2025人教版高中英语必修第一册同步练习题--UNIT4 Part 1 Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking（含答案与解析）
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2025人教版高中英语必修第一册
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
Part 1 Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Although he has suffered a serious disease, he is positive.
2.Burying himself his study, he didn’t know that all the others had left.
3.They got lost in the forest and couldn’t find a place to shelter themselves wind and rain.
4.Some online cheaters trap middle school students telling their ID numbers.
5.The lifeboat was sent out to rescue the sailors the sinking ship.
6.Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and (dead), and everything else in between.
7.(易错题)(2023全国甲)For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) to teach a lesson or to pass on (wise).
8.I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good (breathe).
9.(2020全国Ⅱ)It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries (be) using emojis at work.
10.(易错题)Now the number of people learning first aid (increase) rapidly.
11.The light is too weak (cause) any damage people’s eyes.
12.It shocked the athlete that the medal he won in the championship was lost.
Ⅱ.选词填空
in shock;make an effort to;come to an end;dig out;in ruins;as if;a flood of
A terrible earthquake hit this area. Most buildings lay 1. . People there were 2. because it seemed 3. life would 4. .Thanks to the government, soldiers were sent there. Many survivors were 5. and 6. supplies were delivered to the disaster area. People there saw hope and 7. rebuild their home.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.(2023全国乙写作)为了有一个均衡的饮食,过健康的生活,我开始学习如何包饺子。(effort)
and live a healthy life, I set out to learn how to make dumplings.
2.她的头发越发灰白了,就像盖上了霜和雪。(as if)
Her hair grew greyer and greyer, frost and snow.(读后续写—外貌描写)
3.(2024广东华南师大附中期中)The two countries are at war and the shelters are not big enough to accommodate all the children.(句型转换)
→The two countries are at war and the shelters are all the children.(too...to...)
→The two countries are at war and the shelters are all the children.(so...that...)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Strange things happened before the Tangshan earthquake. For several days on end, the water in the village wells 1 (rise) and fell. The well walls had deep cracks. Chickens and pigs were too nervous 2 (eat). At 3:42 on the morning of 28 July, 1976, everything began to shake. 3 seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Nearly one third of China felt the power of the quake. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. Within one minute, 4 whole city lay in ruins—almost everything was destroyed. Two thirds of people there died or got 5 (injure). People were 6 (shock) at this and what was worse, then another big quake hit Tangshan again. People got into deep trouble, 7 (wonder) how long the disaster would last. The army organized teams to dig out those 8 were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for 9 (survivor). Fresh water was taken to the city. Gradually, the city began to breathe again. With effective support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, 10 (final) a new Tangshan was built on the earthquake ruins.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024河北石家庄月考)
Three cows swept away by Hurricane Dorian have been found miles from home in a national park, a spokesman said. Dorian brought strong winds, damaging tornadoes and heavy rain 1 North Carolina in September when it 2 (make) landfall on the Outer Banks in North Carolina.
During the storm, wild horses and cows 3 (carry) away by floodwaters from Cedar Island. Many horses died in the flood. Three cows were missing until they were discovered at the Cape Lookout National Seashore park, according to Horvat, the park’s spokesman.
The cows were not wild. Horvat said they had caretakers(看护人) in Cedar Island 4 looked after them, and the park is trying to get in touch with 5 (they) owner. “They likely got swept away from 6 same body of water as those wild horses,” Horvat said. “These cows were just really 7 (luck) because they went through the same thing and they could have 8 (easy) drowned (淹死).”
One cow was found shortly after Dorian struck, while the other two were found about two weeks later by 9 (visitor). Horvat said the cows were eating in the park and they were able 10 (survive) on the seagrass or other vegetation.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024浙江宁波月考)
Nobody expects a natural disaster to strike. Neither does anyone know the effect it can have on life. The following measures can save your life in an emergency.
Typhoon
Typhoons happen in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, particularly in exposed regions like the Caroline Islands, the Philippines, and Japan. The best place to hide during a typhoon is a secure basement or a bathroom with no windows. A must-have device is a battery-powered weather radio, through which you will hear evacuation orders or in other cases, instructions on how to survive in your shelter and learn about the weather situation.
Flood
Floods happen more often than any other natural disaster and change the landscape dramatically. They are usually caused by heavy rainfall lasting for days. Don’t try to be the bravest person around and stay in your house. Once you hear the evacuation warning, leave for safer higher grounds with your important papers in a waterproof container.
Avalanche(雪崩)
An avalanche can hit when you are enjoying Alpine skiing in a dreamlike location. It is very fast and disastrous, burying everything in its way under tons of snow. When an avalanche starts, try to move to the side of the slope as fast as you can. If you get buried in the snow, dig an air pocket to be able to keep breathing. Wait for the rescue team to find you and don’t waste your energy shouting or digging frantically. Call out when you hear the team approaching.
Wildfire
Wildfires spread at an amazing speed and destroy everything in their way. If you are trapped in a wildfire, use a wet cloth to cover your nose and mouth to ensure that you can breathe. Try to stay upwind of the fire at all times and get close to a pond or river. Stay low and cover yourself with wet clothing, a blanket, or soil until the fire passes.
1.What should those caught in flood do when they hear the evacuation orders
A.Bring an umbrella with them.
B.Go to higher places.
C.Call out for help loudly.
D.Get a torch in case of a blackout.
2.Among the four natural disasters, which one requires people to run against the wind
A.The typhoon. B.The flood. C.The avalanche. D.The wildfire.
3.What do we know from the text
A.Typhoons happen only in the exposed regions in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
B.Floods cause the most frequent damage among the disasters mentioned.
C.Those who meet with avalanches are advised to call out the minute they’re trapped.
D.Getting clean air matters most in the case of wildfires, despite the difficulty.
B
(2023湖北夷陵中学期中)
In December 2004, I had just become a professional photographer and was working on a project about communities who live on the sea, known as sea nomads(海上游牧民族). I was living with members of the Chao-Ley tribe(部落) on a small island in southern Thailand. We didn’t share a language and depended on body language to communicate.
I went to sea with them regularly. One morning, I was due to set out with a group of six fishermen in a small boat. The sea looked different, with the water totally still.
About 20 minutes after we left and a few miles out in the open sea, one of the fishermen pointed to a small white spot far off in the distance. It was getting bigger and bigger very quickly. This was a tsunami wave speeding through the ocean. We were in shock.
Usually, the deeper the water, the weaker the wave. But we weren’t out far enough to be safe, nor close enough to shore to make it back in time. We were stuck. I began to feel really scared.
The captain told the six of us where to sit, so we would balance the boat. My camera was in my backpack. I wanted to capture the scene, but I couldn’t. Any movement would make the boat out of balance. Suddenly there was a huge noise. The wave hit the boat, but in a flash the skilled captain managed to swerve(使突然转向) the boat up and onto the wave. Then the boat moved from the tip of the wave down into safe waters. Our eyes and mouths were wide open, and everyone let out heavy sighs. The captain had saved us all.
Surviving gave me a deep understanding of how important life can be. I’ve been going back to Southeast Asia almost every year since. The photography project has become a thank-you to the person who saved my life. The picture I wanted to take on the boat remains “the one that got away”—I think every photographer has one. But mine changed my life.
4.What happened before the author set out with the fishermen
A.The captain wanted to cancel the trip.
B.He noticed something unusual.
C.They saw a white spot in the distance.
D.It looked as if it was about to rain.
5.When did the author start to feel frightened
A.When fishermen on the boat felt nervous.
B.When he realized they were trapped.
C.When the boat was about to be hit.
D.When the boat shook violently.
6.What was the author doing when the tsunami wave hit the boat
A.Helping the captain swerve. B.Taking a photo of the wave.
C.Trying not to move. D.Reaching for his backpack.
7.What did the author learn from his experience
A.We should have the courage to take risks.
B.Opportunity never knocks twice.
C.Life is too short to be wasted.
D.Sometimes regrets in life can save us.
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
Part 1 Listening and Speaking &
Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.from 考查介词。suffer from后接表示疾病的名词,表示“患……病”。故填from。句意:虽然他得了很严重的病,但是他很乐观。
2.in 考查介词。bury oneself in...表示“专心致志于……”,故填介词in。句意:他埋头学习,不知道其他人都走了。
3.from 考查介词。shelter...from...意为“保护……免受……”。句意:他们在森林里迷了路,找不到遮风避雨的地方。
4.into 考查介词。trap sb. into doing sth.意为“诱骗某人做某事”。故填into。句意:一些网络骗子诱骗中学生说出他们的身份证号。
5. from 考查介词。rescue...from...意为“把……从……营救出来”。故填from。句意:救生艇被派出去把海员们从即将沉没的船只中营救出来。
6.death 考查名词。句意:舞蹈表达爱与恨,欢乐与悲伤,生与死,以及其他介于这之间的一切。love and hate、joy and sorrow、life and 为三个并列的结构,这三个结构都是由and连接两个不可数名词构成的,所以设空处也应用名词,根据语境可知填death。
7.wisdom 考查名词。句意:几千年来,人们通过讲寓言来传授经验或传递智慧。根据空前的pass on 可知设空处应该填名词,wise的名词形式为wisdom,意为“智慧”,为不可数名词。
易错归因
本题易误填wisedom,原因在于对wise的名词变形不熟悉,wise的名词形式需要特殊记忆,不能直接加-dom,而要去e加-dom。
8.to breathe 考查不定式。句意:我喜欢在夏天早起。早晨的空气呼吸起来很好。本句是“sth.+be+adj.+to do”句式,形容词表示的是不定式的性质,且不定式的逻辑宾语为句子的主语(The morning air),这时不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。故填to breathe。
9.are 考查主谓一致。句意:据报道,在一些西方国家,76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号。本句为主从复合句,It 为形式主语,that引导的从句为真正的主语。that从句中的主语为76 percent of employees,设空处构成从句中的谓语,“数字+percent of+可数名词复数”作主语,谓语动词用复数,故设空处用are,构成现在进行时。
10.is increasing 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,主语为“the number of people”,谓语动词需用单数形式;结合开头的Now可知此处表示“现在学习急救的人的数量正在快速增加”,需用现在进行时,故填is increasing。
易错归因
本题学生易在主谓一致方面犯错误,受前面集合名词people的影响认为谓语动词用复数。the number of意为“……的数量”,其后跟可数名词的复数或集合名词作主语时谓语动词用单数;a number of意为“许多”,其后跟可数名词的复数或集合名词作主语时谓语动词用复数。
11.to cause;to 考查too...to...结构及damage的固定搭配。句意:这种光太弱了,对人的眼睛产生不了什么伤害。too...to do...意为“太……而不能做……”;cause damage to...意为“对……造成伤害”。故第一空填不定式to cause,第二空填介词to。
12.that/which 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,后面内容缺少won的宾语,结合语境可知设空处引导定语从句,先行词为medal,关系词代替先行词在从句中作宾语,指物,故填that或which。句意:这位运动员在锦标赛中赢得的奖牌丢失了,这让他感到震惊。
Ⅱ.1.in ruins 2.in shock 3.as if 4.come to an end 5.dug out 6.a flood of 7.made an effort to
Ⅲ.1.In an effort to have a balanced diet 2.as if it were covered with 3.too small to accommodate;so small that they can’t accommodate
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.rose 考查动词的时态。根据上一句中的before the Tangshan earthquake可知,此处讲的是唐山大地震前的情况,为过去发生的事情,需用一般过去时,故填rose。
2.to eat 考查不定式。句意:鸡和猪都紧张得吃不下东西。too...to do...意为“太……而不能做……”,故此处需填不定式作结果状语。故填to eat。
3.It 考查代词。It seems/seemed as if...表示“似乎/好像……”。故填It。句意:好像世界末日就要到了!
4.the 考查冠词。句意:不到一分钟,整个城市就成了一片废墟……。此处特指唐山这个城市,需要在whole前加定冠词the。
5.injured 考查过去分词。get injured意为“受伤”。故填injured。
6.shocked 考查形容词。主语为People,设空处作表语,故用形容词shocked。be shocked at...意为“对……感到震惊”。
7.wondering 考查现在分词。句意:人们深陷困境,想知道这场灾难要持续多久。设空处前面已有谓语got into,且逗号后无连词,故设空处应为非谓语动词。wonder与其逻辑主语People之间为主动关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。
8.who 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,前面为代词those,“ 8 were trapped”中缺主语(设空处后面为谓语),且将前面的those作为主语代入后面意思合理,故推测设空处引导定语从句且在从句中充当主语,指代先行词those,指人,故填who。
9.survivors 考查名词复数。survivor意为“幸存者”,为可数名词,空前没有限定词,所以用复数形式。故填survivors。
10.finally 考查副词。设空处后是一个完整的句子,提示词是形容词,所以用副词作状语,故填finally。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道,主要讲述的是被飓风“多里安”刮走的三头牛在离家数英里的卢考特角国家海滨公园被发现。
1.to 考查介词。句意:9月,多里安在北卡罗来纳州的外滩群岛登陆时,给北卡罗来纳州带来了强风、破坏性龙卷风和暴雨。bring sth. to...表示“给……带来某物”。故填to。
2.made 考查动词的时态。设空处是时间状语从句中的谓语,根据主句中的谓语动词brought使用一般过去时可知,空处应与主句时态一致,故用一般过去时。故填made。
3.were carried 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:在暴风雨中,野马和牛被洪水从雪松岛冲走。设空处是句子的谓语,叙述的是在那场暴风雨中的事情,所以是过去的事情,应使用一般过去时,提示词与表示复数意义的主语wild horses and cows有被动关系,故用被动语态。故填were carried。
4.that/who 考查定语从句。句意:霍瓦特说,它们在雪松岛有看护人照顾它们,公园正试图与它们的主人取得联系。设空处引导一个定语从句且在从句中作主语,先行词为caretakers,指人,所以用关系代词that或who。故填that/who。
5.their 考查代词。设空处修饰名词owner,表示“它们的主人”,所以用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
6.the 考查冠词。根据后面的same可知设空处应填定冠词the,the same...表示“相同的……”。
7.lucky 考查形容词。设空处作表语,表示“幸运的”,所以用形容词形式。故填lucky。
8.easily 考查副词。设空处修饰动词drowned,作状语,用副词形式。故填easily。句意:这些牛真的很幸运,因为它们经历了同样的事情,它们本来很容易被淹死。could have done意为“本可能做某事(但没做)”。
9.visitors 考查名词。设空处作宾语,用名词形式,visitor为可数名词,且其前无限定词,所以空处用名词复数形式表示泛指意义。故填visitors。
10.to survive 考查不定式。be able to do sth.意为“能够做某事”,所以空处用动词不定式形式。故填to survive。句意:霍瓦特说,这些牛正在公园吃东西,它们能够依靠海草或其他植物生存下来。
【高频词汇】 1.look after照顾 2.get in touch with与……取得联系 3.go through经历,遭受
【差距词汇】 landfall n.登陆,着陆
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文,主要讲了在遇到自然灾害时如何挽救自己的生命。
1.B 细节理解题。根据Flood部分中的“Once you hear the evacuation warning, leave for safer higher grounds”可知,遇到洪水时,一旦听到疏散警告,要转移到更安全的高地。故选B。
2.D 细节理解题。根据Wildfire部分中的“Try to stay upwind of the fire at all times”可知,在遇到野火时需要逆风跑。故选D。
学科思维
本题的关键在于理解文中upwind的意思,考生要学会用拆分的方法尝试着理解词义。up(向上)与wind(风)组合,即“向风的上方”,也就是“逆风”,与题干中的against the wind呼应。
3.B 细节理解题。根据Flood部分中的“Floods happen more often than any other natural disaster” 可知,洪水比其他自然灾害发生得更频繁,所以B选项“在上述灾害中,洪水造成的破坏最为频繁”与原文信息相符。
易错归因
本题易误选D项。根据Wildfire部分中的“use a wet cloth to cover your nose and mouth to ensure that you can breathe”可知,在遇到野火时,重要的是保证能够呼吸,而D项的“获得干净的空气”属于更高层次的要求,原文并未提及。
【高频词汇】 1.exposed adj.无遮蔽的 2.secure adj.安全的;可靠的;牢固的 3.device n.装置,设备,仪器
4.dramatically adv.剧烈地 5.approach v.靠近,接近
6.ensure v.确保,保证
【差距词汇】 1.waterproof adj.防水的;耐水的
2.frantically adv.手忙脚乱地
长难句
原句 A must-have device is a battery-powered weather radio, through which you will hear evacuation orders or in other cases, instructions on how to survive in your shelter and learn about the weather situation.
分析 句子主干是“A must-have device is a battery-powered weather radio”,合成词must-have和battery-powered用作形容词,分别修饰名词device和weather radio; through which引导非限制性定语从句;hear后面为or连接的两个宾语evacuation orders 和instructions。how to...作介词on的宾语,and连接hear和learn about。
译文 一个必不可少的设备是电池供电的天气收音机,通过它你可以听到疏散命令,或者听到在其他情况下如何在避难所生存的指导并了解天气情况。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在与六个渔民乘坐一条小船出海时遭遇了海啸,英勇的船长救了船上所有人的故事。
4.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句可知,一天早晨,作者要和六个渔民乘坐一条小船出发。大海看起来不一样了,海水是完全静止的。所以,在出发前,作者注意到了一些不寻常的情况。故选B。
5.B 细节理解题。根据题干中的feel frightened定位到第四段中的“I began to feel really scared.”。根据该信息前面的“But we weren’t out far enough to be safe, nor close enough to shore to make it back in time. We were stuck.”可知,当作者意识到他们被困住的时候,他开始感到害怕。故选B。
6.C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段前四句可知,为了让船能平衡,船长告诉作者在内的六人坐在合适的位置。尽管作者想拿出背包里的照相机拍摄,但他不能这样做,任何动作都会使船失去平衡。所以当海啸波袭击船的时候,作者尽力保持不动。故选C。
7.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,经历了那次与死神的邂逅,作者深刻理解了生命的重要性。虽说在那次灾难中,作为摄影师,作者没有拍到现场的照片,但船长的英勇和他们的克制不动让他们活了下来。由此推知,从这次经历中作者意识到有时候生活中的遗憾可以拯救我们。作者的遗憾就是没能拍到当时的照片。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.professional adj.专业的;职业的 n.专业人士 2.depend on依靠,信赖 3.regularly adv.经常;有规律地 4.in the distance在远处 5.in time及时
6.balance v.使平衡 7.scene n.场面,情景
【熟词生义】 1.still adj.平静的;静止的 2.speed v.快速前行
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2025人教版高中英语必修第一册
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
Part 1 Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Although he has suffered a serious disease, he is positive.
2.Burying himself his study, he didn’t know that all the others had left.
3.They got lost in the forest and couldn’t find a place to shelter themselves wind and rain.
4.Some online cheaters trap middle school students telling their ID numbers.
5.The lifeboat was sent out to rescue the sailors the sinking ship.
6.Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and (dead), and everything else in between.
7.(易错题)(2023全国甲)For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) to teach a lesson or to pass on (wise).
8.I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good (breathe).
9.(2020全国Ⅱ)It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries (be) using emojis at work.
10.(易错题)Now the number of people learning first aid (increase) rapidly.
11.The light is too weak (cause) any damage people’s eyes.
12.It shocked the athlete that the medal he won in the championship was lost.
Ⅱ.选词填空
in shock;make an effort to;come to an end;dig out;in ruins;as if;a flood of
A terrible earthquake hit this area. Most buildings lay 1. . People there were 2. because it seemed 3. life would 4. .Thanks to the government, soldiers were sent there. Many survivors were 5. and 6. supplies were delivered to the disaster area. People there saw hope and 7. rebuild their home.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.(2023全国乙写作)为了有一个均衡的饮食,过健康的生活,我开始学习如何包饺子。(effort)
and live a healthy life, I set out to learn how to make dumplings.
2.她的头发越发灰白了,就像盖上了霜和雪。(as if)
Her hair grew greyer and greyer, frost and snow.(读后续写—外貌描写)
3.(2024广东华南师大附中期中)The two countries are at war and the shelters are not big enough to accommodate all the children.(句型转换)
→The two countries are at war and the shelters are all the children.(too...to...)
→The two countries are at war and the shelters are all the children.(so...that...)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Strange things happened before the Tangshan earthquake. For several days on end, the water in the village wells 1 (rise) and fell. The well walls had deep cracks. Chickens and pigs were too nervous 2 (eat). At 3:42 on the morning of 28 July, 1976, everything began to shake. 3 seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Nearly one third of China felt the power of the quake. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. Within one minute, 4 whole city lay in ruins—almost everything was destroyed. Two thirds of people there died or got 5 (injure). People were 6 (shock) at this and what was worse, then another big quake hit Tangshan again. People got into deep trouble, 7 (wonder) how long the disaster would last. The army organized teams to dig out those 8 were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for 9 (survivor). Fresh water was taken to the city. Gradually, the city began to breathe again. With effective support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, 10 (final) a new Tangshan was built on the earthquake ruins.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024河北石家庄月考)
Three cows swept away by Hurricane Dorian have been found miles from home in a national park, a spokesman said. Dorian brought strong winds, damaging tornadoes and heavy rain 1 North Carolina in September when it 2 (make) landfall on the Outer Banks in North Carolina.
During the storm, wild horses and cows 3 (carry) away by floodwaters from Cedar Island. Many horses died in the flood. Three cows were missing until they were discovered at the Cape Lookout National Seashore park, according to Horvat, the park’s spokesman.
The cows were not wild. Horvat said they had caretakers(看护人) in Cedar Island 4 looked after them, and the park is trying to get in touch with 5 (they) owner. “They likely got swept away from 6 same body of water as those wild horses,” Horvat said. “These cows were just really 7 (luck) because they went through the same thing and they could have 8 (easy) drowned (淹死).”
One cow was found shortly after Dorian struck, while the other two were found about two weeks later by 9 (visitor). Horvat said the cows were eating in the park and they were able 10 (survive) on the seagrass or other vegetation.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024浙江宁波月考)
Nobody expects a natural disaster to strike. Neither does anyone know the effect it can have on life. The following measures can save your life in an emergency.
Typhoon
Typhoons happen in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, particularly in exposed regions like the Caroline Islands, the Philippines, and Japan. The best place to hide during a typhoon is a secure basement or a bathroom with no windows. A must-have device is a battery-powered weather radio, through which you will hear evacuation orders or in other cases, instructions on how to survive in your shelter and learn about the weather situation.
Flood
Floods happen more often than any other natural disaster and change the landscape dramatically. They are usually caused by heavy rainfall lasting for days. Don’t try to be the bravest person around and stay in your house. Once you hear the evacuation warning, leave for safer higher grounds with your important papers in a waterproof container.
Avalanche(雪崩)
An avalanche can hit when you are enjoying Alpine skiing in a dreamlike location. It is very fast and disastrous, burying everything in its way under tons of snow. When an avalanche starts, try to move to the side of the slope as fast as you can. If you get buried in the snow, dig an air pocket to be able to keep breathing. Wait for the rescue team to find you and don’t waste your energy shouting or digging frantically. Call out when you hear the team approaching.
Wildfire
Wildfires spread at an amazing speed and destroy everything in their way. If you are trapped in a wildfire, use a wet cloth to cover your nose and mouth to ensure that you can breathe. Try to stay upwind of the fire at all times and get close to a pond or river. Stay low and cover yourself with wet clothing, a blanket, or soil until the fire passes.
1.What should those caught in flood do when they hear the evacuation orders
A.Bring an umbrella with them.
B.Go to higher places.
C.Call out for help loudly.
D.Get a torch in case of a blackout.
2.Among the four natural disasters, which one requires people to run against the wind
A.The typhoon. B.The flood. C.The avalanche. D.The wildfire.
3.What do we know from the text
A.Typhoons happen only in the exposed regions in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
B.Floods cause the most frequent damage among the disasters mentioned.
C.Those who meet with avalanches are advised to call out the minute they’re trapped.
D.Getting clean air matters most in the case of wildfires, despite the difficulty.
B
(2023湖北夷陵中学期中)
In December 2004, I had just become a professional photographer and was working on a project about communities who live on the sea, known as sea nomads(海上游牧民族). I was living with members of the Chao-Ley tribe(部落) on a small island in southern Thailand. We didn’t share a language and depended on body language to communicate.
I went to sea with them regularly. One morning, I was due to set out with a group of six fishermen in a small boat. The sea looked different, with the water totally still.
About 20 minutes after we left and a few miles out in the open sea, one of the fishermen pointed to a small white spot far off in the distance. It was getting bigger and bigger very quickly. This was a tsunami wave speeding through the ocean. We were in shock.
Usually, the deeper the water, the weaker the wave. But we weren’t out far enough to be safe, nor close enough to shore to make it back in time. We were stuck. I began to feel really scared.
The captain told the six of us where to sit, so we would balance the boat. My camera was in my backpack. I wanted to capture the scene, but I couldn’t. Any movement would make the boat out of balance. Suddenly there was a huge noise. The wave hit the boat, but in a flash the skilled captain managed to swerve(使突然转向) the boat up and onto the wave. Then the boat moved from the tip of the wave down into safe waters. Our eyes and mouths were wide open, and everyone let out heavy sighs. The captain had saved us all.
Surviving gave me a deep understanding of how important life can be. I’ve been going back to Southeast Asia almost every year since. The photography project has become a thank-you to the person who saved my life. The picture I wanted to take on the boat remains “the one that got away”—I think every photographer has one. But mine changed my life.
4.What happened before the author set out with the fishermen
A.The captain wanted to cancel the trip.
B.He noticed something unusual.
C.They saw a white spot in the distance.
D.It looked as if it was about to rain.
5.When did the author start to feel frightened
A.When fishermen on the boat felt nervous.
B.When he realized they were trapped.
C.When the boat was about to be hit.
D.When the boat shook violently.
6.What was the author doing when the tsunami wave hit the boat
A.Helping the captain swerve. B.Taking a photo of the wave.
C.Trying not to move. D.Reaching for his backpack.
7.What did the author learn from his experience
A.We should have the courage to take risks.
B.Opportunity never knocks twice.
C.Life is too short to be wasted.
D.Sometimes regrets in life can save us.
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
Part 1 Listening and Speaking &
Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.from 考查介词。suffer from后接表示疾病的名词,表示“患……病”。故填from。句意:虽然他得了很严重的病,但是他很乐观。
2.in 考查介词。bury oneself in...表示“专心致志于……”,故填介词in。句意:他埋头学习,不知道其他人都走了。
3.from 考查介词。shelter...from...意为“保护……免受……”。句意:他们在森林里迷了路,找不到遮风避雨的地方。
4.into 考查介词。trap sb. into doing sth.意为“诱骗某人做某事”。故填into。句意:一些网络骗子诱骗中学生说出他们的身份证号。
5. from 考查介词。rescue...from...意为“把……从……营救出来”。故填from。句意:救生艇被派出去把海员们从即将沉没的船只中营救出来。
6.death 考查名词。句意:舞蹈表达爱与恨,欢乐与悲伤,生与死,以及其他介于这之间的一切。love and hate、joy and sorrow、life and 为三个并列的结构,这三个结构都是由and连接两个不可数名词构成的,所以设空处也应用名词,根据语境可知填death。
7.wisdom 考查名词。句意:几千年来,人们通过讲寓言来传授经验或传递智慧。根据空前的pass on 可知设空处应该填名词,wise的名词形式为wisdom,意为“智慧”,为不可数名词。
易错归因
本题易误填wisedom,原因在于对wise的名词变形不熟悉,wise的名词形式需要特殊记忆,不能直接加-dom,而要去e加-dom。
8.to breathe 考查不定式。句意:我喜欢在夏天早起。早晨的空气呼吸起来很好。本句是“sth.+be+adj.+to do”句式,形容词表示的是不定式的性质,且不定式的逻辑宾语为句子的主语(The morning air),这时不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。故填to breathe。
9.are 考查主谓一致。句意:据报道,在一些西方国家,76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号。本句为主从复合句,It 为形式主语,that引导的从句为真正的主语。that从句中的主语为76 percent of employees,设空处构成从句中的谓语,“数字+percent of+可数名词复数”作主语,谓语动词用复数,故设空处用are,构成现在进行时。
10.is increasing 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,主语为“the number of people”,谓语动词需用单数形式;结合开头的Now可知此处表示“现在学习急救的人的数量正在快速增加”,需用现在进行时,故填is increasing。
易错归因
本题学生易在主谓一致方面犯错误,受前面集合名词people的影响认为谓语动词用复数。the number of意为“……的数量”,其后跟可数名词的复数或集合名词作主语时谓语动词用单数;a number of意为“许多”,其后跟可数名词的复数或集合名词作主语时谓语动词用复数。
11.to cause;to 考查too...to...结构及damage的固定搭配。句意:这种光太弱了,对人的眼睛产生不了什么伤害。too...to do...意为“太……而不能做……”;cause damage to...意为“对……造成伤害”。故第一空填不定式to cause,第二空填介词to。
12.that/which 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,后面内容缺少won的宾语,结合语境可知设空处引导定语从句,先行词为medal,关系词代替先行词在从句中作宾语,指物,故填that或which。句意:这位运动员在锦标赛中赢得的奖牌丢失了,这让他感到震惊。
Ⅱ.1.in ruins 2.in shock 3.as if 4.come to an end 5.dug out 6.a flood of 7.made an effort to
Ⅲ.1.In an effort to have a balanced diet 2.as if it were covered with 3.too small to accommodate;so small that they can’t accommodate
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.rose 考查动词的时态。根据上一句中的before the Tangshan earthquake可知,此处讲的是唐山大地震前的情况,为过去发生的事情,需用一般过去时,故填rose。
2.to eat 考查不定式。句意:鸡和猪都紧张得吃不下东西。too...to do...意为“太……而不能做……”,故此处需填不定式作结果状语。故填to eat。
3.It 考查代词。It seems/seemed as if...表示“似乎/好像……”。故填It。句意:好像世界末日就要到了!
4.the 考查冠词。句意:不到一分钟,整个城市就成了一片废墟……。此处特指唐山这个城市,需要在whole前加定冠词the。
5.injured 考查过去分词。get injured意为“受伤”。故填injured。
6.shocked 考查形容词。主语为People,设空处作表语,故用形容词shocked。be shocked at...意为“对……感到震惊”。
7.wondering 考查现在分词。句意:人们深陷困境,想知道这场灾难要持续多久。设空处前面已有谓语got into,且逗号后无连词,故设空处应为非谓语动词。wonder与其逻辑主语People之间为主动关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。
8.who 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,前面为代词those,“ 8 were trapped”中缺主语(设空处后面为谓语),且将前面的those作为主语代入后面意思合理,故推测设空处引导定语从句且在从句中充当主语,指代先行词those,指人,故填who。
9.survivors 考查名词复数。survivor意为“幸存者”,为可数名词,空前没有限定词,所以用复数形式。故填survivors。
10.finally 考查副词。设空处后是一个完整的句子,提示词是形容词,所以用副词作状语,故填finally。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道,主要讲述的是被飓风“多里安”刮走的三头牛在离家数英里的卢考特角国家海滨公园被发现。
1.to 考查介词。句意:9月,多里安在北卡罗来纳州的外滩群岛登陆时,给北卡罗来纳州带来了强风、破坏性龙卷风和暴雨。bring sth. to...表示“给……带来某物”。故填to。
2.made 考查动词的时态。设空处是时间状语从句中的谓语,根据主句中的谓语动词brought使用一般过去时可知,空处应与主句时态一致,故用一般过去时。故填made。
3.were carried 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:在暴风雨中,野马和牛被洪水从雪松岛冲走。设空处是句子的谓语,叙述的是在那场暴风雨中的事情,所以是过去的事情,应使用一般过去时,提示词与表示复数意义的主语wild horses and cows有被动关系,故用被动语态。故填were carried。
4.that/who 考查定语从句。句意:霍瓦特说,它们在雪松岛有看护人照顾它们,公园正试图与它们的主人取得联系。设空处引导一个定语从句且在从句中作主语,先行词为caretakers,指人,所以用关系代词that或who。故填that/who。
5.their 考查代词。设空处修饰名词owner,表示“它们的主人”,所以用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
6.the 考查冠词。根据后面的same可知设空处应填定冠词the,the same...表示“相同的……”。
7.lucky 考查形容词。设空处作表语,表示“幸运的”,所以用形容词形式。故填lucky。
8.easily 考查副词。设空处修饰动词drowned,作状语,用副词形式。故填easily。句意:这些牛真的很幸运,因为它们经历了同样的事情,它们本来很容易被淹死。could have done意为“本可能做某事(但没做)”。
9.visitors 考查名词。设空处作宾语,用名词形式,visitor为可数名词,且其前无限定词,所以空处用名词复数形式表示泛指意义。故填visitors。
10.to survive 考查不定式。be able to do sth.意为“能够做某事”,所以空处用动词不定式形式。故填to survive。句意:霍瓦特说,这些牛正在公园吃东西,它们能够依靠海草或其他植物生存下来。
【高频词汇】 1.look after照顾 2.get in touch with与……取得联系 3.go through经历,遭受
【差距词汇】 landfall n.登陆,着陆
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文,主要讲了在遇到自然灾害时如何挽救自己的生命。
1.B 细节理解题。根据Flood部分中的“Once you hear the evacuation warning, leave for safer higher grounds”可知,遇到洪水时,一旦听到疏散警告,要转移到更安全的高地。故选B。
2.D 细节理解题。根据Wildfire部分中的“Try to stay upwind of the fire at all times”可知,在遇到野火时需要逆风跑。故选D。
学科思维
本题的关键在于理解文中upwind的意思,考生要学会用拆分的方法尝试着理解词义。up(向上)与wind(风)组合,即“向风的上方”,也就是“逆风”,与题干中的against the wind呼应。
3.B 细节理解题。根据Flood部分中的“Floods happen more often than any other natural disaster” 可知,洪水比其他自然灾害发生得更频繁,所以B选项“在上述灾害中,洪水造成的破坏最为频繁”与原文信息相符。
易错归因
本题易误选D项。根据Wildfire部分中的“use a wet cloth to cover your nose and mouth to ensure that you can breathe”可知,在遇到野火时,重要的是保证能够呼吸,而D项的“获得干净的空气”属于更高层次的要求,原文并未提及。
【高频词汇】 1.exposed adj.无遮蔽的 2.secure adj.安全的;可靠的;牢固的 3.device n.装置,设备,仪器
4.dramatically adv.剧烈地 5.approach v.靠近,接近
6.ensure v.确保,保证
【差距词汇】 1.waterproof adj.防水的;耐水的
2.frantically adv.手忙脚乱地
长难句
原句 A must-have device is a battery-powered weather radio, through which you will hear evacuation orders or in other cases, instructions on how to survive in your shelter and learn about the weather situation.
分析 句子主干是“A must-have device is a battery-powered weather radio”,合成词must-have和battery-powered用作形容词,分别修饰名词device和weather radio; through which引导非限制性定语从句;hear后面为or连接的两个宾语evacuation orders 和instructions。how to...作介词on的宾语,and连接hear和learn about。
译文 一个必不可少的设备是电池供电的天气收音机,通过它你可以听到疏散命令,或者听到在其他情况下如何在避难所生存的指导并了解天气情况。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在与六个渔民乘坐一条小船出海时遭遇了海啸,英勇的船长救了船上所有人的故事。
4.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句可知,一天早晨,作者要和六个渔民乘坐一条小船出发。大海看起来不一样了,海水是完全静止的。所以,在出发前,作者注意到了一些不寻常的情况。故选B。
5.B 细节理解题。根据题干中的feel frightened定位到第四段中的“I began to feel really scared.”。根据该信息前面的“But we weren’t out far enough to be safe, nor close enough to shore to make it back in time. We were stuck.”可知,当作者意识到他们被困住的时候,他开始感到害怕。故选B。
6.C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段前四句可知,为了让船能平衡,船长告诉作者在内的六人坐在合适的位置。尽管作者想拿出背包里的照相机拍摄,但他不能这样做,任何动作都会使船失去平衡。所以当海啸波袭击船的时候,作者尽力保持不动。故选C。
7.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,经历了那次与死神的邂逅,作者深刻理解了生命的重要性。虽说在那次灾难中,作为摄影师,作者没有拍到现场的照片,但船长的英勇和他们的克制不动让他们活了下来。由此推知,从这次经历中作者意识到有时候生活中的遗憾可以拯救我们。作者的遗憾就是没能拍到当时的照片。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.professional adj.专业的;职业的 n.专业人士 2.depend on依靠,信赖 3.regularly adv.经常;有规律地 4.in the distance在远处 5.in time及时
6.balance v.使平衡 7.scene n.场面,情景
【熟词生义】 1.still adj.平静的;静止的 2.speed v.快速前行
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