Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth!知识点总结归纳【人教版英语九年级全册】

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth!
Section A
Even the bottom of the river was full of ______. (1C)
the bottom of .... ....的底部 at the bottom of .... 在.....的底部
There is a hotel at the bottom of the flower pot.
反义词： at the top of 在....的顶部
2）be full of = be filled with “充满...”
But it used to be so clean! (1C)
used to be+adj. “过去......”
used to do sth. “过去常常做某事”
be/ get used to doing sth. “习惯于做某事”
be used to do sth. = be used for (doing ) sth.“被用来做某事”
Everyone in this town should play a part in cleaning it up! (1C)
play a part in doing sth. 在做某事上发挥作用，产生影响，等于“play a role in...
I want to play a part in school activities.
clean up 打扫干净 （代词 it/ them 放中间）
4. To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.（2d）
1） 动词不定式 to do 表目的， 意为“为了.....”
2） cut down 减少, 砍倒 cut up 切碎 cut out 删去
cut in 插话 cut off切断，剪断
3）instead of (doing) 代替，而不是....
5. here are other advantages of bike riding. （2d）
(1) other别的；另外的
another用于两者以上的不定数目中的“另一个”，其所修饰的名词前不加冠词
the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分” ，是特指
others 用作代词，泛指“其他人”或“其他事物”
the others 指从整体中除去一部分后，剩余的全部
用other, others, the others与another填空：
①He is taller than any _______ student in his class.
②Some students like pop music; ________ don’t in their school.
③I’m too hungry; could you please give me _______ two hamburgers
④Some of the boys went swimming, while _______ sat on the beach for sun-bathing.
advantage n.可数名词，“优点；优势；有利条件”。
[拓展]与advantage有关的搭配
have the advantage of 有…..的优势/长处 to one’s advantage 对….有利
take advantage of 利用；显眼地 advantages and disadvantages 利弊
反义词为disadvantage，意为“缺点；劣势；不利条件”
It’s good for health and it doesn’t cost anything.
be good for 对.... 有益
be good at= do well in 擅长于 be good with 和某人相处的好
辨析 cost, take, spend , pay
词汇 用法 例子
cost 意为“花费”，主语是“物” The present cost me 100 yuan.
spend 意为“花费”，主语是“人”。 常用短语：人spend 时间/钱 doing sth. 或人 spend 时间/钱 on sth. I spent 100 yuan on the present. =I spent 100 yuan buying the present.
pay sb. pay for sth. sb. pay+金钱+for sth. I paid 100 yuan for the present.
take 意为“花费”，It takes/took sb. 时间to do It took me about 30 minutes to get to school.
选词填空：cost; spend; take
1. He __________ much time on books.
2. It __________ her two hours to walk to the station yesterday.
3. The computer __________ her RMB10000.
4. It __________ me 100 Yuan to buy the book.
not .....anything = nothing
Our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future.
make a difference 产生作用， 产生影响 2) lead to 带领， 导致
3a
When people catch sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the shark back into the ocean
catch 抓住， 赶上 catch a bus 赶上公交车 catch up with 跟上， 赶上
cut off 切断，剪断
This is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment.
not only.... but also “不仅....而且” 就近原则
cruel adj. 残忍的；残酷的 be cruel to 对….残忍
harm n. 伤害 harmful adj. 有害的 harmless adj. 无害的
be harmful to= do harm to “对.... 有害”
2. 辨析：harm, harmful
harm n. do harm to 对…有害 Smoking does harm to your health.
harmful adj. be harmful to对…有害 = be bad for Smoking is harmful to your health.
Without a fin, a shark can no longer swim and slowly dies.
without(+ doing) sth. “没有....”
2）die v. 死 dead adj. 死的 dying adj. 快死的
be dead “表死的状态”
He has been dead for three years.
He died three years ago.
The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.
the numbers of ..... “ ....的数目” a number of “许多....”
percent “百分之.....”
数词+ percent of + n. “...中的百分之多少” 该结构用作句子的主语时， 谓语动词随of 后面的名词变化而变化。
fall by “下降了 .....”
In the last 20 to 30 years “在过去20 到30 年” 与现在完成时连用
in the last 20 to 30 years. 在过去20到30年内（= in the past 20 to 30 years）
现在完成的时间状语：since, so far, for+时间段, by (the end of ...), never, ever, already, yet, in the last/past+时间段。
They have even asked governments to develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins.
develop 发展，养成
develop a hobby 发展一个爱好 ,
stop ....from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
So far, no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.
so far “到目前为止” 与现在完成时连用
现在完成时的结构为have/has +动词的过去分词。
用法 常见的标志词/时间状语
表示过去已经发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 already, never, ever, before, yet, so far等。
表示从过去某时开始持续到现在的动作或状态。 for+时间段； since+时间点； since+从句（一般过去时）等。
表示到现在为止某一动作发生的次数。 once, twice, three times等。
14._____ you ever _____(take ) part in an environment project
Yes, I have. I _____(help) with a Clean-up Day last year. It was ______(consider) the biggest .....
ever “曾经” 与现在完成时连用，
表示过去已经发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
last year “去年” 与一般过去式连用
consider “考虑， 认为” be considered as “被认为是....”
15.I guess everyone in this city is _____(try) to improve the environment.
--- Yes, we can’t afford to ____(wait) any longer to take action.
be + doing 表示进行时态 be + done 表示被动语态
improve “提高， 改善” 高频单词
afford to do sth. “负担得起做某事”
can’t afford to do sth. “不能负担得起做某事”
We can’t afford to go abroad this summer.
take action 采取行动
Grammar Focus
现在进行时
现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。
① 肯定句: 主语 + am/is/are + -ing
② 否定句: 主语 + am/is/are + not + -ing
③ 疑问句: Am/Is/Are + 主语 + -ing
现在进行时的用法
1.表示说话时正在进行的，目前正在发生的动作。
常带有表示目前时刻的时间状语如：now, at the (very) moment, for the time being, at present, 及Look! Listen! ...
① Look! The big bird is flying away.
看，那只大鸟正在飞走。
② He is watching a movie now.
他现在正在看电影。
2.表示目前一段时间内正在进行，但说话时 可能没有进行的动作。
Right now I am studying Chinese by distance learning.
我现在正通过远程教育学习汉语。
used to do & be used to doing
used to do sth. 表示过去常常做某事，而现在往往不做了，后接动词原形
be used to doing sth. 表示习惯于做某事
I used to get up at six o’clock.
我以前六点钟起床。
Joe is used to drinking a cup of coffee every morning.
乔习惯每天早晨喝一杯咖啡。
被动语态：Passive voice
定义：表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象的一种语态。
结构：be + 过去分词
A new school was built last year.
Our classroom is cleaned every day.
①一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are + V-ed
The first section of New College English is designed for speaking practice and is based on pictures and topics.
②一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+ V-ed
These computers were made in our own country last year.
③一般将来时的被动语态：will/shall+be+V-ed
Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony
2. 在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to。
They make her clean the floor.
She is made to clean the floor by them.
3. It + be + V-ed + that从句
=主语+ be + V-ed + to do sth.
表示:据说/据报道/据悉/据信等……
It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.
The boy is said to have passed the national exam.
据说这个男孩已经通过了这次全国性的测试。
现在完成时: Present Perfect
定义：表示动作已经完成, 但对现在造成影响；或者表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能持续下去的动作。
标志词：already, yet, ever, never, since, for…
I haven’t finished my homework yet.
现在完成时 — 构成
肯定句：主语 + have / has + V-ed + 其他
否定句：主语 + haven’t / hasn’t + V-ed + 其他
一般疑问句： Have / Has + 主语 + V-ed+ …？
肯定答语：Yes, 主格代词 + have / has.
否定答语：No, 主格代词 + haven’t / hasn’t.
情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的词义, 表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气, 但不能单独作谓语, 只能与其他动词构成谓语。常见的有: can (could), may(might), must, need, shall (should), will (would)等。
情态动词无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加not。个别情态动词有过去式形式，可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。
Ken can climb up the trees like a koala.
Tracy could ride a bicycle when she was five years old.
You mustn’t play with fire. It is dangerous.
Section B
She lives in a house in the UK that she built herself out of rubbish.
that 引导的定语从句，修饰前面的house . 在从句中做built 的宾语
built sth. out of sth. 由... 建造
The windows and doors come from old buildings around her town that were pulled down
1）come from 来自
were pulled down “被推倒”
辨析：pull down与take down
pull down 指把某物毁坏
take down 指把某物拆下，还可以安装上去，没有毁坏
You can pull down the old house.
Remember to take down our tent before leaving.
Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity.
1）not only 放句首，句子要用部分倒装
bring back to life 恢复生机
作文（3b）
Dear Sir or Madam,
I have lived in this town ever since I was born and I love this town very much. I think that there are beautiful areas in this town, but there are also areas that aren’t attractive, like the rubbish disposal areas at the bottom of our apartment blocks. There is rubbish coming out of the bins, and flies, cockroaches and rats running all over the rubbish. It is unpleasant to look at, smelly, and it makes the environment very unhealthy. The problem is there because the rubbish collectors do not come often enough to collect the rubbish. The people living here may also be throwing away too much rubbish.
We could try to ask people to produce less rubbish. I suggest that rubbish collectors collect rubbish more often as well. I believe that a better environment can be created in this town and we could all work together to achieve it.
Your faithfully,
Wang Xi
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)