of+最高级是固定结构,所以前面的空格用the;而后面泛指要成为一个好的语言学习者,所以后面空格处用不定冠词a。
【答案】 B
1. (2015·四川成都·31)I’m going to be 　　　　basketball player.
A. the B. a C. an
2. (2015·陕西·1分)I had 　　　　unusual day on my last school trip.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
3. (2015·甘肃白银·1分)—What’s 　　　　matter with you
—I have 　　　　toothache.
A. a;the B. the;/ C. /;a D. the;a
4. (2015·浙江湖州·1分)Who is 　　　　young lady with curly blonde hair
A. a B. an C. the D. /
5. (2015·浙江温州·1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )分)Cathy was very happy to meet 　　　　old friend on the plane to Paris.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
6. (2015·浙江温州·1分)—What’s the matter with you
—I can’t remember where I parked 　　　　car.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
7. (2015·重庆C·1分)I have 　　　　English dictionary and it helps me a lot.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
8. (2015·浙江丽水·1分)Mr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Smith has 　　　　8-year-old daughter who has won two national painting prizes.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
9. (2015·浙江绍兴·1分)My b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rother Fred woke up with 　　　　bad headache,yet by the evening the pain had gone.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
10. (2015·浙江台州 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )·1分)—What do you think of the new movie The Monkey King,Sally
—It’s 　　　　funny one.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
11. (2015·山东泰安·1分)—Is 　　　　red bag under the table yours,Jean
—No. I only have 　　　　yellow bag. Maybe it’s Julia’s.
A. a;the B. the;a C. a;a D. the;the
12. (2015·山东威海·1分)M ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )om,I like 　　　　green T-shirt. Could you buy it for me
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
13. (2015·山东聊城·1分)—Daming,what’s your dream
—I want to be 　　　　engineer some day.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
14. (2015·山东潍坊·1分)R ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eading can make you become 　　　　expert and change your life.
A. a B. an C. 不填 D. the
15. (2015·贵州黔西南·1分)—How was 　　　　dinner at Mike’s house
—It was great. Mike’s mum is 　　　　wonderful cook.
A. a;the B. the;a C. the;the D. a;an
16. (2015·河南·21·1分)—What 　　　　heavy rain it was!
—Yes,but I love 　　　　air after it rains. It smells so fresh.
A. the;a B. a;the C. the;the D. a;a
17. (2015·重庆·B·1分)Jolin is 　　　　famous singer. She has a lot of fans.
A. a B. an C. the D./
18. (2015·浙江杭州·1分)—My cousin went abroad at 　　　　age of eighteen.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
19. (2015·四川宜宾·1分)—I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) think English is 　　　　useful language,and it’s also 　　　　important language.
A. an;a B. a;an C. an;the D. a;the
20. (2015·内蒙古呼和浩特·1分)—Why did you laugh just now
—Ted wanted to tell us ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 　　　　very funny story,but he forgot 　　　　ending himself.
A. a;an B. the;the C. the;a D. a;the
21. (2015·山东东营·1分) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“If you stop dropping litter,I’ll kiss 　　　　 pig.” the head teacher promised the students at a school meeting.
A. a B. an C. the D./
22. 　　　　usually go to church every Sunday.
A. The Brown B. A Brown C. Browns D. The Browns
23. The train is running fifty miles 　　　　.
A. an hour B. one hour C. the hour D. a hour
24. 　　　　earth we live on is bigger than 　　　　moon.
A. The;a B. The;the C. An;a D. An;the
25. —What’s the matter with you
—I caught 　　　　bad cold and had to stay in 　　　　bed.
A. a;/ B. a;the C. a;a D. the;the
26. —Do you know 　　　　lady in blue
—Yes. She is a teacher of a university.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
27. —Where’s 　　　　nearest supermarket
—It’s over there,just around the corner.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
28. The young man will work in 　　　　school as a maths teacher.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
29. (2015·天津·21·1分)—Mary,who’s 　　　　woman over there
—She’s my aunt,　　　　 English teacher.
A. the;the B. a;the C. the;an D. a;an
30. It was 　　　　experience for her to live alone in this island.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
31. What 　　　　good time we had having a picnic yesterday!
A. a B. an C. / D. the
32. (2015·江苏镇江·1·1分 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))We can live a better life if we create 　　　　less polluted world.
A. the B. an C. a D. 不填
答案
第2课时　冠　　词
1~5　B B D C B　6~10　C B B A A
11~15　B C B B B　16~20　B A C B D
21~25 A D A B A　26~30 A C B C B　31~32　A C