山东省泰安市新泰第一中学老校区（新泰中学）2023-2024学年高一下学期第二次月考英语试题（含解析，无听力音频，无音频）
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| 名称 | 山东省泰安市新泰第一中学老校区（新泰中学）2023-2024学年高一下学期第二次月考英语试题（含解析，无听力音频，无音频） |  | |
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新泰中学高一下学期第二次大单元考试
英语试卷 2024.06
（试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does Jennifer like doing most in her free time
A. Doing sports.
B. Watching TV.
C. Attending a club.
2. How does the man go to work now
A. By bike. B. By bus. C. By car.
3. Where will the woman go next
A. Shanghai. B. Beijing. C. Xi’an.
4. What does Jenny want to do
A. Skip supper.
B. Put the toys back later.
C. Help her mother after a while.
5. What are the speakers talking about
A. Mike’s childhood. B. Mike’s pets. C. Mike’s favorite animal.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is Michelle doing there
A. Watching a concert. B. Picking up her sister. C. Buying a birthday gift.
7. What is Michelle
A. A professor. B. A guide. C. A student.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What will Mark do first
A. Fetch the cake. B. Move the chairs. C. Blow up balloons.
9. When will the party begin
A. At 5:00 pm. B. At 7:00 pm. C. At 8:00 pm.
10. What is the relationship between the speakers
A. Husband and wife. B. Boss and employee. C. Friends.
听第8段材料，回答第11至14题。
11. Why did Jason go fishing yesterday
A. To have fun with family.
B. To relax with colleagues.
C. To do some research work.
12. What kind of fish was caught yesterday
A. A new species.
B. A fish with a shark-like tail.
C. A fish living on the bottom of the sea.
13. What was the weight of the fish
A. About 70 pounds. B. Almost 100 pounds. C. More than 140 pounds.
14. How does the woman probably feel in the end
A. Concerned. B. Excited. C. Curious.
听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。
15. When will the man go to Susan’s house
A. On Wednesday. B. On Thursday. C. On Friday.
16. What does Susan ask the man to do
A. Cut down some trees.
B. Plant some vegetables.
C. Prepare some garden beds.
17. Where does the conversation take place
A. Over the phone. B. In a garden. C. At the man’s office.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What can campers do in the camps
A. Learn languages and cultures. B. Travel to China. C. Visit Spain.
19. How long do half-day camps last
A. 3 hours. B. 4 hours. C. 5 hours.
20. Why does the speaker give the talk
A. To introduce camps to her students.
B. To advertise the summer camps.
C. To tell campers what to do.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
If you are looking for something fun and educational to do in Maryland, why not visit the Maryland Science Center It is located at 601 Light Street, Baltimore, MD 2. The ticket prices vary depending on ages, groups and the exhibits you choose.
Introduction
The Maryland Science Center is basically a museum, but it gives everyone a chance to learn through experience and play, rather than just glance at an exhibit.
Activities
You can learn about various topics, including outer space, the human body, dinosaurs, electricity, marine(海洋的) biology, energy, and much more. You can also take part in the interactive activities, such as racing bubbles, digging for dinosaur fossils, using puzzle pieces to construct cars, and so much more.
The Davis Planetarium(天文馆)
At the Davis Planetarium, you can lie back in a chair and look at the stars while still inside the Science Center. The stars will appear on the ceiling of the theatre as you watch them.
There are different shows to catch at the Davis Planetarium. You can learn about the galaxy and astronomy during the Dark Matters show. Learn about the stars and planets during the Sky Live show. The One World One Sky show allows children to explore the stars. The Live from the Sun show will teach you all about the hot sun.
The Kids Room
For children, they can’t miss the Kids Room. They will be able to play in a water area, construct dams and water towers, push buttons, ring doorbells, build with blocks, and more, and definitely they will learn a lot. In addition, there is also an area for kids of two years old and under, where they can crawl, walk and explore safely with soft toys.
21．What do we know about the Maryland Science Center
A．It charges different prices for parents and Children.
B．It is regarded as the most popular museum in Maryland.
C．It is a museum where there are many famous exhibitions.
D．It is mainly designed for children and their families to play together.
22．If you want to know why the sun shines, which show should you choose
A．Dark Matters. B．Live from the Sun.
C．One World One Sky. D．Sky Live.
23．What can we learn about the Kids Room from the passage
A．It is designed for parents who have children.
B．It provides a good opportunity for parents to relax.
C．Children there need to be accompanied by their parents.
D．It is a good place for children to learn and play at the same time.
B
Staffan Lindeberg is a professor in the department of medicine at the University of Lund in Sweden. He was interested in a Stone Age diet. In the early 1990s he travelled to Papua New Guinea to study the diet of the people on the island of Kitava as it was very close to the Stone Age diet. While there, he found that people did not suffer from heart attacks, diabetes (糖尿病), being overweight and many other diseases common in western countries.
As a result of his findings, he decided to test patients in Sweden to see how such a diet would affect them. Fourteen patients followed a Stone Age diet while another fifteen followed a Mediterranean diet, also healthy with lots of fruit and vegetables. All of the patients in the tests had high blood sugar levels, most suffered from diabetes and all had heart problems.
At the end of three months, the group following the Mediterranean diet had reduced their blood sugar levels by a small amount but those following the Stone Age diet had much lower levels of sugar in their blood. The patients in both groups also lost weight although the level of sugar in the blood and the patients’ weight didn’t seem to be related.
So, what is it about the Stone Age diet that can make us healthier The diet contains some meat, fish, vegetables and nuts (坚果) but it doesn’t contain any dairy products (乳制品) or grains, and there is no salt.
The next question is whether the Kitava people are healthier than us. After all, their life expectancy (预期寿命) is much lower. According to Professor Lindeberg, this is not as simple as we may think. Because of their poor health care, there is more chance of them dying at a young age. However, if people on Kitava manage to reach fifty, they are likely to live as long as people in more developed countries.
24．What did Staffan Lindeberg find about the Kitava people on the island of Kitava
A．They followed the Stone Age diet.
B．They lived a simple life.
C．They had no diseases common in western countries.
D．They had poor medical conditions.
25．What did the tests in Sweden show
A．The Stone Age diet could help people lose weight quickly.
B．High blood sugar levels could cause people to be overweight.
C．The Mediterranean diet could not help reduce blood sugar levels.
D．People following the Stone Age diet had a low blood sugar level.
26．What did the Stone Age diet did not contain
A．Vegetables. B．Salt. C．Meat. D．Fish.
27．Why is Kitava people’s life expectancy low
A．They have unhealthy eating habits.
B．Their living conditions are poor.
C．They don’t have good health care.
D．They tend to suffer from a rare disease at a young age.
C
When archaeologists examined a cave in Grotta dei Moscerini in 1949, they found 171 examples of tools made from clam shells. At that time, however, it wasn’t clear whether the shells had been picked up from a beach or sourced alive from the water.
A team of researchers led by Paola Villa, an archaeologist at the University of Colorado Boulder, recently revisited the collection of shell tools and found new details. Most of the shell tools had worn surfaces, which one would expect were from dry shells picked off a beach. But nearly a quarter of the clam shells had shiny, smooth surfaces -typical of shells picked alive from the seafloor. Villa and her colleagues concluded that diving for clams might have been a routine part of Neanderthal life in this region. Fishing and using coastal resources were thought to be unique behaviors to modern humans, but Neanderthals could perfectly do that.
Archaeological evidence has changed our image of Neanderthals in the last couple of decades. Later, more researchers came to the place where the shell tools were found. But it was no longer accessible because it was buried under rocks that were blown from the side of the hill during the construction of a coastal highway in the early 1970s. “Re-excavating the site will not be easy at all,” said Villa. And right now the team has no plans to try.
The prejudice against Neanderthal abilities may simply be due to a lack of widespread archaeological evidence. Unfortunately, the coastal sites that might help support the case of Neanderthal beach activities are hardly seen, and many are now underwater. During the time that Neanderthals and humans shared the planet, the climate was much colder and ice sheets stretched over larger parts of the European continent. But at the end of the last ice age, from about 19,000 to about 6,000 years ago, sea levels rose around the world by about 400 feet, swallowing the once campsites of prehistory on the shores of the ocean.
28．What were archaeologists unsure of the shells for making tools
A．Their value. B．Their functions. C．Their origin. D．Their raw materials.
29．What is Paola and her colleagues’ new finding about Neanderthals
A．They were skilled toolmakers. B．They built their caves near water.
C．They were capable of using sea resources. D．They lived on collecting clams on the beach.
30．What made the Grotta dei Moscerini site difficult to restore
A．Natural disasters. B．Careless human activities.
C．Preservation of the site. D．Underdeveloped technology.
31．What’s the author’s purpose for writing the last paragraph
A．To stress the long history of Neanderthals.
B．To tell Neanderthals’ close relation with modern humans.
C．To show the influence of climate change on Neanderthals.
D．To explain the cause of underestimating Neanderthals’ civilization.
D
Despite advances in technology, many companies still plan routes for their delivery vehicles the same way they did a decade ago. Managors create routes the day before, and then hand printouts to drivers to follow or import them into the hand-hold devices. But when drivers get stuck in traffic jams while on their rounds, they’re simply out of luck and behind schedule. The same thing happens if there’s a surprise snowstorm that makes roads impassable.
Wise Systems, a Boston start-up, is dealing with this age-old problem by pairing machine learning with data collected from drivers’ mobile phones. It deals with information like the driver’s driving speed and location with other details including traffic, weather, where the orders are being delivered, and when customers are available to receive their orders.
What emerges is a delivery journey that can be tweaked depending on any problems that come up. If the technology determines that a driver will miss a scheduled stop because of road closures, for example, it will change the schedule for the entire day. If that’s not possible, the driver will receive reminders on his or her mobile phone as a not-so-hidden clue to pick up the pace.
The goal of the technology is to create routes that allow drivers to work more quickly and effectively, which companies put more and more effort into now as they fight for customers who expect their orders almost immediately. By doing so, companies can save money by increasing the number of deliveries that drivers can make during shifts and make customers happier by raising the likelihood that their orders will arrive on time, or be delivered by the driver they prefer.
32．What is the author’s attitude towards the commonly used delivery routes
A．Confident. B．Uncertain. C．Negative. D．Approving.
33．What does the underlined word “tweaked” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Monitored. B．Stopped. C．Adjusted. D．Predicted.
34．What is becoming increasingly important for companies
A．Order volume. B．Customer satisfaction.
C．Decrease in costs. D．Increase in efficiency.
35．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To advise a company. B．To introduce a new technology.
C．To compare different route plans. D．To discuss problems with delivery.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Everyone wants to make an existing friendship stronger. If you regularly communicate and take proper steps to be a supportive friend, you can overcome any misunderstanding and maintain (保持) your friendship for the long run. ____36____
Text them regularly
When you see or experience something that reminds you of your friends, send them a text to let them know that you are thinking about them. ____37____ Ask them questions about how they are doing and if there’s anything interesting going on in their lives. Calling and texting are great ways to keep in touch, but spending time with the person is an even better way to grow a bond.
Offer your help when they need it
If you hear that your friends are going through a bard time or they seem down and depressed, ask them how they are doing. Give them a call or talk to them in person and ask them how you can help. Usually you can’t solve their problem. ____38____
____39____
Gift giving isn’t always necessary in a friendship. ____40____ Get gifts for your friends on special occasions, like their birthday and anniversary. You can also get gifts for your friends when they are going through a tough time.
Value your friendship and be there for your friends during their ups and downs.
A．Share unforgettable moments
B．Show your heart with occasional gifts
C．There are ways to strengthen your bond.
D．Call your friends when you have free time to talk.
E．No contact for a long time causes misunderstanding.
F．It will let your friend know that you’re thinking about them.
G．But you can still provide support by listening to what they are going through.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
As French author Andre Maurois once said, “Without a family, man, alone in the world, shakes with the cold. ” Indeed, families who give us love and ____41____ are an important part of our lives. But even in a loving family, ____42____ can’t be avoided.
One day, I was doing my homework and my sister ____43____. Busy with homework, I didn’t talk to her and just kept working: But when I took a ____44____, I turned my head to the place where my sister was sitting. ____45____, I found my notebook had a lot of messy drawings on it.
At that time, I was full of ____46____ and walked out of my room, shouting at my sister. “You are really a____47____and I hate you. ” Hearing the words, my sister ____48____ out crying and tried to explain her behavior. But I ____49____ since I didn’t want to hear a word from her. The ____50____ afterward lasted for a long time ____51____ us. To solve the problem, my father brought me to the living room and asked: “Have you noticed what the drawing is on your notebook ”
I shook my head. Then, under the ____52____of my father, I looked at it carefully, it ____53____, “Happy birthday”. At that moment, I knew how ____54____ I was. Though drawing on my notebook wasn’t right, my sister’s love and ____55____ were sincere. Feeling guilty, I said sorry to my sister. Instead of staying angry, she smiled back at me.
41．A．wisdom B．truth C．soul D．warmth
42．A．misunderstandingsB．expectationsC．competitions D．dislikes
43．A．left B．entered C．led D．met
44．A．test B．task C．text D．rest
45．A．Fortunately B．Disappointingly C．Shockingly D．Thankfully
46．A．anger B．hunger C．anxiety D．sadness
47．A．storyteller B．house-cleaner C．troublemaker D．performer
48．A．burst B．burnt C．bore D．beat
49．A．amused B．refused C．allowed D．turned
50．A．quarrel B．fight C．lecture D．silence
51．A．among B．within C．against D．between
52．A．requirement B．response C．reward D．judgement
53．A．spoke B．told C．said D．talked
54．A．inaccessible B．inconsiderate C．inactive D．invisible
55．A．extensions B．intentions C．awareness D．admission
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Shenzhou XIII taikonauts’ six-month stay at the Tiangong space station is wrapping up. Now they face one last test of their scientific and space travel skills—returning home safely. What needs to be done before leaving ____56____ space station in mid-April
Besides their personal ____57____(belong), astronauts also need to “pack” experimental data and samples, so they can be further researched on Earth. And they have to tidy up a large number of materials, ____58____(include) goods on the Tianzhou 3 cargo (货物) spacecraft.
Since the space station has no room service, the three astronauts need to “clean the house”____59____(they). The waste is then put into the orbital module, which burns as it re-enters Earth’s atmosphere.
They also have to put all equipment ____60____ place correctly since there will be a gap of more than one month ____61____ the astronauts of Shenzhou XIV enter the space station. The crew members need to make sure some items, such as gym equipment, ____62____(fix) to the walls to avoid floating and slipping.
Astronauts experience microgravity (微重力) for long periods of time during their stays on the space station, ____63____ has an effect on their bodies. This includes a loss of fluid, muscle atrophy as well as bone loss. ____64____(ensure) their safe and sound return, the three taikonauts have been doing physical exercises to train their muscle for the return to Earth. ____65____(base) on their in-orbit physical examinations and data, experts have customized (定制) exercise plans for each of them.
Just like a house that will be empty for a long time must have its water and power switched off, taikonauts need to check everything before they leave.
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
66．假定你是学生会主席李华，目前发现许多人忽视传统节日的传承，为此你决定向全校同学发起以“保护传统节日”为主题的倡议书，内容要点包括：
1.对待传统节日存在的问题；
2.保护传统节日的意义及行动；
3.提出倡议。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
67．阅读下面短文，根据所给其内容和所给的段落开头语续写成两段，使之构成一个完整的短文。
Boys like to be considered to be brave, but what kind of things can be considered to be brave It is not a question that can be answered by words, but by the actual deed. A boy with the name Henry gave us a good example. Ronny and Henry were two friends in the same class. One day as Ronny and Henry were going home after school, they saw some people fighting in the street comer. Ronny said excitedly, “Some people are fighting! Let’s go and have a look!” But Henry refused. “It’s none of our business. We’d better go home and don’t get close to them. Also our parents are expecting to have dinner with us together at home and I don’t want them to worry about me.”
“You are a coward, and afraid to go.” said Ronny, and off he ran to the spot with some other boys. Henry had to go home alone and didn’t think about it anymore. But Ronny thought Henry was a coward and told all the boys that. They laughed at him a great deal. From then on, they looked down upon Henry and didn’t want to play with him. Henry was sad but he wasn’t angry with Ronny for his rude behavior, because he had learned that true courage was shown most in bearing misunderstanding when it was not deserved, and that he ought to be afraid of nothing but doing wrong. Thus, he just ignored the other boys’ laughter.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
Paragraph 1: A few days later, something terrible happened to Ronny.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: At that moment, Henry happened to pass by.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
高一英语下第二次大单元考试答案
1—5 ACCBB 6—10 CCABC 11—15 CBCAB 16—20 CAAAB
21．A 22．B 23．D
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一个既有乐趣又有教育意义的场所——马里兰科学中心。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段“The ticket prices vary depending on ages, groups and the exhibits you choose.(票价因年龄、团体和展品不同而不同。)”可知父母和儿童的票价不一样，故选A项。
22．推理判断题。根据The Davis Planetarium(天文馆)中第二段的“The Live from the Sun show will teach you all about the hot sun.(The Live from the Sun将会告诉你关于太阳的一切。)”可知如果你想知道为什么太阳会发光，应该选择Live from the Sun.，故选B项。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段“For children, they can’t miss the Kids Room. They will be able to play in a water area, construct dams and water towers, push buttons, ring doorbells, build with blocks, and more, and definitely they will learn a lot. In addition, there is also an area for kids of two years old and under, where they can crawl, walk and explore safely with soft toys.(对于孩子们，不能错过的是儿童房。 他们可以在水域玩耍，建造水坝和水塔，按钮，环形门铃，用积木建造等等，当然，他们还会学到很多东西。 此外，还有一个供两岁及两岁以下儿童使用的区域，他们可以在其中使用毛绒玩具安全地爬行，行走和探索。)”可知The Kids Room是一个让孩子们既可以学习又可以玩耍的好地方。故选D项。
24．C 25．D 26．B 27．C
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项关于石器时代饮食习惯的研究，研究发现，该时代的饮食习惯有利于减少一些疾病发生的风险。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“While there, he found that people did not suffer from heart attacks, diabetes (糖尿病), being overweight and many other diseases common in western countries. (在那里，他发现那里的人没有心脏病发作、糖尿病、体重超重或许多其他西方国家常见的疾病)”可知，基塔瓦人没有西方国家常见的疾病。故选C项。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“At the end of three months, the group following the Mediterranean diet had reduced their blood sugar levels by a small amount but those following the Stone Age diet had much lower levels of sugar in their blood. (三个月后，遵循地中海饮食习惯的小组血糖水平略有下降，但遵循石器时代饮食习惯的小组血糖水平要低得多)”可知，遵循石器时代饮食习惯的人血糖水平低。故选D项。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句中的“The diet contains some meat, fish, vegetables and nuts (坚果) but it doesn’t contain any dairy products (乳制品) or grains, and there is no salt. (这种饮食包括一些肉、鱼、蔬菜和坚果，但不含任何乳制品或谷物，也不含盐)”可知，石器时代的饮食中没有盐。故选B项。
27．细节理解题。根据最后一段的第四句“Because of their poor health care, there is more chance of them dying at a young age. (由于他们的卫生保健水平落后，他们年轻时死亡的可能性更大)”可知，基塔瓦人寿命不长的原因在于卫生保健条件不好。故选C项。
28．C 29．C 30．B 31．D
这是一篇说明文。1949年，当考古学家检查Grotta dei Moscerini的一个洞穴时，他们发现了171件由蛤壳制成的工具。然而，当时还不清楚这些贝壳是从海滩上捡来的，还是从水中捡来的。如今研究团队最近重新研究了贝壳工具的收藏，并发现了新的细节，文章主要介绍了研究的发现和意义。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段中“At that time, however, it wasn’t clear whether the shells had been picked up from a beach or sourced alive from the water.(然而，当时还不清楚这些贝壳是从海滩上捡来的，还是从水中捡来的)”可知，考古学家不确定用这些贝壳是来制造工具的起源。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Villa and her colleagues concluded that diving for clams might have been a routine part of Neanderthal life in this region. Fishing and using coastal resources were thought to be unique behaviors to modern humans, but Neanderthals could perfectly do that.( Villa和她的同事得出结论，潜水寻找蛤蜊可能是这一地区尼安德特人生活的常规部分。捕鱼和利用沿海资源被认为是现代人特有的行为，但尼安德特人完全可以做到这一点)”可知，Paola和她的同事们关于尼安德特人的新发现是他们有能力利用海洋资源。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But it was no longer accessible because it was buried under rocks that were blown from the side of the hill during the construction of a coastal highway in the early 1970s.(但由于它被埋在20世纪70年代初修建沿海高速公路时从山的一侧吹来的岩石下，现在已无法进入)”可知，粗心的人类活动让Grotta dei Moscerini遗址难以恢复。故选B。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The prejudice against Neanderthal abilities may simply be due to a lack of widespread archaeological evidence. Unfortunately, the coastal sites that might help support the case of Neanderthal beach activities are hardly seen, and many are now underwater. During the time that Neanderthals and humans shared the planet, the climate was much colder and ice sheets stretched over larger parts of the European continent. But at the end of the last ice age, from about 19,000 to about 6,000 years ago, sea levels rose around the world by about 400 feet, swallowing the once campsites of prehistory on the shores of the ocean.(对尼安德特人能力的偏见可能只是由于缺乏广泛的考古证据。不幸的是，可能有助于证明尼安德特人在海滩上活动的沿海遗址几乎看不到，而且许多现在都在水下。在尼安德特人和人类共享地球的时期，气候更冷，冰盖覆盖了欧洲大陆的大部分地区。但在上一个冰河时代的末期，从大约19000年到大约6000年前，世界各地的海平面上升了大约400英尺，吞噬了海洋岸边曾经的史前露营地)”可推知，作者写最后一段的目的是解释低估尼安德特人文明的原因。故选D。
32．C 33．C 34．D 35．B
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了波士顿的一家初创公司Wise Systems正通过将机器学习与从司机手机收集的数据配对来解决原始配送路线存在的一些问题。介绍了这项技术的一些优势以及给公司带来的好处。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段中“But when drivers get stuck in traffic jams while on their rounds, they’re simply out of luck and behind schedule. The same thing happens if there’s a surprise snowstorm that makes roads impassable.(但是，当司机在开车时遇到交通堵塞时，他们只是运气不好，落后于计划。如果有一场突如其来的暴风雪使道路无法通行，也会发生同样的情况)”可推知，作者对常用的配送路线持消极态度。故选C。
33．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“depending on any problems that come up”以及第三段中“If the technology determines that a driver will miss a scheduled stop because of road closures, for example, it will change the schedule for the entire day.”可知，例如，如果该技术确定驾驶员将因道路封闭而错过预定的停车点，它将改变一整天的时间表，可见该交付过程可以根据出现的任何问题进行调整。故画线词意思是“调整”。故选C。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The goal of the technology is to create routes that allow drivers to work more quickly and effectively, which companies put more and more effort into now as they fight for customers who expect their orders almost immediately. By doing so, companies can save money by increasing the number of deliveries that drivers can make during shifts and make customers happier by raising the likelihood that their orders will arrive on time, or be delivered by the driver they prefer.(这项技术的目标是创建路线，使司机能够更快、更有效地工作，而现在，随着公司为那些几乎马上就能收到订单的客户而努力，他们也越来越努力。通过这样做，公司可以通过增加司机在轮班时可以交付的数量来节省资金，并通过提高订单准时到达或由他们喜欢的司机交付的可能性来让客户更开心)”可推知，提高效率对公司越来越重要。故选D。
35．推理判断题。根据第二段“Wise Systems, a Boston start-up, is dealing with this age-old problem by pairing machine learning with data collected from drivers’ mobile phones. It deals with information like the driver’s driving speed and location with other details including traffic, weather, where the orders are being delivered, and when customers are available to receive their orders. (波士顿的一家初创公司Wise Systems正通过将机器学习与从司机手机收集的数据配对来解决这一古老的问题。它处理诸如驾驶员行驶速度和位置等信息，以及其他详细信息，包括交通、天气、订单交付地点以及客户何时可以收到订单)”结合文章主要说明了波士顿的一家初创公司Wise Systems正通过将机器学习与从司机手机收集的数据配对来解决原始配送路线存在的一些问题。介绍了这项技术的一些优势以及给公司带来的好处。可推知，这篇文章的目的是介绍新技术。故选B。
36．C 37．D 38．G 39．B 40．F
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了可以克服误解并维持友谊的三种方法。
36．上文“If you regularly communicate and take proper steps to be a supportive friend, you can overcome any misunderstanding and maintain your friendship for the long run.(如果你经常沟通并采取适当措施成为一个给予帮助的朋友，你可以克服任何误解，并长期维持友谊。)”说明沟通和采取适当措施可以克服误解，长期维持友谊，C项“有很多方法可以加强你们之间的联系。”说明有很多可以采取的方法，符合题意，引出下文的措施。故选C。
37．下文“Calling and texting are great ways to keep in touch, but spending time with the person is an even better way to grow a bond.(打电话和发短信是保持联系的好方法，但花时间和对方在一起是增进联系的更好方法。)”说明打电话和发短信是保持联系的好方法，上文“When you see or experience something that reminds you of your friends, send them a text to let them know that you are thinking about them.(当你看到或经历一些让你想起朋友的事情时，给他们发一条短信，让他们知道你在想他们。)”说明可以采用发短信的方法，所以空处应介绍打电话这种方法，D项“有空的时候给你的朋友打电话。”符合题意。故选D。
38．上文“Give them a call or talk to them in person and ask them how you can help. Usually you can’t solve their problem. (给他们打个电话或亲自与他们交谈，问他们你能提供什么帮助。通常你无法解决他们的问题。)”说明要与朋友交谈，询问你能提供什么帮助，这样做通常无法解决他们的问题，G项“但你仍然可以通过倾听他们的经历来提供支持。”与上文形成转折关系，说明倾听可以提供帮助，符合题意。故选G。
39．下文“Gift giving isn’t always necessary in a friendship.(在友谊中，送礼并不总是必要的。)”说明在友谊中可以送礼物，但是送礼物不总是必要的，B项“偶尔送些礼物来表达你的心意”可以作为本段标题句，符合题意。故选B。
40．上文“Gift giving isn’t always necessary in a friendship.(在友谊中，送礼并不总是必要的。)”说明送礼物并不总是必要的，以及下文“Get gifts for your friends on special occasions, like their birthday and anniversary. You can also get gifts for your friends when they are going through a tough time.(在特殊场合，比如生日和周年纪念日，给朋友买礼物。当你的朋友正经历一段艰难时期时，你也可以给他们买礼物。)”说明可以在特殊场合送礼物给朋友，所以空处应说明送礼物是有益处的，F项“这会让你的朋友知道你在想他们。”符合题意。故选F。
41．D 42．A 43．B 44．D 45．C 46．A 47．C 48．A 49．B 50．D
51．D 52．A 53．C 54．B 55．B
这是一篇记叙文，本文通过作者和妹妹之间发生的小插曲说明家庭给人带来的温暖。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：的确，给予我们爱和温暖的家庭是我们生活中重要的一部分。A. wisdom智慧；B. truth真理；C. soul灵魂；D. warmth温暖。根据上文“Without a family, man, alone in the world, shakes with the cold.(没有家庭的人，孤独地生活在这个世界上，冷得发抖)”及本句中的“Indeed”可知，本句是同意上文的观点，家庭给我们爱和温暖。故选D项。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但即使在一个充满爱的家庭，误解也无法避免。A. misunderstandings误解，误会；B. expectations期待；C. competitions竞争，比赛；D. dislikes不喜欢，反感。下文的故事里作者就与妹妹发生了误会，所以此处指即使在有爱的家庭里，“误会”也是难免的。故选A项。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，我正在做作业，我妹妹进来了。A. left离开；B. entered进入；C. led引领，带路；D. met遇见。根据下文“Busy with homework, I didn’t talk to her and just kept working(忙于作业，我没有和她说话，只是继续写作业)”可知，作者在写作业时妹妹进来了。故选B项。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是当我休息的时候，我转过头去看我妹妹坐的地方。A. test测验，考试；B. task任务；C. text文本，正文；D. rest休息（时间）。上文提到作者忙于写作业，结合下文“I turned my head to the place where my sister was sitting”可知，由于作者忙于写作业没有理妹妹，只有在“休息”的时候才看向妹妹刚才待的地方。故选D项。
45．考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，我发现我的笔记本上有很多乱七八糟的图画。A. Fortunately幸运地；B. Disappointingly失望地；C. Shockingly 令人震惊地；D. Thankfully感激地。通过后面一句“I found my notebook had a lot of messy drawings on it”可知，作者的笔记本上被妹妹乱涂乱画，这件事令作者吃惊。故选C项。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时，我充满了愤怒，走出我的房间，对我的妹妹大喊大叫。A. anger愤怒；B. hunger饥饿；C. anxiety焦虑；D. sadness悲伤。根据“shouting at my sister”可知，此时的作者应该是充满了愤怒。故选A项。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你真是个惹麻烦的人，我讨厌你。A. storyteller讲故事的人；B. house-cleaner打扫房间的人；C. troublemaker惹麻烦的人；D. performer表演者。根据上文妹妹在作者的笔记本上乱涂乱画及空后“I hate you”可知，作者责骂妹妹是“惹麻烦的人”。故选C项。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：听到这些话，我妹妹大哭起来，试图解释她的行为。A. burst爆炸，突然出现，突然发生；B. burnt燃烧，烧坏；C. bore忍受；D. beat敲，击，击败。结合语境及“Hearing the words”可知，妹妹听到作者的话突然大哭起来，burst out crying突然大哭起来。故选A项。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我拒绝了，因为我不想听她说一个字。A. amused逗乐，逗笑；B. refused拒绝；C. allowed允许；D. turned翻转。根据“since I didn’t want to hear a word from her”可知，作者拒绝听妹妹解释。故选B项。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：之后我们之间沉默了很长时间。A. quarrel争吵；B. fight斗争，打斗；C. lecture讲座；D. silence沉默。根据语境可知，作者不想听妹妹的解释，于是两人之间有了长时间的“沉默”。故选D项。
51．考查介词词义辨析。句意：之后我们之间沉默了很长时间。A. among在……当中；B. within在……之内； C. against反对；D. between在……中间。此处指作者和妹妹之间，两人之间用介词between。故选D项。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，在爸爸的要求下，我仔细地看着它，它写着：“生日快乐”。A. requirement要求；B. response反应，响应；C. reward奖励，回报；D. judgement评价。结合语境可知，此处指在爸爸的“要求”下，作者认真地看了妹妹的画。故选A项。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，在爸爸的要求下，我仔细地看着它，它写着：“生日快乐”。A. spoke说，演讲；B. told告诉；C. said说；D. talked谈论。空后“Happy birthday”是画的内容，画上“说道，写道”都用say，其他选项没有此意。故选C项。
54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那一刻，我知道自己是多么不善解人意。A. inaccessible难到达的，难懂的；B. inconsiderate不体贴的，不善解人意的；C. inactive不活跃的；D. invisible不可见的。根据文章内容及下文“Though drawing on my notebook wasn’t right, my sister’s love and ____15____ were sincere.”可知，此时作者才意识到自己多么“不善解人意”。故选B项。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然在我的笔记本上画画不对，但我妹妹的爱和意图是真诚的。A. extensions延申，扩展；B. intentions意图，目的；C. awareness意识；D. admission承认，进入权。结合语境可知，虽然妹妹的做法不对，但其用意是真诚的。故选B项。
56．the57．belongings58．including59．themselves60．in61．before62．are fixed
63．which 64．To ensure 65．Based
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三位宇航员在离开中国空间站前需要做的事情。
56．考查冠词。句意：在4月中旬离开空间站之前需要做什么 此处特指中国的空间站，应用定冠词the修饰名词space。故填the。
57．考查名词。句意：除了个人物品，宇航员还需要“打包”实验数据和样本，以便在地球上进行进一步研究。空处应填名词作besides的宾语，belonging“所有物”符合题意，可数名词，常用复数形式。故填belongings。
58．考查介词。句意：他们必须整理大量的物资，包括天舟3号货运飞船上的货物。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处应填介词including，表示“包括”。故填including。
59．考查反身代词。句意：由于空间站没有客房服务，这三名宇航员需要自己“打扫房间”。结合句意表示“他们亲自”应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
60．考查介词。句意：他们还必须将所有设备正确地放置到位，因为神舟十四号的宇航员进入空间站之前将有一个多月的时间间隔。结合句意表达“在适当的位置”用in place。故填in。
61．考查连词。句意：他们还必须将所有设备正确地放置到位，因为神舟十四号的宇航员进入空间站之前将有一个多月的时间间隔。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处应用before“在……之前”引导时间状语从句，指“宇航员进入空间站之前一个多月”。故填before。
62．考查时态和语态。句意：工作人员需要确保一些物品，如健身器材，被固定在墙上，以避免漂浮和滑动。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，根据主句谓语动词need判断为一般现在时，主语items和fix之间为被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are fixed。
63．考查定语从句。句意：宇航员在空间站停留期间长时间处于微重力状态，这对他们的身体有影响。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为上文整个句子，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
64．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了确保他们的安全和健康返回，三名宇航员一直在进行体育锻炼，以训练他们的肌肉，以便返回地球。结合句意和句子结构可知，空处为目的状语，应用不定式。故填To ensure。
65．考查形容词作状语。句意：专家们根据在轨体检结果和数据，为他们制定了健身计划。be based on“以……为基础，基于……”，此处省略be用形容词作状语。故填Based。
66．Dear fellow students,
As we all know, western festivals are getting more and more popular while our traditional ones are gradually ignored. Faced with the urgent situation, it is time for us to take action to protect our traditional festivals.
First of all, awareness of protecting our festivals should be enhanced as they are absolutely part of our culture. Besides, there is no doubt that they are the essence of culture, reflecting the wisdom of our ancestors. Last but not least, in order to spread the popularity of traditional festivals, heated atmosphere should be created to attract more people to celebrate them willingly.
I sincerely call on every one of you to observe our traditional festivals proudly.
The Students Union
本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是学生会主席李华，目前发现许多人忽视传统节日的传承，为此你决定向全校同学发起以“保护传统节日”为主题的倡议书。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
本质：essence→nature
乐意：willingly→gladly
此外：besides→additionally
号召：call on→appeal to
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Last but not least, in order to spread the popularity of traditional festivals, heated atmosphere should be created to attract more people to celebrate them willingly.
拓展句：Last but not least, heated atmosphere should be created to attract more people to celebrate them willingly so that we can spread the popularity of traditional festivals.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] As we all know, western festivals are getting more and more popular while our traditional ones are gradually ignored. (运用了as引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Last but not least, in order to spread the popularity of traditional festivals, heated atmosphere should be created to attract more people to celebrate them willingly. (运用了不定式作目的状语)
67．Paragraph 1:
A few days later, something terrible happened to Ronny. That afternoon after school, Ronny was bathing with some of his new friends in the river happily. Suddenly, he was stuck in the mud and couldn’t get out. He struggled hard but he was still trapped. He screamed for help, but all in vain. The boys who had called Henry a coward got out of the water as fast as they could. They were so scared and did not even try to help him.
Paragraph 2:
At that moment, Henry happened to pass by. He heard the screams and ran to the river as soon as possible. Seeing Ronny was almost drowned, Henry took off his clothes immediately and jumped into the water without any hesitation. He reached Ronny just as he was sinking the last time. With great efforts, and with much danger to himself, he brought Ronny to the shore in time. Henry was happy to help his friend, though he was extremely tired.
【解析】
【导语】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了罗尼和亨利是同班同学也是好朋友。一天放学回家，罗尼看到有人在打架，想去看看，被亨利拒绝后，罗尼便和班上的其他几个人一起去了，最后在班上到处说亨利是懦夫。但是有一天，罗尼遇到了非常可怕的事情，这个时候，班上的其他小伙伴都因为害怕而弃他而去，只有亨利勇敢地站出来，帮助罗尼脱离了困境。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“几天后，罗尼身上发生了可怕的事情。”可知，第一段可描写罗尼遇到了什么样的困境，他的新伙伴们都是什么反应。
②由第二段首句内容“这时，亨利正好经过。”可知，第二段可描写亨利是如何不惧困难将罗尼最终救出困境的。
2.续写线索：罗尼和班上的新朋友在河里洗澡——陷进泥里拼命挣扎——新朋友们都非常害怕跑掉了——亨利经过——亨利脱下衣服跳进河里——救下罗尼
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.陷入：be stuck in / be caught in
②.大声叫：screamed / shriek / cry
③.脱掉：took off / peel off / strip off
情绪类
①.开心：happily / delightedly
②.害怕：scared / frightened
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. The boys who had called Henry a coward got out of the water as fast as they could.（运用了who引导的限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]. Seeing Ronny was almost drowned, Henry took off his clothes immediately and jumped into the water without any hesitation.（运用了现在分词短语作状语）
[高分句型3]. Henry was happy to help his friend, though he was extremely tired.（运用了though引导的让步状语从句）
英语试卷 2024.06
（试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does Jennifer like doing most in her free time
A. Doing sports.
B. Watching TV.
C. Attending a club.
2. How does the man go to work now
A. By bike. B. By bus. C. By car.
3. Where will the woman go next
A. Shanghai. B. Beijing. C. Xi’an.
4. What does Jenny want to do
A. Skip supper.
B. Put the toys back later.
C. Help her mother after a while.
5. What are the speakers talking about
A. Mike’s childhood. B. Mike’s pets. C. Mike’s favorite animal.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is Michelle doing there
A. Watching a concert. B. Picking up her sister. C. Buying a birthday gift.
7. What is Michelle
A. A professor. B. A guide. C. A student.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What will Mark do first
A. Fetch the cake. B. Move the chairs. C. Blow up balloons.
9. When will the party begin
A. At 5:00 pm. B. At 7:00 pm. C. At 8:00 pm.
10. What is the relationship between the speakers
A. Husband and wife. B. Boss and employee. C. Friends.
听第8段材料，回答第11至14题。
11. Why did Jason go fishing yesterday
A. To have fun with family.
B. To relax with colleagues.
C. To do some research work.
12. What kind of fish was caught yesterday
A. A new species.
B. A fish with a shark-like tail.
C. A fish living on the bottom of the sea.
13. What was the weight of the fish
A. About 70 pounds. B. Almost 100 pounds. C. More than 140 pounds.
14. How does the woman probably feel in the end
A. Concerned. B. Excited. C. Curious.
听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。
15. When will the man go to Susan’s house
A. On Wednesday. B. On Thursday. C. On Friday.
16. What does Susan ask the man to do
A. Cut down some trees.
B. Plant some vegetables.
C. Prepare some garden beds.
17. Where does the conversation take place
A. Over the phone. B. In a garden. C. At the man’s office.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What can campers do in the camps
A. Learn languages and cultures. B. Travel to China. C. Visit Spain.
19. How long do half-day camps last
A. 3 hours. B. 4 hours. C. 5 hours.
20. Why does the speaker give the talk
A. To introduce camps to her students.
B. To advertise the summer camps.
C. To tell campers what to do.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
If you are looking for something fun and educational to do in Maryland, why not visit the Maryland Science Center It is located at 601 Light Street, Baltimore, MD 2. The ticket prices vary depending on ages, groups and the exhibits you choose.
Introduction
The Maryland Science Center is basically a museum, but it gives everyone a chance to learn through experience and play, rather than just glance at an exhibit.
Activities
You can learn about various topics, including outer space, the human body, dinosaurs, electricity, marine(海洋的) biology, energy, and much more. You can also take part in the interactive activities, such as racing bubbles, digging for dinosaur fossils, using puzzle pieces to construct cars, and so much more.
The Davis Planetarium(天文馆)
At the Davis Planetarium, you can lie back in a chair and look at the stars while still inside the Science Center. The stars will appear on the ceiling of the theatre as you watch them.
There are different shows to catch at the Davis Planetarium. You can learn about the galaxy and astronomy during the Dark Matters show. Learn about the stars and planets during the Sky Live show. The One World One Sky show allows children to explore the stars. The Live from the Sun show will teach you all about the hot sun.
The Kids Room
For children, they can’t miss the Kids Room. They will be able to play in a water area, construct dams and water towers, push buttons, ring doorbells, build with blocks, and more, and definitely they will learn a lot. In addition, there is also an area for kids of two years old and under, where they can crawl, walk and explore safely with soft toys.
21．What do we know about the Maryland Science Center
A．It charges different prices for parents and Children.
B．It is regarded as the most popular museum in Maryland.
C．It is a museum where there are many famous exhibitions.
D．It is mainly designed for children and their families to play together.
22．If you want to know why the sun shines, which show should you choose
A．Dark Matters. B．Live from the Sun.
C．One World One Sky. D．Sky Live.
23．What can we learn about the Kids Room from the passage
A．It is designed for parents who have children.
B．It provides a good opportunity for parents to relax.
C．Children there need to be accompanied by their parents.
D．It is a good place for children to learn and play at the same time.
B
Staffan Lindeberg is a professor in the department of medicine at the University of Lund in Sweden. He was interested in a Stone Age diet. In the early 1990s he travelled to Papua New Guinea to study the diet of the people on the island of Kitava as it was very close to the Stone Age diet. While there, he found that people did not suffer from heart attacks, diabetes (糖尿病), being overweight and many other diseases common in western countries.
As a result of his findings, he decided to test patients in Sweden to see how such a diet would affect them. Fourteen patients followed a Stone Age diet while another fifteen followed a Mediterranean diet, also healthy with lots of fruit and vegetables. All of the patients in the tests had high blood sugar levels, most suffered from diabetes and all had heart problems.
At the end of three months, the group following the Mediterranean diet had reduced their blood sugar levels by a small amount but those following the Stone Age diet had much lower levels of sugar in their blood. The patients in both groups also lost weight although the level of sugar in the blood and the patients’ weight didn’t seem to be related.
So, what is it about the Stone Age diet that can make us healthier The diet contains some meat, fish, vegetables and nuts (坚果) but it doesn’t contain any dairy products (乳制品) or grains, and there is no salt.
The next question is whether the Kitava people are healthier than us. After all, their life expectancy (预期寿命) is much lower. According to Professor Lindeberg, this is not as simple as we may think. Because of their poor health care, there is more chance of them dying at a young age. However, if people on Kitava manage to reach fifty, they are likely to live as long as people in more developed countries.
24．What did Staffan Lindeberg find about the Kitava people on the island of Kitava
A．They followed the Stone Age diet.
B．They lived a simple life.
C．They had no diseases common in western countries.
D．They had poor medical conditions.
25．What did the tests in Sweden show
A．The Stone Age diet could help people lose weight quickly.
B．High blood sugar levels could cause people to be overweight.
C．The Mediterranean diet could not help reduce blood sugar levels.
D．People following the Stone Age diet had a low blood sugar level.
26．What did the Stone Age diet did not contain
A．Vegetables. B．Salt. C．Meat. D．Fish.
27．Why is Kitava people’s life expectancy low
A．They have unhealthy eating habits.
B．Their living conditions are poor.
C．They don’t have good health care.
D．They tend to suffer from a rare disease at a young age.
C
When archaeologists examined a cave in Grotta dei Moscerini in 1949, they found 171 examples of tools made from clam shells. At that time, however, it wasn’t clear whether the shells had been picked up from a beach or sourced alive from the water.
A team of researchers led by Paola Villa, an archaeologist at the University of Colorado Boulder, recently revisited the collection of shell tools and found new details. Most of the shell tools had worn surfaces, which one would expect were from dry shells picked off a beach. But nearly a quarter of the clam shells had shiny, smooth surfaces -typical of shells picked alive from the seafloor. Villa and her colleagues concluded that diving for clams might have been a routine part of Neanderthal life in this region. Fishing and using coastal resources were thought to be unique behaviors to modern humans, but Neanderthals could perfectly do that.
Archaeological evidence has changed our image of Neanderthals in the last couple of decades. Later, more researchers came to the place where the shell tools were found. But it was no longer accessible because it was buried under rocks that were blown from the side of the hill during the construction of a coastal highway in the early 1970s. “Re-excavating the site will not be easy at all,” said Villa. And right now the team has no plans to try.
The prejudice against Neanderthal abilities may simply be due to a lack of widespread archaeological evidence. Unfortunately, the coastal sites that might help support the case of Neanderthal beach activities are hardly seen, and many are now underwater. During the time that Neanderthals and humans shared the planet, the climate was much colder and ice sheets stretched over larger parts of the European continent. But at the end of the last ice age, from about 19,000 to about 6,000 years ago, sea levels rose around the world by about 400 feet, swallowing the once campsites of prehistory on the shores of the ocean.
28．What were archaeologists unsure of the shells for making tools
A．Their value. B．Their functions. C．Their origin. D．Their raw materials.
29．What is Paola and her colleagues’ new finding about Neanderthals
A．They were skilled toolmakers. B．They built their caves near water.
C．They were capable of using sea resources. D．They lived on collecting clams on the beach.
30．What made the Grotta dei Moscerini site difficult to restore
A．Natural disasters. B．Careless human activities.
C．Preservation of the site. D．Underdeveloped technology.
31．What’s the author’s purpose for writing the last paragraph
A．To stress the long history of Neanderthals.
B．To tell Neanderthals’ close relation with modern humans.
C．To show the influence of climate change on Neanderthals.
D．To explain the cause of underestimating Neanderthals’ civilization.
D
Despite advances in technology, many companies still plan routes for their delivery vehicles the same way they did a decade ago. Managors create routes the day before, and then hand printouts to drivers to follow or import them into the hand-hold devices. But when drivers get stuck in traffic jams while on their rounds, they’re simply out of luck and behind schedule. The same thing happens if there’s a surprise snowstorm that makes roads impassable.
Wise Systems, a Boston start-up, is dealing with this age-old problem by pairing machine learning with data collected from drivers’ mobile phones. It deals with information like the driver’s driving speed and location with other details including traffic, weather, where the orders are being delivered, and when customers are available to receive their orders.
What emerges is a delivery journey that can be tweaked depending on any problems that come up. If the technology determines that a driver will miss a scheduled stop because of road closures, for example, it will change the schedule for the entire day. If that’s not possible, the driver will receive reminders on his or her mobile phone as a not-so-hidden clue to pick up the pace.
The goal of the technology is to create routes that allow drivers to work more quickly and effectively, which companies put more and more effort into now as they fight for customers who expect their orders almost immediately. By doing so, companies can save money by increasing the number of deliveries that drivers can make during shifts and make customers happier by raising the likelihood that their orders will arrive on time, or be delivered by the driver they prefer.
32．What is the author’s attitude towards the commonly used delivery routes
A．Confident. B．Uncertain. C．Negative. D．Approving.
33．What does the underlined word “tweaked” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Monitored. B．Stopped. C．Adjusted. D．Predicted.
34．What is becoming increasingly important for companies
A．Order volume. B．Customer satisfaction.
C．Decrease in costs. D．Increase in efficiency.
35．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To advise a company. B．To introduce a new technology.
C．To compare different route plans. D．To discuss problems with delivery.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Everyone wants to make an existing friendship stronger. If you regularly communicate and take proper steps to be a supportive friend, you can overcome any misunderstanding and maintain (保持) your friendship for the long run. ____36____
Text them regularly
When you see or experience something that reminds you of your friends, send them a text to let them know that you are thinking about them. ____37____ Ask them questions about how they are doing and if there’s anything interesting going on in their lives. Calling and texting are great ways to keep in touch, but spending time with the person is an even better way to grow a bond.
Offer your help when they need it
If you hear that your friends are going through a bard time or they seem down and depressed, ask them how they are doing. Give them a call or talk to them in person and ask them how you can help. Usually you can’t solve their problem. ____38____
____39____
Gift giving isn’t always necessary in a friendship. ____40____ Get gifts for your friends on special occasions, like their birthday and anniversary. You can also get gifts for your friends when they are going through a tough time.
Value your friendship and be there for your friends during their ups and downs.
A．Share unforgettable moments
B．Show your heart with occasional gifts
C．There are ways to strengthen your bond.
D．Call your friends when you have free time to talk.
E．No contact for a long time causes misunderstanding.
F．It will let your friend know that you’re thinking about them.
G．But you can still provide support by listening to what they are going through.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
As French author Andre Maurois once said, “Without a family, man, alone in the world, shakes with the cold. ” Indeed, families who give us love and ____41____ are an important part of our lives. But even in a loving family, ____42____ can’t be avoided.
One day, I was doing my homework and my sister ____43____. Busy with homework, I didn’t talk to her and just kept working: But when I took a ____44____, I turned my head to the place where my sister was sitting. ____45____, I found my notebook had a lot of messy drawings on it.
At that time, I was full of ____46____ and walked out of my room, shouting at my sister. “You are really a____47____and I hate you. ” Hearing the words, my sister ____48____ out crying and tried to explain her behavior. But I ____49____ since I didn’t want to hear a word from her. The ____50____ afterward lasted for a long time ____51____ us. To solve the problem, my father brought me to the living room and asked: “Have you noticed what the drawing is on your notebook ”
I shook my head. Then, under the ____52____of my father, I looked at it carefully, it ____53____, “Happy birthday”. At that moment, I knew how ____54____ I was. Though drawing on my notebook wasn’t right, my sister’s love and ____55____ were sincere. Feeling guilty, I said sorry to my sister. Instead of staying angry, she smiled back at me.
41．A．wisdom B．truth C．soul D．warmth
42．A．misunderstandingsB．expectationsC．competitions D．dislikes
43．A．left B．entered C．led D．met
44．A．test B．task C．text D．rest
45．A．Fortunately B．Disappointingly C．Shockingly D．Thankfully
46．A．anger B．hunger C．anxiety D．sadness
47．A．storyteller B．house-cleaner C．troublemaker D．performer
48．A．burst B．burnt C．bore D．beat
49．A．amused B．refused C．allowed D．turned
50．A．quarrel B．fight C．lecture D．silence
51．A．among B．within C．against D．between
52．A．requirement B．response C．reward D．judgement
53．A．spoke B．told C．said D．talked
54．A．inaccessible B．inconsiderate C．inactive D．invisible
55．A．extensions B．intentions C．awareness D．admission
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Shenzhou XIII taikonauts’ six-month stay at the Tiangong space station is wrapping up. Now they face one last test of their scientific and space travel skills—returning home safely. What needs to be done before leaving ____56____ space station in mid-April
Besides their personal ____57____(belong), astronauts also need to “pack” experimental data and samples, so they can be further researched on Earth. And they have to tidy up a large number of materials, ____58____(include) goods on the Tianzhou 3 cargo (货物) spacecraft.
Since the space station has no room service, the three astronauts need to “clean the house”____59____(they). The waste is then put into the orbital module, which burns as it re-enters Earth’s atmosphere.
They also have to put all equipment ____60____ place correctly since there will be a gap of more than one month ____61____ the astronauts of Shenzhou XIV enter the space station. The crew members need to make sure some items, such as gym equipment, ____62____(fix) to the walls to avoid floating and slipping.
Astronauts experience microgravity (微重力) for long periods of time during their stays on the space station, ____63____ has an effect on their bodies. This includes a loss of fluid, muscle atrophy as well as bone loss. ____64____(ensure) their safe and sound return, the three taikonauts have been doing physical exercises to train their muscle for the return to Earth. ____65____(base) on their in-orbit physical examinations and data, experts have customized (定制) exercise plans for each of them.
Just like a house that will be empty for a long time must have its water and power switched off, taikonauts need to check everything before they leave.
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
66．假定你是学生会主席李华，目前发现许多人忽视传统节日的传承，为此你决定向全校同学发起以“保护传统节日”为主题的倡议书，内容要点包括：
1.对待传统节日存在的问题；
2.保护传统节日的意义及行动；
3.提出倡议。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
67．阅读下面短文，根据所给其内容和所给的段落开头语续写成两段，使之构成一个完整的短文。
Boys like to be considered to be brave, but what kind of things can be considered to be brave It is not a question that can be answered by words, but by the actual deed. A boy with the name Henry gave us a good example. Ronny and Henry were two friends in the same class. One day as Ronny and Henry were going home after school, they saw some people fighting in the street comer. Ronny said excitedly, “Some people are fighting! Let’s go and have a look!” But Henry refused. “It’s none of our business. We’d better go home and don’t get close to them. Also our parents are expecting to have dinner with us together at home and I don’t want them to worry about me.”
“You are a coward, and afraid to go.” said Ronny, and off he ran to the spot with some other boys. Henry had to go home alone and didn’t think about it anymore. But Ronny thought Henry was a coward and told all the boys that. They laughed at him a great deal. From then on, they looked down upon Henry and didn’t want to play with him. Henry was sad but he wasn’t angry with Ronny for his rude behavior, because he had learned that true courage was shown most in bearing misunderstanding when it was not deserved, and that he ought to be afraid of nothing but doing wrong. Thus, he just ignored the other boys’ laughter.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
Paragraph 1: A few days later, something terrible happened to Ronny.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: At that moment, Henry happened to pass by.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
高一英语下第二次大单元考试答案
1—5 ACCBB 6—10 CCABC 11—15 CBCAB 16—20 CAAAB
21．A 22．B 23．D
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一个既有乐趣又有教育意义的场所——马里兰科学中心。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段“The ticket prices vary depending on ages, groups and the exhibits you choose.(票价因年龄、团体和展品不同而不同。)”可知父母和儿童的票价不一样，故选A项。
22．推理判断题。根据The Davis Planetarium(天文馆)中第二段的“The Live from the Sun show will teach you all about the hot sun.(The Live from the Sun将会告诉你关于太阳的一切。)”可知如果你想知道为什么太阳会发光，应该选择Live from the Sun.，故选B项。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段“For children, they can’t miss the Kids Room. They will be able to play in a water area, construct dams and water towers, push buttons, ring doorbells, build with blocks, and more, and definitely they will learn a lot. In addition, there is also an area for kids of two years old and under, where they can crawl, walk and explore safely with soft toys.(对于孩子们，不能错过的是儿童房。 他们可以在水域玩耍，建造水坝和水塔，按钮，环形门铃，用积木建造等等，当然，他们还会学到很多东西。 此外，还有一个供两岁及两岁以下儿童使用的区域，他们可以在其中使用毛绒玩具安全地爬行，行走和探索。)”可知The Kids Room是一个让孩子们既可以学习又可以玩耍的好地方。故选D项。
24．C 25．D 26．B 27．C
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项关于石器时代饮食习惯的研究，研究发现，该时代的饮食习惯有利于减少一些疾病发生的风险。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“While there, he found that people did not suffer from heart attacks, diabetes (糖尿病), being overweight and many other diseases common in western countries. (在那里，他发现那里的人没有心脏病发作、糖尿病、体重超重或许多其他西方国家常见的疾病)”可知，基塔瓦人没有西方国家常见的疾病。故选C项。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“At the end of three months, the group following the Mediterranean diet had reduced their blood sugar levels by a small amount but those following the Stone Age diet had much lower levels of sugar in their blood. (三个月后，遵循地中海饮食习惯的小组血糖水平略有下降，但遵循石器时代饮食习惯的小组血糖水平要低得多)”可知，遵循石器时代饮食习惯的人血糖水平低。故选D项。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句中的“The diet contains some meat, fish, vegetables and nuts (坚果) but it doesn’t contain any dairy products (乳制品) or grains, and there is no salt. (这种饮食包括一些肉、鱼、蔬菜和坚果，但不含任何乳制品或谷物，也不含盐)”可知，石器时代的饮食中没有盐。故选B项。
27．细节理解题。根据最后一段的第四句“Because of their poor health care, there is more chance of them dying at a young age. (由于他们的卫生保健水平落后，他们年轻时死亡的可能性更大)”可知，基塔瓦人寿命不长的原因在于卫生保健条件不好。故选C项。
28．C 29．C 30．B 31．D
这是一篇说明文。1949年，当考古学家检查Grotta dei Moscerini的一个洞穴时，他们发现了171件由蛤壳制成的工具。然而，当时还不清楚这些贝壳是从海滩上捡来的，还是从水中捡来的。如今研究团队最近重新研究了贝壳工具的收藏，并发现了新的细节，文章主要介绍了研究的发现和意义。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段中“At that time, however, it wasn’t clear whether the shells had been picked up from a beach or sourced alive from the water.(然而，当时还不清楚这些贝壳是从海滩上捡来的，还是从水中捡来的)”可知，考古学家不确定用这些贝壳是来制造工具的起源。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Villa and her colleagues concluded that diving for clams might have been a routine part of Neanderthal life in this region. Fishing and using coastal resources were thought to be unique behaviors to modern humans, but Neanderthals could perfectly do that.( Villa和她的同事得出结论，潜水寻找蛤蜊可能是这一地区尼安德特人生活的常规部分。捕鱼和利用沿海资源被认为是现代人特有的行为，但尼安德特人完全可以做到这一点)”可知，Paola和她的同事们关于尼安德特人的新发现是他们有能力利用海洋资源。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But it was no longer accessible because it was buried under rocks that were blown from the side of the hill during the construction of a coastal highway in the early 1970s.(但由于它被埋在20世纪70年代初修建沿海高速公路时从山的一侧吹来的岩石下，现在已无法进入)”可知，粗心的人类活动让Grotta dei Moscerini遗址难以恢复。故选B。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The prejudice against Neanderthal abilities may simply be due to a lack of widespread archaeological evidence. Unfortunately, the coastal sites that might help support the case of Neanderthal beach activities are hardly seen, and many are now underwater. During the time that Neanderthals and humans shared the planet, the climate was much colder and ice sheets stretched over larger parts of the European continent. But at the end of the last ice age, from about 19,000 to about 6,000 years ago, sea levels rose around the world by about 400 feet, swallowing the once campsites of prehistory on the shores of the ocean.(对尼安德特人能力的偏见可能只是由于缺乏广泛的考古证据。不幸的是，可能有助于证明尼安德特人在海滩上活动的沿海遗址几乎看不到，而且许多现在都在水下。在尼安德特人和人类共享地球的时期，气候更冷，冰盖覆盖了欧洲大陆的大部分地区。但在上一个冰河时代的末期，从大约19000年到大约6000年前，世界各地的海平面上升了大约400英尺，吞噬了海洋岸边曾经的史前露营地)”可推知，作者写最后一段的目的是解释低估尼安德特人文明的原因。故选D。
32．C 33．C 34．D 35．B
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了波士顿的一家初创公司Wise Systems正通过将机器学习与从司机手机收集的数据配对来解决原始配送路线存在的一些问题。介绍了这项技术的一些优势以及给公司带来的好处。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段中“But when drivers get stuck in traffic jams while on their rounds, they’re simply out of luck and behind schedule. The same thing happens if there’s a surprise snowstorm that makes roads impassable.(但是，当司机在开车时遇到交通堵塞时，他们只是运气不好，落后于计划。如果有一场突如其来的暴风雪使道路无法通行，也会发生同样的情况)”可推知，作者对常用的配送路线持消极态度。故选C。
33．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“depending on any problems that come up”以及第三段中“If the technology determines that a driver will miss a scheduled stop because of road closures, for example, it will change the schedule for the entire day.”可知，例如，如果该技术确定驾驶员将因道路封闭而错过预定的停车点，它将改变一整天的时间表，可见该交付过程可以根据出现的任何问题进行调整。故画线词意思是“调整”。故选C。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The goal of the technology is to create routes that allow drivers to work more quickly and effectively, which companies put more and more effort into now as they fight for customers who expect their orders almost immediately. By doing so, companies can save money by increasing the number of deliveries that drivers can make during shifts and make customers happier by raising the likelihood that their orders will arrive on time, or be delivered by the driver they prefer.(这项技术的目标是创建路线，使司机能够更快、更有效地工作，而现在，随着公司为那些几乎马上就能收到订单的客户而努力，他们也越来越努力。通过这样做，公司可以通过增加司机在轮班时可以交付的数量来节省资金，并通过提高订单准时到达或由他们喜欢的司机交付的可能性来让客户更开心)”可推知，提高效率对公司越来越重要。故选D。
35．推理判断题。根据第二段“Wise Systems, a Boston start-up, is dealing with this age-old problem by pairing machine learning with data collected from drivers’ mobile phones. It deals with information like the driver’s driving speed and location with other details including traffic, weather, where the orders are being delivered, and when customers are available to receive their orders. (波士顿的一家初创公司Wise Systems正通过将机器学习与从司机手机收集的数据配对来解决这一古老的问题。它处理诸如驾驶员行驶速度和位置等信息，以及其他详细信息，包括交通、天气、订单交付地点以及客户何时可以收到订单)”结合文章主要说明了波士顿的一家初创公司Wise Systems正通过将机器学习与从司机手机收集的数据配对来解决原始配送路线存在的一些问题。介绍了这项技术的一些优势以及给公司带来的好处。可推知，这篇文章的目的是介绍新技术。故选B。
36．C 37．D 38．G 39．B 40．F
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了可以克服误解并维持友谊的三种方法。
36．上文“If you regularly communicate and take proper steps to be a supportive friend, you can overcome any misunderstanding and maintain your friendship for the long run.(如果你经常沟通并采取适当措施成为一个给予帮助的朋友，你可以克服任何误解，并长期维持友谊。)”说明沟通和采取适当措施可以克服误解，长期维持友谊，C项“有很多方法可以加强你们之间的联系。”说明有很多可以采取的方法，符合题意，引出下文的措施。故选C。
37．下文“Calling and texting are great ways to keep in touch, but spending time with the person is an even better way to grow a bond.(打电话和发短信是保持联系的好方法，但花时间和对方在一起是增进联系的更好方法。)”说明打电话和发短信是保持联系的好方法，上文“When you see or experience something that reminds you of your friends, send them a text to let them know that you are thinking about them.(当你看到或经历一些让你想起朋友的事情时，给他们发一条短信，让他们知道你在想他们。)”说明可以采用发短信的方法，所以空处应介绍打电话这种方法，D项“有空的时候给你的朋友打电话。”符合题意。故选D。
38．上文“Give them a call or talk to them in person and ask them how you can help. Usually you can’t solve their problem. (给他们打个电话或亲自与他们交谈，问他们你能提供什么帮助。通常你无法解决他们的问题。)”说明要与朋友交谈，询问你能提供什么帮助，这样做通常无法解决他们的问题，G项“但你仍然可以通过倾听他们的经历来提供支持。”与上文形成转折关系，说明倾听可以提供帮助，符合题意。故选G。
39．下文“Gift giving isn’t always necessary in a friendship.(在友谊中，送礼并不总是必要的。)”说明在友谊中可以送礼物，但是送礼物不总是必要的，B项“偶尔送些礼物来表达你的心意”可以作为本段标题句，符合题意。故选B。
40．上文“Gift giving isn’t always necessary in a friendship.(在友谊中，送礼并不总是必要的。)”说明送礼物并不总是必要的，以及下文“Get gifts for your friends on special occasions, like their birthday and anniversary. You can also get gifts for your friends when they are going through a tough time.(在特殊场合，比如生日和周年纪念日，给朋友买礼物。当你的朋友正经历一段艰难时期时，你也可以给他们买礼物。)”说明可以在特殊场合送礼物给朋友，所以空处应说明送礼物是有益处的，F项“这会让你的朋友知道你在想他们。”符合题意。故选F。
41．D 42．A 43．B 44．D 45．C 46．A 47．C 48．A 49．B 50．D
51．D 52．A 53．C 54．B 55．B
这是一篇记叙文，本文通过作者和妹妹之间发生的小插曲说明家庭给人带来的温暖。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：的确，给予我们爱和温暖的家庭是我们生活中重要的一部分。A. wisdom智慧；B. truth真理；C. soul灵魂；D. warmth温暖。根据上文“Without a family, man, alone in the world, shakes with the cold.(没有家庭的人，孤独地生活在这个世界上，冷得发抖)”及本句中的“Indeed”可知，本句是同意上文的观点，家庭给我们爱和温暖。故选D项。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但即使在一个充满爱的家庭，误解也无法避免。A. misunderstandings误解，误会；B. expectations期待；C. competitions竞争，比赛；D. dislikes不喜欢，反感。下文的故事里作者就与妹妹发生了误会，所以此处指即使在有爱的家庭里，“误会”也是难免的。故选A项。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，我正在做作业，我妹妹进来了。A. left离开；B. entered进入；C. led引领，带路；D. met遇见。根据下文“Busy with homework, I didn’t talk to her and just kept working(忙于作业，我没有和她说话，只是继续写作业)”可知，作者在写作业时妹妹进来了。故选B项。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是当我休息的时候，我转过头去看我妹妹坐的地方。A. test测验，考试；B. task任务；C. text文本，正文；D. rest休息（时间）。上文提到作者忙于写作业，结合下文“I turned my head to the place where my sister was sitting”可知，由于作者忙于写作业没有理妹妹，只有在“休息”的时候才看向妹妹刚才待的地方。故选D项。
45．考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，我发现我的笔记本上有很多乱七八糟的图画。A. Fortunately幸运地；B. Disappointingly失望地；C. Shockingly 令人震惊地；D. Thankfully感激地。通过后面一句“I found my notebook had a lot of messy drawings on it”可知，作者的笔记本上被妹妹乱涂乱画，这件事令作者吃惊。故选C项。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时，我充满了愤怒，走出我的房间，对我的妹妹大喊大叫。A. anger愤怒；B. hunger饥饿；C. anxiety焦虑；D. sadness悲伤。根据“shouting at my sister”可知，此时的作者应该是充满了愤怒。故选A项。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你真是个惹麻烦的人，我讨厌你。A. storyteller讲故事的人；B. house-cleaner打扫房间的人；C. troublemaker惹麻烦的人；D. performer表演者。根据上文妹妹在作者的笔记本上乱涂乱画及空后“I hate you”可知，作者责骂妹妹是“惹麻烦的人”。故选C项。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：听到这些话，我妹妹大哭起来，试图解释她的行为。A. burst爆炸，突然出现，突然发生；B. burnt燃烧，烧坏；C. bore忍受；D. beat敲，击，击败。结合语境及“Hearing the words”可知，妹妹听到作者的话突然大哭起来，burst out crying突然大哭起来。故选A项。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我拒绝了，因为我不想听她说一个字。A. amused逗乐，逗笑；B. refused拒绝；C. allowed允许；D. turned翻转。根据“since I didn’t want to hear a word from her”可知，作者拒绝听妹妹解释。故选B项。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：之后我们之间沉默了很长时间。A. quarrel争吵；B. fight斗争，打斗；C. lecture讲座；D. silence沉默。根据语境可知，作者不想听妹妹的解释，于是两人之间有了长时间的“沉默”。故选D项。
51．考查介词词义辨析。句意：之后我们之间沉默了很长时间。A. among在……当中；B. within在……之内； C. against反对；D. between在……中间。此处指作者和妹妹之间，两人之间用介词between。故选D项。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，在爸爸的要求下，我仔细地看着它，它写着：“生日快乐”。A. requirement要求；B. response反应，响应；C. reward奖励，回报；D. judgement评价。结合语境可知，此处指在爸爸的“要求”下，作者认真地看了妹妹的画。故选A项。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，在爸爸的要求下，我仔细地看着它，它写着：“生日快乐”。A. spoke说，演讲；B. told告诉；C. said说；D. talked谈论。空后“Happy birthday”是画的内容，画上“说道，写道”都用say，其他选项没有此意。故选C项。
54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那一刻，我知道自己是多么不善解人意。A. inaccessible难到达的，难懂的；B. inconsiderate不体贴的，不善解人意的；C. inactive不活跃的；D. invisible不可见的。根据文章内容及下文“Though drawing on my notebook wasn’t right, my sister’s love and ____15____ were sincere.”可知，此时作者才意识到自己多么“不善解人意”。故选B项。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然在我的笔记本上画画不对，但我妹妹的爱和意图是真诚的。A. extensions延申，扩展；B. intentions意图，目的；C. awareness意识；D. admission承认，进入权。结合语境可知，虽然妹妹的做法不对，但其用意是真诚的。故选B项。
56．the57．belongings58．including59．themselves60．in61．before62．are fixed
63．which 64．To ensure 65．Based
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三位宇航员在离开中国空间站前需要做的事情。
56．考查冠词。句意：在4月中旬离开空间站之前需要做什么 此处特指中国的空间站，应用定冠词the修饰名词space。故填the。
57．考查名词。句意：除了个人物品，宇航员还需要“打包”实验数据和样本，以便在地球上进行进一步研究。空处应填名词作besides的宾语，belonging“所有物”符合题意，可数名词，常用复数形式。故填belongings。
58．考查介词。句意：他们必须整理大量的物资，包括天舟3号货运飞船上的货物。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处应填介词including，表示“包括”。故填including。
59．考查反身代词。句意：由于空间站没有客房服务，这三名宇航员需要自己“打扫房间”。结合句意表示“他们亲自”应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
60．考查介词。句意：他们还必须将所有设备正确地放置到位，因为神舟十四号的宇航员进入空间站之前将有一个多月的时间间隔。结合句意表达“在适当的位置”用in place。故填in。
61．考查连词。句意：他们还必须将所有设备正确地放置到位，因为神舟十四号的宇航员进入空间站之前将有一个多月的时间间隔。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处应用before“在……之前”引导时间状语从句，指“宇航员进入空间站之前一个多月”。故填before。
62．考查时态和语态。句意：工作人员需要确保一些物品，如健身器材，被固定在墙上，以避免漂浮和滑动。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，根据主句谓语动词need判断为一般现在时，主语items和fix之间为被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are fixed。
63．考查定语从句。句意：宇航员在空间站停留期间长时间处于微重力状态，这对他们的身体有影响。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为上文整个句子，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
64．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了确保他们的安全和健康返回，三名宇航员一直在进行体育锻炼，以训练他们的肌肉，以便返回地球。结合句意和句子结构可知，空处为目的状语，应用不定式。故填To ensure。
65．考查形容词作状语。句意：专家们根据在轨体检结果和数据，为他们制定了健身计划。be based on“以……为基础，基于……”，此处省略be用形容词作状语。故填Based。
66．Dear fellow students,
As we all know, western festivals are getting more and more popular while our traditional ones are gradually ignored. Faced with the urgent situation, it is time for us to take action to protect our traditional festivals.
First of all, awareness of protecting our festivals should be enhanced as they are absolutely part of our culture. Besides, there is no doubt that they are the essence of culture, reflecting the wisdom of our ancestors. Last but not least, in order to spread the popularity of traditional festivals, heated atmosphere should be created to attract more people to celebrate them willingly.
I sincerely call on every one of you to observe our traditional festivals proudly.
The Students Union
本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是学生会主席李华，目前发现许多人忽视传统节日的传承，为此你决定向全校同学发起以“保护传统节日”为主题的倡议书。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
本质：essence→nature
乐意：willingly→gladly
此外：besides→additionally
号召：call on→appeal to
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Last but not least, in order to spread the popularity of traditional festivals, heated atmosphere should be created to attract more people to celebrate them willingly.
拓展句：Last but not least, heated atmosphere should be created to attract more people to celebrate them willingly so that we can spread the popularity of traditional festivals.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] As we all know, western festivals are getting more and more popular while our traditional ones are gradually ignored. (运用了as引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Last but not least, in order to spread the popularity of traditional festivals, heated atmosphere should be created to attract more people to celebrate them willingly. (运用了不定式作目的状语)
67．Paragraph 1:
A few days later, something terrible happened to Ronny. That afternoon after school, Ronny was bathing with some of his new friends in the river happily. Suddenly, he was stuck in the mud and couldn’t get out. He struggled hard but he was still trapped. He screamed for help, but all in vain. The boys who had called Henry a coward got out of the water as fast as they could. They were so scared and did not even try to help him.
Paragraph 2:
At that moment, Henry happened to pass by. He heard the screams and ran to the river as soon as possible. Seeing Ronny was almost drowned, Henry took off his clothes immediately and jumped into the water without any hesitation. He reached Ronny just as he was sinking the last time. With great efforts, and with much danger to himself, he brought Ronny to the shore in time. Henry was happy to help his friend, though he was extremely tired.
【解析】
【导语】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了罗尼和亨利是同班同学也是好朋友。一天放学回家，罗尼看到有人在打架，想去看看，被亨利拒绝后，罗尼便和班上的其他几个人一起去了，最后在班上到处说亨利是懦夫。但是有一天，罗尼遇到了非常可怕的事情，这个时候，班上的其他小伙伴都因为害怕而弃他而去，只有亨利勇敢地站出来，帮助罗尼脱离了困境。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“几天后，罗尼身上发生了可怕的事情。”可知，第一段可描写罗尼遇到了什么样的困境，他的新伙伴们都是什么反应。
②由第二段首句内容“这时，亨利正好经过。”可知，第二段可描写亨利是如何不惧困难将罗尼最终救出困境的。
2.续写线索：罗尼和班上的新朋友在河里洗澡——陷进泥里拼命挣扎——新朋友们都非常害怕跑掉了——亨利经过——亨利脱下衣服跳进河里——救下罗尼
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.陷入：be stuck in / be caught in
②.大声叫：screamed / shriek / cry
③.脱掉：took off / peel off / strip off
情绪类
①.开心：happily / delightedly
②.害怕：scared / frightened
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. The boys who had called Henry a coward got out of the water as fast as they could.（运用了who引导的限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]. Seeing Ronny was almost drowned, Henry took off his clothes immediately and jumped into the water without any hesitation.（运用了现在分词短语作状语）
[高分句型3]. Henry was happy to help his friend, though he was extremely tired.（运用了though引导的让步状语从句）
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