七下 Unit 7--Unit 12 期末重点知识点复习学案

七下期末复习 unit 7-unit 12 重点知识点复习
Unit 7重点知识点
Section A
1.---How’ s the weather in Beijing ---It’s sunny.
解析：How’ s the weather… 是用来询问天气的常用句型，也可以用 what’s the weather like… 来表示。The weather in Shanghai 意为“上海的天气”而不是“天气在上海”.本句中的it 做主语指代“天气，气候”.Weather 意为“天气；气候”，是不可数名词。前边不能用a/an 来修饰。fine weather晴天cloudy weather阴天 weather forecast天气预报
It’s sunny.
Sunny 为形容词，意为“晴朗的”由名词sun 转化而来。表示天气的名词变成形容词的规律：
名词+后缀y : rain-rainy, snow-snowy, wind-windy
双写名词词尾+y: sun-sunny, fog-foggy
去掉名词的词尾e+y: ice-icy
3.---How’s it going ---Great!
句中的it 表示目前的状况。go 表示进展，此处相当于work, 指实物正在进行。How’s it going 是问候语，也可以说成：How’s everything going 它们都表示进来怎么样， 回答可以根据自身的情况。如：not bad 还不错, terrible 太糟糕了等等 问候语
How do you do (初次见面)
How are you (比较熟悉的人之间)
How’s everything (一切还好吧)
How are you doing (您工作还顺利吧)
How are you getting along with… (你近来可好)
4.Can I take a message for him
Take a message for sb.替某人捎个口信。而leave a message 是说话人留个口信或便条。如：
Would you please take a message for me 您能转达一下我的意思吗？
Would you please leave a message for me 你能留个言吗？
5.It’s raining.正在下雨。
rain (v.)下雨It often rains in summer.
扩展（1）rain 可做名词，意为“雨，雨水”a heavy rain 一场大雨 the rains 雨季
There is much rain here.这儿雨水很多。
表示下雨时可用rain 的不同形式
It’s rainy in Beijing.(rain的形容词形式rainy表示下雨的）
It’s raining in Beijing.(rain的现在分词形式表示下雨）
6.Sally is cooking .塞利正在做饭
cook 此处不及物动词“做饭”cook sb. Sth. =cook sth. for sb.
She often cooks us lunch. =She often cooks lunch for us.
Cook(n.)厨师My father is a good cook.
Cooker(n.)厨具The cooker is very expensive.
Cooking(n.)烹饪，做饭do some cooking 做饭
I am doing some cooking at home now.
7.sounds like you’re having a good time. 听起来好像你玩的很开心。
（1）本句是个省略句，相当于It sounds like“听起来像”后面接名词代词或句子。
It sounds like a good idea.
Sounds like he is all right now. 类似sound 的感官动词（look/feel/smell/taste)后，均可接介词like,然后带宾语。
（2）have a good time“玩得高兴，过得愉快”
同义句have fun /enjoy oneself等
They are having a good time .=They are having fun.=They are enjoying themselves.
8.Could you just tell him to call me back 你能叫他给我回个电话吗？
1)could you..... 你能....吗？用于委婉的提出请求。肯定回答为：1.sure/certainly/ of course当然可以。2.with pleasure. 很乐意3.no problem 没问题.否定回答为：sorry,I can’t.I....对不起我不能。我......
晚饭前一定要完成家庭作业。
tell sb (not) to do sth告诉某人做某事
Tell the children not to make noise.
tell sb. Sth.告诉某人某事 tell sb.about sth告诉某人关于某事
Tell me your telephone number,please.
Please tell me about his life.
call sb.back给某人回电话I will call you back.
back(n.)后背，后面，后部
Do you know the little boy on her back
back(adj)后面的There is a picture on the back wall.
Section B
dry干燥的。
dry此处为形容词，“干燥的；干的”作定语或表语；其反义词为humid,“潮湿的”。
Where are my dry clothes 我的干衣服在哪里？
It’s dry in the winter.冬天天气干燥
拓展dry可以做及物动词“使干燥；弄干”
Don’t cry .Dry your tears.别哭了，擦干眼泪。
dry可以做不及物动词“变干”
The wet clothes can soon dry in the sun.湿衣服在阳光下很快就会干。
2.I’m having a great time visiting my aunt in Canada.我正在加拿大看望我的姑妈，我玩的很开心。
1)have a good /great time doing sth愉快的做某事
We often have a great time playing basketball after school.
2)visit(v.)拜访，探望 visitor(n.)参观者，旅游真
visit sb.拜访某人 Visit +地点名词 参观某地
I want to visit Beijing.
I visit my grandparents every year at Christmas.
Visit 用作名词“访问，参观，拜访”
This is my first visit to China.
Canada专有名词“加拿大”
Canadian(n.)加拿大人Canadians speak English and French.
Canadian(adj.)加拿大的
3.I am also visiting some of my old friends.我也在拜访我的一些老朋友。
Some of ... “...中的一些”some of 做主语的时候，谓语动词的单复数形式与of 后面的名词或宾格代词的单复数保持一致。相类似的短语有（most of ...,all of ...,lots of...)
Some of them are happy.
Some of the water in the river is not clean.
3.It’s afternoon right now,and I am sitting by the pool and drinking orange juice.现在是下午，我正坐在泳池边喝着橙汁。
Sit(v.)坐--sitting(分词）
Please sit on the chair and have a cup of tea.
by介词“在...旁边”There is an old tree by the river.
by的其他用法
a.表示“用某种方法”He makes a living by teaching.
b.By oneself “独自的”I learn Chinese by myself.
c.表示时间“在...之前”we can finish the work by noon.
d.By+交通工具“乘坐..”I go to work by bike.
4.I want to call you but my phone isn’t working ,so I’m writing to you.我想给你打电话，但是电话坏了，所以我就给你写明信片了。
1)call sb 给某人打电话 call sb at..拨打..号码找某人
Call(n.)电话，通话He has to give a call to his mother.
Please call the police at 110.
3）work动词“运行，工作”用于否定句中，表示某一物件“坏掉了”
This pen doesn’t work.这只钢笔写不出字了。
write to sb“给某人写信”=write a letter to sb.
He writes to me every week.
one girl is skating on a river and a man is taking a photo of a snowman.
1）skate(v.)滑冰Let’s go skating after school.
Skate(n.)冰鞋（常用复数形式）Your skates look nice.
2）Take a photo拍照，照相=take photos
Take photos of sb./ sth. 给某人/某物拍照
They are taking photos of the pandas.
Unit 8 重点知识点
1. —Is there a bank near here
—Yes, there is / —No， there isn't。
解析1：这是一个there be 句型的一般疑问句。
肯定回答是：Yes, there is.
否定回答是：No,There isn’t.
解析2：辨析have/has 与there be之间的区别:
1). have/has 在解释为“有”的时候，他表示所属关系，指有生命的人或动物拥有什么。
2). There be 句型表示“某地有某物”，be动词的单复数形式取决于后面紧跟的名词的单复数，即主谓一致，采用就近原则。
2. The pay phone is across from the library.
解析：across from 是固定短语，译为“在....对面”后面接表示地点的名词或者代词。
辨析：across为介词，译为“横过” 而across from 译为“在....对面。
3. The pay phone is next to the library.
解析：next to 是固定短语，译为“紧挨着，在....旁边”，相当于beside/ close to
4. The pay phone is between the library and the post office.
解析 1：between...and 表示“在....和.....之间”它即可以表示时间，也可以表示空间。拓展：between后面接名词的复数，可以表示“两个同类人或者物之间”
5. The pay phone is in front of the library.
解析：in front of 通常指物体或人位于另外物体的外部或者前面
拓展：in the front of 指某个物体本身或范围之内的前部，译为“在.....的前部”
6. —Excuse me , where is the bank —It's next to the post office.
解析1：表示询问方向的基本句型是：首先在问路时，要说Excuse me ，表达客气的语气，然后再用以下的几种表达方法：
a) Where is .......
b) How can I get to.....
c) Can you tell me the way to .....
d) Which is the way to...
e) Is there _________ near here
f) Can you tell me how to get to ....
解析2：指引方向时，可根据具体情况具体回答，基本句型主要有：
a) Go/Walk along the road.
b) Take the second turning on the left/right=Turn left/right at the second turning.
c) It's about one hundred and fifty meters along on the right.
d) It's about fifteen minutes' walk from here.
e) Take the No. 3 bus on the left and get off at the third bus stop.
7. I like to spend time there on weekends.
解析1：spend的用法：
1）在使用spend时，主语只能是人
2）若表示“在....上花费（时间、金钱等）”，常用spend some money / some time on sth.
Eg: Lily spends two hours on her homework.
3 ). 若表示“花费（时间、金钱等）做某事”，则常用spend some money / some time （in) doing sth.
eg:Lily spends two hours doing her homework every day.
8. The zoo is on the right.
解析1：on the right译为“在右边”
在左边是：on the left.
在某人的左边：on one's left
在....的左边：on the left of.
9. 单词辨析：across\cross\through\over 四者都可译为“穿过”，但词性和用法不同.
（1）across是介词，表示从物体的表面穿过，即穿过一个平面
（2）cross是动词，相当于go across
（3）through是介词，指从物体的中间或里面穿过
（4）over是介词，译为“横过，越过”，表示从物体的上空越过，跨过
Unit 9重点知识点
1. 询问及描述某人的长相
1)询问长相 句型What+ do/does+ sb.+ look like
eg. What do you look like What does he look like？
2)描述长相
a.身高方面 He/She is tall/short/of medium height.
b.身材方面 He/She is thin/heavy/of medium build.
c.头发方面 He/She has long/short/curly /straight hair.
d.穿衣方面 He usually wears jeans, a T-shirt and sports shoes.
e.五官及其他 He/She has a big/small nose/mouth.
He/She has a long/round face.
He/She has big/small eyes and wears glasses.
2.straight
1)straight形容词，“直的”，可形容头发或其他事物。
She has long straight hair。
Draw a straight line with a ruler.
2)straight副词，“直接地，径直地”。
I have to go straight home.
3.tall
1)tall形容词，“高的”，可指人的身高，也可表示物体高大。其反义词为short.
a tall man a tall building a tall tree
2)high 多指山高，还可指物价、速度、温度等方面的高，其反义词为low. a high mountain high prices
4.medium height
1)medium形容词，“中等的”。
What size does he wear, small, medium or large
2）表示某人中等身高或中等身材时，其结构为sb.+be+of+medium height/build.
My chinese teacher is of medium height.
3)height 名词，意为“身高；高度”
What’s your height What’s the height of that wall
4)height可与in连用，常用于描述某人或某物有多高，其结构为sb./ sth.+ be+ meter(s)/foot(feet) in height.
He is two meters in height.=He is two meters tall.
5.heavy
1)形容词，“重的，沉重的；大量的；激烈的”
This bag is so heavy.
I hear his heavy steps on the stairs.
How heavy the rain is !
2)heavily副词，“密集地；大量地；沉重地”
It rains heavily.
6.What does he look like
look like 与be like 都有“看起来像”的意思，look like常指人的外观或外貌；be like常指人的性格、品质。
He looks like his father.
What’s he like -He is very friendly.
7. tonight
tonight此处作副词，“在今晚，在今夜”；还可作名词，“今晚”。 Are you free tonight
I must go home to listen to tonight’s radio news.
8. may
1)may情态动词，“也许；可能”表示推测，后接动词原形表推测。It may be in your bag. She may know.
2）“可以”，表示得到允许，May I know your name
3)maybe , “也许”. 副词，同义词是perhaps.
Maybe he is a teacher.
9.a little
1)a little“有点儿”，相当于a bit,修饰形容词或副词. It’s a little/bit hot today.
2)a little 还可修饰不可数名词，“一点儿”；little意为“几乎没有”；a few意为“几个，一些”，few意为“几乎没有”， a few, few用于修饰可数名词。
There is a little milk in the glass.
There is little water in the glass.
She has a few apples. She has few apples.
10. glasses
1)glasses“眼镜” 常用复数形式，
“一副眼镜”a pair of glasses
His grandfather always wears a pair of glasses.
2)glass“玻璃”，为不可数名词。
Be careful of the glass.
3)glass “玻璃杯；一杯（的量）”，为可数名词，其复数为glasses.
I need a glass. Please give me a glass of water.
There are two glasses of water on the table.
11.person
1)person,可数名词“人”，复数为persons.
There is only one person in the room.
2)person形容词为personal,“私人的，个人的”
This is a personal car.
person 意为“人”时，着重指个人。作可数名词，常指有个性的、特定的人
people 意为“人们”时，着重指全体，作集体名词，表复数概念
There are three persons in their team.
There are many people at the party.
12. put
1)put为及物动词，“把…放在；摆；搁；安置”，
a. put+名词/代词+介词短语
b. put+名词/代词+副词
Please put the book on the desk.
Put the chair here, please.
2)put的相关短语：put on穿上（衣服）
put away放好，把…收起来 put up举起；张贴；搭建 put down放下，写下
13. each
1)each形容词，“每个”，修饰单数可数名词。
Each student has a dictionary.
2)each代词，“每个；各个”，可单独作主语，也可后接“of+复数名词/代词”作主语，
Each of them has a new book.
They each want to get the ball.
each 形容词 指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”，侧重个体
代词 可作主语或宾语，后可接介词of
every 形容词 指三者或三者以上范围中的“每一个”，侧重总体，不能单独使用
Each of the students has a new bike.
=Each student has a new bike. Every student is here.
14. differently
1)differently副词，“不同地；有区别地”，相当于in different ways,常用来修饰谓语动词或句子，其形容词为different, “不同的”，反义词为same“相同的”.
He thinks differently, he has a different idea.
2)be different from 与…不同 A is different from B.
3)difference 名词“不同”,复数differences.
There are many differences between living in a big city and living in the country.
15.way
1)way可数名词，“方式；方法”，常与介词in连用。如果way 前有this, that等限定词，介词in可省略；但如果放在句首，介词in则不可省略。
The little cat catches fish in this way.
What is another way of saying TV
2)way 名词，“路线，路”。
Can you tell me the way to the bank
3)与way 相关的短语：by the way顺便说一下，
in the way挡道，on the way在路上
16.another
1）another形容词或代词，泛指同类事物中三者或三者以上中的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。
Would you like another drink
I don’t like this one. Please show me another.
2)one…another表示不定数目中的“一个…另一个…”;表示两者中“一个…另一个…”用one…the other…
I have two sons. One is a doctor; the other is a teacher.
3)another可与基数词及复数名词连用，即“another+基数词+可数名词复数”，意为“再有几个…;还有几个…”,相当于“基数词+more+可数名词复数”。
I need another two books.=I need two more books.
17.in the end
1)in the end“最后；终于”，介词短语作状语，相当于at last或finally,其反义短语为at first. end 此处作名词，意为“结尾；尽头”。
You can always tell the differences in the end.
2)at the end of 意为“在…的尽头/末尾”。
The cinema is at the end of this street.
3)ending,名词“结尾”This story has a happy ending.
Unit 10重点知识点
1. would like“想要”，相当于want, 用法亦同want，但比want委婉。
1）want/would like sth. 想要某物
I’d like some noodles
2)want/would like to do sth. 想要做某事
I’d like to play the piano
3)want/would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
I would like him to help me.
4)What would sb. like 某人想要什么？
What would they like They would like some noodles.
5）What would sb. like to do 某人想要做什么？
What would they like to have They would like to have some noodles.
6）would you like sth. 你想要某物吗？（委婉地询问对方的要求时的用语）
肯定回答：Yes, please.
否定回答：No, thanks.
Would you like some more food
Yes, please.
No, thanks.
7) Would you like to do sth？你想要/愿意做某事吗？（向对方有礼貌地提出建议或邀请）
肯定回答：Yes, I’d like/love to. 是的，我愿意。
否定回答：Sorry, + 原因。
Would you like to go shopping with us 你想要/愿意和我们一起去购物吗？
Yes, I’d like/love to. 是的，我愿意。
Sorry, I have a lot of homework to do.
2. noodle “面条”，可数名词，复数noodles
3.What kind of….would you like 你想要哪种……？
What kind of noodles would you like Beef and tomato noodles, please.
4. kind
1)种类 ①a kind of．．．．一种．．．．．．②many kinds of．．．．多种．．．．．③all kinds of．．．．各种各样的．．．．．．
2)仁慈的，和蔼的，好意的，友爱的
①He is a kind man.
②He is kind to everyone.
③It’s very kind of you to help me.
3)kind of + adj/adv 稍微/有几分……(相当于a little) He is kind of /a little shy.
5.special
1) n. 特色/价商品，可数名词。
2）adj. 特殊的，特别的，专门的
Today is a special day.
6. What size…..“多大……”
①What size bowl of noodles would he like He’d like a small/medium/large bowl of noodles.
②What size shoes do you wear
7. fish 鱼；鱼肉
1）指多少条“鱼”，为可数名词。复数：fish或fishes，通常用复数fish.
2) 指多少种“鱼”， 为可数名词。复数： fishes
3）指“鱼肉”，为不可数名词。There’re hundreds of fish in the pool. 在这水池里有几百条鱼。
There’re all kinds of fishes in the lake. Help yourself to some fish.
8. 英语中表示食物的一些词的特殊用法
1）beef, fish, chicken, pork, meat, mutton等表示肉类的食物，是不可数名词。
2）vegetable蔬菜，可数名词
3）fruit, salad, ice cream, food等指总称时是不可数名词，指种类时是可数名词。
4）cabbage, onion, fish, chicken指食物时是不可数名词，指植物和活着的“鱼”“鸡”时是可数名词。
9.some和any的用法
some和any 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词, some常用在肯定句中, 而any则常用在否定和疑问句中。所以, some 和 any 的区别在于: some和any 的用法主要是考虑用在肯定句、疑问句还是否定句中, 与名词的可数与否无关。
some的用法: some意为“一些”，可作形容词和代词。它常修饰可数名词复数。
如：some books 一些书， some boys 一些男孩，
也可修饰不可数名词：
some water 一些水，some tea 一些茶叶
any的用法: any意为“任何一些”，它也
可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，常
用于疑问句和否定句。
I can’t see any tea.
Do you have any friends at school
但在表示建议，反问，请求的疑问句中，或
期望得到肯定回答时，多用some而不用any。
如：Would you like some coffee
How about some fruit juice
当any表示“任何”的意义，起强调作用时，
它可以用在肯定句中；
如：Any student can answer this question.
任何学生都可以回答这个问题。
10.the number of和a number of的用法：
（1）the number of+名词复数，意为“...的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式；
The number of the studends in our class is 45。（2）a number of+名词复数，意为“许多的...”，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式；
A large number of studends can speak English。
Unit 11 重点知识点
Section A
1. How was your trip yesterday
（1）本句为询问某事情况的常用句型，其中was是be动词的过去式，如果询问当前的情况则be动词用is。其答语常用：It was great! (好极了) / It was OK.（还可以）/ It wasn’t good.（不好。）/ All right.（很好。）/ It was not bad.（还不错。）等。How + be+… 相当于 What + be +… + like 例如：
－How was her holiday？－It was not bad.
（2）How是疑问副词，意为“如何，怎样”，常用来引导特殊疑问句来询问方式、程度、状况等。常用于以下交际用语中：
1）How is/are +sb. 用来询问人的身体、工作、学习或生活等的状况。例如：
－How are you －Fine, thank you.
How is/are +sth. 用来询问某物或者某事的状况如何。例如：How is your work
3）How do you do 并不表示疑问，是第一次见面时的问候语，回答仍用此句。例如：
How do you do ---How do you do
4）How is it going / How is everything going 用来询问事情进展如何。例如：
How is it going Very well./ Not too bad./just so so.
2. feed chicken
feed 作及物动词，意为“喂养，饲养”，其后常接表示动物名称的词作宾语。例如：
My father’s job is to feed the animals.
拓展：（1）feed..to…意为“把……喂给……吃”。feed后接饲料或者食物名称做宾语，to为介词，其后一般接动物或者小孩等名词表示对象。
例如： Please feed some grass to the cow.
She fed milk to the baby.
（2）feed 可以做不及物动词，意为“食，吃”（主要指动物），与介词on构成词组，意为“以……为食，靠……为生”。例如：
Sheep feed on grass.
3.Did you see any cows Yes, I did. I saw quite a lot.
1)该句子是一般过去时态的一般疑问句，其结构为“did+主语+动词原形+其他成分？肯定回答：Yes, 主语+did。
否定回答：No，主语+didn’t.
Did you do your homework yesterday
Yes, I did. /No,I didn’t.
2）quite a lot “许多”若后面接名词则用quite a lot of.
She is very young ,but she knows quite a lot.
I have quite a lot of work to do .
quite / very
quite语气比very弱，常用于“quite a/an +可数名词单数的结构中。
It’s quite a good idea.
very语气比quite强，多用于褒义形容词前，常用于“a very+可数名词单数”结构中.
Li Ming is a very good student.
4.Did you learn anything
anything 不定代词，意为“任何事情，任何东西”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，在肯定句中常用something。something, anything作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
例如： I can’t see anything in the box.
Is there anything in the box 盒子里有一些东西吗？
拓展：1）在表示请求或征求意见的疑问句中常用something不用anything。
Would you like something to drink
形容词修饰不定代词something，anything时，形容词后置。
Did you hear anything interesting there
5.The farmer showed Carol around the farm.
Show sb around ...“带领某人参观”
Uncle Wang showed us around his farm.
拓展：1)show“给某人看，出示，显示”
show sb. sth.或show sth. to sb.
Please show me that coat =Please show that coat to me.
意为“说明；表明；指示”
Your homework shows that you are very careful.
6.It was so much fun.那真是很好玩的。
so much 意为“如此多；这么多”修饰不可数名词或动词。
There was so much noise in the classroom.
You talked so much.
拓展：so many“如此多；这么多”修饰可数名词复数。
He had so many friends in the city.
fun此处为不可数名词，“乐趣；开心；有趣的人或事”，前面常用great,much,a lot of等修饰，用来加强语气。
He is great fun,and his dog is great fun ,too.
Skating is great fun.
拓展：have fun 意为“玩的开心”相当于“have a good time”
My grandpa often has much fun in the park.
we worried it would rain.我们担心将会下雨。
本句为含有宾语从句的主从复合句。主句中的worried过去时态，从句中的would为will的过去式。在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句的时态为一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态。
拓展：当宾语从句表示客观真理或事实时，即使主句为一般过去时态，从句也要用一般现在时态。
The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east .
2）worry “担心；担忧”后面接宾语从句。
The teacher worried that these problems might be hard for her students.
拓展：worry 作动词“使担心；使发愁”，常接sb.作宾语。
Nothing worries me .
The boy worried his mother.
3）worried形容词“担心的；焦虑的”be worried about...意为“担心...”
I am really worried about my sister.
Then the guide taught us how to make a model robot.
1）guide 可数名词，此处表示人“导游；向导”还可表示事物“指南；入门书”
The guide showed us around the museum.
I am reading A Guide to English Grammar.
拓展：guide作动词“带领；引导”
She guided her students across the road.
2）How to make a model robot 为“疑问句+动词不定式”结构。在此结构中的疑问词what,which,who,whose 和疑问副词when,where,how等。
I don’t know how to spell the word.
The main problem is how to finish the work on time.
All in all,it was an exciting day.总之这是令人兴奋的一天。
All in all 意为“总的说来”，常用于句首。
All in all, we had a good time.
In all 意为“总共；合计”可位于句首，也可位于句末。There are thirty students in all.
At all 意为“根本”，常用于否定句，not ...at all意为“根本不”。
He doesn’t like apples at all.
10.Everything was about robots and I am not interested in that .一切都是关于机器人的，我对那方面不感兴趣。
everything不定代词，“所有事物，一切”，不定代词作主语时候，谓语动词用单数。
I hope everything goes well.
be interested in sth. 对某事物感兴趣
be interested in doing sth.对做某事物感兴趣
I am interested in the film.我对这部电影感兴趣。
He is interested in playing football.他对踢足球感兴趣。
11.There were also too many people and I couldn’t really see or hear the guide.
hear此处意为“听到；听见”，过去式为heard。
I heard a strange noise in the middle of the night .
拓展：hear sb. do sth. 表示“听见某人做了某事或经常做某事”hear sb. doing sth. 表示“听见某人正在做某事”
I often hear the young man sing in the next room.
I heard them laughing when I passed his house.
Unit 12 重点知识点
1. lake n. “湖； 湖泊”
Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake. 杭州以西湖而闻名。
派生词：lake+side=lakeside n. 湖边；by the lake 在湖边
They are taking a walk by the lake. 他们在湖边散步。
2. sheep n. “羊； 绵羊”单复数一致。相似的词还有：deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese等，它们作主
语时谓语动词的单复数要视它们在句子中的意义来决定。
He keeps a lot of sheep. 他养了很多羊。
Many deer are coming towards us. 许多鹿朝着我们跑过来了。
3. as prep. &adv. “作为； 当作”后跟名词作宾语
In China we learn English as a foreign language. 在中国我们把英语作为一门外语来学。
① as conj. “如……的； 照着； 正如； 像……一样”
As we all know, Yao Ming is a very popular basketball player.
正如我们所知道的，姚明是一位很受欢迎的篮球队员。
② as adv. “以……的方式； 如同……那样”
You are as tall as your father. 你和你父亲一样高。
③ as 作连词，意为“因为； 由于； 既然”引导原因状语从句。
She may need some help as she’s new. 她是新来的，可能需要一些帮助。
④ as soon as “一……就……”
As soon as I get to Beijing ,I’ll write to you. 我一到北京，就给你写信。
4. natural adj. “自然的，天生的”
I like everything natural. 我喜欢一切自然的东西
nature 是名词，意为“自然； 大自然”
They like to be in nature. 他们喜欢到大自然中去。
5. tired adj. “疲倦的，疲劳的”主语是人的名词或代词，作表语。
You must be very tired after such a long journey. 经过长时间的旅行，你一定很疲倦了。
“引起疲劳的，累人的”其主语为表示事物的名词，常作表语或定语。
Looking after the kids is extremely tiring. 照看孩子令人极为疲劳。
The work is tiring and I am tired now. 这个工作很累人，现在我很疲劳。
【固定搭配】
be tired of ( doing) sth. 厌烦（做）某事； be tired from sth. 因某事而疲乏。
6. stay v. “停留； 待”经常和介词at一起连用，面接地点，和介词with连用，后面经常接人作宾语。
I like to stay at home alone on weekends. 我喜欢在周末一个人呆在家里。
He would like to stay with us. 他愿意和我们待在一起。
① stay up “深夜不睡，熬夜”
She likes to stay up to watch soccer games. 他喜欢熬夜看足球比赛。
② stay healthy “保持健康”
It is important for us to stay healthy. 保持健康对我们来说是重要的。
7. away adv. “离开； 远离”
I don’t like going away for too long. 我不喜欢离开太久。
【固定搭配】
run away 逃跑；跑开；run away from 从……地方逃走；far away 很远
The young man ran away when he saw a big bear. 那个年轻人看到一只大熊就逃跑了。
The boy ran away from the back door. 这男孩从后门逃跑了。
She lives far away. 她住的很远。
8. shout v. “叫喊； 呼叫”
If you know the answer, shout it out! 如果你知道答案，大声说出来！
They shout to each other. 他们彼此大声叫喊。
9. language n. “语言”
What language does your pen pal speak 你的笔友讲什么语言？
foreign language 外语；spoken language 口语；written language 书面语
10. fly v. “飞” 过去式为 flew , fly to “飞往（某地）”
An insect flew into my eyes. 一个虫子飞进我的眼里
① 还可以用作及物动词，意为“放（风筝或飞机模型等）”。
Do you like to fly a kite 你喜欢放风筝吗？
② fly 用现在进行时表示将来时
I am flying to Beijing tomorrow. 明天我将飞往北京
11. high adj. & adv. “高的（地）”
① adj. 高的 He lives in a high building. 他住在一栋高楼里。
② adv. 高地 The plane flies high above. 飞机飞得很高。
12. ago adv. “以前”是一般过去时的标志词
He joined the army two years ago. 他两年前参了军
13. put up “搭起； 举起； 抬起； 张贴”
Please put up your hands if you have any questions. 谁要有问题就请举手。
I want to put up a fence between our house and our neighbor’s.
我想在我们的房子和邻居的之间修建篱笆。
They put up a notice here.他们在这儿张贴了一张通知。
14. surprise n. & v. “惊奇； 惊讶”
She got a surprise when she received the gift. 当她收到礼物时，她很惊讶。
You always surprise me！ 你总是让我惊讶！
① surprised adj. “感到惊讶的”主语多是人，在句中做多做表语，后面可接不定式或从句
I was surprised that he remembered my birthday. 我很惊讶他记得我的生日。
② surprising adj. “使人惊奇的； 令人吃惊的”在句中做表语或定语，主语一般是表示“物”的名词
The surprising story didn’t make everyone surprised. 这个令人震惊的故事并没有让所有人感到奇。