2025人教版高中英语必修第一册同步练习题--UNIT4 Part 4 Writing（含答案与解析）
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-06-20 09:11:57 | ||
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2025人教版高中英语必修第一册
Part 4 Writing
新闻概要
写作题目
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A 7.1-magnitude quake toppled(使倒塌) houses and cut off power and first-aid material supply in Yushu, Qinghai Province on Wednesday.
Rescuers have put up more than 40 tents for survivors in Gyegu Town, near the epicenter(震中)in Yushu. But the effort seems far less than enough for the area populated by some 100,000 people. Many people sought temporary shelters in buildings that remained unaffected by the tremor(轻微地震). In the yard of Yushu’s Sports Committee, nearly 1,000 people were sitting or lying on the ground in total darkness. Some wrapped themselves up in quilts(被子) taken out of the debris. Some brought their own tents and others turned on the lights of motorcycles.
The National Meteorological Center of CMA forecast on Wednesday that temperatures might hit minus 3 degrees Celsius at night and 15 degrees Celsius in the daytime in the coming days. The town will see strong winds and sunny weather in the coming days, providing favorable conditions for rescue operations.
The town is located in a remote area in Qinghai and the quake and ensuing(随后的)landslides have damaged roads, causing great difficulties for rescuers and, especially, machines to enter the region. In addition, rescuers may easily get exhausted(筋疲力尽的) working at a place with an altitude(海拔) of above 4,000 meters.
Thousands of rescuers and medical staff are rushing to Yushu from many regions of China, bringing machines, disaster-relief materials and medicines to the quake-hit town. The government, organizations, enterprises and individuals are offering donations of money and materials to the region.
文本分析
1.语篇解读
主题语境:自然灾害与救助
语篇类型:新闻报道
文章大意:青海玉树地震发生后的灾民状况、天气条件以及救灾情况。
2.段落主题
本篇文章为“总—分”结构,第一段概括陈述发生的事件,下面四段分别从几个方面详细阐述该事件。各段的主旨大意如下:
第一段:A 7.1-magnitude quake occurred in Yushu, Qinghai Province on Wednesday.
第二段:The survivors relied on the tents. But because there were not enough tents, many people sought temporary shelters or even sat or lay on the ground in darkness.
第三段:The weather will provide favorable conditions for rescue operations.
第四段:The damaged roads cause great difficulties for rescuers and machines to enter the region. The high altitude makes rescuers easily get exhausted.
第五段:A lot of rescuers, medical staff and disaster-relief materials are being sent to Yushu.
筛选、整合信息,转换表达
1.第一段的主旨大意可以概括为要点1。其中的occurred in可以转换表达为 ,表示“袭击”。
2.第二段的主旨大意可以概括为要点2。结合第二段的主旨大意来看,the survivors有三种状态,即 、 和sat or lay on the ground in darkness,其中sat or lay on the ground in darkness即待在外面,用英文表述为 。because there were not enough tents是一个because引导的原因状语从句,可以转换表达为because of短语,not enough可以转换表达为 ,表示“有限的”。
3.第三段和第四段的主旨大意可以概括为要点3。第三段描述的是救援的有利因素,第四段描述的是救援的不利因素,重点是突出不利因素,所以有利因素可以用“despite+宾语”来表示,不利因素有两个方面,即 和 ,这两个方面的不利因素对救援造成了很大的困难。
4.第五段的主旨大意可以概括为要点4。要点4是在陈述外界的帮助,所以可以用 与要点3衔接。
答案 1.hit 2.relied on the tents;sought temporary shelters;stayed outdoors;limited 3.the damaged roads;the high altitude 4.Luckily
连句成篇
参考范文
A 7.1-magnitude quake hit Yushu, Qinghai Province on Wednesday.(要点1)The survivors relied on the tents, but because of the limited tents, many people sought temporary shelters or stayed outdoors.(要点2) Despite the favorable weather conditions, the damaged roads and the high altitude cause great difficulties for the rescue work.(要点3) Luckily, a lot of rescuers, medical staff and disaster-relief materials are being sent to Yushu.(要点4)
写作积累
新闻概要的要点一般包括时间、地点、事件、起因、结果和可能的后续活动等。概要的内容只需包括文本中的重要信息或事例,原报道中的大量数字、被采访者的话语等均可省略,力求语言简明扼要,要点齐全。
概要写作可以分为三个步骤:要点获取、要点转述和要点衔接。
1.要点获取
通过筛选主题句和寻找关键词找出要点。
(1)筛选主题句
主题句是指能够概括整个段落的关键句。通常情况下段落是由主题句和细节句组成的,段落可以是“总—分”或“分—总”的结构。因此一个段落的主题句通常位于段首或段尾。
另外,我们也可以特别关注像so、therefore、thus这样的标志词,这些词后往往是作者对前文的一个总结,很可能就是主题句。
(2)寻找关键词
在实际写作中,我们会发现某些段落并不能直接找出主题句,那么,可以通过找出段落关键词,进而连词成句,得出段落要点。
2.要点转述
可以从下面四个方向进行转述:
(1)同义替换
同义替换指的是用相同意义的单词、短语或者句子代替从原文中找出的要点。
例 在“Scientists from NASA built the Mars Climate Orbiter to travel around Mars and get information.”中用sent、made、created等代替built,用explore Mars代替travel around Mars and get information。如此,我们得到要点Scientists from NASA sent the Mars Climate Orbiter to explore Mars.
(2)语态转换
语态转换就是把句子在主动语态和被动语态之间进行转换。
例 本单元课文THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP中的第一段“Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei...were asleep as usual that night.”
原要点:Strange things were happening, but people thought little of them.
语态转换后的要点:Strange things were happening, but they were ignored.
(3)词性改变
在进行要点转述的过程中,由于词汇量或其他原因,可能会遇到某些词很难找到同义词的情况。这时,可以尝试用不同的词性表达相同的意思,如把动词改成名词短语或者把形容词改成名词短语等。
例 Most students experience a lot of stress while preparing for exams, as both their parents and teachers expect them to get high scores.
前半句可以同义转换成Many students are stressed during the exam period,后半句可以将expect改成expectation,这样就得到了转换后的要点:Because of the high expectations from their parents and teachers, many students are stressed during the exam period.
(4)句子重构
只有掌握了多种句式,如定语从句、宾语从句、非谓语动词作状语等,并对不同的句式进行灵活转换,才能写出层次清晰、语言简练的内容概要。概要写作在语言表达上也要求“以简为贵”。
例 原要点:The city hosted the event. It has witnessed many important ceremonies in history.
改写后的要点:The city which has witnessed many important ceremonies in history hosted the event.
3.要点衔接
注意要点之间的衔接,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子,要用适当的关联词语贯穿全文,优先考虑使用较短的衔接词(如but、then、later、finally、besides、thus、therefore、yet、however等)。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
2025人教版高中英语必修第一册
Part 4 Writing
新闻概要
写作题目
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A 7.1-magnitude quake toppled(使倒塌) houses and cut off power and first-aid material supply in Yushu, Qinghai Province on Wednesday.
Rescuers have put up more than 40 tents for survivors in Gyegu Town, near the epicenter(震中)in Yushu. But the effort seems far less than enough for the area populated by some 100,000 people. Many people sought temporary shelters in buildings that remained unaffected by the tremor(轻微地震). In the yard of Yushu’s Sports Committee, nearly 1,000 people were sitting or lying on the ground in total darkness. Some wrapped themselves up in quilts(被子) taken out of the debris. Some brought their own tents and others turned on the lights of motorcycles.
The National Meteorological Center of CMA forecast on Wednesday that temperatures might hit minus 3 degrees Celsius at night and 15 degrees Celsius in the daytime in the coming days. The town will see strong winds and sunny weather in the coming days, providing favorable conditions for rescue operations.
The town is located in a remote area in Qinghai and the quake and ensuing(随后的)landslides have damaged roads, causing great difficulties for rescuers and, especially, machines to enter the region. In addition, rescuers may easily get exhausted(筋疲力尽的) working at a place with an altitude(海拔) of above 4,000 meters.
Thousands of rescuers and medical staff are rushing to Yushu from many regions of China, bringing machines, disaster-relief materials and medicines to the quake-hit town. The government, organizations, enterprises and individuals are offering donations of money and materials to the region.
文本分析
1.语篇解读
主题语境:自然灾害与救助
语篇类型:新闻报道
文章大意:青海玉树地震发生后的灾民状况、天气条件以及救灾情况。
2.段落主题
本篇文章为“总—分”结构,第一段概括陈述发生的事件,下面四段分别从几个方面详细阐述该事件。各段的主旨大意如下:
第一段:A 7.1-magnitude quake occurred in Yushu, Qinghai Province on Wednesday.
第二段:The survivors relied on the tents. But because there were not enough tents, many people sought temporary shelters or even sat or lay on the ground in darkness.
第三段:The weather will provide favorable conditions for rescue operations.
第四段:The damaged roads cause great difficulties for rescuers and machines to enter the region. The high altitude makes rescuers easily get exhausted.
第五段:A lot of rescuers, medical staff and disaster-relief materials are being sent to Yushu.
筛选、整合信息,转换表达
1.第一段的主旨大意可以概括为要点1。其中的occurred in可以转换表达为 ,表示“袭击”。
2.第二段的主旨大意可以概括为要点2。结合第二段的主旨大意来看,the survivors有三种状态,即 、 和sat or lay on the ground in darkness,其中sat or lay on the ground in darkness即待在外面,用英文表述为 。because there were not enough tents是一个because引导的原因状语从句,可以转换表达为because of短语,not enough可以转换表达为 ,表示“有限的”。
3.第三段和第四段的主旨大意可以概括为要点3。第三段描述的是救援的有利因素,第四段描述的是救援的不利因素,重点是突出不利因素,所以有利因素可以用“despite+宾语”来表示,不利因素有两个方面,即 和 ,这两个方面的不利因素对救援造成了很大的困难。
4.第五段的主旨大意可以概括为要点4。要点4是在陈述外界的帮助,所以可以用 与要点3衔接。
答案 1.hit 2.relied on the tents;sought temporary shelters;stayed outdoors;limited 3.the damaged roads;the high altitude 4.Luckily
连句成篇
参考范文
A 7.1-magnitude quake hit Yushu, Qinghai Province on Wednesday.(要点1)The survivors relied on the tents, but because of the limited tents, many people sought temporary shelters or stayed outdoors.(要点2) Despite the favorable weather conditions, the damaged roads and the high altitude cause great difficulties for the rescue work.(要点3) Luckily, a lot of rescuers, medical staff and disaster-relief materials are being sent to Yushu.(要点4)
写作积累
新闻概要的要点一般包括时间、地点、事件、起因、结果和可能的后续活动等。概要的内容只需包括文本中的重要信息或事例,原报道中的大量数字、被采访者的话语等均可省略,力求语言简明扼要,要点齐全。
概要写作可以分为三个步骤:要点获取、要点转述和要点衔接。
1.要点获取
通过筛选主题句和寻找关键词找出要点。
(1)筛选主题句
主题句是指能够概括整个段落的关键句。通常情况下段落是由主题句和细节句组成的,段落可以是“总—分”或“分—总”的结构。因此一个段落的主题句通常位于段首或段尾。
另外,我们也可以特别关注像so、therefore、thus这样的标志词,这些词后往往是作者对前文的一个总结,很可能就是主题句。
(2)寻找关键词
在实际写作中,我们会发现某些段落并不能直接找出主题句,那么,可以通过找出段落关键词,进而连词成句,得出段落要点。
2.要点转述
可以从下面四个方向进行转述:
(1)同义替换
同义替换指的是用相同意义的单词、短语或者句子代替从原文中找出的要点。
例 在“Scientists from NASA built the Mars Climate Orbiter to travel around Mars and get information.”中用sent、made、created等代替built,用explore Mars代替travel around Mars and get information。如此,我们得到要点Scientists from NASA sent the Mars Climate Orbiter to explore Mars.
(2)语态转换
语态转换就是把句子在主动语态和被动语态之间进行转换。
例 本单元课文THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP中的第一段“Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei...were asleep as usual that night.”
原要点:Strange things were happening, but people thought little of them.
语态转换后的要点:Strange things were happening, but they were ignored.
(3)词性改变
在进行要点转述的过程中,由于词汇量或其他原因,可能会遇到某些词很难找到同义词的情况。这时,可以尝试用不同的词性表达相同的意思,如把动词改成名词短语或者把形容词改成名词短语等。
例 Most students experience a lot of stress while preparing for exams, as both their parents and teachers expect them to get high scores.
前半句可以同义转换成Many students are stressed during the exam period,后半句可以将expect改成expectation,这样就得到了转换后的要点:Because of the high expectations from their parents and teachers, many students are stressed during the exam period.
(4)句子重构
只有掌握了多种句式,如定语从句、宾语从句、非谓语动词作状语等,并对不同的句式进行灵活转换,才能写出层次清晰、语言简练的内容概要。概要写作在语言表达上也要求“以简为贵”。
例 原要点:The city hosted the event. It has witnessed many important ceremonies in history.
改写后的要点:The city which has witnessed many important ceremonies in history hosted the event.
3.要点衔接
注意要点之间的衔接,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子,要用适当的关联词语贯穿全文,优先考虑使用较短的衔接词(如but、then、later、finally、besides、thus、therefore、yet、however等)。
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)