2025北师大版高中英语必修第二册同步练习题--UNIT 5　Part 1　TOPIC TALK（含答案与解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025北师大版高中英语必修第二册
UNIT 5　HUMANS AND NATURE
Part 1　TOPIC TALK
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.He was stressed when he gave his　　　　(演讲).
2.At the age of fifteen,the boy began to study 　　　　(风景) painting.
3.　　　　(洪水) have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades.
4.(2023新课标Ⅱ)These include encountering 　　　　(野生动植物), walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
5.(2024河南南阳期中)From a scientific point of view, there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand 　　　　(气候) change and its effects.
6.Students can predict what a passage is about from its t　　　　 at the beginning of the passage.
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.They are trying to study how living things work.
词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
2.It was very difficult for them to make a living in London at first.词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
3.His friends crowded into his room and sang “Happy Birthday”.
词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
4.Crowds of people rushed into his office and applied for the job.
词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
Ⅲ.选词填空
turn one's back on; be covered with; as a result; in the face of
1.The path to Dawson　　　　　　 three-foot thick wet snow.
2.How can you　　　　　　 me when I am in difficulty
3.Perhaps you have great intentions, but they may break　　　　　　 reality.
4.　　　　　　, people will eat more food to try to make up for what is missing.
Ⅳ.单句语法填空
1.(2021北京) From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural　　　　　(disaster) around the world.
2.You can have an idea worth　　　　　(million) of dollars.
3.They are trying to get more information about the volcano by observing the　　　　　(erupt) on October 17, 2021.
4.These　　　　　(comment) came in response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
5.After they arrived, they were shocked　　　　　(find) the castle was in ruins.
6.Most of the English learners live in places　　　　　 English is not the main language.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1.他拒绝接受我们的帮助,这使我们感到震惊。(shock n.)
It 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 to us that he refused to accept our help.
2.透过她的房间的窗户,他发现里面堆满了书。
He looked through the window of her room and found it　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　. (读后续写—场景描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024河南省实验中学期中)
While riding hard on a bike, do you feel like you are protecting the planet Or do you just feel out of breath In fact, cycling is now considered one of the best weapons mankind can use in the fight against climate change.
The United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution(决议) in March supporting bicycles as a tool for dealing with climate change. The resolution calls on member states to “add the bicycle to public transportation, in the city and countryside, in developing and developed countries”, with all 193 members of the UN agreeing with the resolution.
The decision has received positive comments from different groups in support of cycling and environmental awareness internationally. “It's an important step toward the recognition of cycling as an important means of transport,” said the European Cyclists' Federation.
The resolution from the UN comes at a time when climate change has returned to the center of the world's attention. On February 28, the UN published a new report assessing(评估) recent climate change trends(趋势). The report warns that the world's average temperature will rise by 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels(1850-1900), with more than 40% of the world's population being “easily affected” by these temperature changes.
Cycling is an environmentally friendly means of transport. Choosing to take a bike instead of a vehicle just once a day can reduce a person's carbon emission(碳排放) from transport by 67 percent, according to the research by the University of Oxford. The research also found that cyclists produced 84 percent lower CO2 emissions from all daily travel than non-cyclists.
Cycling has grown in popularity as people who take public transport to work wish to stay away from crowded public transport and also like taking any opportunity to exercise. In May 2020, bike sales in Spain increased 22 times compared with 2019. In London, large parts of the city are being closed off to cars so that people can walk and cycle safely.
More importantly, the resolution focuses on bike-sharing services, which can be seen as recognition of China's bike-sharing success, noted CGTN. China has some of the largest bike-sharing systems in the world. This means of transport that produces zero emissions reduces the amount of CO2 sent out into the atmosphere(大气层) by 4.8 million tons every year, according to a 2020 report from the World Resources Institute.
1.What is the resolution aimed at
A.Winning all member states' support.　　　
B.Making bicycles part of public transport.
C.Dealing with the problem of climate change.　　　
D.Making people healthier and more athletic.
2.What leads to the popularity of the resolution according to the text
A.The whole world's attention on climate change.　　　
B.Cycling is encouraged in numerous countries.
C.China's success in bike-sharing systems.　　　
D.More people wish to exercise more.
3.Why is cycling considered one of the best weapons in the fight against climate change
A.It gets people to exercise and stay healthy.
B.It can largely reduce our carbon footprint.
C.It can reduce the influence of the pandemic(流行病).
D.It helps us stay away from crowded public transport.
4.What would be the best title for the text
A.Cycling to improve health　　　
B.Cycling is a climate change solution
C.Why is cycling so important 　　　
D.A new resolution by the UN
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2023安徽淮北市第一中学期中)
It was June a few years ago right around the summer solstice(夏至), the longest day of the year. A few weeks earlier the first fireflies(萤火虫) had appeared　1　 on and off in the woods around my house and the grass in my backyard. What a 　2　 it was to see them again! Their little lights made me smile with delight and I thanked 　3　 for them.
Now as the daylight was starting to　4　, I saw out of my window some of children in the neighborhood trying to 　5　 the slow-moving glowing fireflies. One of the girls went inside and came back with a clear, glass bottle. After 　6　 a few fireflies without success she 　7　 caught one.
All the other children gathered around to　8　 it shining on and off inside the bottle. Soon 　9　 started to fall and one of the children's mom walked over to them and told them it was time to 　10　 the firefly. One of the girls didn't agree but the mom 　11　 that the firefly would die if left in the bottle. Then she said something that still stays in my 　12　 to this day: “It is time to let this little guy go so he can 　13　 his light!”
I　14　 when I was a child, we all used to sing the song, “This little light of mine, I'm going to let it shine!” But as adults we find it 　15　 to do so.
1.A.hiding　　　B.saving
C.shining　　　D.receiving
2.A.joke　　　B.joy　　　C.dream　　　D.pity
3.A.nature　　　B.luck
C.neighbors　　　D.friends
4.A.move　　　B.rise
C.spread　　　D.disappear
5.A.touch　　　B.catch　　　C.drive　　　D.train
6.A.running after　　　B.looking into
C.giving away　　　D.turning to
7.A.patiently　　　B.clearly
C.secretly　　　D.finally
8.A.keep　　　B.protect　　　C.watch　　　D.show
9.A.darkness　　　B.fear
C.interest　　　D.rain
10.A.control　　　B.free
C.change　　　D.feed
11.A.realized　　　B.agreed
C.reported　　　D.explained
12.A.book　　　B.direction　　　C.mind　　　D.hand
13.A.share　　　B.discover
C.celebrate　　　D.collect
14.A.imagine　　　B.consider
C.regret　　　D.remember
15.A.common　　　B.hard
C.necessary　　　D.good
答案与分层梯度式解析
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.lecture　2.landscape　3.Floods　4.wildlife
5.climate　6.title
Ⅱ.1.形容词;活的　句意:他们正在努力研究生物是如何工作的。living things生物。
2.名词;生计　句意:起初对他们而言在伦敦谋生太难了。
3.动词;大批涌入(狭小的空间)　句意:他的朋友涌进他的房间,唱“祝你生日快乐”。
4.名词;人群　句意:成群的人冲进他的办公室,申请那份工作。
Ⅲ.1.was covered with　2.turn your back on　3.in the face of　4.As a result
Ⅳ.1.disasters　考查名词复数。前面有修饰语7,348,因此此处用名词的复数形式。句意:2000年至2019年,全世界共发生了7,348起重大自然灾害。
2.millions　考查固定短语。此处millions of... 意为“数百万的……”。
3.eruption　考查名词。分析句子可知,设空处作宾语,空前为定冠词the,因此填名词eruption。句意:他们试图通过观察2021年10月17日的喷发来了解更多关于这个火山的信息。
4.comments　考查名词复数。句意:这些评论是对当地新闻记者经常提出的特定问题的回应。根据句意及空前的These的提示可知此处用名词复数。comment评论;意见;批评。
5.to find　考查动词不定式。句意:他们到达之后,震惊地发现城堡已经成为废墟。be shocked to do...表示“因做……而感到震惊”。
6.where　考查定语从句。句意:大多数英语学习者生活在英语不是主要语言的地方。分析句子结构可知此处为定语从句,先行词为地点名词places,设空处在从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词where。
Ⅴ.1.came as a shock　2.was crowded with books
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了骑自行车有助于解决气候变化问题。
1.C　细节理解题。题干中的关键词为resolution,根据第二段第一句“...supporting bicycles as a tool for dealing with climate change.”可知,决议的目的是应对气候变化问题。故选C。
2.A　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知,联合国的这项决议出台之际,气候变化已重新成为世界关注的焦点。由此可推知,全世界都在关注气候变化,使得决议很受欢迎。故选A。
3.B　细节理解题。根据第五段第二、三句可知,选择每天骑自行车而不是开车可以减少一个人67%的交通碳排放量,骑自行车的人在日常出行中产生的二氧化碳排放量比不骑自行车的人低84%。由此可知,骑自行车可以大大减少我们的碳足迹。故选B。
4.B　主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第一段最后一句可知,骑自行车现在被认为是人类对抗气候变化的最佳武器之一。由此可知,这篇文章主要介绍骑自行车有助于解决气候变化问题,因此最佳标题是“骑自行车是气候变化问题的解决方案”。故选B。
【高频词汇】　1.deal with处理,应付　2.transportation n.交通　3.awareness n.意识;知道;认识　4.recognition n.承认;认可;认出;赞誉　5.means n.方式;方法;途径
6.average adj.平均的;典型的;正常的　7.popularity n.流行　8.opportunity n.机会;时机　9.focus on...关注……;聚焦于……
【熟词生义】　note v.指出,特别提到
【差距词汇】　federation n.联合会;联盟
长难句
原句　Cycling has grown in popularity as people who take public transport to work wish to stay away from crowded public transport and also like taking any opportunity to exercise.
分析　本句为主从复合句。as引导原因状语从句,在原因状语从句中,who引导定语从句,修饰先行词people。
译文　骑自行车越来越受欢迎,因为乘坐公共交通工具上班的人希望远离拥挤的公共交通工具,还喜欢利用任何机会锻炼。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述在夏季的一个晚上,孩子们在室外捉萤火虫,一个小女孩将捉到的一只萤火虫放进瓶子里,后来一位母亲出来,告诉孩子们放了萤火虫,让它分享它的光。
1.C　根据上文“the first fireflies had appeared”和第三段中的“shining on and off”可知,萤火虫出现了,断断续续地发着光。故选C。
2.B　根据下文“Their little lights made me smile with delight”可知,再次见到它们是一件让人很高兴的事。故选B。
3.A　根据常识可知萤火虫来自大自然,所以应该是因为它们而感谢大自然。故选A。
4.D　下文出现了“slow-moving glowing fireflies”,所以此处是指日光开始消失。日光开始消失,发光的萤火虫才能被看到。故选D。move移动;rise上升;spread传播;disappear消失。
5.B　根据下文“caught one”可知孩子们是在捉萤火虫。故选B。
6.A　根据语境可知孩子们想捉到萤火虫,所以要追赶它们。run after追赶;look into调查;give away赠送;turn to向……求助。故选A。
7.D　根据下文“All the other children gathered around to　8　 it shining on and off inside the bottle.”可知,其中的一个小女孩儿最后抓到了一只。故选D。
8.C　根据语境可知,孩子们聚集在一起是要观看萤火虫在瓶子里断断续续地发光。故选C。
9.A　上文提到日光开始消失,此处“Soon　9　 started to fall”是在接着描写时间,所以这里应该是夜幕开始降临。故选A。darkness黑暗。
10.B　此题可以和11题一起解出。下文提到其中的一个女孩不同意,而“the firefly would die if left in the bottle”是妈妈在解释,由妈妈解释的内容可以得知妈妈是要孩子们把萤火虫放了。故本题选B,11题选D。free释放;使自由。
11.D　解析见上题。realize意识到;agree同意;report报告;explain解释。
12.C　作者在下文提到了那位妈妈说的话,所以此处表示那位妈妈说的话直到今天仍留在作者的脑海里。故选C。
13.A　此处说的是“是时候让这个小家伙飞走了,这样它就能够分享它的光了”。故选A。
14.D　根据下文“when I was a child...”可知是记得小时候的事情。故选D。imagine想象;consider考虑;regret后悔;remember记得。
15.B　根据上文“when I was a child, we all used to sing the song, ‘This little light of mine, I'm going to let it shine!’”可知,当作者还是个孩子的时候,他们经常唱这首歌:“我的这盏小灯,我要让它发光”,But前后内容在意思上是转折关系,所以作为成年人,作者觉得很难做到这一点。故选B。
【高频词汇】　1.delight n.高兴　2.neighborhood n.居住区;社区;邻近的地方　3.gather v.聚集;集合　4.turn to...向……求助
【熟词生义】　fall v.(夜色或黑暗)降临
【差距词汇】　1.glow v.发出微弱而稳定的光　2.on and off 断断续续地;不时地
长难句
原句　One of the girls didn't agree but the mom explained that the firefly would die if left in the bottle.
分析　该句为并列复合句。but连接两个并列分句,在第二个分句中,that引导宾语从句,该宾语从句中又包含if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式,省略了主语the firefly和was。
译文　其中一个女孩儿不同意,但那个妈妈解释说,如果把这只萤火虫留在瓶子里,它会死的。
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