2024年中考英语专题复习----周围的环境（无答案）

周围的环境 (Personal environment) (9) 房屋与住所 (Kinds of homes) (10) 居室 (Rooms in homes) (11) 家具和家庭用品 (Furniture & household items) (12) 社区 (Community) 七下M4 Life in the future 七下M6 Around town 八上M2 My home town and my country 九下M3 Life now and then
世界与环境(The world and the environment） (74) 国家与民族 (Countries and nationalities) (75) 环境保护 (Environmental protection) (76) 人口 (Population) 八上M9 Population 九上M12 Save our world
Part 1 与本话题相关的核心词汇与短语
环境问题 environment industry rubbish pollute plastic spread endangered waste water factory farm dirty waste cause spread over in recent years in the past situation environmental problem throw away be worried about heavy rain sea level cut down be harmful to trouble noise litter natural destroy wild air/water/noise pollution in the future
环境保护 energy collect reduce save government improve recycle used environment-friendly pull together make a difference to come up with with this method as much/many as possible take action clean up divide...into... take out the rubbish take steps/measures make contribution to call on protect...from/against solve the problem policy protect reuse green switch off pay attention to take care of clear out
周围环境 介绍 along past the way to get to=arrive at/in=reach get off/on in the east/west/north/south of on the east/west/north/south of across opposite take a/an/the+交通工具 near=next to on the coast to the east/west/north/south of through over there in the middle of on one’s left/right the population of
Part 2 与本话题相关的核心句子、篇章及写作
一、汉译英
1.在未来，天气的改变并不意味着衣服的改变。
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2.海平面也会上升。
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3.也许在空中会有交通堵塞。
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4.当车的数量加倍时，污染也会加倍，甚至更糟糕。
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5.当人口增长过快时，它会导致许多问题，例如：太多的交通（堵塞）和噪音。
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6.交通状况总是很糟糕，更不用说空气污染了。
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7.也将会有更多当地的医院来满足增长的人口的需要。
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8.污染是我们的大敌，我们要与之斗争。
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9.在一些地方，来自工厂的污染蔓延至城市和村庄。
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10.我们需要一个健康的环境，但是我们每天产生太多的废弃物。
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11.当你不需要灯的时候，关掉他们。
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12.不要浪费东西，尽可能长时间使用物品，把物品改成其他的东西来重新使用。
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13.把你的垃圾分类为：玻璃，塑料，纸和橡胶。
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二、完型填空
The environment is everything around us in the natural world. It is the earth, the air, rivers, lakes, forests and seas. These are 1 human beings depend on for a living.
All natural waste is 2 . Animal waste and dead bodies are broken down by small creatures, like those worms in the soil. This is their 3 . The carbon dioxide that people and animals breathe（呼吸）out is used by plants to breathe and help them 4 . Plants give out oxygen which people and animals need to breathe in. Plants 5 water through their roots. They pass it out through their leaves 6 moisture（水分）. This moisture, together with water vapour coming from rivers and seas, rises and turns into water droplets and forms clouds. Larger water droplets then fall down in the form of 7 . In this way, the water goes 8 to the earth, rivers and seas to be used again.
However, humans have made a lot of changes to the earth. The technology and industry have made life 9 , but they also produce a lot of new waste. Nature finds this new waste hard or 10 to recycle. Man shall deal with this problem before it is too late.
1．A．how B．what C．which D．where
2．A．avoided B．allowed C．reduced D．recycled
3．A．food B．hobby C．method D．support
4．A．grow B．continue C．progress D．increase
5．A．put away B．give off C．take up D．hold on
6．A．like B．with C．in D．as
7．A．wind B．rain C．storm D．shower
8．A．forward B．about C．back D．away
9．A．slower B．easier C．heavier D．cheaper
10．A．helpful B．valuable C．impossible D．unnecessary
三、语法填空
A
Most new babies 11._____(be) born in the developing countries. These countries are 12.______(find) in Africa, South America and parts of Asia. In the developed countries of Europe and North America, the population(人口) is growing very 13._______(slow). This is 14.______(连词) women in these countries have, on average (平均), only one or two 15.______(child). In the developing countries, many women have five or more children. In 1950, about one quarter of the world's population lived in the developed countries. By 2050, these countries will be home to only about one 16.________(ten) of the world's people.
In the developing countries, more than one billion people are still 17._______(live) below the poverty(贫困) line. These people do not have enough food to eat and they live in poor housing conditions. Children get little time at school and suffer 18._______(介词) many kinds of diseases.
At the 19.________(begin) of the 21st century, the world's population was around six 20.______(billion). The U. N. has said that the world's population will level off (平稳下降) at 12. 5 billion by the year 2100. Other groups think the world's population will continue to grow, reaching 14 billion before it becomes stable (稳定的), or even falls.
B
London, 21._____(冠词) capital of the UK, 22.______(have) a population of over 9 million. From about the year 1800 until World War Ⅱ, London was the 23.______(big)city in the world. But now there are many cities which are much bigger than it.
London is famous 24._____(介词)many things. 25.______(tour) come from all over the world to visit its famous buildings, enjoy its beautiful scenery and hear the famous clock, Big Ben.
Like many big cities, London has problems with 26.______(traffic) and pollution which stop the city from 27._______(develop).Over one 28._______(million) people a day use the London underground, but there are still too many cars on the streets. The air isn't clean, but it is anyhow 29._______(clean) than it was 100 years ago.
For me, the best things about London are the parks. There are five in the city centre.
30.______(连词) my children's favourite place is Hamleys, the biggest toy shop in the world.
四、阅读理解
A
The human population on the earth grows larger each year. As a result, more and more food needs to be produced in order to feed everyone. Because of climate(气候) change, this task is becoming even more difficult.
In the past, when farmers tried to grow more food, they would use methods that weren't always healthy for the environment.
To solve this problem, some scientists carried out a research project. They spent several years talking to farmers. They wanted to see what problems farmers were having and how these problems could be solved. This led to the creation of special robots. These robots move around on farms and collect much information about plants. They can take pictures of plants and check each plant's growth.
In the past, though farmers did have information about the environment and the weather, they didn't have the time or ability to check each plant. Now, with these robots, they can.
By collecting more information about plants, scientists believe that computers can help farmers know how their plants will grow. For example, if robots can find which plants are ill, farmers can quickly take them away before they are able to hurt other plants. The information will also allow farmers to only fertilize and water the plants in need. And then they can be much stronger and healthier. So studying each plant could end up saving time and money.
(　　)31. What makes the task of producing more food become more difficult
A. Farm workers. B. Research projects.
C. Climate change. D. Population growth.
(　　)32. What special ability do the robots in the text have
A. To check each plant. B. To tell the weather.
C. To take pictures of farmers. D. To take away plants.
(　　)33. What does the underlined word “fertilize” in the text probably mean
A. 收割 B. 施肥 C. 排列 D. 降温
(　　)34. Where does the text probably come from
A. A film website. B. A history book.
C. A tourist guide. D. A science magazine.
B
With the development of the economy, the problem of the left behind children(留守儿童)has become a serious social problem. More and more people believe we should do something to help them.
The biggest problem is that the children are all looking forward to the love from their parents. Many of them can just get a call or a letter from their parents half a year or several years. So some children still can't remember what their parents look like. When they meet their own troubles, they have no one to talk with. Nobody can give them enough care.
Because of being too far away from their parents, the study of the left behind children is the second biggest problem. From a report about their study, only 2% of the children get good results, while 10% get common results and 88% get poor ones. What a pity!
There are also many other problems of the left behind children, such as having no ability(能力)to protect themselves, unhealthy lifestyles, spending too much pocket money and too much time on the Internet and so on.
In a word, to solve all the problems of the left behind children needs the government, families and schools to try their best together.
(　　)35. Which is the most serious problem of the left behind children according to the passage
A. They don't study well. B. They don't love their parents.
C. They are crazy about the Internet. D. They can't get enough love from their parents.
(　　)36. Many people think ________.
A. the left behind children receive much love
B. the government and families should do their best
C. we should do something to help the left behind children
D. the parents of the left behind children don't care about them
(　　)37. What is the best title of the passage
A. The left behind children B. A serious social problem
C. How to help the left behind children D. The problems of the left behind children
C
The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics were a great success. China kept the promise to hold green Olympics. Many green actions made them possible, like providing environmentally friendly smart beds, using new energy(能源)cars with 100% clean energy and reusing rain and snow water.
Take making ice as an example. China didn't use common material to make ice because it isn't friendly enough to the environment. Through 18 months' hard work, China independently developed the CO2 direct cooling technology(技术).
Among all the 15 ice sporting places in the Winter Olympics, 7 used the CO2 direct cooling technology to make ice. As a result, they caused much less pollution.
Beijing did so much more to save energy. Beijing built the new sporting places with green materials. As for the old ones, Beijing used new glass walls to take the place of traditional walls to let more natural light in. We also reused 70% of the waste heat to keep warm and dry. And we used a large number of new energy cars at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics were the first to truly realize green Winter Olympics, and they set new standards(标准) in green technologies. Some newspapers said China had set an example for the world in environmental protection and green development.
(　　)38. How long did it take China to develop the CO2 direct cooling technology
A. 18 months. B. 100 weeks.
C. 15 days. D. 7 years.
(　　)39. According to the passage, we can infer(推断)that ________.
A. all the buildings will be built with glass walls in the near future
B. the CO2 direct cooling technology may be widely used in the world
C. the high pressure liquid CO will totally take the place of R507 soon
D. no new standards in green technologies may be set after the Olympics
(　　)40. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A. A New Green Ice making Technology
B. Green Technologies Used in Sports
C. A Shared Future of Green Development
D. The Green Beijing Winter Olympics
五、写作
每年的6月5日是世界环境日，我国2024年世界环境日以“全面推进美丽中国建设”为主题，旨在深入学习宣传贯彻习近平生态文明思想，引导全社会牢固树立和践行绿水青山就是金山银山的理念，动员社会各界积极投身建设美丽中国、实现人与自然和谐共生的现代化的伟大实践。请按照以下提示，以“Protect Our Environment in Daily Life”为题，写一篇90词左右的倡议书。要求必须用到表格中的所有信息，对省略的信息进行适当补充，语句通顺，书写规范。
采取行动 (action) 节省资源 (save resources) 1. 节省纸张：...... 2. 节约用水：...... 3. 节约用电：...... 4. 节省木材：not use one-off (一次性的) paper cups or chopsticks
减少污染 (reduce pollution) 1. 保护树木花草 2. 绿色出行：...... 3. 垃圾分类：......
提出希望 (hopes) ……
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一、汉译英
1.那边有一家大的书店，就沿着这条街，在路的右边，银行对面。
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2.穿过街道，沿着这条街走，在路左侧的第三条街道左转。
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3.它在康河（the River Cam）河畔，有大约120,000的人口。
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4.学生们和游客们喜欢沿河乘船旅游。
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5.海岸上的小村庄和沙滩在假期很受欢迎。
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6.在过去，我们住在一间小房子里。（当时）没有电灯，只有蜡烛。
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7.我们每年只能吃一两次肉。
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8.如今交通和旅游更加容易。
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9.一般来说，我认为如今的生活更好。
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二、完型填空
A
Richard was born in California. He　1　 with three older sisters and they had a happy life. There was food on the table and he had plenty of clothes too. They went to good schools in the city. All this was　2　 because of their father Michael.
Michael was born in a 　3　 family in a small town just outside Mexico City. When Michael was a boy, there was not enough food for him to eat, or fresh water to drink. Whenever he was thirsty, he would go to the river to collect　4　. Michael lived in a small house. Many times he slept on the　5　, with just a blanket between him and the ground.
That all changed at the age of 17. Michael　6　 to the United States with his family. The first few years were almost as difficult as it was in Mexico, but　7　 things began getting better.
When Michael turned 19, he decided to go to a community college. His father had always stressed(强调) the　8　 of learning English while they lived in Mexico. That was very useful to Michael now. Soon Michael brought home excellent report cards(成绩报告单). 　9　 this, he was able to go to university.
After graduating from the university, Michael got a great job that　10　 well, which allowed him to help his parents. He soon had a happy big family of his own.
11.A. stood up B. grew up C. lived up D. cut up
12.A. possible B. patient C. important D. humorous
13.A. big B. small C. rich D. poor
14.A. food B. drink C. water D. juice
15.A. bed B. table C. ground D. sofa
16.A. travelled B. moved C. drove D. flew
17.A. suddenly B. gradually C. clearly D. especially
18.A. difference B. importance C. situation D. decision
19.A. Because of B. As for C. Such as D. Next to
20.A. spent B. took C. cost D. paid
B
I live in Porto. It is a city in the north of Portugal. It has a population of about 260,000 people. And it’s the 11 biggest city after Lisbon in Portugal.
It’s a beautiful city. People like 12 around because there are lots of beautiful streets. They are 13 of churches, museums and markets. There is a place called Foz where there are a lot of outdoor bars and 14 . People go there at the weekend to 15 in the sun, enjoy food, and watch the Atlantic. The weather here is very different from 16 in the south of Portugal. The winter can be very 17 , and it sometimes rains for days. The summer is wonderful. It’s sunny but not usually too hot. And it’s pleasant to go to the mountains or the beach.
What many visitors like the best in Porto is the 18 . There are some beautiful bridges, and lots of visitors 19 boat trips. But I think the best things about Porto are the people and the atmosphere(氛围). It’s quite small and it’s very safe and friendly. It’s a working city and it has a real sense of history. And that’s 20 I like living here so much.
( )11. A. first B. second C. third D. fourth
( )12. A. walking B. driving C. running D. flying
( )13. A. fond B. careful C. sure D. full
( )11. A. toilets B. bookstores C. restaurants D. hospitals
( )15. A. teach B. fly C. fight D. sit
( )16. A. it B. that C. them D. this
( )17. A. wet B. dry C. snowy D. stormy
( )18. A. mountain B. street C. tower D. river
( )19. A. go out B. go on C. go down D. go up
( )20. A. what B. because C. why D. how
三、语法填空
Would you like to live in a city where buildings turn the lights off for you, and self-driving cars will find the1._______(near) parking space themselves 2._______(连词) it might sound a little far from you, 3.________(live) in a "smart" city like this could happen sooner than you think.
Great changes have4._______(take) place in towns that we have lived in for 5._______ (century), while completely new cities are being 6._______(build). One such place is the city of Songdo. Every home there will have a "telepresence" system (远程遥控系统)—allowing users to control the heating and locks, take part in video meetings, and receive education, health care and government services. Around the city, escalators (自动扶梯) will only move when someone is on them, and offices and schools will all be connected to 7._____(冠词)system.
The great mind behind Songdo is from the company Cisco.8._____(介词)fact, technology companies around the world such as IBM, Siemens and Microsoft are already in business.
About 75% of the 9._________(world) population will live in cities by 2050, so cities will need to be more modern to deal with the coming problems. "10.______(make) cities smarter is one way out, and I think this will in turn make cities greener," said Dan Hill, head of a research company.
四、书面表达
某英文报刊环保专栏近期正在举办英语征文竞赛, 其主题就是赞美家乡。假设你是李明, 请你从居住环境、饮食条件、交通状况三个方面入手写一篇以“My Beautiful Home Town”为题的英语短文投稿。
词数: 80-100
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