2024年中考英语语法专题复习专题十一（主谓一致）

专题十一·主谓一致
I 定义
主谓一致即在句子中谓语动词的数必须和主语的数保持一致。
II 种类
a. 语法一致（主语单复数决定谓语动词单复数）
b. 意义一致（谓语动词单复数由主语的意义决定）
c. 就近一致（谓语动词要和距离它近的主语在数上保持一致）
d. 就远一致（谓语动词要和距离它远的主语在数上保持一致）
III 用法
a. 语法一致
⑴ 主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。
例：The results of the research are to be published soon.
⑵ 复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
例：Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
⑶ “each of + 名词复数/them/us/you”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
例：Each of the students has an apple.
注：若“we，you，they或名词复数 + each”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
例：The students each have an apple.
⑷ 代词all作主语，若指人，谓语动词用复数；若指物，谓语动词用单数。
例：All are equal before the law.
⑸ 不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
例：Having to change trains is a small inconvenience.
⑹ 表示时间、重量、距离、价格和体积等的名词复数作主语时，通常被当作整体看待，谓语动词用单数。
例：Twenty years is a long time in one’s life.
⑺ “分数、百分数、half、the rest或most of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词需要与of后的名词保持数量一致。
例：About one third of the books are worth reading.
⑻ “a number of + 名词复数 + 谓语动词复数”表示“许多”，“a number of + 名词复数 + 谓语动词单数”表示“…的数量”。
例：A number of students are from the south.
The number of students from the north is small.
⑼ “a quantity of + 名词复数/不可数名词”，谓语动词用单数；“quantities of + 名词复数/不可数名词”，谓语动词用复数。
例：A large quantity of books is on sale now.
注：在以上结构中，谓语动词单复数取决于quantity单复数。
b. 意义一致
⑴ 集合名词class、family等作主语时，谓语动词根据其所指的意义决定。
例：The whole class are doing experiments.
⑵ “the + adj”和“the + 姓氏复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
例：The Greens are going to London.
⑶ 如maths、physics、politics等学科类以-s结尾却表示单数概念，news等以-s结尾却表示不可数概念的词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
例：Bad news has wings.
⑷ sheep、deer、fish、Chinese、Japanese、means等单复同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词的数与其实际表示的意义保持一致。
例：Three sheep are eating grass there.
c. 就近一致
⑴ or、either…or…、neither…nor…、not only…but also…、not…but…连接并列主语，或在there be句型中，谓语动词与距离近的主语一致。
例：Neither you nor I am wrong.
d. 就远一致
⑴ 在含“名词/代词 + with、along with、together with、as well as、except、but”等结构的句子中，谓语动词与距离远的主语一致。
例：Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party.
IV 题型
（2021·四川遂宁市·中考真题）The number of the whales ______ smaller and smaller because of human activities now.
A．were B．was C．is D．are
（2021·广西柳州市·中考真题）There ______ a TV set in the room.
A．be B．is C．are
（2021·广西柳州市·中考真题）He______ like his brother.
A．look B．looks C．looking
（2021·贵州贵阳市·中考真题）Volunteering our time to help people ______ a good way to learn new things.
A．am B．is C．are
（2021·四川广元市·中考真题）I plan to travel to America next month, and I think 2000 dollars ______ enough.
A．was B．are C．is D．were