2025外研版高中英语必修第一册同步练习题--Unit 5 Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（含答案与解析）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025外研版高中英语必修第一册
Unit 5 Into the wild
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.(2023全国乙)The (位置) enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background.
2.By clicking on the “donate” button, you can choose to contribute to any of these (慈善机构).
3.The speaker offered some inspiring (解决方法) to address the issue at hand.
4.Every autumn, the monarch butterflies m to warmer regions to escape the cold weather.
5.(2024江苏苏州期中)When suffering from the heavy financial burden, he (寻求) help from his friends and some of them gave him a helping hand.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.It has been proved that social media has a big effect people's opinions of social issues.
2.It is reported that the express delivery company delivers billions of packages (annual).
3.(2022全国甲)From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was (amaze).
4.It is inspiring to know that the person that we had lost track of (eventual) turned up.
5.The advances in modern biomedical technology can significantly improve the patients' chance of (survive).
6.(2024湖南师大附中期中)Ruby wiped her tears and was determined (spare) no effort to learn math with Ollie.
7.Several houses (destroy) in last night's storm because of the poor quality of the construction materials.
Ⅲ.选词填空
in search of; in trouble; cut down; make sure; feed on
Recent data show that more than 1.3 billion trees 1. every year, which makes millions of wild animals 2. . For example, the number of white-headed langurs(白头叶猴), which 3. fresh leaves and branches, has fallen sharply in recent years. Besides, many animals, including foxes and bears, are forced to go into cities 4. food. It is time that we should 5. animals have enough food to eat.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.现在是我们采取措施改变局势的时候了。(measure)
It's time we should the situation.
2.艾丽斯走出她上班的大楼,松了口气。(关系副词引导的定语从句)
Alice stepped out of the tall building and breathed a sigh of relief.(读后续写—动作描写)
3.我越想我的行为,我的心就感到越沉重。(the+比较级...,the+比较级...)
I thought about my actions, my heart felt.(读后续写—心理描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Many animals make an annual 1 (migrate) to find food, seek a partner, or in search of warmer weather at certain times of the year. Every autumn, 2 (million) of North American monarch butterflies start such a journey. They travel about 4,000 kilometres south to California or Mexico, 3 people didn't know how they did this until recently.
Some scientists have found out that these insects can know the time of day and they use their eyes 4 (measure) the position of the sun. The information permits 5 (they) to decide their way to go. Eventually, they manage to arrive in the places where they spend the winter.
People are 6 (amaze) at their mysterious ability and find the solution to the mystery when people find their number 7 (crash) up to 90 per cent during the past few years. Unfortunately, the main reason why the number of them is dropping is human activity. People are destroying the places 8 they live in. They cut down trees and use chemicals which are bad for the plants that monarch caterpillars eat.
Now people begin to be aware 9 this creature and work together to protect them. People hope that the number of them will rise again. The 10 (much) we learn about them, the more likely they are to survive.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024辽宁东北育才学校期中)
More than three decades ago, Chu Hongjun, a young man from East China's Shandong Province, traveled to Northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, 1 (throw) himself into wildlife research and protection work in Altay Prefecture. Today, his 30-year-old daughter, Chu Wenwen, sticks to the belief of him. More than that, she has 2 (successful) called on more than 1 million young people to make a joint effort to create a better living environment for the Mengxin beaver (河狸), the only beaver species 3 lives in China. It is only found along the Ulungur River in Altay.
The web-savvy (精通网络的) youngster has founded a project to livestream(直播), 24 hours a day, how the beavers live 4 the wild. Infrared (红外线的) cameras have been fixed so that viewers can monitor the ecological circulation around those small habitats 5 (build) by the beavers. “We are the young generation that grew up during the Internet boom. Today, modern online communication tools and advanced 6 (equip) used for scientific research enable us to gather more people together in pursuit (追求) of wildlife protection,” she says.
Additionally, Chu Wenwen is also willing to take parents and their children on field trips 7 (observe) beavers first-hand. She believes that if opportunities 8 (provide) for people to learn more about the animal, they will be 9 (likely) to take measures to protect it. “We can bridge 10 gap between the public and the beavers,” she says.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024重庆市第八中学校期中)
Imagine a world without insects. It might sound good at first without annoying bugs and flies in your apartment. However, the results would be harmful.
The number of insects has crashed by more than half in the past decades, according to British biologist Dave Goulson, author of Silent Earth: Averting the Insect Apocalypse. As insects make up most of the known species on this planet, this data is not good news.
Insects are indeed on the path to dying out, according to the first global scientific review of insect population, which was published in the journal Biological Conservation in January 2019. The researchers say intensive agriculture has been the main cause of the decrease. Pesticides(杀虫剂), in particular, destroy insect habitats. Urbanization(城市化)and climate change are also significant reasons. “Unless we convert our ways of producing food, insects will go down the path of dying out in a few decades.”
What would happen to Earth without insects It's almost impossible to predict. Without insects, many animals would have nothing to eat, and the predators(捕食者) of those animals would go hungry as well. The ecosystem would be thrown off balance.
“If the insect species loss cannot be stopped, this will have harmful effects on the planet's ecosystems and the survival of mankind,” said Sanchez-Bayo, one of the authors of the review. The first step to stopping this process is “to build a society that values the natural world, both for what it does for us and for its own sake”, Sanchez-Bayo suggests. “The obvious place to start is with our children, encouraging environmental awareness from an early age.”
1.What is people's general impression of insects
A.Very interesting. B.Quite unpleasant.
C.Extremely helpful. D.Unexpectedly satisfying.
2.What does the underlined word “convert ” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Drop. B.Change. C.Expand. D.Simplify.
3.Why are insects so important to Earth according to this article
A.Insects sustain the earth ecosystem. B.Insects ensure the earth's diversity.
C.Insects make the soil dry and healthy. D.Insects help slow down climate change.
4.What can we do to stop the insect species loss according to Sanchez-Bayo
A.Use nature in a gentle way.
B.Produce less food for human beings.
C.Educate the younger generation to know about it.
D.Provide insects with enough habitats and food.
B
(2024湖北黄冈期中)
Though fireworks(烟花) on Bonfire Night bring joy to many people, it is likely to be a night of fright and pain for the UK's geese.
Research by Anglia Ruskin University has found that firework displays(表演) cause wild birds to suffer significant pain, and researchers have recommended that displays should not take place in areas with large wildlife populations. A study, published in the journal Conservation Physiology, is one of the first carried out into the effects of fireworks on wildlife. It found that the heart rate of geese increased by 96% when they were influenced by firework displays.
The study involved 20 wild greylag geese fitted with recorders to record their heart rates and body temperatures, which are measures of physiological stress. Claudia Wascher, who led the research, found that the average heart rate increased from 63 to 124 beats per minute, and their average body temperature increased from 38℃ to 39℃ in the first hour of firework displays. It took the geese about five hours to display normal body temperatures.
“Ours is one of the first scientific studies to examine whether fireworks disturb wildlife. There have been previous studies showing that fireworks can cause anxiety in pets, for example in dogs, but little research has been done into how animals in the wild react. We need to carry out further research to conclusively tell whether the geese are reacting to the noise or the light pollution from the fireworks, or a combination of both. Many people get a lot of enjoyment from fireworks but it's important that we consider animals both pets and wildlife—whenever planning a display,” Wascher said.
5.What advice do researchers give according to the findings of the study
A.Geese should be protected especially at night.
B.Great attention should be paid to the UK's geese.
C.Firework displays should be held without harming wildlife.
D.Firework displays should take place to bring joy to people.
6.Why were 20 wild greylag geese fitted with recorders
A.To compare the heart rates between them. B.To make them safe and sound in the wild.
C.To keep their body temperatures normal. D.To measure their physiological stress.
7.How long do the geese need to get over the effect of firework displays on body temperatures
A.About five hours. B.About four hours. C.About two hours. D.About one hour.
8.What might Wascher's further research be about
A.The relations between light pollution from fireworks and geese.
B.The effects of noise and light pollution from fireworks on geese.
C.Whether fireworks influence other wild animals.
D.The influence of a firework display on pets and wildlife.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 5 Into the wild
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.position 2.charities 3.solutions 4.migrate
5.sought
Ⅱ.1.on 考查介词。句意:事实证明,社交媒体在人们对社会问题的看法上有很大影响。have an effect on意为“对……有影响”,故本空应用介词on。
2.annually 考查副词。句意:据报道,这家快递公司每年运送数十亿个包裹。本空在句中作状语,应用副词形式。故填annually。
3.amazing 考查形容词。句意:从看到野生动物到目睹日出,整个经历都令人惊叹。本空在句中作表语,且句子主语为the whole experience,再结合句意可知此处意为“令人惊叹的”,应用形容词amazing。
4.eventually 考查副词。句意:得知我们失去联系的那个人终于出现了,真是令人鼓舞。本空作状语,应用副词形式。故填eventually。
5.survival 考查名词。句意:现代生物医学技术的进步可以显著提高患者生存的可能性。根据空前介词of可知,本空应用名词形式。chance of survival意为“生存的可能性”。
类比启发
动词词尾去e+-al→名词(一般是抽象名词):arrive→arrival n.到达;approve→approval n.赞成;propose→proposal n.提议;remove→removal n.移动;refuse→refusal n.拒绝,回绝
6.to spare 考查非谓语动词。句意:鲁比擦了擦眼泪,决心不遗余力地和奥利一起学习数学。be determined to do sth.意为“决心做某事”,故本空应用不定式形式。
7.were destroyed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:由于建筑材料质量差,几栋房屋在昨晚的风暴中被毁。根据in last night's storm可知,本句动作发生在过去,且句子主语Several houses为复数,和动词destroy之间为被动关系,故本空应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were destroyed。
Ⅲ.1.are cut down 2.in trouble 3.feed on 4.in search of 5.make sure
Ⅳ.1.take measures to change 2.where she worked
3.The more;the heavier
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.migration 考查名词。由空前的不定冠词an和形容词annual可知,此处应用名词。
2.millions 考查数词。millions of是固定短语,意为“数百万的……”,修饰后面的名词短语North American monarch butterflies。
类比启发
hundred、thousand、million、billion等数词前没有具体的数字时,常用复数形式,并与of连用。
3.but 考查连词。设空处前后为两个完整的句子,故此处应用连词连接。上文“它们向南飞行大约四千公里到加利福尼亚州或墨西哥”与下文“直到最近人们才知道它们是如何做到的”是转折关系,故用表示转折意义的连词but。
4.to measure 考查非谓语动词。use sth. to do sth.意为“用某物做某事”,其中的不定式是目的状语,此处表示“用它们的眼睛测量太阳的位置”。
5.them 考查代词。设空处是动词permits的宾语,应用人称代词的宾格形式。
6.amazed 考查形容词。设空处表示人的感受,应用以-ed结尾的形容词;be amazed at是固定短语,意为“对……感到惊讶”。
7.has crashed 考查时态和主谓一致。设空处是宾语从句“their number 7 (crash) up to 90 per cent during the past few years”的谓语。during the past few years是现在完成时的标志性时间状语,number是第三人称单数,故填has crashed。
8.that/which 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,空前为名词places,空后的句子缺少宾语,故推测此处为定语从句。设空处引导该从句,并作从句中介词in的宾语,先行词places指物,故用that或which。
易错归因
本题易错填where。先行词places虽然指地点,但定语从句的引导词应代替先行词在从句中作相应成分,而where是关系副词,不能在从句中作in的宾语。
9.of 考查介词。be aware of是固定短语,意为“意识到”。虽然be aware后也可加that引导的从句,但本空后的部分this creature不是从句。故填of。
10.more 考查比较级。“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”是固定句型,意为“越……,(就)越……”。故填more。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,文章主要讲述初雯雯在父亲的影响下投身蒙新河狸的保护工作,用现代工具和先进设备聚集更多的人去保护野生动物。
1.throwing 考查现在分词。句意:三十多年前,来自中国东部山东省的年轻人初红军来到中国西北部的新疆维吾尔自治区,投身于阿勒泰地区的野生动物研究和保护工作。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词traveled,故设空处应用非谓语动词。throw与其逻辑主语Chu Hongjun之间是主动关系,应用现在分词充当伴随状语,故填throwing。
2.successfully 考查副词。句意:不仅如此,她还成功地号召了一百多万个年轻人共同努力,为蒙新河狸创造一个更好的生活环境,蒙新河狸是生活在中国的唯一的河狸物种。设空处修饰谓语has called on,应用副词形式。故填successfully。
3.that 考查定语从句。句意同上题。设空处无提示词,空前有名词species,空后句子缺少主语,故推测设空处引导定语从句。先行词为beaver species,指物,其前有the only修饰,设空处在从句中作主语,故应用that引导定语从句。
易错归因
本题容易错填which。在限制性定语从句中,先行词为物,关系词在从句中作主语时,可以用that或者which。如果先行词被the only、the very、the last等修饰,关系代词指物时宜用that不宜用which。
4.in 考查介词。句意:这位精通网络的年轻人发起了一个项目——每天24小时直播河狸如何在野外生存。分析句子结构可知,设空处缺少介词和the wild构成介词短语充当句子的地点状语,表示“在野外”,应使用介词in。
5.built 考查过去分词。句意:红外摄像机已经安装好,这样观众就可以监测河狸建造的那些小栖息地周围的生态循环。分析句子可知,从句中已有谓语can monitor,故设空处应用非谓语动词充当后置定语。build与habitats之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式,故填built。
6.equipment 考查名词。分析句子可知,设空处作主语,与空前的tools并列,应用名词形式,equipment为不可数名词,表示“设备”,故填equipment。
7.to observe 考查不定式。句意:此外,初雯雯还愿意带着父母和孩子们去实地考察以直接观察河狸。结合句意可知“实地考察”的目的是“观察河狸”,因此设空处用不定式表目的。故填to observe。
8.are provided 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:她认为,如果有机会让人们更多地了解这种动物,他们就更有可能采取措施保护它。分析句子结构可知,此处是if引导的条件状语从句的谓语部分,从句主语opportunities和所给动词provide之间是被动关系,后面的主句谓语用了一般将来时will be,可知此处应考虑“主将从现”,使用一般现在时。因此,此处需要用一般现在时的被动语态,opportunities是复数形式,故填are provided。
9.more likely 考查形容词比较级。设空处应用形容词构成固定结构“be likely to do sth.(可能做某事)”,结合上文“to learn more about the animal”可知,人们越多了解这种动物,就越有可能保护它,因此设空处用比较级more likely。
10.the 考查冠词。此处特指河狸和公众之间的鸿沟,应用定冠词the修饰名词gap。故填the。
【高频词汇】 1.throw oneself into... 积极投入到……中去 2.stick to坚持 3.belief n.信念;相信 4.call on 号召 5.make a joint effort to do sth.共同努力做某事
6.monitor v.监视 7.communication n.通信;交流
8.advanced adj.先进的;高级的 9.scientific adj.科学的
10.enable v.使能够
【熟词生义】 1.field trip实地考察 2.bridge v.消除(分歧)
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了昆虫数量日益减少的现象以及这个现象带来的危害并呼吁阻止这一现象。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Imagine a world without insects. It might sound good at first without annoying bugs and flies in your apartment.”可知,人们认为没有昆虫,就没有烦人的虫子和苍蝇。由此可推知,人们对昆虫的总体印象是很不好的。故选B。
2.B 词义猜测题。根据画线词前文“The researchers say intensive agriculture...are also significant reasons.(研究人员表示,集约化农业是这种减少的主要原因。尤其是杀虫剂,会破坏昆虫的栖息地。城市化和气候变化也是重要原因。)”可知,人类的农业活动使昆虫处于危险之中。由此可推知画线词所在部分会提到如果人类不改变农业生产方式,昆虫就会灭绝。画线词“convert”意思是“改变”。drop减少;change改变;expand扩大;simplify简化。故选B。
3.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Without insects, many animals would have nothing to eat, and the predators(捕食者)of those animals would go hungry as well. The ecosystem would be thrown off balance.”可知,昆虫维持着地球的生态系统,所以对地球非常重要。故选A。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Sanchez-Bayo的建议“The obvious place to start is with our children, encouraging environmental awareness from an early age.”可知, Sanchez-Bayo认为我们应该鼓励我们的孩子从小就养成环保意识。结合选项可知C项“教育年轻一代了解它”与之相符。
【高频词汇】 1.annoying adj.烦人的 2.make up组成,构成 3.die out灭绝 4.decrease n.& v.减少,下降
5.habitat n.栖息地 6.predict v.预测 7.for it's own sake 为了本身的缘故
【差距词汇】 intensive adj.密集的,集约的
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。安格利亚鲁斯金大学的研究发现,烟花表演会使野生鸟类遭受巨大的痛苦,研究人员建议,烟花表演不应该在野生动物种群众多的地区举行。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Research by Anglia Ruskin University has found that firework displays cause wild birds to suffer significant pain, and researchers have recommended that displays should not take place in areas with large wildlife populations.”可知,研究发现,烟花表演会使野生鸟类遭受巨大的痛苦,因此研究人员建议,烟花表演应该在不伤害野生动物的情况下进行。故选C。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The study involved 20 wild greylag geese fitted with recorders to record their heart rates and body temperatures, which are measures of physiological stress.”可知,给20只野生灰雁装上记录仪是为了测量它们的生理压力。故选D。
7.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It took the geese about five hours to display normal body temperatures.”可知,灰雁需要大约五个小时才能克服烟花表演对体温的影响。故选A。
8.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We need to carry out further research to conclusively tell whether the geese are reacting to the noise or the light pollution from the fireworks, or a combination of both.(我们需要进行进一步的研究,以确定灰雁是对烟花产生的噪声还是光污染作出反应,还是两者兼而有之。)”可知,Wascher的进一步研究可能是关于烟花的噪声和光污染对灰雁的影响。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.pain n.痛苦;疼痛 2.suffer v.遭受
3.take place发生 4.publish v.发表;出版 5.carry out进行;实施 6.involve v.涉及;包含 7.disturb v.使焦虑;打扰 8.anxiety n.焦虑 9.react to对……作出反应
bination n.结合
【差距词汇】 1.bonfire n.篝火;营火 2.fright n.惊吓;恐怖 3.conclusively adv.确凿地;令人信服地
长难句
原句 There have been previous studies showing that fireworks can cause anxiety in pets, for example in dogs, but little research has been done into how animals in the wild react.
分析 本句是由but连接的并列复合句。前一个分句是there be 句型,谓语是have been,主语是previous studies,现在分词短语“showing that...in dogs”作后置定语,修饰studies,其中that 引导宾语从句;后一个分句的主语是little research,谓语是has been done,介词into 后面紧跟how 引导的宾语从句。
译文 之前有研究表明,烟花会引起宠物的焦虑,比如狗,但是对野外的动物会如何反应的研究几乎没有。
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2025外研版高中英语必修第一册
Unit 5 Into the wild
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.(2023全国乙)The (位置) enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background.
2.By clicking on the “donate” button, you can choose to contribute to any of these (慈善机构).
3.The speaker offered some inspiring (解决方法) to address the issue at hand.
4.Every autumn, the monarch butterflies m to warmer regions to escape the cold weather.
5.(2024江苏苏州期中)When suffering from the heavy financial burden, he (寻求) help from his friends and some of them gave him a helping hand.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.It has been proved that social media has a big effect people's opinions of social issues.
2.It is reported that the express delivery company delivers billions of packages (annual).
3.(2022全国甲)From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was (amaze).
4.It is inspiring to know that the person that we had lost track of (eventual) turned up.
5.The advances in modern biomedical technology can significantly improve the patients' chance of (survive).
6.(2024湖南师大附中期中)Ruby wiped her tears and was determined (spare) no effort to learn math with Ollie.
7.Several houses (destroy) in last night's storm because of the poor quality of the construction materials.
Ⅲ.选词填空
in search of; in trouble; cut down; make sure; feed on
Recent data show that more than 1.3 billion trees 1. every year, which makes millions of wild animals 2. . For example, the number of white-headed langurs(白头叶猴), which 3. fresh leaves and branches, has fallen sharply in recent years. Besides, many animals, including foxes and bears, are forced to go into cities 4. food. It is time that we should 5. animals have enough food to eat.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.现在是我们采取措施改变局势的时候了。(measure)
It's time we should the situation.
2.艾丽斯走出她上班的大楼,松了口气。(关系副词引导的定语从句)
Alice stepped out of the tall building and breathed a sigh of relief.(读后续写—动作描写)
3.我越想我的行为,我的心就感到越沉重。(the+比较级...,the+比较级...)
I thought about my actions, my heart felt.(读后续写—心理描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Many animals make an annual 1 (migrate) to find food, seek a partner, or in search of warmer weather at certain times of the year. Every autumn, 2 (million) of North American monarch butterflies start such a journey. They travel about 4,000 kilometres south to California or Mexico, 3 people didn't know how they did this until recently.
Some scientists have found out that these insects can know the time of day and they use their eyes 4 (measure) the position of the sun. The information permits 5 (they) to decide their way to go. Eventually, they manage to arrive in the places where they spend the winter.
People are 6 (amaze) at their mysterious ability and find the solution to the mystery when people find their number 7 (crash) up to 90 per cent during the past few years. Unfortunately, the main reason why the number of them is dropping is human activity. People are destroying the places 8 they live in. They cut down trees and use chemicals which are bad for the plants that monarch caterpillars eat.
Now people begin to be aware 9 this creature and work together to protect them. People hope that the number of them will rise again. The 10 (much) we learn about them, the more likely they are to survive.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024辽宁东北育才学校期中)
More than three decades ago, Chu Hongjun, a young man from East China's Shandong Province, traveled to Northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, 1 (throw) himself into wildlife research and protection work in Altay Prefecture. Today, his 30-year-old daughter, Chu Wenwen, sticks to the belief of him. More than that, she has 2 (successful) called on more than 1 million young people to make a joint effort to create a better living environment for the Mengxin beaver (河狸), the only beaver species 3 lives in China. It is only found along the Ulungur River in Altay.
The web-savvy (精通网络的) youngster has founded a project to livestream(直播), 24 hours a day, how the beavers live 4 the wild. Infrared (红外线的) cameras have been fixed so that viewers can monitor the ecological circulation around those small habitats 5 (build) by the beavers. “We are the young generation that grew up during the Internet boom. Today, modern online communication tools and advanced 6 (equip) used for scientific research enable us to gather more people together in pursuit (追求) of wildlife protection,” she says.
Additionally, Chu Wenwen is also willing to take parents and their children on field trips 7 (observe) beavers first-hand. She believes that if opportunities 8 (provide) for people to learn more about the animal, they will be 9 (likely) to take measures to protect it. “We can bridge 10 gap between the public and the beavers,” she says.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024重庆市第八中学校期中)
Imagine a world without insects. It might sound good at first without annoying bugs and flies in your apartment. However, the results would be harmful.
The number of insects has crashed by more than half in the past decades, according to British biologist Dave Goulson, author of Silent Earth: Averting the Insect Apocalypse. As insects make up most of the known species on this planet, this data is not good news.
Insects are indeed on the path to dying out, according to the first global scientific review of insect population, which was published in the journal Biological Conservation in January 2019. The researchers say intensive agriculture has been the main cause of the decrease. Pesticides(杀虫剂), in particular, destroy insect habitats. Urbanization(城市化)and climate change are also significant reasons. “Unless we convert our ways of producing food, insects will go down the path of dying out in a few decades.”
What would happen to Earth without insects It's almost impossible to predict. Without insects, many animals would have nothing to eat, and the predators(捕食者) of those animals would go hungry as well. The ecosystem would be thrown off balance.
“If the insect species loss cannot be stopped, this will have harmful effects on the planet's ecosystems and the survival of mankind,” said Sanchez-Bayo, one of the authors of the review. The first step to stopping this process is “to build a society that values the natural world, both for what it does for us and for its own sake”, Sanchez-Bayo suggests. “The obvious place to start is with our children, encouraging environmental awareness from an early age.”
1.What is people's general impression of insects
A.Very interesting. B.Quite unpleasant.
C.Extremely helpful. D.Unexpectedly satisfying.
2.What does the underlined word “convert ” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Drop. B.Change. C.Expand. D.Simplify.
3.Why are insects so important to Earth according to this article
A.Insects sustain the earth ecosystem. B.Insects ensure the earth's diversity.
C.Insects make the soil dry and healthy. D.Insects help slow down climate change.
4.What can we do to stop the insect species loss according to Sanchez-Bayo
A.Use nature in a gentle way.
B.Produce less food for human beings.
C.Educate the younger generation to know about it.
D.Provide insects with enough habitats and food.
B
(2024湖北黄冈期中)
Though fireworks(烟花) on Bonfire Night bring joy to many people, it is likely to be a night of fright and pain for the UK's geese.
Research by Anglia Ruskin University has found that firework displays(表演) cause wild birds to suffer significant pain, and researchers have recommended that displays should not take place in areas with large wildlife populations. A study, published in the journal Conservation Physiology, is one of the first carried out into the effects of fireworks on wildlife. It found that the heart rate of geese increased by 96% when they were influenced by firework displays.
The study involved 20 wild greylag geese fitted with recorders to record their heart rates and body temperatures, which are measures of physiological stress. Claudia Wascher, who led the research, found that the average heart rate increased from 63 to 124 beats per minute, and their average body temperature increased from 38℃ to 39℃ in the first hour of firework displays. It took the geese about five hours to display normal body temperatures.
“Ours is one of the first scientific studies to examine whether fireworks disturb wildlife. There have been previous studies showing that fireworks can cause anxiety in pets, for example in dogs, but little research has been done into how animals in the wild react. We need to carry out further research to conclusively tell whether the geese are reacting to the noise or the light pollution from the fireworks, or a combination of both. Many people get a lot of enjoyment from fireworks but it's important that we consider animals both pets and wildlife—whenever planning a display,” Wascher said.
5.What advice do researchers give according to the findings of the study
A.Geese should be protected especially at night.
B.Great attention should be paid to the UK's geese.
C.Firework displays should be held without harming wildlife.
D.Firework displays should take place to bring joy to people.
6.Why were 20 wild greylag geese fitted with recorders
A.To compare the heart rates between them. B.To make them safe and sound in the wild.
C.To keep their body temperatures normal. D.To measure their physiological stress.
7.How long do the geese need to get over the effect of firework displays on body temperatures
A.About five hours. B.About four hours. C.About two hours. D.About one hour.
8.What might Wascher's further research be about
A.The relations between light pollution from fireworks and geese.
B.The effects of noise and light pollution from fireworks on geese.
C.Whether fireworks influence other wild animals.
D.The influence of a firework display on pets and wildlife.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 5 Into the wild
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.position 2.charities 3.solutions 4.migrate
5.sought
Ⅱ.1.on 考查介词。句意:事实证明,社交媒体在人们对社会问题的看法上有很大影响。have an effect on意为“对……有影响”,故本空应用介词on。
2.annually 考查副词。句意:据报道,这家快递公司每年运送数十亿个包裹。本空在句中作状语,应用副词形式。故填annually。
3.amazing 考查形容词。句意:从看到野生动物到目睹日出,整个经历都令人惊叹。本空在句中作表语,且句子主语为the whole experience,再结合句意可知此处意为“令人惊叹的”,应用形容词amazing。
4.eventually 考查副词。句意:得知我们失去联系的那个人终于出现了,真是令人鼓舞。本空作状语,应用副词形式。故填eventually。
5.survival 考查名词。句意:现代生物医学技术的进步可以显著提高患者生存的可能性。根据空前介词of可知,本空应用名词形式。chance of survival意为“生存的可能性”。
类比启发
动词词尾去e+-al→名词(一般是抽象名词):arrive→arrival n.到达;approve→approval n.赞成;propose→proposal n.提议;remove→removal n.移动;refuse→refusal n.拒绝,回绝
6.to spare 考查非谓语动词。句意:鲁比擦了擦眼泪,决心不遗余力地和奥利一起学习数学。be determined to do sth.意为“决心做某事”,故本空应用不定式形式。
7.were destroyed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:由于建筑材料质量差,几栋房屋在昨晚的风暴中被毁。根据in last night's storm可知,本句动作发生在过去,且句子主语Several houses为复数,和动词destroy之间为被动关系,故本空应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were destroyed。
Ⅲ.1.are cut down 2.in trouble 3.feed on 4.in search of 5.make sure
Ⅳ.1.take measures to change 2.where she worked
3.The more;the heavier
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.migration 考查名词。由空前的不定冠词an和形容词annual可知,此处应用名词。
2.millions 考查数词。millions of是固定短语,意为“数百万的……”,修饰后面的名词短语North American monarch butterflies。
类比启发
hundred、thousand、million、billion等数词前没有具体的数字时,常用复数形式,并与of连用。
3.but 考查连词。设空处前后为两个完整的句子,故此处应用连词连接。上文“它们向南飞行大约四千公里到加利福尼亚州或墨西哥”与下文“直到最近人们才知道它们是如何做到的”是转折关系,故用表示转折意义的连词but。
4.to measure 考查非谓语动词。use sth. to do sth.意为“用某物做某事”,其中的不定式是目的状语,此处表示“用它们的眼睛测量太阳的位置”。
5.them 考查代词。设空处是动词permits的宾语,应用人称代词的宾格形式。
6.amazed 考查形容词。设空处表示人的感受,应用以-ed结尾的形容词;be amazed at是固定短语,意为“对……感到惊讶”。
7.has crashed 考查时态和主谓一致。设空处是宾语从句“their number 7 (crash) up to 90 per cent during the past few years”的谓语。during the past few years是现在完成时的标志性时间状语,number是第三人称单数,故填has crashed。
8.that/which 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,空前为名词places,空后的句子缺少宾语,故推测此处为定语从句。设空处引导该从句,并作从句中介词in的宾语,先行词places指物,故用that或which。
易错归因
本题易错填where。先行词places虽然指地点,但定语从句的引导词应代替先行词在从句中作相应成分,而where是关系副词,不能在从句中作in的宾语。
9.of 考查介词。be aware of是固定短语,意为“意识到”。虽然be aware后也可加that引导的从句,但本空后的部分this creature不是从句。故填of。
10.more 考查比较级。“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”是固定句型,意为“越……,(就)越……”。故填more。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,文章主要讲述初雯雯在父亲的影响下投身蒙新河狸的保护工作,用现代工具和先进设备聚集更多的人去保护野生动物。
1.throwing 考查现在分词。句意:三十多年前,来自中国东部山东省的年轻人初红军来到中国西北部的新疆维吾尔自治区,投身于阿勒泰地区的野生动物研究和保护工作。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词traveled,故设空处应用非谓语动词。throw与其逻辑主语Chu Hongjun之间是主动关系,应用现在分词充当伴随状语,故填throwing。
2.successfully 考查副词。句意:不仅如此,她还成功地号召了一百多万个年轻人共同努力,为蒙新河狸创造一个更好的生活环境,蒙新河狸是生活在中国的唯一的河狸物种。设空处修饰谓语has called on,应用副词形式。故填successfully。
3.that 考查定语从句。句意同上题。设空处无提示词,空前有名词species,空后句子缺少主语,故推测设空处引导定语从句。先行词为beaver species,指物,其前有the only修饰,设空处在从句中作主语,故应用that引导定语从句。
易错归因
本题容易错填which。在限制性定语从句中,先行词为物,关系词在从句中作主语时,可以用that或者which。如果先行词被the only、the very、the last等修饰,关系代词指物时宜用that不宜用which。
4.in 考查介词。句意:这位精通网络的年轻人发起了一个项目——每天24小时直播河狸如何在野外生存。分析句子结构可知,设空处缺少介词和the wild构成介词短语充当句子的地点状语,表示“在野外”,应使用介词in。
5.built 考查过去分词。句意:红外摄像机已经安装好,这样观众就可以监测河狸建造的那些小栖息地周围的生态循环。分析句子可知,从句中已有谓语can monitor,故设空处应用非谓语动词充当后置定语。build与habitats之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式,故填built。
6.equipment 考查名词。分析句子可知,设空处作主语,与空前的tools并列,应用名词形式,equipment为不可数名词,表示“设备”,故填equipment。
7.to observe 考查不定式。句意:此外,初雯雯还愿意带着父母和孩子们去实地考察以直接观察河狸。结合句意可知“实地考察”的目的是“观察河狸”,因此设空处用不定式表目的。故填to observe。
8.are provided 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:她认为,如果有机会让人们更多地了解这种动物,他们就更有可能采取措施保护它。分析句子结构可知,此处是if引导的条件状语从句的谓语部分,从句主语opportunities和所给动词provide之间是被动关系,后面的主句谓语用了一般将来时will be,可知此处应考虑“主将从现”,使用一般现在时。因此,此处需要用一般现在时的被动语态,opportunities是复数形式,故填are provided。
9.more likely 考查形容词比较级。设空处应用形容词构成固定结构“be likely to do sth.(可能做某事)”,结合上文“to learn more about the animal”可知,人们越多了解这种动物,就越有可能保护它,因此设空处用比较级more likely。
10.the 考查冠词。此处特指河狸和公众之间的鸿沟,应用定冠词the修饰名词gap。故填the。
【高频词汇】 1.throw oneself into... 积极投入到……中去 2.stick to坚持 3.belief n.信念;相信 4.call on 号召 5.make a joint effort to do sth.共同努力做某事
6.monitor v.监视 7.communication n.通信;交流
8.advanced adj.先进的;高级的 9.scientific adj.科学的
10.enable v.使能够
【熟词生义】 1.field trip实地考察 2.bridge v.消除(分歧)
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了昆虫数量日益减少的现象以及这个现象带来的危害并呼吁阻止这一现象。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Imagine a world without insects. It might sound good at first without annoying bugs and flies in your apartment.”可知,人们认为没有昆虫,就没有烦人的虫子和苍蝇。由此可推知,人们对昆虫的总体印象是很不好的。故选B。
2.B 词义猜测题。根据画线词前文“The researchers say intensive agriculture...are also significant reasons.(研究人员表示,集约化农业是这种减少的主要原因。尤其是杀虫剂,会破坏昆虫的栖息地。城市化和气候变化也是重要原因。)”可知,人类的农业活动使昆虫处于危险之中。由此可推知画线词所在部分会提到如果人类不改变农业生产方式,昆虫就会灭绝。画线词“convert”意思是“改变”。drop减少;change改变;expand扩大;simplify简化。故选B。
3.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Without insects, many animals would have nothing to eat, and the predators(捕食者)of those animals would go hungry as well. The ecosystem would be thrown off balance.”可知,昆虫维持着地球的生态系统,所以对地球非常重要。故选A。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Sanchez-Bayo的建议“The obvious place to start is with our children, encouraging environmental awareness from an early age.”可知, Sanchez-Bayo认为我们应该鼓励我们的孩子从小就养成环保意识。结合选项可知C项“教育年轻一代了解它”与之相符。
【高频词汇】 1.annoying adj.烦人的 2.make up组成,构成 3.die out灭绝 4.decrease n.& v.减少,下降
5.habitat n.栖息地 6.predict v.预测 7.for it's own sake 为了本身的缘故
【差距词汇】 intensive adj.密集的,集约的
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。安格利亚鲁斯金大学的研究发现,烟花表演会使野生鸟类遭受巨大的痛苦,研究人员建议,烟花表演不应该在野生动物种群众多的地区举行。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Research by Anglia Ruskin University has found that firework displays cause wild birds to suffer significant pain, and researchers have recommended that displays should not take place in areas with large wildlife populations.”可知,研究发现,烟花表演会使野生鸟类遭受巨大的痛苦,因此研究人员建议,烟花表演应该在不伤害野生动物的情况下进行。故选C。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The study involved 20 wild greylag geese fitted with recorders to record their heart rates and body temperatures, which are measures of physiological stress.”可知,给20只野生灰雁装上记录仪是为了测量它们的生理压力。故选D。
7.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It took the geese about five hours to display normal body temperatures.”可知,灰雁需要大约五个小时才能克服烟花表演对体温的影响。故选A。
8.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We need to carry out further research to conclusively tell whether the geese are reacting to the noise or the light pollution from the fireworks, or a combination of both.(我们需要进行进一步的研究,以确定灰雁是对烟花产生的噪声还是光污染作出反应,还是两者兼而有之。)”可知,Wascher的进一步研究可能是关于烟花的噪声和光污染对灰雁的影响。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.pain n.痛苦;疼痛 2.suffer v.遭受
3.take place发生 4.publish v.发表;出版 5.carry out进行;实施 6.involve v.涉及;包含 7.disturb v.使焦虑;打扰 8.anxiety n.焦虑 9.react to对……作出反应
bination n.结合
【差距词汇】 1.bonfire n.篝火;营火 2.fright n.惊吓;恐怖 3.conclusively adv.确凿地;令人信服地
长难句
原句 There have been previous studies showing that fireworks can cause anxiety in pets, for example in dogs, but little research has been done into how animals in the wild react.
分析 本句是由but连接的并列复合句。前一个分句是there be 句型,谓语是have been,主语是previous studies,现在分词短语“showing that...in dogs”作后置定语,修饰studies,其中that 引导宾语从句;后一个分句的主语是little research,谓语是has been done,介词into 后面紧跟how 引导的宾语从句。
译文 之前有研究表明,烟花会引起宠物的焦虑,比如狗,但是对野外的动物会如何反应的研究几乎没有。
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