2024年中考英语语法专题复习专题四(介词)(无答案)

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名称 2024年中考英语语法专题复习专题四(介词)(无答案)
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更新时间 2024-06-19 14:36:30

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专题四·介词(Preposition)
I 定义
表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系,介词在英语中非常灵活,作为虚词,在句中不承担具体的句子成分,一般置于名词前,常和名词或名词性词语构成介词短语。
II 种类
a. 方位介词(静态介词和动态介词)
b. 时间介词
c. 方式介词
d. 其他介词
III 功能
介词短语在句中可以充当不同成分。
a. 介词短语作状语 例:I have lived in London since 1990.
b. 介词短语作定语 例:A life without books is like a life without sunlight.
c. 介词短语作表语 例:We are of the same age.
d. 介词短语作补语 例:Make yourself at home.
IV 用法
a. 方位介词用法
⑴(静态)方位介词
① in 在…里面
例:在盒子里有一些蛇。___________________________
at 在…
例:我住在中国。_________________________________
on 在…上面
例:椅子上有一只猫。_____________________________
★★考点:in 和 at
·in + 国家/城市(大地点)在伦敦 _____________
·at + 具体场所(小地点)在肉店______________
★★考点:in 和 on
·in the tree 在树上(外来)树上有一只鸟。_______________________
on the tree 在树上(本身)树上有一些苹果。_____________________
·in the wall 在墙上(本身)墙上有一个洞。_______________________
on the wall 在墙上(悬挂)墙上挂着一件大衣。___________________
② on 在…上面(有接触)
例: 桌子上有一把尺子。___________________________
over 在…正上方
例: 在河上有一座桥。______________________________
above 在…斜上方
例:看!房子上有很多鸟。__________________________
③ beneath 在…下面(有接触)
under 在…正下方
例:椅子下面有两只老鼠。__________________________
below 在…斜下方
例:请不要在这条线下书写。________________________
④ between 在..之间(两者) between…and… 在…和…之间 例:
例:这个男孩正站在他的爸爸和妈妈之间。___________________________
among 在…之间(三者或三者以上)
例:在树丛中有一座房子。______________________________________
⑤ in front of 在…前面(外部) behind 在…后面(外部)
in the front of 在…前方(内部) at the back of 在…后部(内部)
例:在房子前面有一棵树。_________________________________________
例:老师正站在教室的前面。_______________________________________
⑵(动态)方位介词
① into 进入…中
例:他把书放进口袋里。______________________________
out of 从…中出来
例:下课后,孩子们跑出教室。________________________
② across 穿过(从平面穿过)
例: 他们正在过马路。_____________________
through 穿过(从立体空间穿过)
例:他们正在穿越森林。___________________
③ up 向上
例:站起来 _________________
down 向下
例:坐下 ___________________
b. 方式介词用法(“用”)
① in + 语言 例:in English
in + 材料 例:in ink
② with + 工具 例:I can write with my hand.
③ by + 交通工具 例:by car
★★拓展:表示“乘坐”交通工具表达
① by + 交通工具 乘飞机 _____________
② take + 冠词 + 交通工具 乘飞机 _____________
③ in the/one’s car/ taxi 乘坐汽车/出租车
例:My father goes to work in his car.
on the train/plane/bus 乘坐火车/飞机/公交车
on one’s bike 骑自行车
例:Tom goes to school on his bike.
c. 时间介词用法
① in + 年份/月份/季节
in + 泛指的上午/下午/晚上
in + 一段时间 意为“在…之后/内(一般将来时)
★★易错点:
注:对in + 时间段提问,用how soon;
区分对for + 时间段提问,用how long
② on + 星期/日期
on + 具体的上午/下午/晚上
·前有形容词修饰 on a rainy night 在一个雨夜
·前有具体时间修饰 on Sunday evening 在周日晚上
·有具体日期修饰:on the morning of May first 在五月一日早上
③ at + 具体时刻/具体时间
at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上 at the moment 此刻(常用现在进行时)
④ before“在…之前”例:周一前 _________
after“在…之后” 例:放学后 _________ 下课后 __________
⑤ from“来自”
·be from + 地点 = come from + 地点 “来自…”
·from…to… 从…到…例:从周一到周五 ________________
·be different from 和…不同 例:我和她不同。____________________
⑥ for + 时间段 表示“持续多长时间”(多用于完成时)
⑦ by + the end of + 时间 表示“到…时候为止”(多用于完成时)
⑧ during + 时间 “在…期间”
d. 其他介词
① to “到;朝着;给”
例:go to school(去) give a pen to you(给)
② by “靠;在…旁边”
例:by oneself(靠) by the lake(在…旁边)
③ with “和;伴随(带着)”
例:I go to school with my brother every day.(和)
The teacher came into the classroom with a book.(带着)
④ without “没有”
例:People cannot live without air.(没有)
⑤ for “给;为了;因为”
例:This bookcase is for you.(给) I am sorry for being late.(因为)
⑥ about “关于;大概”
例:This is a book about nature.(关于) It’s about 6 o’clock now.(大概)
⑦ like “像”
例:This lite is like a bird.(像)
★★考点:be like 和 look like
·look like“长…样”(长相) 询问长相: What do/does…look like
·be like“….样的”(长相/性格)询问性格: What is/are…like
⑧ towards “朝着、向”
⑨ of “属于”
V 题型
介词,主要考察介词用法、介词短语及介词词意辨析。
·介词词意辨析
(2021·青海中考真题)Look! The sun is shining directly into the car. You’d better park it _____ the tree.
A.under B.in front of C.behind
(2021·湖南湘潭市·中考真题)- How do you study for a test, Eric
- I study _____ working with a group.
A.by B.with C.in
(2021·河北中考真题)I eat rice _____ beef and potatoes. It’s delicious.
A.in B.on C.with D.for
(2021·天津中考真题)Anna is taller than me. She sits _____ me in the classroom.
A.between B.from C.behind D.among
(2021·云南昆明市·中考真题)Since 1921, the Communist Party of China (中国共产党)has been leading the Chinese people ________ a better life.
A.of B.on C.at D.to
·介词短语
(2021·甘肃天水市·中考真题)We left _____ such a hurry that we forgot our tickets.
A.on B.for C.to D.in
(2021·四川自贡市·中考真题)- Have you heard of the news about Yuan Longping
- Yes. It’s reported that he passed away _____ the age of 91 yesterday.
A.at B.in C.on
(2021·江苏苏州市·中考真题)Football fans are often called the “12th man” because of their influence _____ a team.
A.to B.from C.on D.at
·介词用法
(2021·湖南怀化市·中考真题)I often help my parents with housework _____ Sundays.
A.on B.in C.at
(2021·江苏南京市·中考真题)We are going to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China _____ July 1st, 2021.
A.in B.on C.at D.of
(2021·江苏盐城市·中考真题)China successfully landed a spacecraft _____ Mars in May, 2021.
A.in B.on C.at D.for
(2021·四川达州市·中考真题)- What happened to Tony
- _____ the morning of a rainy day, he _____ a bike and hurt his legs.
A.In; put off B.On; fell off C.In; fell off D.On; put off
(2021·江苏扬州市·中考真题)China’s first Mars rover, Zhurong, touched down on the Red Planet _______ May 15, 2021.
A.on B.in C.at D.to
(2021·浙江温州市·中考真题)Kate felt excited to see a group of sheep walking ________ her into a village in Qinghai.
A.over B.past C.across D.through
(2021·江苏连云港市·中考真题)The Communist Party of China will have its 100th birthday ________ July 1st, 2021.
A.in B.at C.on D.around
(2021·重庆中考真题)We usually have a flag-raising ceremony _____ Monday.
A.in B.at C.on D.for
(2021·重庆中考真题)The Tianwen-1 Probe landed on Mars ________ May 15th, 2021.
A.at B.in C.to D.on