2016届中考英语（译林版）复习语法整合学案：第3课时 代词

第3课时　代　　词
　　代词重在考查人称代词主格和宾格以及形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的区别和运用,重点题型是选择题。
预计2016年中考除了对人称代词、指示代 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词单、复数和物主代词的形容词性和名词性考查之外,还将考查不定代词、反身代词、关系代词和疑问代词以及代词it的运用。
代词是用来代替名词或名词词组的词。因此在句子中的功能和名词一样,可作主语、宾语和表语,有些代词还可以修饰名词。
英语代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词等。
现把学过的几种代词列表如下:
一、 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
代词主格(单数) I you he;she;it
代词主格(复数) we you they
宾格(单数) me you him;her;it
宾格(复数) us you them
形容词性物主代词(单数) my your his;her;its
形容词性物主代词(复数) our your their
名词性物主代词(单数) mine yours his;hers;its
名词性物主代词(复数) ours yours theirs
反身代词(单数) myself yourself himself;herself;itself
反身代词(复数) ourselves yourselves themselves
　　(一)人称代词
1. 人称代词作主语时用主格,作宾语(动词或介词后)时用宾格。如:
They are new here. Please help them.
他们是新来的,请帮助他们。
2. 作表语时,用宾格较多,尤其在口语中。如:
—Who’s that ——是谁 —It’s me.——是我。
3. 当几个代词同时作并列主语或宾语时,排列顺序通常是:
单数为:you,he/she and I
你、他/她、我
复数为:we,you and they
我们、你们、他们
案例　(2015·重庆·24·1分)Aun ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t Tina will visit us soon. 　　　　is arriving tomorrow morning.
A. He B. She
C. His　 D. Her
【解析】本题考查人称代词的用法。Aunt Tina是女性第三人称单数,后面一句中的主语应该用代词she来代替。
【答案】 B
(二)物主代词
1. 形容词性物主代词只能放在名词前作定语。如:my pen pal我的笔友,her name她的名字
2. 名词性物主代词常用来避免前面已经提及的名词,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。如:
This book is mine. Yours is on your desk.
这本书是我的。你的在你桌子上。
(三)反身代词
反身代词常和其他词连用,构成固定词组。如:
enjoy oneself 过得愉快;玩得高兴
by oneself 独自(做……);亲自
help oneself to... 随便吃……
come to oneself 苏醒
hurt oneself 受伤
teach oneself/learn by oneself 自学
案例　(2015·山东滨州·35·1分)T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he song I Believe I Can Fly tells us that believing in 　　　　is very important.
A. themselves B. itself
C. ourselves　 D. yourselves
【解析】考查反身代词的用法 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。句意:歌曲《I Believe I Can Fly》告诉我们,信任　　　　是很重要的。themselves他们自己;itself它自己;ourselves我们自己;yourselves你们自己。根据句中us可知此处应用ourselves。
【答案】 C
(四)it的用法
1. 代替刚提到过的一件事物。如:
I have a cat. It’s white. 我有一只猫,它是白色的。
2. 起指示代词的作用。如:
—What’s this/that ——这/那是什么
—It’s a dictionary.——是一本字典。
3. 指婴儿或身份不明的人。如:
Look at the baby!It’s smiling.
看那个婴儿,他在笑。
—Who’s knocking at the door ——谁在敲门
—It’s Jack.——是杰克。
4. 表示时间、天气、距离等。如:
It’s far from my home to the airport.
从我家到机场很远。
It’s a fine day today. 今天是一个晴天。
It’s 7 o’clock. Hurry up!七点钟了,快点!
5. 作形式主语或形式宾语,常用于以下句型:
(1)It is+adj.+(for sb)+to do sth.
某人做某事是……
(2)It is time for sth./It is time(for sb) to do sth.
到时间该做……了。
(3)It is+adj.+that 从句
(4)It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做……
(5)It takes(sb) some time to do sth.
某人花费时间做某事。
(6)It seems that... 看起来好像……
(7)find/think it+adj.+to do sth.
觉得/认为做某事……
案例　①(2015·浙江杭州·21·1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )分 )I can’t find my ticket. I think I must have lost 　　　　.
A. it B. one
C. this D. them
【解析】本题考查代词的用法。句意为:我没有找到票。我想我一定把　　　　弄丢了。当表示前文提到的同一种东西时,下文应用it代替。
【答案】 A
②(2013·四川内江·94·2分)科学家发现在太空旅游是有可能的。

【解析】 此句可用句型“find后面跟it作形式宾语”来完成句子。
【答案】 Scientists f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ind/found/have found it possible to travel in space.(Scientists find/have found it’s possible to travel in space.)
二、 指示代词
this 这个,复数形式是these这些,指近处的人或物或指下面要谈到的事物。
that 那个,复数形式是those那些,指远处的人或物或指前面提到的事物。
案例　(2015·广东·27·1分)—Hello,Linda speaking. Who’s 　　　　
—Hello,this is Martin.
A. he　 B. one
C. that　 D. this
【解析】本题考查代词的用法。该句是电话用语,在电话中询问“你是谁 ”时,要用“who’s that”来表示。
【答案】 C
三、 疑问代词
what 什么,主要用来指物或询问职业:
What’s your favorite food
What’s your father
who 谁(主格),指人,既可作主语,也可作宾语(不能放在介词后):
Who is that
Who are you talking with
whom 谁(宾格),指人,作宾语:
Whom do you often write to
To whom do you often write
whose 谁的(所有格),表示所属关系:
Whose coat is this
which 哪一个,哪一些,一定范围内特指的人或物:
Which cup do you like,the white one or the pink one
案例　(2015·山东德州·1分) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )—　　　　 are you going to buy for your father for Father’s Day
—A T-shirt.
A. What　 B. When
C. Where D. How
【解析】 本题考查疑问代词的用法。四个选项的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意思分别是:A什么;B什么时候;C在哪里;D怎么样。根据应答句“一件T恤衫”判断,疑问句是询问父亲节为你的父亲买什么,不是何时、何地或怎么样买。
【答案】 A
四、 不定代词
(一)表示数量的代词
1.
许多 很少(表否定) 有一些(表肯定)
修饰可数名词 many few a few
修饰不可数名词 much little a little
2.
两者都 both+名词复数;either+名词单数
两者都不 neither
三者及以上都 all+名词复数;any+名词单数
三者及以上都不 none
　　(二)复合不定代词
somebody/some ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )one 某人;something 某事,某物;anybody/anyone 任何人;anything 任何事,任何东西;nobody/no one 没有人;nothing 没有事,没有东西;everybody/everyone 每人;everything 每件事,一切
用法要点:
1. 含有some的复合 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不定代词和some一样,一般用于肯定句,表示请求、建议或反问等。有时也用于疑问句;含有any的复合不定代词和any一样一般用于否定句和一般疑问句。
2. 这些复合不定代词用作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Everybody is here. Nobody is absent.
每个人都在这儿,没人缺席。
3. 当主句中的主语是指人的复合不定代 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词时,其反义疑问句的主语用代词they;当主句中的主语是指物的复合不定代词时,其反义疑问句的主语用代词it。如:
Nobody has been to Tibet,have they 没有人去过西藏,是吗
Everything is ready,isn’t it 每件事都准备好了,不是吗
4. 当复合不定代词被形容词或else修饰时,形容词或else必须放在其后。如:
There was nothing strange about that. 那没有什么好奇怪的。
He has something else to do. 他有其他事情要做。
案例　①(2015·浙江温州·8·1分)—Look,　　　　 is dancing under the tree.
—Oh,that’s my cousin,Anna.
A. everybody　 B. anybody
C. nobody　 D. somebody
【解析】考查不定代词的用法。没有明确说明是谁在跳舞,应该用不定代词somebody。
【答案】 D
②(2015·山东莱芜·28)This ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) work needs teamwork. 　　　　 will be achieved if we don’t work together.
A. Nothing B. Anything
C. Something D. Everything
【解析】 本题考查复合不定代词的用法。句意:这项工作需要团队协作。如果我们不在一起工作,那么没有什么事情能够成功。
【答案】 A
例1　人称代词的用法。
(2015·浙江丽水·18·1分)—Susan,can you help clean the window
—Why 　　　　 Alice is sitting there doing nothing.
A. him　 B. her
C. you　 D. me
【解析】本题考查人称代词的用法。句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意:——苏珊,你能帮忙擦一下窗户吗 ——为什么是我呢 艾丽斯坐在那里什么也不做。由语境可知,D项符合句意。
【答案】 D
例2　代词的指代用法。
(2015·江苏连云港·3·1分)—Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is book on idioms is interesting. I’d like 　　　　. Where did you buy it,Simon
—In the Amazon Bookstore.
A. it B. this
C. that　 D. one
【解析】本题考查代词的辨析。句意:习 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语这本书很有趣,我想要一本,表示特指,不是要“它”,不能用代词,也不是“这”和“那”,应该用不定代词one。
【答案】 D
例3　代词辨析。
(2015·江苏扬州·2·1分)—Which of the two T-shirts would you like
—　　　　. I don’t like the styles.
A. Either B. Both
C. None D. Neither
【解析】疑问句是询问对方两件T恤衫中要哪一件。由应答句后面判断,是两者都不喜欢,不是两者都喜欢,也不是没有一件喜欢。故选D。
【答案】 D
例4　不定代词的用法。
(2015·山东菏泽·9)—Which of the two pairs of shoes will you take
—I’ll take 　　　　. They are too small for me.
A. both B. all
C. either D. neither
【解析】本题考查不定代词的用法。疑问句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是询问对方“这两双鞋你选哪一双 ”根据应答句“它们对我来说太小了”判断,“两双我都不要”,因此用neither(两个都不)。
【答案】 D
例5　反身代词的用法。
(2015·重庆·B)Help 　　　　to some fish,Jeff.
A. you　 B. your
C. yours　 D. yourself
【解析】本题考查反身代词的用法 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。Help oneself(随便……)是固定搭配。因为称呼语Jeff,所以此处用反身代词yourself来表示。
【答案】 D
一、 单项选择
1. (2015·贵州铜仁·1分)—Is this 　　　　bike
—No,it’s Lily’s. 　　　　is over there.
A. your;My B. your;Mine
C. yours;Mine D. yours;My
2. (2015·贵州铜仁·1分)In ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) our school,　　　　 students like English,but 　　　　of them can speak English smoothly.
A. a little;a few B. a few;few　
C. a few;little D. a little;few
3. (2015·湖北黄冈·1分)—Which of the two magazines will you take
—I’ll take 　　　　though I find 　　　　of them are very useful to me.
A. all;both B. either;either
C. either;neither D. either;both
4. (2015·湖北黄冈·1分)—Sus ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an,go and join your sister in cleaning the yard.
—Why 　　　　 John is sitting there doing nothing at all.
A. I B. me C. myself D. mine
5. (2015·福建福州·1分)—Here is a dictionary. Whose is it
—Oh,it’s 　　　　. Thank you.
A. me B. my C. mine
6. (2015·山东临沂· ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )1分)—We have friends to help us fight against pollution,and trees are one of 　　　　.
A. themselves B. they C. their D. them
7. (2015·湖南长沙·1分)　　 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )　　 of us wants to go to the park today,because we have to finish so much homework.
A. Either B. Both C. Neither
8. (2015·湖南长沙·1分)—My sister is old enough to dress 　　　　now.
A. himself B. herself C. myself
9. (2015·河北·1分)Do you have toys I’d like to buy 　　　　for my cousin.
A. it B. one C. this D. that
10. (2015·河北·1分)We must protect plants. They are friends of 　　　　.
A. we B. us C. our D. ours
11. (2015·上海·1分)Do you see that good-looking young man
　　　　 is a famous Korean film star.
A. He B. His C. Him D. Himself
12. (2015·安徽·1分)—Yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u can take 　　　　of the two toy cars and leave the other for your brother.
A. both B. none C. either D. neither
13. (2015·湖北武汉·31)I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )turned to bookshops and libraries looking for information and found 　　　　.
A. none B. both C. one D. neither
14. (2015·河南·1分)At pre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sent,children mean 　　　　to most parents in China.
A. everything B. nothing
C. anything D. something
15. (2015·河南·1分)It ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’s possible to get $100 a day in this company,and some days you can get 　　　　.
A. much B. more C. little D. fewer
16. (2015·陕西·1分)Don’t worry. We’re old enough to look after 　　　　.
A. myself B. me C. ourselves D. us
17. (2015·贵州黔西南·1分)—Is this 　　　　ruler
—No. 　　　　is over there.
A. her;Her B. her;Hers
C. hers;Hers D. hers;Her
18. (2015·北京·1分)I have a big brother. 　　　　name is Paul.
A. His B. Her C. He D. Your
19. (2015·北京·1分)—Lo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ok!The clock has stopped. Maybe there’s 　　　　wrong with it.
A. everything B. something
C. anything D. nothing
20. (2015·江苏南京·1分)—Excuse me,may I use your bicycle 　　　　 is broken.
—Certainly. But remember to return it before lunch.
A. I B. Me C. Myself D. Mine
21. (2015·江苏南京·1分)I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was looking for a birthday gift for my mother,but I couldn’t find 　　　　suitable.
A. something B. anything
C. nothing D. everything
22. (2015·江苏扬州·1分)—Which of the two T-shirts would you like
—　　　　. I don’t like their styles.
A. Either B. Both C. None D. Neither
23. (2015·湖北咸宁·1分)—Morning,class. Is 　　　　here today
—No,sir. Tom is absent. He is ill at home.
A. anybody B. everybody
C. nobody D. somebody
24. (2015·四川达州·1分)—Excuse me,is this 　　　　new pencil sharpener
—Yes,it’s 　　　　. He bought it just now.
A. Tom’s;his B. Tom;his
C. Tom’s;hers D. Tom’s;yours
25. (2015·重庆·B·1分)—Would you like coffee or tea
—　　　　. Some water,please.
A. Both B. Neither
C. Either D. All
26. (2015·山东东营·1分 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))The air in Dongying is much worse than that in many other cities. We must do 　　　　to protect our environment.
A. nothing B. anything
C. something D. everything
27. (2015·江苏苏州·1分) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )—I’ll do the washing-up. Jack,would you please do the floors
—Why 　　　　 Susan is sitting there doing nothing.
A. her B. she C. I D. me
28. (2015·江苏苏州·1分)— ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )This work needs close teamwork. 　　　　will be achieved unless we work well together.
A. Nothing B. Anything
C. Something D. Everything
29. (2015·广东广州·1分)—Would you like tea or coffee
—　　　　,thanks!I’d prefer a coke.
A. Both B. Neither C. All D. Some
30. (2015·浙江杭州 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )·1分)—I can’t find my ticket. I think I must have lost 　　　　.
A. it B. one C. this D. them
二、 用所给代词的适当形式填空
1. Whose school uniform is that on the chair,yours or 　　　　 (my)
2. —What a nice MP5!Whose is it
—It’s 　　　　(I). My father bought 　　　　(I) last week.
3. Is this 　　　　(you) schoolbag
4. Please show 　　　　(I) the way to the hospital.
5. Grandma often tells 　　　　(we) stories.
6. This is 　　　　(you) room. 　　　　(I) is next one.
7. Where is Lucy Lily is looking for 　　　　(she).
8. My uncle is ill. I’m going to see 　　　　(he) in the hospital.
9. Edison built a science lab 　　　　(he).
10. Yesterday I met a friend of 　　　　(I) in the street.
答案
第3课时　代　　词
一、 1~5　B B D B C　6~10　D C B B D
11~15　A C A A B　16~20　C B A B D
21~25　B D B A B　26~30　C D A B A
二、 1. mine　2. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) mine;me　3. your　4. me　5. us　6. your;Mine　7. her　8. him　9. himself　10. mine