2025外研版高中英语必修第二册同步练习题--Unit 6 Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（含答案与解析）
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2025外研版高中英语必修第二册
Unit 6 Earth first
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.She lost her souvenir, but (幸运地) she found it on her way home.
2.Set yourself (目标) that you can reasonably hope to achieve.
3.His dramatic speech called for a step change in (态度) to the environment in the 21st century.
4.(2024黑龙江双鸭山市第一中学月考) Off his bike and into the cool water he (潜水), disappearing below the surface.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.(2019江苏)However, the two zookeepers didn t want to see the (extinct) of this precious species.
2.(2020北京)Positive thinking has several beneficial effects the body and the mind.
3.I see libraries a safe place for readers and writers, and a bridge that helps connect a reader with a book.
4.The little girl was very when she saw the snake lying on the ground and she was almost to death. (scare)
5.Finally he reached a lonely island which (cut) off from the outside world.
6.Some successful deaf dancers think dancing is an activity sight matters more than hearing.
7.When Snow White came to herself, she found herself (surround) by seven dwarfs(小矮人).
Ⅲ.选词填空
due to;rather than;be frightened of;the other way round
1. the cruelty of the tigers, some people 2. them very much. However, some people are 3. because they know more about the creatures. They think people themselves 4. tigers are a danger and they call on people to protect this animal.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.大雨不仅会冲走土壤,还会引发严重的水灾。
Heavy rain would wash away the soil, cause serious floods.
2.小男孩既好奇又兴奋地打开了他的礼盒。(形容词作状语)
, the little boy unwrapped his present box.(读后续写—情节描写)
3.我们正在谈论下一个目的地,突然一位陌生男子插入了谈话。
We our next destination a strange man cut in on the talk.
4.并不是所有的电影都基于真实的故事。(一句多译:部分否定)
①Not based on true stories.
②All based on true stories.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
The 1975 film Jaws tells the story of a great white shark 1 attacks and kills swimmers. Though it was a great success, it made people more 2 (frighten) of sharks. Some people afraid of the horrible creature 3 (stop) swimming in the sea, while others started fishing for sharks, killing as many as possible.
After 1975, 4 number of large sharks around America fell quickly, which was not only because of the fear of sharks, but also finning. Finning is a kind of fishing where sharks 5 (catch) and their fins cut off.
Finning would influence Peter Benchley unexpectedly, the man who wrote the book the film Jaws was based on. In 1980, he saw sharks 6 (kill) by fishermen while he was diving and the awful sight made him come to see people as a danger to sharks. From that day on, he fought 7 (protect) sharks. Besides, experts have proved that sharks don t regard people as food, and that they don t attack us 8 purpose.
9 (fortunate), not all the viewers became afraid of sharks—some became interested in understanding them. Today, as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect them from 10 (extinct).
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024重庆万州区月考)
China will establish a new range of national parks, including Huanghekou, Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu and Kalamayli, in an 1 (order) manner, Guan Zhiou, head of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, said on Saturday.
Speaking at the second National Park Forum held in Xining, capital of Qinghai Province, Guan said China has adopted the strictest measures 2 (strengthen) the protection of the ecosystem and improve ecological functions.
China s national parks are specific land or sea areas 3 main target is to protect the 4 (national) representative natural ecosystems of the country and realize the scientific protection and reasonable use of natural resources.
In 2021, China established the first batch(一批) of national parks, with 5 protected land area of 230,000 square km. These parks, including the Sanjiangyuan National Park, the Giant Panda National Park, the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park and so on, are home to nearly 30 percent of the key land wildlife species 6 (find) in the country.
“The Sanjiangyuan National Park realized the full protection of the source of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang 7 (river) and the Tibetan antelope(藏羚羊) population has been restored to over 70,000. In the Giant Panda National Park, more than 70 percent of wild pandas are 8 good protection,” the official added.
“Efforts 9 (make) to promote(促进) high-level protection and the promulgation(颁布) of the National Park Law,” Guan said, 10 (add) that “China will also increase the application of new technologies, build a world-class scientific research monitoring platform, and strengthen national park management abilities”.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024山东泰安一中月考)
Every year, millions of birds fly between Mexico s Sierra Madre Oriental mountains and the Gulf of Mexico from August to November to escape cold temperatures, giving rise to an event known as the “River of Raptors”, which brings hundreds of foreign birdwatchers to the coastal area of Veracruz.
“Many of my customers have been at other famous bird migration sites, but they say they have never seen anything as grand as the ‘River of Raptors’ in Veracruz,” said Steven Koevoet, a birdwatching guide who has shown visitors places in Yucatan and Veracruz for over 25 years.
Yet the yearly event has not led to a large increase in ecotourism. Experts suggest the lack(缺乏) of increased ecotourism is mainly caused by Mexico s failure to encourage tourists away from its beach holiday center. Environmentalists believe high levels of force and environmentally unfriendly practices are also problems for developing ecotourism in the states of Chiapas and Veracruz. Force has stopped birdwatching for years in some places, where the activity was an important source of money for local communities.
But, environmental groups, universities and farmers in Veracruz are trying to change this. Angel Viveros, a farmer, uses land owned by his family for activities including birdwatching, horse riding, skydiving and hiking. Supported by the group Pronatura Veracruz, which studies and counts the birds in the yearly migration, he is now receiving hundreds of visitors yearly. Local coffee producers organize coffee tastings and educational talks about the importance of birds in spreading seeds(种子). A green, bird-friendly stamp for those producers could be the next step. One retiree who has been visiting Veracruz since 2002 had this to say, “In addition to feeling the physical relaxation, it is like something spiritual...There are no words to describe what it feels like to see the river of birds.”
1.What is the “River of Raptors” known for
A.The rich varieties of birds. B.The size of migrating birds.
C.The number of birdwatchers. D.The long distance of migration.
2.Why is Steven Koevoet mentioned
A.To stress the popularity of the event. B.To explain his intention to be a guide.
C.To show his devotion to local tourism. D.To prove the impressiveness of the event.
3.What prevents the development of ecotourism in Mexico according to experts
A.High levels and rates of force. B.The lack of government support.
C.Disagreement among local communities. D.The adoption of not eco-friendly methods.
4.What do we know about ecotourism from the last paragraph
A.People hold different attitudes to it. B.It has an uncertain future in Veracruz.
C.Combined efforts are made to develop it. D.It is a major source of money for the locals.
B
(2023北京通州期末)
The world s animal populations have decreased by more than two-thirds since 1970, according to recent research from the World Wildlife Fund (WWF).
The London group provided information on 32,000 wildlife populations which included more than 5,000 species. The researchers found that population sizes had reduced by 69 percent on average. They said the loss of forests, human exploitation(开发) of the environment, pollution, and climate change were major causes of the loss. Land-use change is still the biggest threat to wildlife. However, the researchers added, “If we cannot limit warming to 1.5℃, climate change is likely to become the primary cause of biodiversity(生物多样性) loss in the coming years.”
Wildlife populations in Latin America and the Caribbean Sea area were greatly affected. The research showed a 94 percent drop in those areas in over 50 years. Wildlife populations in river and lake habitats decreased the most. Freshwater populations have reduced by an average of 83 percent since 1970. For example, the population of pink river dolphins in the Amazon River area of Brazil fell by 65 percent between 1994 and 2016.
These findings are a red flag that warns of a larger system failure on the horizon. Even one species population reduction can affect other species, eventually impacting the ecosystem s ability to function. Humans depend on a stable climate, predictable weather patterns, and productive farmland and fisheries to develop, but the current trends are severe enough to threaten many life-sustaining systems.
Our future depends on reversing(扭转) the loss of nature just as much as it depends on addressing climate change. And you can t solve one without solving the other. Everyone plays a role in reversing these trends, from individuals to companies to governments. If nothing changes, animal populations will undoubtedly continue to fall, driving wildlife to extinction and threatening the wholeness of the ecosystems on which we all depend.
5.What has been the greatest threat to wildlife populations recently
A.Illegal hunting. B.Global warming. C.Land-use change. D.Environmental pollution.
6.How does the author explain the reduction of freshwater wildlife in Paragraph 3
A.By listing figures. B.By analyzing the causes.
C.By making a comparison. D.By referring to a concept.
7.What can we learn from Paragraph 4
A.Climate change threatens many wild animals.
B.Farmland is the basis of life-sustaining systems.
C.Extreme weather events have become more frequent.
D.Species variety is important to maintain a stable ecosystem.
8.What is the main purpose of the text
A.To explain the difficulty of restoring ecosystems.
B.To call on people to take action to protect nature.
C.To present the increasing trend of climate change.
D.To show people s efforts in making up for the loss of nature.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 6 Earth first
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.fortunately 2.targets/goals/objectives/objects
3.attitudes 4.dived
Ⅱ.1.extinction 考查名词。句意:然而,这两位动物园管理员不希望看到这种珍贵物种灭绝。根据空前的the和空后的of可知设空处应用名词作动词see的宾语。此处表示“灭绝”,故填extinction。
2.on/upon 考查介词。句意:积极思考对身体和思想有多种益处。have a(n)...effect on/upon...为固定搭配,意为“对……有影响”。故填on/upon。
3.as 考查介词。句意:我将图书馆看作读者和作者的避风港,一座帮助把读者与图书联系到一起的桥梁。see...as...为固定搭配,意为“把……看作……”。故填as。
4.scared; scary; scared 考查形容词。句意:小女孩看到那条躺在地上的吓人的蛇时非常害怕,她几乎被吓死了。第一空作系动词was的表语,空前有very修饰,且由句意可知,第一空表示“害怕的”,应用修饰人的形容词scared;第二空作定语,修饰空后的名词snake,表示“吓人的”,应用scary;固定搭配be scared to death意为“被吓得要死”,故第三空填scared。
5.was cut 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:最终他到达了一个与世隔绝的人迹罕至的岛上。分析句子结构可知,“which...the outside world”为which引导的定语从句,which代替先行词a lonely island在定语从句中作主语,先行词是第三人称单数,则从句谓语用第三人称单数形式。定语从句的主语与固定搭配cut...off from...(使……与……隔断/绝)之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;由语境和主句谓语reached可知,从句应用一般过去时。故填was cut。
易错归因
本题易错填cut,错误原因是不知道固定搭配cut...off from...的意思,没有理解到该岛屿是“被隔绝”,从而造成句子语态错误;也可能对cut的过去分词变化形式记忆不准确而错填成was cuted/cutted。
6.where 考查关系副词。句意:一些成功的失聪的舞蹈家认为舞蹈是一项视觉比听觉更重要的活动。本句中think后为省略that的宾语从句。在该宾语从句中,“ sight...hearing”为设空处引导的定语从句,修饰表抽象地点的先行词an activity;由语境可知,该定语从句表示“在这项活动中视觉比听觉更重要”,由此可知设空处相当于in the activity,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,因此用where。
7.surrounded 考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句意:白雪公主苏醒后,发现自己被七个小矮人围着。此处使用的是“find+宾语+宾补”结构,宾语为herself,设空处作宾语补足语,且宾语herself与动词surround之间为被动关系,应用过去分词作宾语补足语,故填surrounded。
Ⅲ.1.Due to 2.are frightened of 3.the other way round
4.rather than
Ⅳ.1.not only; but also 2.Curious and excited 3.were talking about; when 4.①all films are ②films are not
类比启发
all与否定词连用构成部分否定(即不完全否定)的形式是“not all...”或“all...not...”,意为“并非都……;不是所有的……都……”。例如:
Not all bamboo grows tall.=All bamboo doesn t grow tall.并非所有的竹子都长得很高。
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.that/which 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为a great white shark,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,故用关系代词that或which。
2.frightened 考查形容词。句意:尽管它大获成功,但它使人们更加害怕鲨鱼。根据句意和句子结构可知,此处使用了“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,表示“使人们更害怕”,宾语是people,设空处作宾语补足语,表示人们“感到害怕的”,故用形容词frightened。(be) frightened of...意为“害怕……”。
3.stopped 考查时态。句意:一些害怕这种可怕生物的人再也不去海里游泳了,而另外一些人开始肆无忌惮地捕杀鲨鱼。本句中while为并列连词,连接两个并列分句,表示前后两种情况的对比,意为“而”。由while后面分句中的谓语started及语境可知前一分句也要用一般过去时,故填stopped。
4.the 考查冠词。句意:1975年之后,美国各地的大鲨鱼的数量迅速下降……。the number of...意为“……的数量”,故本空应填定冠词the。
5.are caught 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:割鱼鳍是一种捕鱼方式,在这种捕鱼方式中,鲨鱼被抓住,鱼鳍被割掉。本句中where引导定语从句,设空处为该定语从句的谓语。由句意可知定语从句是在介绍这种捕鱼方式,表示一种客观事实,应用一般现在时;从句主语sharks和动词catch之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;主语是复数形式,故填are caught。
6.being killed 考查非谓语动词。句意:1980年,他在潜水时目睹了鲨鱼被渔夫捕杀,而且这可怕的一幕使他意识到人类是鲨鱼的威胁。由句意和句子结构可知,此处使用了“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语是sharks,设空处作宾补;宾语sharks与动词kill是逻辑上的被动关系,且由句中的“while he was diving”可知此处表示当时正在发生的动作,因此用being killed。
7.to protect 考查不定式。fight to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“为做某事而斗争”。故填to protect。
8.on 考查介词。句意:而且,专家们已经证明鲨鱼没有将人类视为食物,它们对我们的攻击是无意的。on purpose为固定搭配,意为“故意地”,与前边的don t合起来表示“不是故意的”。故填on。
9.Fortunately 考查副词。句意:幸运的是,不是每个看过电影《大白鲨》的人都变得害怕鲨鱼……。本空修饰整个句子,应用副词作状语。
10.extinction 考查名词。根据空前的介词from可知,本空应用名词形式;此处表示“灭绝”,故填extinction。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了继2021年建立第一批国家公园之后,我国将建立新一批国家公园以保护自然生态系统。
1.orderly 考查形容词。句意:国家林业和草原局局长关志鸥周六表示,中国将有序地建立新一批国家公园,包括黄河口国家公园、钱江源—百山祖国家公园和卡拉麦里国家公园。分析句子可知,此空修饰空后的名词manner,应用形容词作定语;in an orderly manner意为“以一种有条理的方式”。故填orderly。
2.to strengthen 考查动词不定式。句意:关志鸥在青海省省会西宁举行的第二届国家公园论坛上说,中国采取了最严格的措施来加强对生态系统的保护,改善生态功能。根据句意可知,此空作目的状语,应用不定式。故填to strengthen。
3.whose 考查定语从句。句意:中国的国家公园是特定的陆域或海域,其主要目的是保护中国具有全国代表性的自然生态系统,实现自然资源的科学保护和合理利用。分析句子可知,“ 3 main target is to protect...”是定语从句,先行词是land or sea areas,设空处在从句中作定语,修饰名词短语main target。故填whose。
4.nationally 考查副词。句意同上。分析句子可知,此空修饰形容词representative,应用副词作状语,故用national的副词形式nationally,表示“全国性地”。
5.a 考查冠词。句意:2021年,中国建立了第一批国家公园,保护的陆地区域面积为23万平方千米。area为可数名词,此处表泛指概念,应用不定冠词;protected的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。“with a protected land area of 230,000 square km”意为“有着面积为230,000平方千米的被保护的陆地区域”。
6.found 考查过去分词。句意:这些公园,包括三江源国家公园、大熊猫国家公园、东北虎豹国家公园等,是在中国发现的近30%的主要陆生野生生物物种的栖息地。分析句子可知,句子主干是“These parks are home to...”,句中已有谓语动词are,设空处应用非谓语动词。由语境可知,此处表示“在我国发现的主要陆生野生生物物种”,则设空处作后置定语,修饰wildlife species;wildlife species和find之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词。故填found。
7.rivers 考查名词的数。句意:三江源国家公园实现了对长江、黄河、澜沧江源头的全面保护,藏羚羊种群已恢复到七万多只。由句意可知,这里表示三条河流,所以应用复数形式。故填rivers。
8.under 考查介词。句意:……在大熊猫国家公园,超过70%的野生大熊猫受到良好的保护……。under good protection意为“在良好的保护下”,为固定搭配。故填under。
9.will be made 考查时态和语态。句意:……我国将努力推进高水平保护和《国家公园法》的颁布……。由下文的will also increase及语境可知此处要用一般将来时,且主语为Efforts,与make之间是被动关系,故填will be made。
10.adding 考查现在分词。句意:……关志欧补充道,中国还将加大新技术的应用,建设世界级的科研监测平台,加强国家公园管理能力。分析句子可知,此空作状语,Guan和add之间为主动关系,应用现在分词作状语。故填adding。
【高频词汇】 1.representative adj.有代表性的;典型的 n.代表 2.reasonable adj.合理的
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过大批观鸟者来墨西哥观看鸟类迁徙的壮观景象引出对墨西哥生态旅游业的发展现状的介绍。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段“Every year, millions of birds fly...which brings hundreds of foreign birdwatchers to the coastal area of Veracruz.”和第二段中的“Many of my customers have been at other famous bird migration sites...in Veracruz(我的许多顾客都去过其他著名的鸟类迁徙地点,但他们说他们从来没有见过像韦拉克鲁斯的‘猛禽之河’这样壮观的)”可知,“猛禽之河”因为鸟类迁徙的巨大规模而出名。故选B。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段Steven Koevoet的话“Many of my customers...in Veracruz”可知,作者提及Steven Koevoet是为了借助他的话来证明“猛禽之河”的壮观。故选D。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Experts suggest...its beach holiday center.(专家认为,生态旅游缺乏增长的主要原因是墨西哥未能鼓励游客远离其海滩度假中心。)”可知,缺乏政府的支持导致墨西哥生态旅游发展受阻。故选B。
4.C 推理判断题。最后一段首句“But, environmental groups, universities and farmers in Veracruz are trying to change this.”提到韦拉克鲁斯的环保组织、大学和农民正在努力改变“猛禽之河”事件未能促进生态旅游业的发展这一状况,接着介绍了农场主Angel Viveros和当地咖啡生产商为促进生态旅游业的发展做出的努力,下一步可能是为这些生产商发鸟类友好型认证。综合分析上述信息可知,人们正共同努力以发展生态旅游业。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.give rise to引起,使产生 2.grand adj.宏伟的;壮丽的;宏大的 3.in addition to...除……之外 (还……)
长难句
原句 Every year, millions of birds fly between Mexico s Sierra Madre Oriental mountains and the Gulf of Mexico from August to November to escape cold temperatures, giving rise to an event known as the “River of Raptors”, which brings hundreds of foreign birdwatchers to the coastal area of Veracruz.
分析 本句是主从复合句。“giving rise to an event...Veracruz”是现在分词短语作结果状语;其中“known as the ‘River of Raptors’”是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰event;“which brings...Veracruz”是which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰the “River of Raptors”。
译文 每年的8月到11月,数百万只鸟在墨西哥的东马德雷山脉和墨西哥湾之间飞行,以躲避寒冷的气温,这引起了被称为“猛禽之河”的事件,吸引了数百名外国观鸟者来到韦拉克鲁斯的沿海地区。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了野生动物种群数量自1970年以来已经减少了三分之二以上。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Land-use change is still the biggest threat to wildlife.(土地利用变化仍然是野生动物面临的最大威胁。)”可知,最近野生动物种群面临的最大威胁是土地利用变化。故选C。
6.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Freshwater populations have reduced by an average of 83 percent since 1970. For example...fell by 65 percent between 1994 and 2016.(自1970年以来,淡水种群平均减少了83%。例如,从1994年到2016年,巴西亚马孙河地区的粉红河豚数量下降了65%。)”可推断,作者主要通过列举数字来解释淡水野生动物的减少。故选A。
7.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Even one species population reduction can affect other species, eventually impacting the ecosystem s ability to function.(甚至一个物种的数量减少也会影响到其他物种,最终影响到生态系统的运作能力。)”可知,物种多样性对维持稳定的生态系统很重要。故选D。
8.B 推理判断题。文章最后一段提到从个人到公司再到政府,每个人在扭转这些趋势方面都发挥着作用;如果没有任何改变,动物的数量无疑将继续下降,导致野生动物灭绝,并威胁到我们所有人赖以生存的生态系统的整体性。结合全文对野生动物数量减少的介绍可推断,本文的主要目的是呼吁人们采取行动保护自然。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.decrease v.& n.减少,降低 2.threat n.构成威胁的事物;威胁,恐吓 threaten vt.威胁,恐吓
3.primary adj.最重要的,基本的;最初的 4.depend on依靠,取决于 5.trend n.趋势,倾向 6.undoubtedly adv.毋庸置疑地;必定
【熟词生义】 address v.设法解决
长难句
原句 If nothing changes, animal populations will undoubtedly continue to fall, driving wildlife to extinction and threatening the wholeness of the ecosystems on which we all depend.
分析 本句为主从复合句。“If nothing changes”为If引导的条件状语从句;“driving...”和“threatening...”是and连接的两个并列的现在分词短语作结果状语,其中“on which we all depend”是“介词on+which”引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the ecosystems。
译文 如果没有什么改变,动物的数量必定会继续下降,使得野生动物灭绝并威胁到我们所有人赖以生存的生态系统的整体性。
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2025外研版高中英语必修第二册
Unit 6 Earth first
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.She lost her souvenir, but (幸运地) she found it on her way home.
2.Set yourself (目标) that you can reasonably hope to achieve.
3.His dramatic speech called for a step change in (态度) to the environment in the 21st century.
4.(2024黑龙江双鸭山市第一中学月考) Off his bike and into the cool water he (潜水), disappearing below the surface.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.(2019江苏)However, the two zookeepers didn t want to see the (extinct) of this precious species.
2.(2020北京)Positive thinking has several beneficial effects the body and the mind.
3.I see libraries a safe place for readers and writers, and a bridge that helps connect a reader with a book.
4.The little girl was very when she saw the snake lying on the ground and she was almost to death. (scare)
5.Finally he reached a lonely island which (cut) off from the outside world.
6.Some successful deaf dancers think dancing is an activity sight matters more than hearing.
7.When Snow White came to herself, she found herself (surround) by seven dwarfs(小矮人).
Ⅲ.选词填空
due to;rather than;be frightened of;the other way round
1. the cruelty of the tigers, some people 2. them very much. However, some people are 3. because they know more about the creatures. They think people themselves 4. tigers are a danger and they call on people to protect this animal.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.大雨不仅会冲走土壤,还会引发严重的水灾。
Heavy rain would wash away the soil, cause serious floods.
2.小男孩既好奇又兴奋地打开了他的礼盒。(形容词作状语)
, the little boy unwrapped his present box.(读后续写—情节描写)
3.我们正在谈论下一个目的地,突然一位陌生男子插入了谈话。
We our next destination a strange man cut in on the talk.
4.并不是所有的电影都基于真实的故事。(一句多译:部分否定)
①Not based on true stories.
②All based on true stories.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
The 1975 film Jaws tells the story of a great white shark 1 attacks and kills swimmers. Though it was a great success, it made people more 2 (frighten) of sharks. Some people afraid of the horrible creature 3 (stop) swimming in the sea, while others started fishing for sharks, killing as many as possible.
After 1975, 4 number of large sharks around America fell quickly, which was not only because of the fear of sharks, but also finning. Finning is a kind of fishing where sharks 5 (catch) and their fins cut off.
Finning would influence Peter Benchley unexpectedly, the man who wrote the book the film Jaws was based on. In 1980, he saw sharks 6 (kill) by fishermen while he was diving and the awful sight made him come to see people as a danger to sharks. From that day on, he fought 7 (protect) sharks. Besides, experts have proved that sharks don t regard people as food, and that they don t attack us 8 purpose.
9 (fortunate), not all the viewers became afraid of sharks—some became interested in understanding them. Today, as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect them from 10 (extinct).
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024重庆万州区月考)
China will establish a new range of national parks, including Huanghekou, Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu and Kalamayli, in an 1 (order) manner, Guan Zhiou, head of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, said on Saturday.
Speaking at the second National Park Forum held in Xining, capital of Qinghai Province, Guan said China has adopted the strictest measures 2 (strengthen) the protection of the ecosystem and improve ecological functions.
China s national parks are specific land or sea areas 3 main target is to protect the 4 (national) representative natural ecosystems of the country and realize the scientific protection and reasonable use of natural resources.
In 2021, China established the first batch(一批) of national parks, with 5 protected land area of 230,000 square km. These parks, including the Sanjiangyuan National Park, the Giant Panda National Park, the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park and so on, are home to nearly 30 percent of the key land wildlife species 6 (find) in the country.
“The Sanjiangyuan National Park realized the full protection of the source of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang 7 (river) and the Tibetan antelope(藏羚羊) population has been restored to over 70,000. In the Giant Panda National Park, more than 70 percent of wild pandas are 8 good protection,” the official added.
“Efforts 9 (make) to promote(促进) high-level protection and the promulgation(颁布) of the National Park Law,” Guan said, 10 (add) that “China will also increase the application of new technologies, build a world-class scientific research monitoring platform, and strengthen national park management abilities”.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024山东泰安一中月考)
Every year, millions of birds fly between Mexico s Sierra Madre Oriental mountains and the Gulf of Mexico from August to November to escape cold temperatures, giving rise to an event known as the “River of Raptors”, which brings hundreds of foreign birdwatchers to the coastal area of Veracruz.
“Many of my customers have been at other famous bird migration sites, but they say they have never seen anything as grand as the ‘River of Raptors’ in Veracruz,” said Steven Koevoet, a birdwatching guide who has shown visitors places in Yucatan and Veracruz for over 25 years.
Yet the yearly event has not led to a large increase in ecotourism. Experts suggest the lack(缺乏) of increased ecotourism is mainly caused by Mexico s failure to encourage tourists away from its beach holiday center. Environmentalists believe high levels of force and environmentally unfriendly practices are also problems for developing ecotourism in the states of Chiapas and Veracruz. Force has stopped birdwatching for years in some places, where the activity was an important source of money for local communities.
But, environmental groups, universities and farmers in Veracruz are trying to change this. Angel Viveros, a farmer, uses land owned by his family for activities including birdwatching, horse riding, skydiving and hiking. Supported by the group Pronatura Veracruz, which studies and counts the birds in the yearly migration, he is now receiving hundreds of visitors yearly. Local coffee producers organize coffee tastings and educational talks about the importance of birds in spreading seeds(种子). A green, bird-friendly stamp for those producers could be the next step. One retiree who has been visiting Veracruz since 2002 had this to say, “In addition to feeling the physical relaxation, it is like something spiritual...There are no words to describe what it feels like to see the river of birds.”
1.What is the “River of Raptors” known for
A.The rich varieties of birds. B.The size of migrating birds.
C.The number of birdwatchers. D.The long distance of migration.
2.Why is Steven Koevoet mentioned
A.To stress the popularity of the event. B.To explain his intention to be a guide.
C.To show his devotion to local tourism. D.To prove the impressiveness of the event.
3.What prevents the development of ecotourism in Mexico according to experts
A.High levels and rates of force. B.The lack of government support.
C.Disagreement among local communities. D.The adoption of not eco-friendly methods.
4.What do we know about ecotourism from the last paragraph
A.People hold different attitudes to it. B.It has an uncertain future in Veracruz.
C.Combined efforts are made to develop it. D.It is a major source of money for the locals.
B
(2023北京通州期末)
The world s animal populations have decreased by more than two-thirds since 1970, according to recent research from the World Wildlife Fund (WWF).
The London group provided information on 32,000 wildlife populations which included more than 5,000 species. The researchers found that population sizes had reduced by 69 percent on average. They said the loss of forests, human exploitation(开发) of the environment, pollution, and climate change were major causes of the loss. Land-use change is still the biggest threat to wildlife. However, the researchers added, “If we cannot limit warming to 1.5℃, climate change is likely to become the primary cause of biodiversity(生物多样性) loss in the coming years.”
Wildlife populations in Latin America and the Caribbean Sea area were greatly affected. The research showed a 94 percent drop in those areas in over 50 years. Wildlife populations in river and lake habitats decreased the most. Freshwater populations have reduced by an average of 83 percent since 1970. For example, the population of pink river dolphins in the Amazon River area of Brazil fell by 65 percent between 1994 and 2016.
These findings are a red flag that warns of a larger system failure on the horizon. Even one species population reduction can affect other species, eventually impacting the ecosystem s ability to function. Humans depend on a stable climate, predictable weather patterns, and productive farmland and fisheries to develop, but the current trends are severe enough to threaten many life-sustaining systems.
Our future depends on reversing(扭转) the loss of nature just as much as it depends on addressing climate change. And you can t solve one without solving the other. Everyone plays a role in reversing these trends, from individuals to companies to governments. If nothing changes, animal populations will undoubtedly continue to fall, driving wildlife to extinction and threatening the wholeness of the ecosystems on which we all depend.
5.What has been the greatest threat to wildlife populations recently
A.Illegal hunting. B.Global warming. C.Land-use change. D.Environmental pollution.
6.How does the author explain the reduction of freshwater wildlife in Paragraph 3
A.By listing figures. B.By analyzing the causes.
C.By making a comparison. D.By referring to a concept.
7.What can we learn from Paragraph 4
A.Climate change threatens many wild animals.
B.Farmland is the basis of life-sustaining systems.
C.Extreme weather events have become more frequent.
D.Species variety is important to maintain a stable ecosystem.
8.What is the main purpose of the text
A.To explain the difficulty of restoring ecosystems.
B.To call on people to take action to protect nature.
C.To present the increasing trend of climate change.
D.To show people s efforts in making up for the loss of nature.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 6 Earth first
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.fortunately 2.targets/goals/objectives/objects
3.attitudes 4.dived
Ⅱ.1.extinction 考查名词。句意:然而,这两位动物园管理员不希望看到这种珍贵物种灭绝。根据空前的the和空后的of可知设空处应用名词作动词see的宾语。此处表示“灭绝”,故填extinction。
2.on/upon 考查介词。句意:积极思考对身体和思想有多种益处。have a(n)...effect on/upon...为固定搭配,意为“对……有影响”。故填on/upon。
3.as 考查介词。句意:我将图书馆看作读者和作者的避风港,一座帮助把读者与图书联系到一起的桥梁。see...as...为固定搭配,意为“把……看作……”。故填as。
4.scared; scary; scared 考查形容词。句意:小女孩看到那条躺在地上的吓人的蛇时非常害怕,她几乎被吓死了。第一空作系动词was的表语,空前有very修饰,且由句意可知,第一空表示“害怕的”,应用修饰人的形容词scared;第二空作定语,修饰空后的名词snake,表示“吓人的”,应用scary;固定搭配be scared to death意为“被吓得要死”,故第三空填scared。
5.was cut 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:最终他到达了一个与世隔绝的人迹罕至的岛上。分析句子结构可知,“which...the outside world”为which引导的定语从句,which代替先行词a lonely island在定语从句中作主语,先行词是第三人称单数,则从句谓语用第三人称单数形式。定语从句的主语与固定搭配cut...off from...(使……与……隔断/绝)之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;由语境和主句谓语reached可知,从句应用一般过去时。故填was cut。
易错归因
本题易错填cut,错误原因是不知道固定搭配cut...off from...的意思,没有理解到该岛屿是“被隔绝”,从而造成句子语态错误;也可能对cut的过去分词变化形式记忆不准确而错填成was cuted/cutted。
6.where 考查关系副词。句意:一些成功的失聪的舞蹈家认为舞蹈是一项视觉比听觉更重要的活动。本句中think后为省略that的宾语从句。在该宾语从句中,“ sight...hearing”为设空处引导的定语从句,修饰表抽象地点的先行词an activity;由语境可知,该定语从句表示“在这项活动中视觉比听觉更重要”,由此可知设空处相当于in the activity,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,因此用where。
7.surrounded 考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句意:白雪公主苏醒后,发现自己被七个小矮人围着。此处使用的是“find+宾语+宾补”结构,宾语为herself,设空处作宾语补足语,且宾语herself与动词surround之间为被动关系,应用过去分词作宾语补足语,故填surrounded。
Ⅲ.1.Due to 2.are frightened of 3.the other way round
4.rather than
Ⅳ.1.not only; but also 2.Curious and excited 3.were talking about; when 4.①all films are ②films are not
类比启发
all与否定词连用构成部分否定(即不完全否定)的形式是“not all...”或“all...not...”,意为“并非都……;不是所有的……都……”。例如:
Not all bamboo grows tall.=All bamboo doesn t grow tall.并非所有的竹子都长得很高。
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.that/which 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为a great white shark,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,故用关系代词that或which。
2.frightened 考查形容词。句意:尽管它大获成功,但它使人们更加害怕鲨鱼。根据句意和句子结构可知,此处使用了“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,表示“使人们更害怕”,宾语是people,设空处作宾语补足语,表示人们“感到害怕的”,故用形容词frightened。(be) frightened of...意为“害怕……”。
3.stopped 考查时态。句意:一些害怕这种可怕生物的人再也不去海里游泳了,而另外一些人开始肆无忌惮地捕杀鲨鱼。本句中while为并列连词,连接两个并列分句,表示前后两种情况的对比,意为“而”。由while后面分句中的谓语started及语境可知前一分句也要用一般过去时,故填stopped。
4.the 考查冠词。句意:1975年之后,美国各地的大鲨鱼的数量迅速下降……。the number of...意为“……的数量”,故本空应填定冠词the。
5.are caught 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:割鱼鳍是一种捕鱼方式,在这种捕鱼方式中,鲨鱼被抓住,鱼鳍被割掉。本句中where引导定语从句,设空处为该定语从句的谓语。由句意可知定语从句是在介绍这种捕鱼方式,表示一种客观事实,应用一般现在时;从句主语sharks和动词catch之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;主语是复数形式,故填are caught。
6.being killed 考查非谓语动词。句意:1980年,他在潜水时目睹了鲨鱼被渔夫捕杀,而且这可怕的一幕使他意识到人类是鲨鱼的威胁。由句意和句子结构可知,此处使用了“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语是sharks,设空处作宾补;宾语sharks与动词kill是逻辑上的被动关系,且由句中的“while he was diving”可知此处表示当时正在发生的动作,因此用being killed。
7.to protect 考查不定式。fight to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“为做某事而斗争”。故填to protect。
8.on 考查介词。句意:而且,专家们已经证明鲨鱼没有将人类视为食物,它们对我们的攻击是无意的。on purpose为固定搭配,意为“故意地”,与前边的don t合起来表示“不是故意的”。故填on。
9.Fortunately 考查副词。句意:幸运的是,不是每个看过电影《大白鲨》的人都变得害怕鲨鱼……。本空修饰整个句子,应用副词作状语。
10.extinction 考查名词。根据空前的介词from可知,本空应用名词形式;此处表示“灭绝”,故填extinction。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了继2021年建立第一批国家公园之后,我国将建立新一批国家公园以保护自然生态系统。
1.orderly 考查形容词。句意:国家林业和草原局局长关志鸥周六表示,中国将有序地建立新一批国家公园,包括黄河口国家公园、钱江源—百山祖国家公园和卡拉麦里国家公园。分析句子可知,此空修饰空后的名词manner,应用形容词作定语;in an orderly manner意为“以一种有条理的方式”。故填orderly。
2.to strengthen 考查动词不定式。句意:关志鸥在青海省省会西宁举行的第二届国家公园论坛上说,中国采取了最严格的措施来加强对生态系统的保护,改善生态功能。根据句意可知,此空作目的状语,应用不定式。故填to strengthen。
3.whose 考查定语从句。句意:中国的国家公园是特定的陆域或海域,其主要目的是保护中国具有全国代表性的自然生态系统,实现自然资源的科学保护和合理利用。分析句子可知,“ 3 main target is to protect...”是定语从句,先行词是land or sea areas,设空处在从句中作定语,修饰名词短语main target。故填whose。
4.nationally 考查副词。句意同上。分析句子可知,此空修饰形容词representative,应用副词作状语,故用national的副词形式nationally,表示“全国性地”。
5.a 考查冠词。句意:2021年,中国建立了第一批国家公园,保护的陆地区域面积为23万平方千米。area为可数名词,此处表泛指概念,应用不定冠词;protected的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。“with a protected land area of 230,000 square km”意为“有着面积为230,000平方千米的被保护的陆地区域”。
6.found 考查过去分词。句意:这些公园,包括三江源国家公园、大熊猫国家公园、东北虎豹国家公园等,是在中国发现的近30%的主要陆生野生生物物种的栖息地。分析句子可知,句子主干是“These parks are home to...”,句中已有谓语动词are,设空处应用非谓语动词。由语境可知,此处表示“在我国发现的主要陆生野生生物物种”,则设空处作后置定语,修饰wildlife species;wildlife species和find之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词。故填found。
7.rivers 考查名词的数。句意:三江源国家公园实现了对长江、黄河、澜沧江源头的全面保护,藏羚羊种群已恢复到七万多只。由句意可知,这里表示三条河流,所以应用复数形式。故填rivers。
8.under 考查介词。句意:……在大熊猫国家公园,超过70%的野生大熊猫受到良好的保护……。under good protection意为“在良好的保护下”,为固定搭配。故填under。
9.will be made 考查时态和语态。句意:……我国将努力推进高水平保护和《国家公园法》的颁布……。由下文的will also increase及语境可知此处要用一般将来时,且主语为Efforts,与make之间是被动关系,故填will be made。
10.adding 考查现在分词。句意:……关志欧补充道,中国还将加大新技术的应用,建设世界级的科研监测平台,加强国家公园管理能力。分析句子可知,此空作状语,Guan和add之间为主动关系,应用现在分词作状语。故填adding。
【高频词汇】 1.representative adj.有代表性的;典型的 n.代表 2.reasonable adj.合理的
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过大批观鸟者来墨西哥观看鸟类迁徙的壮观景象引出对墨西哥生态旅游业的发展现状的介绍。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段“Every year, millions of birds fly...which brings hundreds of foreign birdwatchers to the coastal area of Veracruz.”和第二段中的“Many of my customers have been at other famous bird migration sites...in Veracruz(我的许多顾客都去过其他著名的鸟类迁徙地点,但他们说他们从来没有见过像韦拉克鲁斯的‘猛禽之河’这样壮观的)”可知,“猛禽之河”因为鸟类迁徙的巨大规模而出名。故选B。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段Steven Koevoet的话“Many of my customers...in Veracruz”可知,作者提及Steven Koevoet是为了借助他的话来证明“猛禽之河”的壮观。故选D。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Experts suggest...its beach holiday center.(专家认为,生态旅游缺乏增长的主要原因是墨西哥未能鼓励游客远离其海滩度假中心。)”可知,缺乏政府的支持导致墨西哥生态旅游发展受阻。故选B。
4.C 推理判断题。最后一段首句“But, environmental groups, universities and farmers in Veracruz are trying to change this.”提到韦拉克鲁斯的环保组织、大学和农民正在努力改变“猛禽之河”事件未能促进生态旅游业的发展这一状况,接着介绍了农场主Angel Viveros和当地咖啡生产商为促进生态旅游业的发展做出的努力,下一步可能是为这些生产商发鸟类友好型认证。综合分析上述信息可知,人们正共同努力以发展生态旅游业。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.give rise to引起,使产生 2.grand adj.宏伟的;壮丽的;宏大的 3.in addition to...除……之外 (还……)
长难句
原句 Every year, millions of birds fly between Mexico s Sierra Madre Oriental mountains and the Gulf of Mexico from August to November to escape cold temperatures, giving rise to an event known as the “River of Raptors”, which brings hundreds of foreign birdwatchers to the coastal area of Veracruz.
分析 本句是主从复合句。“giving rise to an event...Veracruz”是现在分词短语作结果状语;其中“known as the ‘River of Raptors’”是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰event;“which brings...Veracruz”是which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰the “River of Raptors”。
译文 每年的8月到11月,数百万只鸟在墨西哥的东马德雷山脉和墨西哥湾之间飞行,以躲避寒冷的气温,这引起了被称为“猛禽之河”的事件,吸引了数百名外国观鸟者来到韦拉克鲁斯的沿海地区。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了野生动物种群数量自1970年以来已经减少了三分之二以上。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Land-use change is still the biggest threat to wildlife.(土地利用变化仍然是野生动物面临的最大威胁。)”可知,最近野生动物种群面临的最大威胁是土地利用变化。故选C。
6.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Freshwater populations have reduced by an average of 83 percent since 1970. For example...fell by 65 percent between 1994 and 2016.(自1970年以来,淡水种群平均减少了83%。例如,从1994年到2016年,巴西亚马孙河地区的粉红河豚数量下降了65%。)”可推断,作者主要通过列举数字来解释淡水野生动物的减少。故选A。
7.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Even one species population reduction can affect other species, eventually impacting the ecosystem s ability to function.(甚至一个物种的数量减少也会影响到其他物种,最终影响到生态系统的运作能力。)”可知,物种多样性对维持稳定的生态系统很重要。故选D。
8.B 推理判断题。文章最后一段提到从个人到公司再到政府,每个人在扭转这些趋势方面都发挥着作用;如果没有任何改变,动物的数量无疑将继续下降,导致野生动物灭绝,并威胁到我们所有人赖以生存的生态系统的整体性。结合全文对野生动物数量减少的介绍可推断,本文的主要目的是呼吁人们采取行动保护自然。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.decrease v.& n.减少,降低 2.threat n.构成威胁的事物;威胁,恐吓 threaten vt.威胁,恐吓
3.primary adj.最重要的,基本的;最初的 4.depend on依靠,取决于 5.trend n.趋势,倾向 6.undoubtedly adv.毋庸置疑地;必定
【熟词生义】 address v.设法解决
长难句
原句 If nothing changes, animal populations will undoubtedly continue to fall, driving wildlife to extinction and threatening the wholeness of the ecosystems on which we all depend.
分析 本句为主从复合句。“If nothing changes”为If引导的条件状语从句;“driving...”和“threatening...”是and连接的两个并列的现在分词短语作结果状语,其中“on which we all depend”是“介词on+which”引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the ecosystems。
译文 如果没有什么改变,动物的数量必定会继续下降,使得野生动物灭绝并威胁到我们所有人赖以生存的生态系统的整体性。
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