Unit 8 Natural disasters Grammar 讲义（含答案） 2024-2025学年牛津译林版八年级英语上册
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| 名称 | Unit 8 Natural disasters Grammar 讲义（含答案） 2024-2025学年牛津译林版八年级英语上册 |  | |
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教 学 内 容 8A Unit 8 Grammar
教 学 目 标 1. 了解并掌握过去进行时的用法 2. 掌握并能熟练使用过去进行时。 3. 重点词汇、短语
重 点 1. 过去进行时的基本结构 2. 重点词汇、短语
难 点 如何正确运用所学知识完成相关练习
教学过程
1 break down(车辆或机器）出故障，坏掉 eg: He was late because his bike broke down. 他迟到是因为他的自行车坏了。 【归纳】 break into强行闯入; break off 中断; break out(战争、打斗等不愉快事件）突然开始，爆发； break a promise 违背誓言; break ones heart 伤某人的心；break the law违法； break the record打破纪录 【测一测】 根据汉语完成句子 今天早上我爸爸在上班的路上车子拋锚了。 My father’s car on his way to work this morning. 2 because of因为，由于 短语中of为介词，后接名词、代词、动名 词或名词性短语，可与because引导的原因状语从句进行同义转换。 eg：He didn't come to school because of the rain.因为下雨他没来学校。 【测一测】 He didn't go to school because it rained heavily yesterday. He didn't go to school the heavy rain yesterday. 一 过去进行时 1过去进行时既可以表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作行为，也可以表示过去某一段时间正在进行的动作行为。过去进行时与一般过去时一样，也常和表示过去的时间状语连用。与过去进行时连用的常见的时间状语有： this morning， ihe whole afternoon, at this time yesterday, at ten yesterday morning, from nine to ten last night 等。 【测一测】 一I didn't see you at the meeting yesterday. Why —I for an important telephone call at that moment. A. wait B. waited C. am waiting D. was waiting 2过去进行时的构成: 句式结构例子肯定句主语+ was/ were + doing + 其他.I was dancing to the beautiful music then.那时我正在伴随优美的音乐跳舞。 We were listening to the teacher carefully at eight yesterday.昨天八点钟，我们正在认真听老师讲课。 She was running at that time. 那时她在奔跑。 否定句主语+ was/ were+ not +doing+其他He wasn’t doing his homework just now.刚才他没在做家庭作业。 I wasn’t singing then.那时我 没在唱歌。 They weren’t listening to music at that time.那时他 们没在听音乐。一般疑问句Was/Were+主语+doing+其他？ Yes, 主语+was/were. No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t.Were you reading a book 你在看书吗 Yes, I was.是的，我在看。 No, I wasn’t. Were they playing tennis 他们在打网球吗？ Yes, they were. No, they weren’t. Was she dancing Yes, she was. No, she wasn’t.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词 + was/ were + 主 语 + doing +其他？What were you doing at eight yesterday 做题八点你在干什么？ Where was he playing at that moment 那个时候他在哪儿玩？
【测一测】 — Lucy, what were you doing at nine last night 一 I the piano. I usually practice the piano at that time. A. play B. played C. was playing D. am playing 3 过去进行时的用法 用法表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。My sister was doing her homework at eight last night.昨天晚上八点我妹妹在做家庭作业。表示一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作也同时进行。I was watching TV while my father was reading the newspaper.我爸爸 在看报纸时，我在看电视。表示一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作发生了。I met one of my old friends while I was walking in the park.我在公园散步时，遇到了我的一位老朋友。表示过去将要发生的动作。She told us Jack was arriving here. 她告诉我们杰克将到这儿。
【测一测】 —Linda, I called you this morning, but nobody answered the phone. —I’m sorry. I football with my friends then. A. play B. played C. am playing D. was playing 二 when, while与as的用法 1 若主句表示的是一个短暂性动作，从句表示的是一个持续性动作时,三者都可用。 eg: He fell asleep when/while/as he was reading a book.他看书时睡着了。 2若主从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个事件，通常要用while。 eg：Don’t talk while you’re eating something. 当你吃东西时不要说话。 但是，若主从句表示的两个同时的动作含有“一边……—边……”的意思时,通常用as。 eg: She sang as she went along.她边走边唱。 3若从句是一个短暂性动作，主句是一个 持续性动作，可用as/when,但不用while。 eg： It was raining hard when/as we arrived. 我们到达时，天正下着大雨。 4若主从句表示的是两个同时发生的短暂性动作，用as/when。 eg： I also thought of it just when/as you opened your mouth.就在你要开口的时候，我也想到了。 5若要表示两个正在发展变化的动作，相 当于汉语的“随着”，一般用as。 eg：Things are getting better and better as time goes on.随着时间的推移，情况变得越来越好了。 6表示“每当……的时候”（暗示一种规律性），一般要用when。 eg: It’s cold when il snows.下雪时天冷。 7若主从句所表示的动作不是同时发生， 而是有先后顺序的，一般要用when。 eg： I will go home when he comes back. 【测一测】Aunt Lucy will tell us；something about her trip to Australia when she back. A. came B. comes C. would come D. will come 8 when可用作并列连词，表示“这时”； while也可用作并列连词，表示“而，却”（表示 对比）；但as没有类似的用法。 eg：We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们正要开始，这时天开始下雨了。 He likes coffee, while she likes tea. 他喜欢咖啡，而她却喜欢茶。 9 as和when后均可直接跟一个名词或名词性短语，构成省略句，但while —般不可以这样用。 eg： As/When a little boy, he lived in America. 他小时候居住在美国。 10 when和while后可接现在分词、介词短 语、形容词等构成省略句，但as —般不可以这样用。 eg： When/ While in trouble, ask her for help. 遇到麻烦时你就去找她帮忙。 随堂练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.We (make) a snowman from 3:00 to 4：00 yesterday afternoon. 2.Amy (have) lunch at 12: 00 yesterday. 3.She ( watch) TV at home at this time yesterday. 4.Mr White (take) a walk when it started to rain. 5.He (read) a newspaper while his brother was watching TV. 6.My grandpa fell asleep as he (watch) TV. 二、单项选择 7. Jenny in the kitchen when you called her at 5 o’clock this afternoon. A. is cooking B. was cooking C. cooks D. cooked 8.She to an English program while her parents TV. A.was listening; is watching B.listened; were watching C.was listening; watched D.was listening；were watching 9.—What did the teacher say just now 一Sorry, I didn’t hear it. I out of the window. A.look B. looked C. am looking D. was looking 10.―Oh,dear! A power cut! 一Sony,I didn’t know you the washing machine. A. are using B. used C. use D. were using 11.—I phoned you at 7：00 this morning. But there was no answer. —Well, maybe I morning exercises at that time. A. was doing B.did C. is doing D.would do 12.Could you tell me what he said just now 一Sorry, I what was happening outside. A. had thought B. was thinking C. thought D. think 13.一I called you yesterday evening. But nobody answered. —Oh,sony. Maybe I in the bathroom at that time. A.take a shower B.took a shower C.was taking a shower 14.一I was at the cinema at nine o’clock yesterday evening. What about you —I TV at home. A. am watching B. was watching C. will watch D. watched 15.—You were not in when I went to see you yesterday. —Oh, 1 for a friend from England at the airport at that moment. A. had wailed B. was waiting C. am wailing D. have waited 16.— You are in a hurry. Where are you going —To the cinema. Jim for me there! A. waits B. is waiting C. waited D. was waiting 17.—Yesterday Suzy fell over and was hurt badly she was making a snowball. —I’m sorry to hear that. A. while B. or C. unless D. until 18.They were playing soccer on the playground the storm came. A. as soon as B. as long as C.when D. while 19.—It seems that you are happy. Why —I met an old friend of mine while I on the street. A. walks B.walk C. was walking D. am walking 20.—What were you doing at this lime yesterday —I on the grass and drawing a picture. A. sit B.sat C. am sitting D. was sitting
Period 3 : Grammar
一、 1. were making点拨：本题用题眼法。由时 间状语 from... to... yesterday afternoon 可知本 句用过去进行时。
2.was having点拨:本题用题眼法。由时间状语 at 12:00 yesterday可知本句用过去进行时。
3.wan watching 点拨：本题用题眼法。由at
this time yesterday可知本句用过去进行时。
4.was taking 点拨：本句结构为“过去进行时 (主句）+ when+ —般过去时（从句）。”
5.was reading点拨：本句结构为“过去进行时 (主句） while +过去进行时（从句）。”
6.was watching
二、 7.B点拨：本题用题眼法。根据时间状语 从句 when you railed her al 5 o’clock this afternoon 可知足表示过去的某一时间点，故句子 用过去进行时，故选B。
8.D点拨：本题用题眼法。题干中的while为 连词“当……的时候"，引导时间状语从句。 句愆：当她父母在岙电视时，她在收听英语节 目。while可用于表示过去某一时间内同时 发生的两个动作，综合分析可知选D。
9D 点拨：本题用句意理解法。根据上下文 可知老师讲话时“我”正在玢窗外，表示过去 的架一时间内正在做的艰悄用过去进行时。
10.D
H A点拨：本题用题眼法。根据前者所说话 语中的时间状语a丨7 :00 this morning可知后 者所说话语中的动作发生在过去的萊一特
定时刻，故用过去进行时。
12.B点拨:本题用句意理解法。考査动同时 态。由句意可知答语中的“我”刚才正在想 外面发生了什么求，所以此处应用过去进 行时。
13.C点拨：本题用把握语境法。考查动词时 态。根据语境可知答句意为44不好意思，可 能那个时候我正在浴室洗澡”，应使用过去 进行时，故选C。
14.B点拨：本题用联系上下文法。考查动词 时态。根据问句可知讲述的是昨天晚上九 点正在做的琪情，询问对方“你呢厂也应该 是指昨天晚上九点正在做的事情。故此处 用过去进行时。故选B。
15.B点拨：本题用题眼法。根据后者所说话 语中的时间状语at that moment及上文提到 的时间状语从句when I went to see you yes- terday可知表示在过去的某一时间内正在 做某琪，故用过去进行时。
16.B
17.A点拨:本题用词语应用法。while当……的 日彳候;or否则;unless除非;until直到。根据句 意可知选A。
18-C点拨:考査连词用法。句意：当眾风雨到 来时，他们正在操场上踢足球。when、while 都意为“当……的时候”，但是若从句是一 个短暂性动作，而主句是一个持续性动作， 用when但不用while。故选C。
19-C点拨：由语境可知遇见 ■我”的一位老朋 友时，“我"正在街上走着，主句用一般过去 日^ ，故从句应用过去进行时。
20.D 点拨：此题上下句时态应保持一致，上 句用过去进行时提问，下句也应用这一时态 来回答，所以选择答案D。
教 学 目 标 1. 了解并掌握过去进行时的用法 2. 掌握并能熟练使用过去进行时。 3. 重点词汇、短语
重 点 1. 过去进行时的基本结构 2. 重点词汇、短语
难 点 如何正确运用所学知识完成相关练习
教学过程
1 break down(车辆或机器）出故障，坏掉 eg: He was late because his bike broke down. 他迟到是因为他的自行车坏了。 【归纳】 break into强行闯入; break off 中断; break out(战争、打斗等不愉快事件）突然开始，爆发； break a promise 违背誓言; break ones heart 伤某人的心；break the law违法； break the record打破纪录 【测一测】 根据汉语完成句子 今天早上我爸爸在上班的路上车子拋锚了。 My father’s car on his way to work this morning. 2 because of因为，由于 短语中of为介词，后接名词、代词、动名 词或名词性短语，可与because引导的原因状语从句进行同义转换。 eg：He didn't come to school because of the rain.因为下雨他没来学校。 【测一测】 He didn't go to school because it rained heavily yesterday. He didn't go to school the heavy rain yesterday. 一 过去进行时 1过去进行时既可以表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作行为，也可以表示过去某一段时间正在进行的动作行为。过去进行时与一般过去时一样，也常和表示过去的时间状语连用。与过去进行时连用的常见的时间状语有： this morning， ihe whole afternoon, at this time yesterday, at ten yesterday morning, from nine to ten last night 等。 【测一测】 一I didn't see you at the meeting yesterday. Why —I for an important telephone call at that moment. A. wait B. waited C. am waiting D. was waiting 2过去进行时的构成: 句式结构例子肯定句主语+ was/ were + doing + 其他.I was dancing to the beautiful music then.那时我正在伴随优美的音乐跳舞。 We were listening to the teacher carefully at eight yesterday.昨天八点钟，我们正在认真听老师讲课。 She was running at that time. 那时她在奔跑。 否定句主语+ was/ were+ not +doing+其他He wasn’t doing his homework just now.刚才他没在做家庭作业。 I wasn’t singing then.那时我 没在唱歌。 They weren’t listening to music at that time.那时他 们没在听音乐。一般疑问句Was/Were+主语+doing+其他？ Yes, 主语+was/were. No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t.Were you reading a book 你在看书吗 Yes, I was.是的，我在看。 No, I wasn’t. Were they playing tennis 他们在打网球吗？ Yes, they were. No, they weren’t. Was she dancing Yes, she was. No, she wasn’t.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词 + was/ were + 主 语 + doing +其他？What were you doing at eight yesterday 做题八点你在干什么？ Where was he playing at that moment 那个时候他在哪儿玩？
【测一测】 — Lucy, what were you doing at nine last night 一 I the piano. I usually practice the piano at that time. A. play B. played C. was playing D. am playing 3 过去进行时的用法 用法表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。My sister was doing her homework at eight last night.昨天晚上八点我妹妹在做家庭作业。表示一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作也同时进行。I was watching TV while my father was reading the newspaper.我爸爸 在看报纸时，我在看电视。表示一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作发生了。I met one of my old friends while I was walking in the park.我在公园散步时，遇到了我的一位老朋友。表示过去将要发生的动作。She told us Jack was arriving here. 她告诉我们杰克将到这儿。
【测一测】 —Linda, I called you this morning, but nobody answered the phone. —I’m sorry. I football with my friends then. A. play B. played C. am playing D. was playing 二 when, while与as的用法 1 若主句表示的是一个短暂性动作，从句表示的是一个持续性动作时,三者都可用。 eg: He fell asleep when/while/as he was reading a book.他看书时睡着了。 2若主从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个事件，通常要用while。 eg：Don’t talk while you’re eating something. 当你吃东西时不要说话。 但是，若主从句表示的两个同时的动作含有“一边……—边……”的意思时,通常用as。 eg: She sang as she went along.她边走边唱。 3若从句是一个短暂性动作，主句是一个 持续性动作，可用as/when,但不用while。 eg： It was raining hard when/as we arrived. 我们到达时，天正下着大雨。 4若主从句表示的是两个同时发生的短暂性动作，用as/when。 eg： I also thought of it just when/as you opened your mouth.就在你要开口的时候，我也想到了。 5若要表示两个正在发展变化的动作，相 当于汉语的“随着”，一般用as。 eg：Things are getting better and better as time goes on.随着时间的推移，情况变得越来越好了。 6表示“每当……的时候”（暗示一种规律性），一般要用when。 eg: It’s cold when il snows.下雪时天冷。 7若主从句所表示的动作不是同时发生， 而是有先后顺序的，一般要用when。 eg： I will go home when he comes back. 【测一测】Aunt Lucy will tell us；something about her trip to Australia when she back. A. came B. comes C. would come D. will come 8 when可用作并列连词，表示“这时”； while也可用作并列连词，表示“而，却”（表示 对比）；但as没有类似的用法。 eg：We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们正要开始，这时天开始下雨了。 He likes coffee, while she likes tea. 他喜欢咖啡，而她却喜欢茶。 9 as和when后均可直接跟一个名词或名词性短语，构成省略句，但while —般不可以这样用。 eg： As/When a little boy, he lived in America. 他小时候居住在美国。 10 when和while后可接现在分词、介词短 语、形容词等构成省略句，但as —般不可以这样用。 eg： When/ While in trouble, ask her for help. 遇到麻烦时你就去找她帮忙。 随堂练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.We (make) a snowman from 3:00 to 4：00 yesterday afternoon. 2.Amy (have) lunch at 12: 00 yesterday. 3.She ( watch) TV at home at this time yesterday. 4.Mr White (take) a walk when it started to rain. 5.He (read) a newspaper while his brother was watching TV. 6.My grandpa fell asleep as he (watch) TV. 二、单项选择 7. Jenny in the kitchen when you called her at 5 o’clock this afternoon. A. is cooking B. was cooking C. cooks D. cooked 8.She to an English program while her parents TV. A.was listening; is watching B.listened; were watching C.was listening; watched D.was listening；were watching 9.—What did the teacher say just now 一Sorry, I didn’t hear it. I out of the window. A.look B. looked C. am looking D. was looking 10.―Oh,dear! A power cut! 一Sony,I didn’t know you the washing machine. A. are using B. used C. use D. were using 11.—I phoned you at 7：00 this morning. But there was no answer. —Well, maybe I morning exercises at that time. A. was doing B.did C. is doing D.would do 12.Could you tell me what he said just now 一Sorry, I what was happening outside. A. had thought B. was thinking C. thought D. think 13.一I called you yesterday evening. But nobody answered. —Oh,sony. Maybe I in the bathroom at that time. A.take a shower B.took a shower C.was taking a shower 14.一I was at the cinema at nine o’clock yesterday evening. What about you —I TV at home. A. am watching B. was watching C. will watch D. watched 15.—You were not in when I went to see you yesterday. —Oh, 1 for a friend from England at the airport at that moment. A. had wailed B. was waiting C. am wailing D. have waited 16.— You are in a hurry. Where are you going —To the cinema. Jim for me there! A. waits B. is waiting C. waited D. was waiting 17.—Yesterday Suzy fell over and was hurt badly she was making a snowball. —I’m sorry to hear that. A. while B. or C. unless D. until 18.They were playing soccer on the playground the storm came. A. as soon as B. as long as C.when D. while 19.—It seems that you are happy. Why —I met an old friend of mine while I on the street. A. walks B.walk C. was walking D. am walking 20.—What were you doing at this lime yesterday —I on the grass and drawing a picture. A. sit B.sat C. am sitting D. was sitting
Period 3 : Grammar
一、 1. were making点拨：本题用题眼法。由时 间状语 from... to... yesterday afternoon 可知本 句用过去进行时。
2.was having点拨:本题用题眼法。由时间状语 at 12:00 yesterday可知本句用过去进行时。
3.wan watching 点拨：本题用题眼法。由at
this time yesterday可知本句用过去进行时。
4.was taking 点拨：本句结构为“过去进行时 (主句）+ when+ —般过去时（从句）。”
5.was reading点拨：本句结构为“过去进行时 (主句） while +过去进行时（从句）。”
6.was watching
二、 7.B点拨：本题用题眼法。根据时间状语 从句 when you railed her al 5 o’clock this afternoon 可知足表示过去的某一时间点，故句子 用过去进行时，故选B。
8.D点拨：本题用题眼法。题干中的while为 连词“当……的时候"，引导时间状语从句。 句愆：当她父母在岙电视时，她在收听英语节 目。while可用于表示过去某一时间内同时 发生的两个动作，综合分析可知选D。
9D 点拨：本题用句意理解法。根据上下文 可知老师讲话时“我”正在玢窗外，表示过去 的架一时间内正在做的艰悄用过去进行时。
10.D
H A点拨：本题用题眼法。根据前者所说话 语中的时间状语a丨7 :00 this morning可知后 者所说话语中的动作发生在过去的萊一特
定时刻，故用过去进行时。
12.B点拨:本题用句意理解法。考査动同时 态。由句意可知答语中的“我”刚才正在想 外面发生了什么求，所以此处应用过去进 行时。
13.C点拨：本题用把握语境法。考查动词时 态。根据语境可知答句意为44不好意思，可 能那个时候我正在浴室洗澡”，应使用过去 进行时，故选C。
14.B点拨：本题用联系上下文法。考查动词 时态。根据问句可知讲述的是昨天晚上九 点正在做的琪情，询问对方“你呢厂也应该 是指昨天晚上九点正在做的事情。故此处 用过去进行时。故选B。
15.B点拨：本题用题眼法。根据后者所说话 语中的时间状语at that moment及上文提到 的时间状语从句when I went to see you yes- terday可知表示在过去的某一时间内正在 做某琪，故用过去进行时。
16.B
17.A点拨:本题用词语应用法。while当……的 日彳候;or否则;unless除非;until直到。根据句 意可知选A。
18-C点拨:考査连词用法。句意：当眾风雨到 来时，他们正在操场上踢足球。when、while 都意为“当……的时候”，但是若从句是一 个短暂性动作，而主句是一个持续性动作， 用when但不用while。故选C。
19-C点拨：由语境可知遇见 ■我”的一位老朋 友时，“我"正在街上走着，主句用一般过去 日^ ，故从句应用过去进行时。
20.D 点拨：此题上下句时态应保持一致，上 句用过去进行时提问，下句也应用这一时态 来回答，所以选择答案D。