专题15 陈述句（课件）-2024年小升初英语复习讲练测（全国通用版）(共21张PPT)
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| 名称 | 专题15 陈述句（课件）-2024年小升初英语复习讲练测（全国通用版）(共21张PPT) |  | |
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| 文件大小 | 33.1MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-06-17 18:19:07 | ||
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(共21张PPT)
第十五讲 陈述句授课人：小升初英语专题复习知识导图
陈述句陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。它包括肯定句(The Affirmative Sentence)和否定句(The Negative Sentence)两种。陈述句在书写时句末用句号，在明读时用降调。
This is a nice book.这是一本好书。( ↓ )
Susan likes maths very much.苏珊非常喜欢数学。( ↓ )
My father doesn't go to work on the weekend. 我爸爸周末不去上班。( ↓ )
They aren't going to climb the mountain this Saturday.
这个星期六他们不打算去爬山。( ↓ )
定义
肯定句
考点 1
基本结构为“主+谓"结构以及它的补充结构，以下是常用的几种肯定句。
1. 主语+be动词(am/is/are)+表语
This is my brother. 这是我哥哥。
Li Ming and Li Hua are good friends. 李明和李华是好朋友。
这里的be动词(am/is/are)也可变成其他的系动词。如：I feel better.我感觉好多了。The leaves turned yellow.叶子变黄了。
2. 主语+谓语(不及物动词)
The teacher left.老师离开了。
All the children laughed.所有的孩子都笑了。
当谓语动词是不及物动词的时候，虽然后面不可以跟宾语，但是可以跟状语用来修饰。
The car goes fast.车子跑得很快。
My grandpa walks slowly.我爷爷走路很慢。
3. 主语+谓语(及物动词 )+宾语+(状语)
He did his homework yesterday.他昨天做了作业。
They are playing basketball in the playground.他们正在操场打篮球。
4. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
My mother bought me a new schoolbag yesterday.、
妈妈昨天给我买了一个新书包。
He gave me an apple. 他给了我一个苹果。
5. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
I painted it yellow.我把它涂成黄色。
I made her cry.我把她弄哭了。
这五种基本句式结构只限于简单句，也就是只包含一个谓语结构，而不包括并列句和复合句。
典例分析
连词成句。
much, English, he, very, likes (.)
________________________________________
思路点拨：本题考查陈述句的句子结构。先根据陈述句的结构形式确定句子的主语和谓语，分别是 he和 likes， 再将其他成分填充到句子中。
答案1. He likes English very much.
否定句
考点 2
否定句笼统来说就是包含了“不……”的含义。小学阶段我们主要接触到的是全否定句，也就是使用否定词“not”。
1. 将not放在be动词(am/is/are)之后。
I am a student.(改为否定句)
→I am not a student.
They are in the classroom.(改为否定句)
→They are not in the classroom.
(is not可以缩写成isn't；are not可以缩写成aren’t)
2. 情态动词+ not
I can swim.(改为否定句)
→I can not swim.
You must stay.(改为否定句)
→You must not stay.
(can not可以缩写成can't；must not可以缩写成mustn’t)
3. 助动词+ not
最常用的助动词有：be，have，do，shall，will，should，would等。
肯定句：I will come back soon.我将很快回来。
否定句：I will not come back soon.我不会很快回来。
肯定句：I have finished it.我已经完成了。
否定句：I have not finished it.我尚未完成。
(这里will not = won't，have not = haven't)
have在两种情况下可以直接加not。
★助动词：
I haven't seen you for a long time.我很长一段时间没有见到你了。
★作为实义动词意为 “拥有”。
I haven't any toys.我没有什么玩具。
4. don't(doesn’t/didn’t) +动词原形
这时句子里往有实义动词， 根据时态的不同和人称的不同而变化。
(1) 一般现在时：don’t(doesn’t) +动词原形
肯定句：I go to the park every morning.我每天早晨去公园。
I为第一人称，所以我们在动调前+don’t
否定句：I don’t go to the park every morning.我不是每天早晨去公园。
肯定句：He likes monkeys.他喜欢猴子。
He为第三人称单数，所以我们会先将likes 还原为动词原形like， 然后在like前加doesn't.
否定句：He doesn't like monkeys.
(2) 一般过去时
肯定句：I watched TV last night.我昨晚看电视了。
否定句：I didn't watch TV last night.我昨晚没看电视。
典例分析
选出错误的选项，并在横线上改正。
( ) My brother doesn't watches TV every day. ________
A B C
思路点拨：本题主要考查陈述句的否定式。陈述句的否定式结构有：①be+not；②情态动词+not +动词原形;③do/does/did + not + 动词原形。本题属于第三种情况, My brother是第三人称单数， 必须用助动词does， 其否定形式为 doesn't。需要注意的是助动词后面的实义动词必须用原形。所以C错误。
答案：C watch
★注意：
★在将肯定句变为否定句时，有一些小的窍门，可以帮助同学们提高答题的正确率。
肯定句：I go to the park.我去公园。→改成否定句
第一步：我们可以在改变句子之前，把go拆分一下，变成do go.
第二步：然后在do后面加上not，变成don't.
答案为：I don't go to the park.我不去公园。
I go to the park.
↓
do go → don’t go → I don't go to the park.
同样，我们来看看一般现在时态，第三人称单数的情况：
He likes bananas.他喜欢香蕉。→改成否定句
第一步：我们先将likes拆分成does like；
第二步：在does后面加上not，变成doesn’t
答案是He doesn't like bananas. (他不喜欢香蕉。)
He likes bananas.
↓
does like → doesn’t like → He doesn't like bananas.
而对于一般过去时态，我们也可以这样拆分。
I got up at six yesterday. 我昨天六点起床。
我们把got拆分成did get，然后在did后面加上not，变成didn’t。
答案是I didn’t get up at six yesterday.我昨天不是六点起床。
I got up at six yesterday.
↓
did get → didn’t get → I didn’t get up at six yesterday.
★注意：
在将肯定句变成否定句或是一般疑问句时，动词不定式是不发生改变的。
He likes to play football.
He doesn't like to play football.
把下列肯定句变成否定句。
1. My father watches TV every day.
My father ________ ________ TV every day.
2. Kate often does her homework at six.
Kate ________ often ________ her homework at six.
3. I go to school at seven.
I ________ ________ to school at seven.
典例分析
doesn’t watch
doesn’t
do
don’t go
4. She usually goes home by bus.
She ________ usually ________ home by bus.
5. They are good students.
They ________ ________good students.
6. He is clever.
He ________ ________ clever.
7. He has some bread for breakfast every morning.
He ________ ________ any bread for breakfast every morning.
典例分析
doesn’t
go
are not
is not
doesn’t have
8. I often drink some tea in the afternoon.
I ________ often ________ ________ tea in the afternoon.
9. He has some eggs.
He ________ ________ ________ eggs.
10. Kim likes his new bike.
Kim ________ ________ his new bike.
典例分析
don’t
drink any
doesn’t have any
doesn’t like
授课人：Thank you!
第十五讲 陈述句授课人：小升初英语专题复习知识导图
陈述句陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。它包括肯定句(The Affirmative Sentence)和否定句(The Negative Sentence)两种。陈述句在书写时句末用句号，在明读时用降调。
This is a nice book.这是一本好书。( ↓ )
Susan likes maths very much.苏珊非常喜欢数学。( ↓ )
My father doesn't go to work on the weekend. 我爸爸周末不去上班。( ↓ )
They aren't going to climb the mountain this Saturday.
这个星期六他们不打算去爬山。( ↓ )
定义
肯定句
考点 1
基本结构为“主+谓"结构以及它的补充结构，以下是常用的几种肯定句。
1. 主语+be动词(am/is/are)+表语
This is my brother. 这是我哥哥。
Li Ming and Li Hua are good friends. 李明和李华是好朋友。
这里的be动词(am/is/are)也可变成其他的系动词。如：I feel better.我感觉好多了。The leaves turned yellow.叶子变黄了。
2. 主语+谓语(不及物动词)
The teacher left.老师离开了。
All the children laughed.所有的孩子都笑了。
当谓语动词是不及物动词的时候，虽然后面不可以跟宾语，但是可以跟状语用来修饰。
The car goes fast.车子跑得很快。
My grandpa walks slowly.我爷爷走路很慢。
3. 主语+谓语(及物动词 )+宾语+(状语)
He did his homework yesterday.他昨天做了作业。
They are playing basketball in the playground.他们正在操场打篮球。
4. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
My mother bought me a new schoolbag yesterday.、
妈妈昨天给我买了一个新书包。
He gave me an apple. 他给了我一个苹果。
5. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
I painted it yellow.我把它涂成黄色。
I made her cry.我把她弄哭了。
这五种基本句式结构只限于简单句，也就是只包含一个谓语结构，而不包括并列句和复合句。
典例分析
连词成句。
much, English, he, very, likes (.)
________________________________________
思路点拨：本题考查陈述句的句子结构。先根据陈述句的结构形式确定句子的主语和谓语，分别是 he和 likes， 再将其他成分填充到句子中。
答案1. He likes English very much.
否定句
考点 2
否定句笼统来说就是包含了“不……”的含义。小学阶段我们主要接触到的是全否定句，也就是使用否定词“not”。
1. 将not放在be动词(am/is/are)之后。
I am a student.(改为否定句)
→I am not a student.
They are in the classroom.(改为否定句)
→They are not in the classroom.
(is not可以缩写成isn't；are not可以缩写成aren’t)
2. 情态动词+ not
I can swim.(改为否定句)
→I can not swim.
You must stay.(改为否定句)
→You must not stay.
(can not可以缩写成can't；must not可以缩写成mustn’t)
3. 助动词+ not
最常用的助动词有：be，have，do，shall，will，should，would等。
肯定句：I will come back soon.我将很快回来。
否定句：I will not come back soon.我不会很快回来。
肯定句：I have finished it.我已经完成了。
否定句：I have not finished it.我尚未完成。
(这里will not = won't，have not = haven't)
have在两种情况下可以直接加not。
★助动词：
I haven't seen you for a long time.我很长一段时间没有见到你了。
★作为实义动词意为 “拥有”。
I haven't any toys.我没有什么玩具。
4. don't(doesn’t/didn’t) +动词原形
这时句子里往有实义动词， 根据时态的不同和人称的不同而变化。
(1) 一般现在时：don’t(doesn’t) +动词原形
肯定句：I go to the park every morning.我每天早晨去公园。
I为第一人称，所以我们在动调前+don’t
否定句：I don’t go to the park every morning.我不是每天早晨去公园。
肯定句：He likes monkeys.他喜欢猴子。
He为第三人称单数，所以我们会先将likes 还原为动词原形like， 然后在like前加doesn't.
否定句：He doesn't like monkeys.
(2) 一般过去时
肯定句：I watched TV last night.我昨晚看电视了。
否定句：I didn't watch TV last night.我昨晚没看电视。
典例分析
选出错误的选项，并在横线上改正。
( ) My brother doesn't watches TV every day. ________
A B C
思路点拨：本题主要考查陈述句的否定式。陈述句的否定式结构有：①be+not；②情态动词+not +动词原形;③do/does/did + not + 动词原形。本题属于第三种情况, My brother是第三人称单数， 必须用助动词does， 其否定形式为 doesn't。需要注意的是助动词后面的实义动词必须用原形。所以C错误。
答案：C watch
★注意：
★在将肯定句变为否定句时，有一些小的窍门，可以帮助同学们提高答题的正确率。
肯定句：I go to the park.我去公园。→改成否定句
第一步：我们可以在改变句子之前，把go拆分一下，变成do go.
第二步：然后在do后面加上not，变成don't.
答案为：I don't go to the park.我不去公园。
I go to the park.
↓
do go → don’t go → I don't go to the park.
同样，我们来看看一般现在时态，第三人称单数的情况：
He likes bananas.他喜欢香蕉。→改成否定句
第一步：我们先将likes拆分成does like；
第二步：在does后面加上not，变成doesn’t
答案是He doesn't like bananas. (他不喜欢香蕉。)
He likes bananas.
↓
does like → doesn’t like → He doesn't like bananas.
而对于一般过去时态，我们也可以这样拆分。
I got up at six yesterday. 我昨天六点起床。
我们把got拆分成did get，然后在did后面加上not，变成didn’t。
答案是I didn’t get up at six yesterday.我昨天不是六点起床。
I got up at six yesterday.
↓
did get → didn’t get → I didn’t get up at six yesterday.
★注意：
在将肯定句变成否定句或是一般疑问句时，动词不定式是不发生改变的。
He likes to play football.
He doesn't like to play football.
把下列肯定句变成否定句。
1. My father watches TV every day.
My father ________ ________ TV every day.
2. Kate often does her homework at six.
Kate ________ often ________ her homework at six.
3. I go to school at seven.
I ________ ________ to school at seven.
典例分析
doesn’t watch
doesn’t
do
don’t go
4. She usually goes home by bus.
She ________ usually ________ home by bus.
5. They are good students.
They ________ ________good students.
6. He is clever.
He ________ ________ clever.
7. He has some bread for breakfast every morning.
He ________ ________ any bread for breakfast every morning.
典例分析
doesn’t
go
are not
is not
doesn’t have
8. I often drink some tea in the afternoon.
I ________ often ________ ________ tea in the afternoon.
9. He has some eggs.
He ________ ________ ________ eggs.
10. Kim likes his new bike.
Kim ________ ________ his new bike.
典例分析
don’t
drink any
doesn’t have any
doesn’t like
授课人：Thank you!