2025人教版高中英语必修第一册同步练习题--UNIT4 Part 2 Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking（含答案与解析）
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2025人教版高中英语必修第一册
Part 2 Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The (电) had been cut off.
2.Take more money with you in case of (紧急情况).
3.(2020新高考Ⅱ)Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski, has long been writing about (灾难).
4.(2022浙江1月)I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my life was (影响).
5.There are many active (火山)in the country, and they may e at any time and (摧毁) millions of buildings.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The main purpose of the passage is to supply visitors hotel information.
2.Mrs. Coxen was aided looking after the children by her mother.
3.(2024湖南常德月考)She began chatting (calm) with him, asking his name, his favorite books and his favorite characters.
4.How can you survive such a poor diet Keeping slim doesn’t make sense if you’re not healthy.
5.(2024广东深圳期中)The next day people put up shelters the open air with anything that they could find.
6.Our team of experts will be hand to offer help between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. daily.
7.(易错题)(2020北京)In some respects, today’s (power) computing machines already make our brains look weak.
8.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it (be) broken.
Ⅲ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
将下列句子合并为含定语从句的主从复合句
1.Look at the boy and his dog. I meet them every day on my way to school.
2.She is an artist. I am quite familiar with her works.
3.The whole city is in ruins. It was struck by a terrible earthquake yesterday.
4.We visited the lady yesterday. She taught us Chinese when we were in primary school.
5.The man is our new manager. You spoke to him this morning.
题型(二)
用适当的关系代词填空
A Girl Who Is Good at Drawing
Mary 1 drawings were shown at the exhibition(展览会) last month is a model student 2 is often praised for her good works at school. As soon as we got into the exhibition hall, our attention was attracted by a very large picture 3 was hung on the wall in front of us.
The horse 4 is in the drawing is exactly like a real one. The man 5 is riding on it looks like a living man.
It is the best drawing 6 I have ever seen, and I should say Mary is the best young painter 7 I have ever heard of. However, you will be quite mistaken if you think that Mary is a born painter. One of her teachers told me that it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing before she became the person of 8 her school is proud.
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024福建福州月考)
For the past few years, I’ve taken my vacation in the spring. One April I planned to visit a friend in Nepal who had lived in the country for over 15 years.
I flew to Kathmandu and spent a week visiting tourist sites, and on Friday, April 24, 2015, we went to Lukla, a mountain town in the northeast. My friend had worked there before. We visited a nearby village on Saturday. We were served a delicious pancake and endless cups of milk tea; villagers made small talk and caught up with each other. After a couple of hours, my friend and I made a polite exit (离去) for a coffee break across the dirt path in our lodging, a house he had lived in while working in Lukla years ago.
As we sat in the kitchen taking a rest, I wondered why it felt like the Underground was running under the village. As the sound started to shake, I looked out the window at the passers-by and thought it felt like a truck was driving by—impossible in this village. I looked at my friend and he said immediately, “It’s an earthquake.” Before I could ask questions, he began shouting, getting out of the house. By the time I was running down the dirt path, I couldn’t run straight.
Away from buildings, we lowered our bodies near a low wall, and unbelievably before our eyes, walls and buildings fell. In front of us the end wall of the house we slept in collapsed (倒塌), the stones falling to the ground. In a matter of seconds, every house in the village was damaged, with walls either seriously cracked or partially or completely damaged.
In the days and weeks that followed we called to check in and told friends where we were and what we were doing. The event was so wide-reaching that it was difficult to understand except through personal stories.
1.What did the author do in Nepal
A.He visited his friend. B.He tried to look for a job.
C.He built a house for villagers. D.He moved to a village to enjoy life.
2.Which of the following can best describe the villagers
A.Shy. B.Cautious. C.Friendly. D.Humorous.
3.What happened when the author stayed in the kitchen
A.He was injured by a collapsed wall.
B.An earthquake struck the village.
C.A truck drove by the village.
D.He missed the train.
4.What can we infer about the village in Paragraph 4
A.It was left empty. B.It was quite peaceful.
C.It was badly damaged. D.It was attractive to visitors.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023重庆外国语学校期中)
Looking to make the biggest impact after a disaster This guide will help you deliver the necessary resources to the right people quickly and easily, as well as helping you be prepared for a potential emergency. 1 .
Create a fundraiser
Put simply, more people equal more money, and creating your own fundraiser(筹集资金的活动) is a great way to encourage people who want to help. 2 . Designate(指定)a charity to receive the funds so people can donate(捐赠) directly on the organization’s site or through an app; thus, you won’t have to transfer money through your personal account.
Collect supplies
3 . Start by checking an organization’s website, which often has lists of what is needed and where to send it. Or call community offices in the disaster-affected area to see what specific needs they have.
Donate your skills or time
You can contact your local emergency services to see if they are seeking a helping hand. If you don’t have a particular skill, offer your time to help with the clean-up afterwards. However, always call or check online first. 4 . In reality, you will be adding one more person to the already strained situation.
5
One of the most helpful things you can do in a natural disaster is prepare yourself ahead of time. Not only will the preventive measures protect you, but they will also limit damage in case a disaster strikes. The first step is to find out which disasters are most likely to affect you. The second step is to stock up on necessary emergency items.
A.Learn to protect yourself
B.Be prepared for a natural disaster in advance
C.Here is how to help those affected or potentially affected by natural disasters
D.It’s best to take a little extra time to find out what is really short
E.Do not go as an individual volunteer to a disaster zone expecting to find ways to help
F.If you’re trying to find out how to help in natural disasters, you’re in the right place
G.If you’re dealing with a local natural disaster, start by raising money in your community
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2024安徽淮北一中月考)
On 20 December, in Newdale, a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore. Worse still, the waves 1 thousands dead. Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to 2 the disaster without any loss of life. A 10-year-old girl, Sabrina Andron, helped around 100 people escape danger with her 3 of tsunamis.
The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach. People were walking, running or simply sitting on the sandy beach, 4 the warm sea air and enjoying the soft 5 that brushed their hair. Sabrina was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something 6 . “The water was like the bubbles (气泡) on the top of a beer,” she later explained. “It wasn’t 7 and it wasn’t going in and then out. It was just coming in and in and in.” It struck her that these were the 8 of an upcoming tsunami, which Sabrina had just learnt about in a geography lesson.
Sabrina was 9 , but she soon kept her head. She warned her parents of the 10 , though at first they just thought she was 11 . However, Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was 12 and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer. To her great relief, the officer 13 realized the coming danger. The people were rapidly 14 from the beach, just before the huge waves 15 into the coast.
1.A.brought B.left
C.affected D.led
2.A.survive B.recognize
C.revive D.quit
3.A.impression B.knowledge
C.wisdom D.detail
4.A.taking in B.making up
C.focusing on D.checking out
5.A.sunshine B.wind
C.whistle D.wave
6.A.unique B.powerful
C.attractive D.strange
7.A.narrow B.adventurous
C.calm D.distant
8.A.damage B.signs
C.effect D.results
9.A.confused B.embarrassed
C.frightened D.annoyed
10.A.stress B.development
C.credit D.danger
11.A.cheating B.debating
C.joking D.helping
12.A.under control B.on hand
C.out of sight D.on its way
13.A.actually B.anxiously
C.curiously D.immediately
14.A.cured B.warned
C.cleared D.reminded
15.A.crashed B.slid
C.divided D.tapped
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
Part 2 Discovering Useful Structures &
Listening and Talking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.electricity 2.emergency 3.disasters 4.affected 5.volcanos/volcanoes;erupt;destroy
Ⅱ.1.with 考查固定搭配。supply sb. with sth.意为“给某人提供某物”。故填with。句意:这段文章的主要目的是给游客提供旅馆信息。
2.in/with 考查固定搭配。句意:Coxen太太有她妈妈帮忙照看孩子们。aid sb. in/with doing sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”,此处为被动语态“sb. be aided in/with doing sth.”,故填in或with。
3.calmly 考查副词。设空处修饰动词chatting,作状语,应用副词形式。故填calmly。句意:她开始平静地和他聊天,问他的名字、他最喜欢的书和他最喜欢的人物。
4.on 考查介词。survive on意为“靠……生存”。故填on。句意: 你怎么能靠这么差的饮食生存呢 如果你不健康,保持苗条是没有意义的。
5.in 考查固定搭配。in the open air意为“露天,在户外”。故填in。句意: 第二天,人们用他们能找到的任何东西露天搭建避难处。
6.on 考查介词。句意:每天上午8点到下午5点,我们的专家小组将随时/现场提供帮助。on hand意为“在场;在近旁;现有(尤指帮助)”。
7.powerful 考查形容词。空前是一个名词所有格形式,所以空后的名词短语computing machines为中心词,故设空处作定语,用形容词。故填powerful,表示“强大的”。句意:在某些方面,今天强大的计算机已经让我们的大脑看起来很弱了。
易错归因
本题学生易误把computing当成分词,从而误用副词powerfully。需要注意computing machines是一个名词短语,表示“计算机”,所以用形容词修饰。
8.were 考查虚拟语气。句意:当铅笔的一部分放在一杯水里时,它看起来好像被折断了。此处是as if引导的表语从句中的谓语。根据常识可知铅笔放入水里时并不是真的被折断了,所以设空处应用虚拟语气,表示与现在的事实相反的情况,故用一般过去时。在虚拟语气中be动词常用were。故填were。
Ⅲ.题型(一)
1.Look at the boy and his dog that I meet every day on my way to school.
2.She is an artist whose works I am quite familiar with.
3.The whole city that/which was struck by a terrible earthquake yesterday is in ruins.
4.We visited the lady who/that taught us Chinese when we were in primary school yesterday.
5.The man whom/who/that you spoke to this morning is our new manager./The man to whom you spoke this morning is our new manager.
题型(二)
1.whose 先行词是Mary,关系词在定语从句中作定语,故填whose。
2.who/that 先行词是a model student,指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填who或that。
3.that/which 先行词是a very large picture,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。
4.that/which 先行词是The horse,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。
5.who/that 先行词是The man,指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填who或that。
6.that 先行词被最高级修饰,指物,关系词在定语从句中作have ever seen的宾语,故填that。
易错归因
本题易错填which。需要注意的是当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时,宜用that,而不宜用which。
7.that/who/whom 先行词是the best young painter,指人,关系词在从句中作宾语,故填that、who或whom。
8.whom 先行词是the person,指人,关系词前面有介词of,故填whom。of与后面的is proud构成is proud of。
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了作者在尼泊尔拜访朋友时遭遇地震的经历。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“One April I planned to visit a friend in Nepal who had lived in the country for over 15 years.”可知,作者去尼泊尔拜访朋友。故选A。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“We were served a delicious pancake and endless cups of milk tea; villagers made small talk and caught up with each other.”可知,作者在村子里吃了美味的薄饼,喝了无数杯奶茶;村民们互相攀谈着。故可推知,那个村子里的人都很友善,待人热情。故选C。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As we sat in the kitchen taking a rest”“it felt like the Underground was running under the village”“the sound started to shake”“It’s an earthquake.”可知,当作者待在厨房时,地震袭击了这个村庄。故选B。
4.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“walls and buildings fell. In front of us the end wall of the house we slept in collapsed (倒塌), the stones falling to the ground”和“every house in the village was damaged, with walls either seriously cracked or partially or completely damaged”可知,村庄在地震中受损严重。故选C。
【高频词汇】 a couple of 几个
【熟词生义】 1.catch up with与……交谈 2.check in报平安,告知行踪
【差距词汇】 lodging n.租住的房间;暂住
长难句
原句 In the days and weeks that followed we called to check in and told friends where we were and what we were doing.
分析 介词短语In the days and weeks that followed作状语,其中that引导定语从句且在从句中作主语,修饰先行词the days and weeks;主句中的谓语部分由and连接,where和what引导宾语从句。
译文 在接下来的几天和几周里,我们打电话报平安,告诉朋友我们在哪里和我们在做什么。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了应对自然灾害的方法。
1.C 过渡句。分析文章结构可知,本文是“总—分”结构。上文提到这则指南除了帮助你为潜在的紧急情况做好准备外,还会帮助你快速、容易地把必需品递送到合适的人那里。下文有多个小标题,具体给出了一些方法。C项(以下是如何帮助那些受到自然灾害影响或可能受到自然灾害影响的人)承上启下,符合语境。故选C。
2.G 细节句。根据小标题可知本段与筹集资金有关,设空处下文谈到指定慈善机构接收资金,以便人们可以直接在该组织的网站上或通过应用程序捐款。G项(如果你正在应对当地的自然灾害,从在你的社区筹集资金开始)照应筹集资金的主题,同时引出下文,故选G。
3.D 细节句。设空处位于段首,下文介绍了了解受害地区需求的两个方法:查看组织的网站;给灾区的社区办公室打电话。D项(最好花一点额外的时间来弄清楚到底缺什么)引出下文,符合语境。故选D。
4.E 细节句。设空处与上下文构成的语意结构为:然而,总要先打电话或在网上查看→ 4 →实际上,你将给已经处于水深火热之中的受灾地区再添一个人。E项 (不要一个人去灾区做志愿者,期待着能找到帮忙的方法)与上下文意思一致,符合语境。故选E。
5.B 主旨句。设空处位于小标题处,根据下文内容“在自然灾害中,你能做的最有帮助的事情之一就是让自己提前做好准备”可知,本段主要讲提前为自然灾害做好准备。B项(提前为自然灾害做好准备)引领下文。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.impact n.影响;撞击 2.potential adj.潜在的,可能的 3.equal v.等于;比得上 4.account n.账户 5.specific adj.具体的,确切的 6.measure n.措施
【差距词汇】 1.strained adj.紧张的 2.preventive adj.预防性的 3.stock up on贮备,备足
长难句
原句 Not only will the preventive measures protect you, but they will also limit damage in case a disaster strikes.
分析 本句是由并列连词not only...but also...连接的并列复合句。not only置于句首,其所在分句需用部分倒装。in case引导条件状语从句,意为“如果,万一”。
译文 预防措施不仅能保护你,而且万一灾难发生,它们还能限制损失。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了小女孩Sabrina Andron用自己的海啸知识帮助大约100人逃离了危险。
1.B 根据空后的“thousands dead”可知,巨浪造成的结果是使数千人死亡。表示“让……处于某种状态”用“leave sb./sth.+adj.”结构。A.带来;B.使……处于;C.影响;D.导致。故选B。
2.A 根据空后的“without any loss of life”并结合下句的“A 10-year-old girl, Sabrina Andron,helped around 100 people escape danger”可推知,由于这个10岁女孩的帮助,金海岸海滩的游客在灾难中幸存了。A.幸存;B.识别;C.复苏;D.离开。故选A。
3.B 根据第二段最后一句中的“which Sabrina had just learnt about in a geography lesson”以及Sabrina Andron对水中出现的现象的分析可推知,Sabrina Andron用她学到的海啸知识帮助大约100人逃离了危险。A.印象;B.知识;C.智慧;D.细节。故选B。
4.A 根据空后的“the warm sea air”以及前后文描述的人们放松的场景可推知,人们在海滩上呼吸着温暖的海洋空气。A.吸入;B.组成;C.专注于;D.调查。故选A。
5.B 根据空后的“that brushed their hair”可推知,海滩上吹拂着头发的应该是轻柔的风。A.阳光;B.风;C.哨子声;D.波浪。故选B。
6.D 根据下文提到的“The water was like the bubbles (气泡) on the top of a beer”“It was just coming in and in and in.”等信息可推知,Sabrina在海滩上注意到一些怪事情。A.独特的;B.强有力的;C.吸引人的;D.奇怪的。故选D。
7.C 根据空后的“it wasn’t going in and then out. It was just coming in and in and in”可知,海水不是有进有出,而是不断地涌进来,这说明海水并不平静。A.狭窄的;B.冒险的;C.平静的,风平浪静的;D.遥远的。故选C。
8.B 根据空后的“an upcoming tsunami, which Sabrina had just learnt about in a geography lesson”可推知,这些现象Sabrina刚刚在地理课上学到,所以这里指她意识到这些奇怪的事情应该是海啸即将到来的征兆。A.损害;B.迹象,征兆;C.影响;D.结果。故选B。
9.C 根据空后的“but she soon kept her head(但她很快就冷静了下来)”可知,刚开始知道海啸即将到来时Sabrina感到害怕。A.困惑的;B.感到尴尬的;C.感到害怕的;D.生气的。故选C。
10.D 根据下文的“kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer”,并结合文中第一段以及最后一段中提到的“danger”可推知,Sabrina意识到灾难要来了,所以警告父母海啸来临的危险。A.压力;B.发展;C.信用;D.危险。故选D。
11.C 根据下一句“However, Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was....and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer.”可推知,起初Sabrina向父母发出警告时,他们以为Sabrina是在开玩笑,不相信灾难要来临。A.欺骗;B.辩论;C.开玩笑;D.帮助。故选C。
12.D 根据空后的“kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer”可推知,Sabrina不断要求她的父母与安全员交谈,说明她确信海啸即将来临。A.在控制中;B.现有(尤指帮助);C.看不见;D.即将来临。故选D。
13.D 根据“To her great relief”可知,安全员立刻意识到了即将来临的危险。A.事实上;B.焦虑地;C.好奇地;D.立刻。故选D。
14.C 根据第一段的“Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life.”可知,海啸最终没有给金海岸海滩带来人员伤亡,所以这里指在海啸来临前,海滩上的人被驱散了。clear sb. from sp.意为“把某人从某地驱散”。A.治愈;B.警告;C.驱散,清除;D.提醒。故选C。
15.A 根据空前后的“the huge waves...into the coast”可推知,因为是海啸,所以这里指巨浪撞击海岸。A.碰撞;B.滑动;C.分开;D.轻拍。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.escape v.逃走;逃脱;避开 2.upcoming adj.即将发生(或来临)的 3.relief n.宽慰
【差距词汇】 keep one’s head保持冷静
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
2025人教版高中英语必修第一册
Part 2 Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The (电) had been cut off.
2.Take more money with you in case of (紧急情况).
3.(2020新高考Ⅱ)Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski, has long been writing about (灾难).
4.(2022浙江1月)I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my life was (影响).
5.There are many active (火山)in the country, and they may e at any time and (摧毁) millions of buildings.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The main purpose of the passage is to supply visitors hotel information.
2.Mrs. Coxen was aided looking after the children by her mother.
3.(2024湖南常德月考)She began chatting (calm) with him, asking his name, his favorite books and his favorite characters.
4.How can you survive such a poor diet Keeping slim doesn’t make sense if you’re not healthy.
5.(2024广东深圳期中)The next day people put up shelters the open air with anything that they could find.
6.Our team of experts will be hand to offer help between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. daily.
7.(易错题)(2020北京)In some respects, today’s (power) computing machines already make our brains look weak.
8.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it (be) broken.
Ⅲ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
将下列句子合并为含定语从句的主从复合句
1.Look at the boy and his dog. I meet them every day on my way to school.
2.She is an artist. I am quite familiar with her works.
3.The whole city is in ruins. It was struck by a terrible earthquake yesterday.
4.We visited the lady yesterday. She taught us Chinese when we were in primary school.
5.The man is our new manager. You spoke to him this morning.
题型(二)
用适当的关系代词填空
A Girl Who Is Good at Drawing
Mary 1 drawings were shown at the exhibition(展览会) last month is a model student 2 is often praised for her good works at school. As soon as we got into the exhibition hall, our attention was attracted by a very large picture 3 was hung on the wall in front of us.
The horse 4 is in the drawing is exactly like a real one. The man 5 is riding on it looks like a living man.
It is the best drawing 6 I have ever seen, and I should say Mary is the best young painter 7 I have ever heard of. However, you will be quite mistaken if you think that Mary is a born painter. One of her teachers told me that it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing before she became the person of 8 her school is proud.
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024福建福州月考)
For the past few years, I’ve taken my vacation in the spring. One April I planned to visit a friend in Nepal who had lived in the country for over 15 years.
I flew to Kathmandu and spent a week visiting tourist sites, and on Friday, April 24, 2015, we went to Lukla, a mountain town in the northeast. My friend had worked there before. We visited a nearby village on Saturday. We were served a delicious pancake and endless cups of milk tea; villagers made small talk and caught up with each other. After a couple of hours, my friend and I made a polite exit (离去) for a coffee break across the dirt path in our lodging, a house he had lived in while working in Lukla years ago.
As we sat in the kitchen taking a rest, I wondered why it felt like the Underground was running under the village. As the sound started to shake, I looked out the window at the passers-by and thought it felt like a truck was driving by—impossible in this village. I looked at my friend and he said immediately, “It’s an earthquake.” Before I could ask questions, he began shouting, getting out of the house. By the time I was running down the dirt path, I couldn’t run straight.
Away from buildings, we lowered our bodies near a low wall, and unbelievably before our eyes, walls and buildings fell. In front of us the end wall of the house we slept in collapsed (倒塌), the stones falling to the ground. In a matter of seconds, every house in the village was damaged, with walls either seriously cracked or partially or completely damaged.
In the days and weeks that followed we called to check in and told friends where we were and what we were doing. The event was so wide-reaching that it was difficult to understand except through personal stories.
1.What did the author do in Nepal
A.He visited his friend. B.He tried to look for a job.
C.He built a house for villagers. D.He moved to a village to enjoy life.
2.Which of the following can best describe the villagers
A.Shy. B.Cautious. C.Friendly. D.Humorous.
3.What happened when the author stayed in the kitchen
A.He was injured by a collapsed wall.
B.An earthquake struck the village.
C.A truck drove by the village.
D.He missed the train.
4.What can we infer about the village in Paragraph 4
A.It was left empty. B.It was quite peaceful.
C.It was badly damaged. D.It was attractive to visitors.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023重庆外国语学校期中)
Looking to make the biggest impact after a disaster This guide will help you deliver the necessary resources to the right people quickly and easily, as well as helping you be prepared for a potential emergency. 1 .
Create a fundraiser
Put simply, more people equal more money, and creating your own fundraiser(筹集资金的活动) is a great way to encourage people who want to help. 2 . Designate(指定)a charity to receive the funds so people can donate(捐赠) directly on the organization’s site or through an app; thus, you won’t have to transfer money through your personal account.
Collect supplies
3 . Start by checking an organization’s website, which often has lists of what is needed and where to send it. Or call community offices in the disaster-affected area to see what specific needs they have.
Donate your skills or time
You can contact your local emergency services to see if they are seeking a helping hand. If you don’t have a particular skill, offer your time to help with the clean-up afterwards. However, always call or check online first. 4 . In reality, you will be adding one more person to the already strained situation.
5
One of the most helpful things you can do in a natural disaster is prepare yourself ahead of time. Not only will the preventive measures protect you, but they will also limit damage in case a disaster strikes. The first step is to find out which disasters are most likely to affect you. The second step is to stock up on necessary emergency items.
A.Learn to protect yourself
B.Be prepared for a natural disaster in advance
C.Here is how to help those affected or potentially affected by natural disasters
D.It’s best to take a little extra time to find out what is really short
E.Do not go as an individual volunteer to a disaster zone expecting to find ways to help
F.If you’re trying to find out how to help in natural disasters, you’re in the right place
G.If you’re dealing with a local natural disaster, start by raising money in your community
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2024安徽淮北一中月考)
On 20 December, in Newdale, a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore. Worse still, the waves 1 thousands dead. Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to 2 the disaster without any loss of life. A 10-year-old girl, Sabrina Andron, helped around 100 people escape danger with her 3 of tsunamis.
The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach. People were walking, running or simply sitting on the sandy beach, 4 the warm sea air and enjoying the soft 5 that brushed their hair. Sabrina was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something 6 . “The water was like the bubbles (气泡) on the top of a beer,” she later explained. “It wasn’t 7 and it wasn’t going in and then out. It was just coming in and in and in.” It struck her that these were the 8 of an upcoming tsunami, which Sabrina had just learnt about in a geography lesson.
Sabrina was 9 , but she soon kept her head. She warned her parents of the 10 , though at first they just thought she was 11 . However, Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was 12 and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer. To her great relief, the officer 13 realized the coming danger. The people were rapidly 14 from the beach, just before the huge waves 15 into the coast.
1.A.brought B.left
C.affected D.led
2.A.survive B.recognize
C.revive D.quit
3.A.impression B.knowledge
C.wisdom D.detail
4.A.taking in B.making up
C.focusing on D.checking out
5.A.sunshine B.wind
C.whistle D.wave
6.A.unique B.powerful
C.attractive D.strange
7.A.narrow B.adventurous
C.calm D.distant
8.A.damage B.signs
C.effect D.results
9.A.confused B.embarrassed
C.frightened D.annoyed
10.A.stress B.development
C.credit D.danger
11.A.cheating B.debating
C.joking D.helping
12.A.under control B.on hand
C.out of sight D.on its way
13.A.actually B.anxiously
C.curiously D.immediately
14.A.cured B.warned
C.cleared D.reminded
15.A.crashed B.slid
C.divided D.tapped
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
Part 2 Discovering Useful Structures &
Listening and Talking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.electricity 2.emergency 3.disasters 4.affected 5.volcanos/volcanoes;erupt;destroy
Ⅱ.1.with 考查固定搭配。supply sb. with sth.意为“给某人提供某物”。故填with。句意:这段文章的主要目的是给游客提供旅馆信息。
2.in/with 考查固定搭配。句意:Coxen太太有她妈妈帮忙照看孩子们。aid sb. in/with doing sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”,此处为被动语态“sb. be aided in/with doing sth.”,故填in或with。
3.calmly 考查副词。设空处修饰动词chatting,作状语,应用副词形式。故填calmly。句意:她开始平静地和他聊天,问他的名字、他最喜欢的书和他最喜欢的人物。
4.on 考查介词。survive on意为“靠……生存”。故填on。句意: 你怎么能靠这么差的饮食生存呢 如果你不健康,保持苗条是没有意义的。
5.in 考查固定搭配。in the open air意为“露天,在户外”。故填in。句意: 第二天,人们用他们能找到的任何东西露天搭建避难处。
6.on 考查介词。句意:每天上午8点到下午5点,我们的专家小组将随时/现场提供帮助。on hand意为“在场;在近旁;现有(尤指帮助)”。
7.powerful 考查形容词。空前是一个名词所有格形式,所以空后的名词短语computing machines为中心词,故设空处作定语,用形容词。故填powerful,表示“强大的”。句意:在某些方面,今天强大的计算机已经让我们的大脑看起来很弱了。
易错归因
本题学生易误把computing当成分词,从而误用副词powerfully。需要注意computing machines是一个名词短语,表示“计算机”,所以用形容词修饰。
8.were 考查虚拟语气。句意:当铅笔的一部分放在一杯水里时,它看起来好像被折断了。此处是as if引导的表语从句中的谓语。根据常识可知铅笔放入水里时并不是真的被折断了,所以设空处应用虚拟语气,表示与现在的事实相反的情况,故用一般过去时。在虚拟语气中be动词常用were。故填were。
Ⅲ.题型(一)
1.Look at the boy and his dog that I meet every day on my way to school.
2.She is an artist whose works I am quite familiar with.
3.The whole city that/which was struck by a terrible earthquake yesterday is in ruins.
4.We visited the lady who/that taught us Chinese when we were in primary school yesterday.
5.The man whom/who/that you spoke to this morning is our new manager./The man to whom you spoke this morning is our new manager.
题型(二)
1.whose 先行词是Mary,关系词在定语从句中作定语,故填whose。
2.who/that 先行词是a model student,指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填who或that。
3.that/which 先行词是a very large picture,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。
4.that/which 先行词是The horse,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。
5.who/that 先行词是The man,指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填who或that。
6.that 先行词被最高级修饰,指物,关系词在定语从句中作have ever seen的宾语,故填that。
易错归因
本题易错填which。需要注意的是当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时,宜用that,而不宜用which。
7.that/who/whom 先行词是the best young painter,指人,关系词在从句中作宾语,故填that、who或whom。
8.whom 先行词是the person,指人,关系词前面有介词of,故填whom。of与后面的is proud构成is proud of。
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了作者在尼泊尔拜访朋友时遭遇地震的经历。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“One April I planned to visit a friend in Nepal who had lived in the country for over 15 years.”可知,作者去尼泊尔拜访朋友。故选A。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“We were served a delicious pancake and endless cups of milk tea; villagers made small talk and caught up with each other.”可知,作者在村子里吃了美味的薄饼,喝了无数杯奶茶;村民们互相攀谈着。故可推知,那个村子里的人都很友善,待人热情。故选C。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As we sat in the kitchen taking a rest”“it felt like the Underground was running under the village”“the sound started to shake”“It’s an earthquake.”可知,当作者待在厨房时,地震袭击了这个村庄。故选B。
4.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“walls and buildings fell. In front of us the end wall of the house we slept in collapsed (倒塌), the stones falling to the ground”和“every house in the village was damaged, with walls either seriously cracked or partially or completely damaged”可知,村庄在地震中受损严重。故选C。
【高频词汇】 a couple of 几个
【熟词生义】 1.catch up with与……交谈 2.check in报平安,告知行踪
【差距词汇】 lodging n.租住的房间;暂住
长难句
原句 In the days and weeks that followed we called to check in and told friends where we were and what we were doing.
分析 介词短语In the days and weeks that followed作状语,其中that引导定语从句且在从句中作主语,修饰先行词the days and weeks;主句中的谓语部分由and连接,where和what引导宾语从句。
译文 在接下来的几天和几周里,我们打电话报平安,告诉朋友我们在哪里和我们在做什么。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了应对自然灾害的方法。
1.C 过渡句。分析文章结构可知,本文是“总—分”结构。上文提到这则指南除了帮助你为潜在的紧急情况做好准备外,还会帮助你快速、容易地把必需品递送到合适的人那里。下文有多个小标题,具体给出了一些方法。C项(以下是如何帮助那些受到自然灾害影响或可能受到自然灾害影响的人)承上启下,符合语境。故选C。
2.G 细节句。根据小标题可知本段与筹集资金有关,设空处下文谈到指定慈善机构接收资金,以便人们可以直接在该组织的网站上或通过应用程序捐款。G项(如果你正在应对当地的自然灾害,从在你的社区筹集资金开始)照应筹集资金的主题,同时引出下文,故选G。
3.D 细节句。设空处位于段首,下文介绍了了解受害地区需求的两个方法:查看组织的网站;给灾区的社区办公室打电话。D项(最好花一点额外的时间来弄清楚到底缺什么)引出下文,符合语境。故选D。
4.E 细节句。设空处与上下文构成的语意结构为:然而,总要先打电话或在网上查看→ 4 →实际上,你将给已经处于水深火热之中的受灾地区再添一个人。E项 (不要一个人去灾区做志愿者,期待着能找到帮忙的方法)与上下文意思一致,符合语境。故选E。
5.B 主旨句。设空处位于小标题处,根据下文内容“在自然灾害中,你能做的最有帮助的事情之一就是让自己提前做好准备”可知,本段主要讲提前为自然灾害做好准备。B项(提前为自然灾害做好准备)引领下文。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.impact n.影响;撞击 2.potential adj.潜在的,可能的 3.equal v.等于;比得上 4.account n.账户 5.specific adj.具体的,确切的 6.measure n.措施
【差距词汇】 1.strained adj.紧张的 2.preventive adj.预防性的 3.stock up on贮备,备足
长难句
原句 Not only will the preventive measures protect you, but they will also limit damage in case a disaster strikes.
分析 本句是由并列连词not only...but also...连接的并列复合句。not only置于句首,其所在分句需用部分倒装。in case引导条件状语从句,意为“如果,万一”。
译文 预防措施不仅能保护你,而且万一灾难发生,它们还能限制损失。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了小女孩Sabrina Andron用自己的海啸知识帮助大约100人逃离了危险。
1.B 根据空后的“thousands dead”可知,巨浪造成的结果是使数千人死亡。表示“让……处于某种状态”用“leave sb./sth.+adj.”结构。A.带来;B.使……处于;C.影响;D.导致。故选B。
2.A 根据空后的“without any loss of life”并结合下句的“A 10-year-old girl, Sabrina Andron,helped around 100 people escape danger”可推知,由于这个10岁女孩的帮助,金海岸海滩的游客在灾难中幸存了。A.幸存;B.识别;C.复苏;D.离开。故选A。
3.B 根据第二段最后一句中的“which Sabrina had just learnt about in a geography lesson”以及Sabrina Andron对水中出现的现象的分析可推知,Sabrina Andron用她学到的海啸知识帮助大约100人逃离了危险。A.印象;B.知识;C.智慧;D.细节。故选B。
4.A 根据空后的“the warm sea air”以及前后文描述的人们放松的场景可推知,人们在海滩上呼吸着温暖的海洋空气。A.吸入;B.组成;C.专注于;D.调查。故选A。
5.B 根据空后的“that brushed their hair”可推知,海滩上吹拂着头发的应该是轻柔的风。A.阳光;B.风;C.哨子声;D.波浪。故选B。
6.D 根据下文提到的“The water was like the bubbles (气泡) on the top of a beer”“It was just coming in and in and in.”等信息可推知,Sabrina在海滩上注意到一些怪事情。A.独特的;B.强有力的;C.吸引人的;D.奇怪的。故选D。
7.C 根据空后的“it wasn’t going in and then out. It was just coming in and in and in”可知,海水不是有进有出,而是不断地涌进来,这说明海水并不平静。A.狭窄的;B.冒险的;C.平静的,风平浪静的;D.遥远的。故选C。
8.B 根据空后的“an upcoming tsunami, which Sabrina had just learnt about in a geography lesson”可推知,这些现象Sabrina刚刚在地理课上学到,所以这里指她意识到这些奇怪的事情应该是海啸即将到来的征兆。A.损害;B.迹象,征兆;C.影响;D.结果。故选B。
9.C 根据空后的“but she soon kept her head(但她很快就冷静了下来)”可知,刚开始知道海啸即将到来时Sabrina感到害怕。A.困惑的;B.感到尴尬的;C.感到害怕的;D.生气的。故选C。
10.D 根据下文的“kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer”,并结合文中第一段以及最后一段中提到的“danger”可推知,Sabrina意识到灾难要来了,所以警告父母海啸来临的危险。A.压力;B.发展;C.信用;D.危险。故选D。
11.C 根据下一句“However, Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was....and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer.”可推知,起初Sabrina向父母发出警告时,他们以为Sabrina是在开玩笑,不相信灾难要来临。A.欺骗;B.辩论;C.开玩笑;D.帮助。故选C。
12.D 根据空后的“kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer”可推知,Sabrina不断要求她的父母与安全员交谈,说明她确信海啸即将来临。A.在控制中;B.现有(尤指帮助);C.看不见;D.即将来临。故选D。
13.D 根据“To her great relief”可知,安全员立刻意识到了即将来临的危险。A.事实上;B.焦虑地;C.好奇地;D.立刻。故选D。
14.C 根据第一段的“Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life.”可知,海啸最终没有给金海岸海滩带来人员伤亡,所以这里指在海啸来临前,海滩上的人被驱散了。clear sb. from sp.意为“把某人从某地驱散”。A.治愈;B.警告;C.驱散,清除;D.提醒。故选C。
15.A 根据空前后的“the huge waves...into the coast”可推知,因为是海啸,所以这里指巨浪撞击海岸。A.碰撞;B.滑动;C.分开;D.轻拍。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.escape v.逃走;逃脱;避开 2.upcoming adj.即将发生(或来临)的 3.relief n.宽慰
【差距词汇】 keep one’s head保持冷静
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