2025人教版高中英语必修第一册同步练习题--UNIT4 Part 3 Reading for Writing, Assessing Your Progress & Video Time（含答案与
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2025人教版高中英语必修第一册
Part 3 Reading for Writing, Assessing Your Progress & Video Time
基础过关练
Ⅰ.一词多义
A.v.划(火柴) B.v.(灾难、疾病等)侵袭
C.v.使突然想起 D.v.(钟)敲,报时
E.n.罢工 F.v.打,击打
1.The clock struck five and the exam was over.
2.The girl struck a match and the warm light filled the room immediately.
3.They have been on strike for several days to get higher pay.
4.A big earthquake struck the area last week, then causing a terrible tsunami.
5.(2024广东江门月考)At this point, it suddenly struck me that I was wasting my time.
6.As an old saying goes,“Strike while the iron is hot.”
A.v.深深打动 B.v.影响 C.v.(疾病)侵袭
7.Their opinions will not affect my decision.
8.The disease mainly affected children under 8.
9.They were deeply affected by the story of the poor man.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.To build up his strength, he gradually increases the (long) of the runs.
2.In my dream,my mother smiled,waving me.
3.(2020天津)Once the book you’ve requested is delivered the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up.
4.(2020新高考Ⅰ)However, the majority of people are (effect) speakers because they train to be.
5.(2024黑龙江鸡西期中) summary, my mom’s simple act has a deep effect me.
6.As long as we make every effort (solve) the problems, we will surely achieve our goal.
7. strikes me that I ought to cut out sugary drinks.
8.Professor Jeff is to give the students a talk on all he saw and heard in China.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.海还是安安静静的,好像已经睡着了一样,没有风,也没有浪。(as if虚拟语气)
The sea was still quiet , without winds or waves.(读后续写—环境描写)
2.雨开始下得很大,使得难以透过窗户看到她前院的树木。(现在分词作结果状语,make)
Rain started to come down hard, the trees in her front yard through the window.(读后续写—场景描写)
3.We were climbing the mountain, and at that time it began to rain.(句式升级,when连接并列分句)
→We the mountain to rain.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
A tsunami caused by the most 1 (power) earthquake in the past 40 years crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing over 6,500 people in several 2 (country). The undersea earthquake 3 reached a magnitude of 9.0 occurred around 7:00 am, Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island, 4 (cause) at least 1,870 deaths. In Sri Lanka, the number of deaths stood 5 2,498 while in India as many as 1,900 people were killed.
Thousands of people are still missing and the number of deaths 6 (expect) to grow even 7 (high). 8 foreign aid is being organized for the tsunami-hit countries, dangerous conditions and 9 (damage) roads will make it difficult 10 (deliver) food and supplies.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2023安徽滁州期中)
Droughts Cause Problems for China
This summer has brought the heat and serious droughts to places around the world. The droughts are leading to serious problems, 1 (include) food and energy shortages, transportation problems, and price increases. The effect of the droughts is likely to be felt for years.
China 2 (face) with similar problems now, too. It has been troubled by a terrible drought this summer, with the temperature as high as 45℃. The drought has dried up much of the Yangtze River, China’s 3 (long) river. That has cut the amount(数量) of power 4 is produced by the world’s largest dam by 40%.
China hasn’t been able to produce enough power, since hundreds of millions of people are using electricity to keep cool. In Sichuan Province, the government is closing 5 (factory) down because there’s not enough energy. The country is trying to make it rain by 6 (send) chemicals into clouds, which, however, is 7 uncertain and temporary(临时的) measure.
There are no easy ways for any of these droughts. 8 has taken years to create the climate problem, and getting it under control will take more time. For now, governments and people need to 9 (careful) manage water supplies and other things 10 (stop) the damage.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
(2024河南新高中创新联盟TOP二十名校月考)
Dry lightning(风暴闪电)can still be harmful even when conditions aren’t so dry, said a study published in Geophysical Research Letters last month. Dry lightning during little to no rainfall was previously thought to cause wildfire danger only with less than 2.5mm of rain in a day. A Washington State University-led study of wildfires in the US West found dry lightning caused wildfires despite up to 7.7mm of rain.
“The rainfall we recorded should help provide a better understanding of just how much rain can cause a fire risk,” said Dmitri Kalashnikov, lead author of the study.
The researchers analyzed(分析)cases of more than 4,600 naturally caused fires from 2015 to 2020. They matched 3,726 of those to the lightning strikes that likely started them with the help of the National Lightning Detection Network.
The study found that 15.3% of those were holdover(残余)fires which burn without smoke, bringing about over a hundred fires each year. Analyzing the rainfall around the time of the lightning strikes showed there was greater rainfall than previously thought among the earlier found fires.
While humans still cause many fires either by accident or on purpose, lightning-caused wildfires burn the most areas. Nearly 70% of the wildfire-burned land in the West was brought about by lightning-caused fires according to the study. For example, the largest wildfire burn area in Californian history formed in August 2020 after dry lightning caused many wildfires at once.
Dry lightning can also start wildfires in places that are hard for firefighters to reach. This study found the places where holdover fires happened repeatedly were in the forested mountains of the southwest as well as the middle and southern Rocky Mountains. Holdover fires cause the problem because they are so hard to notice.
1.The new study found dry lightning could still cause wildfires with a daily rainfall of .
A.7.7mm B.8.0mm C.9.4mm D.2.5mm
2.What is the third paragraph mainly about
A.The findings of the research. B.The number of the cases.
C.The process of the study. D.The designers of the study.
3.Why did holdover fires happen repeatedly in the forested mountains
A.They are difficult to notice. B.The fire service is short-handed.
C.Campers often smoke there. D.The locals fail to call firefighters.
4.From which is the text probably taken
A.A history textbook. B.A science magazine.
C.A course plan. D.A book review.
Ⅳ.七选五
(2024云南昭通期中)
Landslides occur when large quantities of substances (物质), including rocks, earth, and trees, slide down a slope (斜坡). They may occur as a result of fires, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, storms, or human activities. Landslides are particularly dangerous because they strike suddenly, move at extremely high speeds, and travel long distances. Although landslides are often difficult to predict, you can prepare for them. 1
Keep yourself alert and awake. Landslides can occur quite suddenly, so you need to be ready to take action at a moment’s notice. Many landslide-related deaths occur while people are asleep. 2
3 Your local community should have a designated (指定的) public shelter. Go to the shelter if your home is unsafe or the authorities have called for an evacuation.
Consult local officials about past landslides. Landslides tend to happen in the same area where they have occurred before. 4 If you are in an at-risk area, consider getting a site analysis of your property. This will help you determine necessary corrective measures.
Make an emergency kit. 5 Make your kit in advance so it is ready when needed. Your kit should contain enough food and water to last for at least 72 hours, as well as supplies like medications, flashlights, batteries, cellphones, copies of personal documents, and cash.
A.Notice unusual sounds.
B.Go to a public shelter.
C.Here are some tips which can help you.
D.Talk to local officials about landslides in your area.
E.In the event of a landslide or other emergencies, choose a place.
F.If you are with other people, work together to keep one another awake.
G.An emergency kit contains the essentials that your household will need during an emergency.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
Part 3 Reading for Writing, Assessing
Your Progress & Video Time
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.D 句意:时钟敲响了五点,考试结束了。
2.A 句意:女孩划了一根火柴,温暖的光立刻充满了房间。
3.E 句意:他们为加薪已经罢工好几天了。
4.B 句意:上周,一场大地震侵袭了该地区,随后引发了可怕的海啸。
5.C 句意:这时,我突然意识到我是在浪费时间。
6.F 句意:俗话说得好,趁热打铁。
7.B 句意:他们的意见不会影响我的决定。
8.C 句意:这种疾病主要侵袭8岁以下的孩子。
9.A 句意:他们被那个可怜男人的故事深深地打动了。
Ⅱ.1.length 考查名词。句意:为了增强他的体力,他逐渐增加了跑步的里程。根据设空处前的the和设空处后的of可知此处应用名词,long是形容词,其名词是length。
2.at/to 考查介词。wave at/to sb.意为“向某人招手/挥手”。
3.to 考查介词。句意:一旦你申请的书被运送到最近的分部,他们就会通过电子邮件告知你,这样你就可以去取了。deliver sth. to sp.意为“运送某物至某处”,此处是其被动形式sth. be delivered to...,故填to。
4.effective 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作定语,修饰复数名词speakers,故填形容词effective,意为“有影响力的”。句意:然而,大多数人是因为他们受过训练才成为卓有成效的演讲者的。
5. In;on 考查介词。句意:总之,我妈妈简单的行为对我影响很深。in summary意为“总之”,第一空置于句首,第一个字母要大写,故填In。have a(n)...effect on...意为“对……有……的影响”,故第二空填on。
6.to solve 考查不定式。make every effort to do sth.意为“尽一切努力做某事”,故填to solve。句意:只要我们尽一切努力解决问题,我们就一定会实现我们的目标。
7.It 考查代词。It strikes sb. that...意为“某人突然想到……”,It为形式主语,that引导的从句为真正的主语。设空处位于句首,首字母大写,故填It 。句意:我突然意识到不能再喝含糖饮料了。
8.that 考查定语从句。空格前面为不定代词all,空格后面的saw and heard后面缺少宾语,故推测设空处引导定语从句且在定语从句中作宾语,先行词为all,故关系词用that。句意: 杰夫教授将给学生们做一个关于他在中国的所见所闻的报告。
Ⅲ.1.as if it had fallen asleep 2.making it hard to see 3.were climbing;when it began
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.powerful 考查形容词。根据设空处前面的the most和后面的名词earthquake可知此处应用形容词,power是名词,其形容词是powerful,意为“强有力的”。故填powerful。
2.countries 考查名词复数。由空前的several(几个)可知此处应用名词复数形式。故填countries。
3.which/that 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,前面为名词earthquake,后面句子缺主语(设空处后面为谓语动词reached),且结合语境可知这里应表达“the undersea earthquake reached a magnitude of 9.0”,故设空处引导定语从句,修饰指物的名词,故填关系代词which或that。 句意:周日早上7点左右,在印度尼西亚的苏门答腊岛西海岸附近发生了9.0级的海底地震,造成至少1,870人死亡。
4.causing 考查现在分词。设空处所在句已有谓语occurred,所以设空处用非谓语动词形式;设空处指地震“造成”的结果,The undersea earthquake与cause之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作结果状语。
5.at 考查介词。 stand at sth.表示“达到特定水平(或数量、高度等)”。此处指死亡人数达到2,498。故填at。
6.is expected 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。 “the number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数;the number of deaths和expect(预计)之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;结合前面的“are still missing”可知此处应用一般现在时,故填is expected。句意:仍有数千人失踪,死亡人数预计还会增加。
7.higher 考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知这里应用形容词比较级。even修饰比较级,用以加强比较。故填higher。
8.Though/Although/While 考查连词。设空处所在句中间为逗号,逗号前后两部分都有主语,逗号前面表示“正在为遭受海啸袭击的国家组织外国援助”,后面表示“危险的环境和被破坏的道路将使运送食物和补给品变得困难”,故推测设空处应用though、although或while引导让步状语从句。注意首字母大写。
9.damaged 考查过去分词。dangerous conditions and 9 roads是主句主语,roads是名词,缺少修饰成分,roads与damage之间为被动关系,故填过去分词damaged作定语。
10.to deliver 考查不定式。make it difficult to do sth.为固定结构,意为“使做某事很困难”,it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词不定式短语。故填to deliver。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了干旱给中国带来的各种问题。
1.including 考查介词。设空处后面的“food and energy shortages, transportation problems, and price increases”是前面的problems的举例,故填including,意为“包括”。句意:干旱正在导致严重的问题,包括粮食和能源短缺、运输问题和物价上涨。
2.is faced 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:中国现在也面临着类似的问题。be faced with表示“面临,面对”,根据时间状语now可知,句子描述现在的情况,应用一般现在时,主语是China,be动词应用is。故填is faced。
3.longest 考查形容词最高级。结合常识可知,长江是中国最长的河流,所以设空处应用形容词的最高级形式作定语,修饰名词river。故填longest。句意:干旱使中国最长的河流——长江的很多部分干涸。
4.which/that 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,空后内容缺少主语,结合语境可知设空处引导定语从句,先行词power指物,故填which或that。句意:那使得世界上最大的水坝产出的电量减少了40%。
5.factories 考查名词复数。句意:在四川省,由于能源不足,政府正在关闭工厂。结合常识可知,政府关闭的不止一家工厂,所以设空处应用名词的复数形式。故填factories。
6.sending 考查动名词。设空处位于介词by之后,应用动名词形式作宾语,故填sending。句意:中国正努力通过将化学物质送入云层来降雨,但这是一个不可靠的临时措施。
7.an 考查冠词。此处表示人工降雨是一个不可靠的临时措施,设空处应用不定冠词表示泛指,uncertain以元音音素开头,前面应用不定冠词an。
8.It 考查代词。本句为“It takes/took some time to do sth.”句型,表示“做某事花费多少时间”,所以设空处应用it,置于句首,首字母大写。故填It。
9.carefully 考查副词。设空处修饰动词manage,应用副词作状语,故填carefully,表示“小心地,谨慎地”。
10.to stop 考查不定式。句意:目前,政府和人民需要谨慎管理供水和其他事情来止损。句中已有谓语,故设空处应用非谓语动词,结合语境可知这里表示目的,所以应用不定式作目的状语。故填to stop。
【高频词汇】 1.shortage n.缺乏,缺少 2.similar adj.相似的 3.dry up使干涸 4.chemical n.化学品 adj.化学的 5.under control被控制住
长难句
原句 The country is trying to make it rain by sending chemicals into clouds, which, however, is an uncertain and temporary measure.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。by sending chemicals into clouds为方式状语。which引导非限制性定语从句。
译文 中国正试图通过将化学物质送入云层来降雨,但这是一个不可靠的临时措施。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了风暴闪电的危害。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“A Washington State University-led study of wildfires in the US West found dry lightning caused wildfires despite up to 7.7 mm of rain.”可知,华盛顿州立大学的研究表明,降雨量达到7.7毫米的情况下风暴闪电仍会引发野火。故选A。
2.C 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知,研究人员分析了2015年至2020年间4,600多起自然引发的火灾的案例。他们将其中的3,726起与雷击相匹配。故推知,本段主要是介绍此次研究的过程。故选C。
易错归因
本题学生容易受文中信息“cases of more than 4,600 naturally caused fires from 2015 to 2020”和“3,726 of those”的影响,误认为本段主要是在讲研究案例的数目。要重点关注“analyzed”和“matched”,这两个词反映出了研究的过程。
3.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Holdover fires cause the problem because they are so hard to notice”可知,残余的火不易被人察觉,因此反复在树木丛生的山区发生。故选A。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“said a study published in Geophysical Research Letters”和“A Washington State University-led study of wildfires in the US West found”,第三段中的“The researchers analyzed”以及第四段中的“The study found”等可知,本文主要介绍了一项最新的研究发现,这是和科学相关的话题。由此推知,本文可能出自一本科学杂志。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.publish v.发表;出版 2.previously adv.先前地;以往地 3.despite prep.即使,尽管 4.bring about引起,导致 5.by accident 偶然地;意外地 6.on purpose故意地
长难句
原句 Analyzing the rainfall around the time of the lightning strikes showed there was greater rainfall than previously thought among the earlier found fires.
分析 该句主语是动名词短语“Analyzing the rainfall around the time of the lightning strikes”,谓语为showed,showed后面为省略that的宾语从句,than引导省略形式的比较状语从句,介词短语“among the earlier found fires”作状语,其中过去分词短语earlier found作前置定语。
译文 对雷击前后降雨量的分析显示,在早期发现的火灾中,降雨量比之前人们认为的更大。
Ⅳ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。作者就如何应对滑坡给出了一些具体可行的建议。
1.C 过渡句。设空处上句提到,虽然滑坡很难预测,但是你可以为滑坡做一些准备工作。下文给出了四条具体的建议。C项“这里有一些建议可以帮助你”承上启下,符合语境。故选C。
2.F 细节句。本段主旨句为“使你自己保持警觉和清醒”,空前讲到许多与滑坡有关的死亡发生在人们睡着的时候。F项“如果你和其他人在一起,一起努力让彼此保持清醒”提议要保持清醒,承接上文且与本段主旨句意思一致,符合语境。故选F。
3.B 主旨句。设空处为主旨句,本段主要讲了当滑坡发生的时候,可以到指定的公共避难所避难。分析选项可知,B项“去公共避难所”能够概括本段主要内容。故选B。
4.D 细节句。本段主旨句为“咨询当地官员过去发生的滑坡”,分析选项可知,D项“和当地官员谈谈你所在地区的滑坡”与本段主旨句意思一致,符合语境。故选D。
5.G 细节句。根据本段主旨句“Make an emergency kit.”可知,本段给出的建议是准备一个应急包。分析选项可知,G项“应急包包含你的一家人在紧急情况下需要的必需品”与本段主旨相关,符合语境。故选G。
【高频词汇】 1.occur v.发生 2.quantity n.数量
3.extremely adv.极其;非常 4.distance n.距离
5.predict v.预测;预料 6.take action采取行动
7.analysis n.分析 8.determine v.确定;查明
9.in advance提前
【差距词汇】 in the event of...如果……发生
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2025人教版高中英语必修第一册
Part 3 Reading for Writing, Assessing Your Progress & Video Time
基础过关练
Ⅰ.一词多义
A.v.划(火柴) B.v.(灾难、疾病等)侵袭
C.v.使突然想起 D.v.(钟)敲,报时
E.n.罢工 F.v.打,击打
1.The clock struck five and the exam was over.
2.The girl struck a match and the warm light filled the room immediately.
3.They have been on strike for several days to get higher pay.
4.A big earthquake struck the area last week, then causing a terrible tsunami.
5.(2024广东江门月考)At this point, it suddenly struck me that I was wasting my time.
6.As an old saying goes,“Strike while the iron is hot.”
A.v.深深打动 B.v.影响 C.v.(疾病)侵袭
7.Their opinions will not affect my decision.
8.The disease mainly affected children under 8.
9.They were deeply affected by the story of the poor man.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.To build up his strength, he gradually increases the (long) of the runs.
2.In my dream,my mother smiled,waving me.
3.(2020天津)Once the book you’ve requested is delivered the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up.
4.(2020新高考Ⅰ)However, the majority of people are (effect) speakers because they train to be.
5.(2024黑龙江鸡西期中) summary, my mom’s simple act has a deep effect me.
6.As long as we make every effort (solve) the problems, we will surely achieve our goal.
7. strikes me that I ought to cut out sugary drinks.
8.Professor Jeff is to give the students a talk on all he saw and heard in China.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.海还是安安静静的,好像已经睡着了一样,没有风,也没有浪。(as if虚拟语气)
The sea was still quiet , without winds or waves.(读后续写—环境描写)
2.雨开始下得很大,使得难以透过窗户看到她前院的树木。(现在分词作结果状语,make)
Rain started to come down hard, the trees in her front yard through the window.(读后续写—场景描写)
3.We were climbing the mountain, and at that time it began to rain.(句式升级,when连接并列分句)
→We the mountain to rain.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
A tsunami caused by the most 1 (power) earthquake in the past 40 years crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing over 6,500 people in several 2 (country). The undersea earthquake 3 reached a magnitude of 9.0 occurred around 7:00 am, Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island, 4 (cause) at least 1,870 deaths. In Sri Lanka, the number of deaths stood 5 2,498 while in India as many as 1,900 people were killed.
Thousands of people are still missing and the number of deaths 6 (expect) to grow even 7 (high). 8 foreign aid is being organized for the tsunami-hit countries, dangerous conditions and 9 (damage) roads will make it difficult 10 (deliver) food and supplies.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2023安徽滁州期中)
Droughts Cause Problems for China
This summer has brought the heat and serious droughts to places around the world. The droughts are leading to serious problems, 1 (include) food and energy shortages, transportation problems, and price increases. The effect of the droughts is likely to be felt for years.
China 2 (face) with similar problems now, too. It has been troubled by a terrible drought this summer, with the temperature as high as 45℃. The drought has dried up much of the Yangtze River, China’s 3 (long) river. That has cut the amount(数量) of power 4 is produced by the world’s largest dam by 40%.
China hasn’t been able to produce enough power, since hundreds of millions of people are using electricity to keep cool. In Sichuan Province, the government is closing 5 (factory) down because there’s not enough energy. The country is trying to make it rain by 6 (send) chemicals into clouds, which, however, is 7 uncertain and temporary(临时的) measure.
There are no easy ways for any of these droughts. 8 has taken years to create the climate problem, and getting it under control will take more time. For now, governments and people need to 9 (careful) manage water supplies and other things 10 (stop) the damage.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
(2024河南新高中创新联盟TOP二十名校月考)
Dry lightning(风暴闪电)can still be harmful even when conditions aren’t so dry, said a study published in Geophysical Research Letters last month. Dry lightning during little to no rainfall was previously thought to cause wildfire danger only with less than 2.5mm of rain in a day. A Washington State University-led study of wildfires in the US West found dry lightning caused wildfires despite up to 7.7mm of rain.
“The rainfall we recorded should help provide a better understanding of just how much rain can cause a fire risk,” said Dmitri Kalashnikov, lead author of the study.
The researchers analyzed(分析)cases of more than 4,600 naturally caused fires from 2015 to 2020. They matched 3,726 of those to the lightning strikes that likely started them with the help of the National Lightning Detection Network.
The study found that 15.3% of those were holdover(残余)fires which burn without smoke, bringing about over a hundred fires each year. Analyzing the rainfall around the time of the lightning strikes showed there was greater rainfall than previously thought among the earlier found fires.
While humans still cause many fires either by accident or on purpose, lightning-caused wildfires burn the most areas. Nearly 70% of the wildfire-burned land in the West was brought about by lightning-caused fires according to the study. For example, the largest wildfire burn area in Californian history formed in August 2020 after dry lightning caused many wildfires at once.
Dry lightning can also start wildfires in places that are hard for firefighters to reach. This study found the places where holdover fires happened repeatedly were in the forested mountains of the southwest as well as the middle and southern Rocky Mountains. Holdover fires cause the problem because they are so hard to notice.
1.The new study found dry lightning could still cause wildfires with a daily rainfall of .
A.7.7mm B.8.0mm C.9.4mm D.2.5mm
2.What is the third paragraph mainly about
A.The findings of the research. B.The number of the cases.
C.The process of the study. D.The designers of the study.
3.Why did holdover fires happen repeatedly in the forested mountains
A.They are difficult to notice. B.The fire service is short-handed.
C.Campers often smoke there. D.The locals fail to call firefighters.
4.From which is the text probably taken
A.A history textbook. B.A science magazine.
C.A course plan. D.A book review.
Ⅳ.七选五
(2024云南昭通期中)
Landslides occur when large quantities of substances (物质), including rocks, earth, and trees, slide down a slope (斜坡). They may occur as a result of fires, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, storms, or human activities. Landslides are particularly dangerous because they strike suddenly, move at extremely high speeds, and travel long distances. Although landslides are often difficult to predict, you can prepare for them. 1
Keep yourself alert and awake. Landslides can occur quite suddenly, so you need to be ready to take action at a moment’s notice. Many landslide-related deaths occur while people are asleep. 2
3 Your local community should have a designated (指定的) public shelter. Go to the shelter if your home is unsafe or the authorities have called for an evacuation.
Consult local officials about past landslides. Landslides tend to happen in the same area where they have occurred before. 4 If you are in an at-risk area, consider getting a site analysis of your property. This will help you determine necessary corrective measures.
Make an emergency kit. 5 Make your kit in advance so it is ready when needed. Your kit should contain enough food and water to last for at least 72 hours, as well as supplies like medications, flashlights, batteries, cellphones, copies of personal documents, and cash.
A.Notice unusual sounds.
B.Go to a public shelter.
C.Here are some tips which can help you.
D.Talk to local officials about landslides in your area.
E.In the event of a landslide or other emergencies, choose a place.
F.If you are with other people, work together to keep one another awake.
G.An emergency kit contains the essentials that your household will need during an emergency.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
Part 3 Reading for Writing, Assessing
Your Progress & Video Time
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.D 句意:时钟敲响了五点,考试结束了。
2.A 句意:女孩划了一根火柴,温暖的光立刻充满了房间。
3.E 句意:他们为加薪已经罢工好几天了。
4.B 句意:上周,一场大地震侵袭了该地区,随后引发了可怕的海啸。
5.C 句意:这时,我突然意识到我是在浪费时间。
6.F 句意:俗话说得好,趁热打铁。
7.B 句意:他们的意见不会影响我的决定。
8.C 句意:这种疾病主要侵袭8岁以下的孩子。
9.A 句意:他们被那个可怜男人的故事深深地打动了。
Ⅱ.1.length 考查名词。句意:为了增强他的体力,他逐渐增加了跑步的里程。根据设空处前的the和设空处后的of可知此处应用名词,long是形容词,其名词是length。
2.at/to 考查介词。wave at/to sb.意为“向某人招手/挥手”。
3.to 考查介词。句意:一旦你申请的书被运送到最近的分部,他们就会通过电子邮件告知你,这样你就可以去取了。deliver sth. to sp.意为“运送某物至某处”,此处是其被动形式sth. be delivered to...,故填to。
4.effective 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作定语,修饰复数名词speakers,故填形容词effective,意为“有影响力的”。句意:然而,大多数人是因为他们受过训练才成为卓有成效的演讲者的。
5. In;on 考查介词。句意:总之,我妈妈简单的行为对我影响很深。in summary意为“总之”,第一空置于句首,第一个字母要大写,故填In。have a(n)...effect on...意为“对……有……的影响”,故第二空填on。
6.to solve 考查不定式。make every effort to do sth.意为“尽一切努力做某事”,故填to solve。句意:只要我们尽一切努力解决问题,我们就一定会实现我们的目标。
7.It 考查代词。It strikes sb. that...意为“某人突然想到……”,It为形式主语,that引导的从句为真正的主语。设空处位于句首,首字母大写,故填It 。句意:我突然意识到不能再喝含糖饮料了。
8.that 考查定语从句。空格前面为不定代词all,空格后面的saw and heard后面缺少宾语,故推测设空处引导定语从句且在定语从句中作宾语,先行词为all,故关系词用that。句意: 杰夫教授将给学生们做一个关于他在中国的所见所闻的报告。
Ⅲ.1.as if it had fallen asleep 2.making it hard to see 3.were climbing;when it began
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.powerful 考查形容词。根据设空处前面的the most和后面的名词earthquake可知此处应用形容词,power是名词,其形容词是powerful,意为“强有力的”。故填powerful。
2.countries 考查名词复数。由空前的several(几个)可知此处应用名词复数形式。故填countries。
3.which/that 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,前面为名词earthquake,后面句子缺主语(设空处后面为谓语动词reached),且结合语境可知这里应表达“the undersea earthquake reached a magnitude of 9.0”,故设空处引导定语从句,修饰指物的名词,故填关系代词which或that。 句意:周日早上7点左右,在印度尼西亚的苏门答腊岛西海岸附近发生了9.0级的海底地震,造成至少1,870人死亡。
4.causing 考查现在分词。设空处所在句已有谓语occurred,所以设空处用非谓语动词形式;设空处指地震“造成”的结果,The undersea earthquake与cause之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作结果状语。
5.at 考查介词。 stand at sth.表示“达到特定水平(或数量、高度等)”。此处指死亡人数达到2,498。故填at。
6.is expected 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。 “the number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数;the number of deaths和expect(预计)之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;结合前面的“are still missing”可知此处应用一般现在时,故填is expected。句意:仍有数千人失踪,死亡人数预计还会增加。
7.higher 考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知这里应用形容词比较级。even修饰比较级,用以加强比较。故填higher。
8.Though/Although/While 考查连词。设空处所在句中间为逗号,逗号前后两部分都有主语,逗号前面表示“正在为遭受海啸袭击的国家组织外国援助”,后面表示“危险的环境和被破坏的道路将使运送食物和补给品变得困难”,故推测设空处应用though、although或while引导让步状语从句。注意首字母大写。
9.damaged 考查过去分词。dangerous conditions and 9 roads是主句主语,roads是名词,缺少修饰成分,roads与damage之间为被动关系,故填过去分词damaged作定语。
10.to deliver 考查不定式。make it difficult to do sth.为固定结构,意为“使做某事很困难”,it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词不定式短语。故填to deliver。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了干旱给中国带来的各种问题。
1.including 考查介词。设空处后面的“food and energy shortages, transportation problems, and price increases”是前面的problems的举例,故填including,意为“包括”。句意:干旱正在导致严重的问题,包括粮食和能源短缺、运输问题和物价上涨。
2.is faced 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:中国现在也面临着类似的问题。be faced with表示“面临,面对”,根据时间状语now可知,句子描述现在的情况,应用一般现在时,主语是China,be动词应用is。故填is faced。
3.longest 考查形容词最高级。结合常识可知,长江是中国最长的河流,所以设空处应用形容词的最高级形式作定语,修饰名词river。故填longest。句意:干旱使中国最长的河流——长江的很多部分干涸。
4.which/that 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,空后内容缺少主语,结合语境可知设空处引导定语从句,先行词power指物,故填which或that。句意:那使得世界上最大的水坝产出的电量减少了40%。
5.factories 考查名词复数。句意:在四川省,由于能源不足,政府正在关闭工厂。结合常识可知,政府关闭的不止一家工厂,所以设空处应用名词的复数形式。故填factories。
6.sending 考查动名词。设空处位于介词by之后,应用动名词形式作宾语,故填sending。句意:中国正努力通过将化学物质送入云层来降雨,但这是一个不可靠的临时措施。
7.an 考查冠词。此处表示人工降雨是一个不可靠的临时措施,设空处应用不定冠词表示泛指,uncertain以元音音素开头,前面应用不定冠词an。
8.It 考查代词。本句为“It takes/took some time to do sth.”句型,表示“做某事花费多少时间”,所以设空处应用it,置于句首,首字母大写。故填It。
9.carefully 考查副词。设空处修饰动词manage,应用副词作状语,故填carefully,表示“小心地,谨慎地”。
10.to stop 考查不定式。句意:目前,政府和人民需要谨慎管理供水和其他事情来止损。句中已有谓语,故设空处应用非谓语动词,结合语境可知这里表示目的,所以应用不定式作目的状语。故填to stop。
【高频词汇】 1.shortage n.缺乏,缺少 2.similar adj.相似的 3.dry up使干涸 4.chemical n.化学品 adj.化学的 5.under control被控制住
长难句
原句 The country is trying to make it rain by sending chemicals into clouds, which, however, is an uncertain and temporary measure.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。by sending chemicals into clouds为方式状语。which引导非限制性定语从句。
译文 中国正试图通过将化学物质送入云层来降雨,但这是一个不可靠的临时措施。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了风暴闪电的危害。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“A Washington State University-led study of wildfires in the US West found dry lightning caused wildfires despite up to 7.7 mm of rain.”可知,华盛顿州立大学的研究表明,降雨量达到7.7毫米的情况下风暴闪电仍会引发野火。故选A。
2.C 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知,研究人员分析了2015年至2020年间4,600多起自然引发的火灾的案例。他们将其中的3,726起与雷击相匹配。故推知,本段主要是介绍此次研究的过程。故选C。
易错归因
本题学生容易受文中信息“cases of more than 4,600 naturally caused fires from 2015 to 2020”和“3,726 of those”的影响,误认为本段主要是在讲研究案例的数目。要重点关注“analyzed”和“matched”,这两个词反映出了研究的过程。
3.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Holdover fires cause the problem because they are so hard to notice”可知,残余的火不易被人察觉,因此反复在树木丛生的山区发生。故选A。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“said a study published in Geophysical Research Letters”和“A Washington State University-led study of wildfires in the US West found”,第三段中的“The researchers analyzed”以及第四段中的“The study found”等可知,本文主要介绍了一项最新的研究发现,这是和科学相关的话题。由此推知,本文可能出自一本科学杂志。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.publish v.发表;出版 2.previously adv.先前地;以往地 3.despite prep.即使,尽管 4.bring about引起,导致 5.by accident 偶然地;意外地 6.on purpose故意地
长难句
原句 Analyzing the rainfall around the time of the lightning strikes showed there was greater rainfall than previously thought among the earlier found fires.
分析 该句主语是动名词短语“Analyzing the rainfall around the time of the lightning strikes”,谓语为showed,showed后面为省略that的宾语从句,than引导省略形式的比较状语从句,介词短语“among the earlier found fires”作状语,其中过去分词短语earlier found作前置定语。
译文 对雷击前后降雨量的分析显示,在早期发现的火灾中,降雨量比之前人们认为的更大。
Ⅳ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。作者就如何应对滑坡给出了一些具体可行的建议。
1.C 过渡句。设空处上句提到,虽然滑坡很难预测,但是你可以为滑坡做一些准备工作。下文给出了四条具体的建议。C项“这里有一些建议可以帮助你”承上启下,符合语境。故选C。
2.F 细节句。本段主旨句为“使你自己保持警觉和清醒”,空前讲到许多与滑坡有关的死亡发生在人们睡着的时候。F项“如果你和其他人在一起,一起努力让彼此保持清醒”提议要保持清醒,承接上文且与本段主旨句意思一致,符合语境。故选F。
3.B 主旨句。设空处为主旨句,本段主要讲了当滑坡发生的时候,可以到指定的公共避难所避难。分析选项可知,B项“去公共避难所”能够概括本段主要内容。故选B。
4.D 细节句。本段主旨句为“咨询当地官员过去发生的滑坡”,分析选项可知,D项“和当地官员谈谈你所在地区的滑坡”与本段主旨句意思一致,符合语境。故选D。
5.G 细节句。根据本段主旨句“Make an emergency kit.”可知,本段给出的建议是准备一个应急包。分析选项可知,G项“应急包包含你的一家人在紧急情况下需要的必需品”与本段主旨相关,符合语境。故选G。
【高频词汇】 1.occur v.发生 2.quantity n.数量
3.extremely adv.极其;非常 4.distance n.距离
5.predict v.预测;预料 6.take action采取行动
7.analysis n.分析 8.determine v.确定;查明
9.in advance提前
【差距词汇】 in the event of...如果……发生
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