Unit 1 Encyclopaedias（B卷·培优卷）
第一部分 选择题部分
一、语法选择(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1～15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。
Thomas Edison lit up the world with invention of the electric light. Without him, the world might still be 1 dark place. However, the electric light was not his only 2 . He invented over 1,200 things. About every two weeks he created 3 .
Thomas Edison 4 born in Ohio, America, on February 11, 1847. He went to school 5 only two months. His mother taught him only 6 things, but most of the time Thomas taught himself. His natural curiosity 7 him to make all kinds of experiments at a young age at home.
8 he was 12 years old, he got his first job. He became a news boy on a train. He set up a laboratory in a baggage car of the train. 9 , his first work experience did not end well. Thomas then worked 10 a telegraph operator for five years. He continued to spend much of his time 11 experiments. He got his first patent (专利) in 1868.
Thomas Edison was deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in 12 , but he thought of his deafness as a blessing in many ways. I kept conversations short so that he could have 13 time for work. Every day he worked 16 out of every 24 hours. Sometimes he worked so intensely (专注地) that 14 wife had to remind him to sleep and eat.
Thomas Edison died at the age of 84 15 October 18, 1931. He left a lot of inventions that improved the quality of life all over the world.
1．A．a B．an C．the D．/
2．A．invent B．inventing C．inventor D．invention
3．A．new something B．something new C．new anything D．anything new
4．A．is B．be C．was D．were
5．A．in B．for C．at D．on
6．A．a little B．a bit of C．a few D．few
7．A．lead B．led C．leading D．leads
8．A．When B．Because C．Though D．If
9．A．But B．So C．Then D．However
10．A．as B．in C．for D．at
11．A．do B．did C．doing D．done
12．A．another B．other C．others D．the other
13．A．many B．fewer C．less D．more
14．A．he B．his C．him D．himself
15．A．on B．in C．at D．for
【答案】
1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．A 11．C 12．D 13．D 14．B 15．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了托马斯 爱迪生一生的经历。
1．句意：没有他，世界可能仍然是一个黑暗的地方。
a不定冠词，表示泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词之前；an不定冠词，表示泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词之前；the定冠词，表示特指等；/不填。根据句意，空处表示泛指，且dark以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故选A。
2．句意：然而，电灯并不是他的唯一发明。
invent发明，动词原形；inventing发明，现在分词形式；inventor发明家；invention发明，名词。空处的词在形容词性物主代词之后，应是名词；结合空前主语“the electric light”可知，空处应是invention“发明”。故选D。
3．句意：大约每两周，他就会创造一个新的东西。
new something错误，形容词修饰不定代词要后置；something new新的东西，用于肯定句；new anything错误，形容词修饰不定代词要后置；anything new新的东西，用于否定句和疑问句。本句为肯定句，应用something new“新的东西”。故选B。
4．句意：托马斯·爱迪生1847年2月11日出生于美国俄亥俄州。
is用于一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数形式；be动词原形；was用于一般过去时，主语是单数；were用于一般过去时，主语是复数形式。句子是一般过去时，主语是第三人称单数形式，故系动词应用was。故选C。
5．句意：他只上了两个月的学。
in在……里；for用于一段时间之前；at在……；on在……上。空处是用于一段时间之前，应用介词for。故选B。
6．句意：他母亲只教了他几件事情。
a little一点，修饰不可数名词；a bit of有点，修饰不可数名词；a few几个，修饰可数名词复数形式；few很少、几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数形式。空处的词是修饰复数名词“things”，且根据后句“but most of the time Thomas taught himself.”可知，空处是表示肯定的含义，故应用a few“几个”。故选C。
7．句意：他天生的好奇心使他在很小的时候就在家里做各种各样的实验。
lead动词原形；led动词过去式；leading动名词形式；leads动词单三式。根据上下文语境可知，句子是一般过去时，故动词应用过去式。故选B。
8．句意：当他12岁时，他得到了第一份工作。
When当……时候；Because因为；Though虽然；If如果。分析空前后句句意可知，空处的词是引导时间状语从句，应用when。故选A。
9．句意：然而，他的第一次工作经历并没有很好地结束。
But但是；So因此；Then然后；However然而，用逗号和后句隔开。分析空前后句句意可知，空处的词表示转折，且有逗号和后句隔开，故应用however“然而”。故选D。
10．句意：托马斯后来当了五年的电报员。
as作为；in在……里；for为了；at在……。根据空后“a telegraph operator”是职业可知，空处应用as“作为”。故选A。
11．句意：他继续花大量时间做实验。
do动词原形；did动词过去式；doing动名词形式；done动词过去分词。spend…(in) doing sth.“花费……干某事”，固定用法。故选C。
12．句意：托马斯·爱迪生一个耳朵聋，另一个有听力障碍。
another三者或三者以上当中的另一个；other别的、其他的；others其他的人或物；the other两者中的另外一个。根据常识可知，人有两只耳朵，此处表示两者中的另外一个有听力障碍。故选D。
13．句意：我保持简短的谈话，以便他有更多的时间工作。
many许多；fewer更少的；less较少的；more更多的。根据前句“I kept conversations short,”可推知，应是以便他有更多的时间工作。故选D。
14．句意：有时，他工作得非常卖力，以至于他的妻子不得不提醒他睡觉和吃饭。
he他，主格代词；his他的，形容词性物主代词；him他，宾格代词；himself他自己，反身代词。空处的词是修饰名词，应用形容词性物主代词。故选B。
15．句意：托马斯·爱迪生于1931年10月18日去世，享年84岁。
on用于具体的某一天之前；in用于年、月和季节之前；at用于具体的某一时刻之前；for用于一段时间之前。根据空后“October 18, 1931”可知，是用于具体的某一天之前，故应用on。故选A。
二、完形填空 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从16～25各题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项。
Not long ago I read something about delicious food in Shunde, Guangdong Province. As a girl from Shunde, I have more to say about my 16 .
Shunde is part of Foshan. It’s near Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Macao. Shunde has a long
history and a 17 culture (文化). It is one of the birthplaces of Guangdong music and opera. And people 18 it the hometown of Chinese folk (民间的) arts.
Shunde is famous for its delicious food, 19 its rice cakes. Many of the best cooks in China learn 20 to cook in Shunde.
There are many beautiful places to visit. You can see both 21 and modern buildings in Shunde. If you come here, Qinghui Garden is surely a place to visit. It is one of the four famous 22 in Guangdong. Besides, Shunde Mountain Park and Chencun Flower World are also well worth (值得) 23 .
Shunde is a rich city with a lot of factories and companies. What’s more, it is the 24 of many famous people, for example, the movie star Bruce Lee.
In a word, Shunde is a great place to 25 the life and culture of southern China. I hope you can come to Shunde!
16．A．church B．building C．university D．hometown
17．A．poor B．rich C．common D．natural
18．A．name B．plan C．leave D．bring
19．A．luckily B．certainly C．especially D．probably
20．A．why B．how C．when D．where
21．A．cheap B．expensive C．comfortable D．traditional
22．A．parks B．gardens C．zoos D．museums
23．A．drawing B．improving C．visiting D．collecting
24．A．home B．office C．market D．space
25．A．describe B．practise C．experience D．mention
【答案】
16．D 17．B 18．A 19．C 20．B 21．D 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者的家乡顺德，包括历史文化，特色饮食，著名景点等。
16．句意：作为顺德来的女孩，关于家乡，我有更多话要说。
church教堂；building建筑；university大学；hometown家乡。根据“As a girl from Shunde”可知作者来自顺德，顺德是她的家乡。故选D。
17．句意：顺德有悠久的历史和丰富的文化。
poor贫穷的；rich丰富的；common普通的；natural合乎情理的。根据“It is one of the birthplaces of Guangdong music and opera.”可知，顺德是广东音乐和歌剧的起源地，文化很丰富。故选B。
18．句意：并且人们称他为中国民间艺术之乡。
name命名；plan打算；leave离开；bring带来。根据“Shunde has a long history and a...culture”可知，本段介绍的是顺德的历史和文化。故选A。
19．句意：顺德以它的美食著名，尤其是它的米糕。
luckily幸运的是；certainly当然；especially尤其；probably可能地。根据“Shunde is famous for its delicious food”可知，顺德以美食著名，后文列举的是年糕，应是特色美食。故选C。
20．句意：中国许多最优秀的厨师都在顺德学习如何烹饪。
why为什么；how怎样；when什么时候；where在哪里。根据“Shunde is famous for its delicious food ”可知，顺德以美食著名，这吸引了很多厨师来学习如何烹饪。故选B。
21．句意：你会在顺德看到传统的建筑和现代的建筑。
cheap便宜的；expensive昂贵的；comfortable舒服的；traditional传统的。根据“You can see both and modern buildings in Shunde. ”可知，空格处填的内容应是与modern相对应的词。故选D。
22．句意：它是广东四大园林之一。
parks公园；gardens园林；zoos动物园；museums博物馆。根据“Qinghui Garden is surely a place to visit. ”可知，Qinghui Garden是一个园林。故选B。
23．句意：而且顺德山公园和陈村花卉世界也是很值得参观的。
drawing绘画；improving改善；visiting参观；collecting收集。根据“ There are many beautiful places to visit. ”可知，本段讲的是参观名胜古迹。故选C。
24．句意：而且，它是许多名人的定居地，比如，电影明星李小龙。
home定居地；office办公室；market市场；space空间。根据“Shunde is a rich city with a lot of factories and companies.”可知，本段讲的是顺德是一个富有的城市，有工厂，公司，还有名人。故选A。
25．句意：总之，顺德是体验中国南方生活和文化的好地方。
describe描述；practise练习；experience体验；mention提及。根据“I hope you can come to Shunde!”及文章内容可知，作者介绍了顺德的历史文化等，希望读者来顺德亲身体验一番。故选C。
阅读理解 (共两节，满分35分)
阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从26-40各题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Foxes with nine tails, animals with human faces and fish bodies, turtles with bird heads and snake tails...these magical animals are from Shan Hai Jing (The Classic of Mountains and Seas). This old book played an important role in the world and inspired today’s works. Let’s learn more about it!
Shan Hai Jing took shape before the Qin Dynasty (221—206 BC). Like an encyclopedia, it writes about the world in the eyes of people at that time. The 30, 000-word book records about 40 states, 550 mountains, 300 rivers, more than 100 people in history and 400 interesting animals.
Shan Hai Jing had a deep influence on the culture of mythology (神话学) in the world. It was taken to Japan during the Sui (581—618) and Tang (618—907), or much earlier. In Japan, it was popular. People there once saw it as a guidebook for traveling in China. The book’s monsters were also popular.
Shan Hai Jing has inspired many works. Liu Siliang is a teacher at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. He said the book inspired the writing of Journey to the West and Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio. Pop culture works also borrow ideas from the book. Some of animals in the book even go into movies, such as Zouwu, the star monster in Shan Hai Jing. It has a tiger-body with stripes of five colors. Its tail is longer than its body. It can travel 1, 600 kilometers in a day. We can see it in the popular movie Fantastic Beasts II in 2021.
26．Why did the writer talk about the strange animals in Paragraph 1
A．To answer some questions. B．To give some examples.
C．To interest the readers. D．To make a conclusion.
27．The underlined word “inspired” in Paragraph 1 has similar meaning to the underlined word in ________.
A．We need someone to inspire the team.
B．He inspired many young people to take up basketball.
C．His driving hardly inspires confidence (信心).
D．His book was inspired by the story of a little girl.
28．Which of the following can you find in Shan Hai Jing
①states ②mountains ③rivers ④plants ⑤monsters
A．①②③④ B．①②③⑤ C．②③④⑤ D．①③④⑤.
29．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Many works borrow ideas from Shan Hai Jing.
B．Shan Hai Jing includes many special monsters.
C．Some monsters in the book go into movies.
D．Shan Hai Jing inspires Pop culture works.
【答案】26．C 27．D 28．B 29．D
【导语】本文主要是讲述了中国的《山海经》启发了世界的许多作品。
26．推理判断题。由第一段句子“Foxes with nine tails, animals with human faces and fish bodies, turtles with bird heads and snake tails...these magical animals are from Shan Hai Jing (The Classic of Mountains and Seas)”可知，作者提到这些奇怪的动物是为了吸引读者，故选C。
27．词句猜测题。根据“This old book played an important role in the world and inspired today’s works.”可知这本书在世界上发挥了重要作用，并启发了今天的作品，故此处划线部分意为“启发”，和选项D“他的书是被一个小女孩的故事所启发的”中的inspire意义相近。故选D。
28．细节理解题。由第二段句子“The 30, 000-word book records about 40 states, 550 mountains, 300 rivers, more than 100 people in history and 400 interesting animals.”可知《山海经》提到了国家、山、河、人以及动物，故选B。
29．主旨大意题。根据“Shan Hai Jing has inspired many works...”可知本段主要介绍了《山海经》启发了很多作品。故选D。
B
During the Han Dynasty, there was a historian named Sima Qian. One day, the emperor got a message that the captain from northern China. It said that the general (将军) Li Ling had given in (投降) to the enemy. The emperor was very angry with Li Ling. But Sima Qian didn’t say a word.
The emperor asked Sima Qian what he thought about the matter. He answered, “The enemy has 30,000 soldiers, but Li has only 5,000 men. He has been fighting hard for more than ten days. Li only gave in because they had run out of food. I believe he is waiting for another chance to attack.”
When the emperor heard his words, he got even angrier. He punished Sima Qian badly. Sima Qian felt so humiliated (受辱的) that he once wanted to kill himself. But in a letter to his friend, “If I die now, it’s like one hair falling from nine cows. I don’t want to die like a nobody. I will first finish the history book that I am writing.
Later, Sima Qian did finish the book, Records of the Grand Historian (《史记》)
30．Why was the emperor angry according to Paragraph 1
A．Because Li Ling gave in to Sima Qian’s army.
B．Because Sima Qian didn’t say a word for Li Ling.
C．Because Li Ling gave up fighting with the enemy.
D．Because Sima Qian sent a message to the emperor.
31．In what order did the following happen in the story
a.Sima Qian decided to keep on writing his history book.
b.Sima Qian didn’t say a word for Li Ling.
c.Sima Qian showed his belief in Li Ling to the emperor.
d.Sima Qian wanted to kill himself.
e.Sima Qian was punished badly by the emperor.
A．c-b-e-d-a B．c-e-d-a-b
C．b-c-e-a-d D．b-c-e-d-a
32．What did Sima Qian mean by saying “it’s like one hair falling from nine cows” in the third paragraph
A．He didn’t want to die like hair falling from nine cows.
B．His life would be different if he died after being punished.
C．His life was a tiny part of something much more important.
D．He wanted to become one hair falling from nine cows.
33．What kind of man is Sima Qian according to the story
A．Kind and helpful.
B．Brave and clever.
C．Friendly and gentle.
D．Polite and honest.
【答案】30．C 31．D 32．A 33．B
【导语】本文主要讲了汉朝时期，历史学家司马迁遭受了严重的惩罚，因为他为被敌人击败的李陵辩护。尽管受到严厉的惩罚，司马迁仍然坚持完成了他的著作《史记》，这本书成为了中国历史上最著名的书籍之一。
30．细节理解题。根据“t said that the general (将军) Li Ling had given in (投降) to the enemy. The emperor was very angry with Li Ling”可知皇帝对李陵生气，因为他向敌人屈服了。故选C。
31．细节理解题。根据第一段“But Sima Qian didn’t say a word.”可知司马迁没有为李陵说话，b排第一位，排除AB；根据第三段“He punished Sima Qian badly...at he once wanted to kill himself...I will first finish the history book that I am writing.”可知皇帝惩罚了他，他想要自杀，但是他继续写书，故d排在a之前，排除C。故选D。
32．词义猜测题。根据“it’s like one hair falling from nine cows. I don’t want to die like a nobody”可知他不想像个无名小卒一样死去，故划线部分和选项A意义相近。故选A。
33．推理判断题。通读全文可知，司马迁遭受了严重的惩罚，因为他为被敌人击败的李陵辩护。尽管受到严厉的惩罚，司马迁仍然坚持完成了他的著作《史记》，可见他是勇敢和聪明的。故选B。
C
Owls are active mainly at night. They hunt when it’s completely dark. Most of us go about our business in
the daytime. We hardly ever see owls, but many of us like these night birds very much.
Our love for owls has a long history, and it’s in all cultures. No matter how far you go back, there are always some types of artwork or story about an owl. These days, we can find owls on company logos, in children’s book, etc. So, what is it about owls that makes them so popular
Some bird researchers believe owls popularity lies largely in their “cool” looks. Their eyes have developed into large ones, and they use such big eyes to see clearly in the dark. Unlike human eyes, their eyes are cylindrical. So, owls cannot roll their eyes. Their heads have to do most of the rolling-around work. It’s also for this reason that owls can turn their heads almost entirely around on their necks.
Owls also use sound to hunt. Their ears are lopsided-the left ear is a bit higher than the right ear. A noise goes in one ear before it arrives in the other. This helps owls tell which direction a sound is coming from. To make their sense of hearing even better, the owl’s entire face acts like a satellite dish for sound waves. Their mouths are tiny so that they won’t get in the way.
Thanks to such unusual looks and abilities, owls became known as mysterious (神秘的) animals. Over the centuries, lots of myths (神话) about them have been created. Some have described owls as the goddess of wisdom. Some have seen them as witches. These stories have made more people become interested in owls and made these birds become more popular.
34．What is special about their ears
A．Their ears are cylindrical.
B．Their ears are like a satellite dish.
C．Their ears won’t get in the way.
D．The left ear is a bit higher than the right ear.
35．Which of the following is NOT the reason that owls become so popular
A．A long history. B．“Cool” looks.
C．Unusual abilities. D．Lots of stories.
36．What’s the passage mainly about
A．It tells us some information about owls’ look.
B．It tells us some myths about owls.
C．It tells us why owls are so popular.
D．It tell us the special abilities of owls.
37．Where can we find this article
A．In a travel guide. B．In a news report.
C．In a fashion magazine. D．In an encyclopedia about animals.
【答案】34．D 35．A 36．C 37．D
【导语】本文主要介绍猫头鹰不寻常的外表和能力，揭示它们深受人们欢迎的原因。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段“Their ears are lopsided-the left ear is a bit higher than the right ear”，可知猫头鹰的左耳比右耳高一点，故选D。
35．细节理解题。根据第三段“Some bird researchers believe owls popularity lies largely in their ‘cool’ looks”，可知猫头鹰受欢迎的主要原因是它们“酷”的外表，故选A。
36．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合“So, what is it about owls that makes them so popular…These stories have made more people become interested in owls and made these birds become more popular”，可知短文主要告诉我们为什么猫头鹰如此受欢迎，故选C。
37．推理判断题。根据短文内容，主要介绍了猫头鹰不寻常的外表和能力，可知在科学杂志或者关于动物的百科全书里能读到，故选D。
D
Desert
A desert is a large area of land with little water and few plants growing on it.
What are deserts like
Deserts can be hot and dry places. Rain may not fall there for months or years. Some deserts are sandy and stony, Deserts can also be very windy places. The wind can change the shape of the deserts. It moves sand around from place to place.
Temperatures in the desert can vary greatly. In the daytime, the temperature may reach 40℃ even in the shade (阴凉处). At night deserts can become icy cold.
Living in the desert
The camel is sometimes called “the ship of the desert”. It stores food in its hump (驼峰) and can go for days without water. With large feet, it isn’t easy to fall into the soft sand. Its long eyelashes (睫毛) keep out the sand during sandstorms.
An oasis is an area of the desert. People may find water there. The water may be in pools or under the ground. People and animals visit an oasis for water and food. Plants grow at an oasis. Some farmers are able to grow crops here.
The Arabian Desert
The Arabian Desert lies between the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf. In some part of the desert, it is too hot for people to live in. Oil was found under parts of the desert and in the Arabian Gulf. This oil has made some countries in the area very rich. People have spent much of the money building fine cities with lovely parks and lakes and lived a comfortable life there.
38．The word “vary” in the passage means “________”.
A．be low B．be high C．be similar D．be different
39．Which of the following is True according to the passage
A．People and animals visit an oasis for crops and oil.
B．Deserts can be rainy and windy for months or years.
C．The camel’s eyelashes can keep off the sand during sandstorms.
D．All Arabian countries in the desert are rich because of the oil.
40．In which of the encyclopaedias below can you find the passage
A． B．
C． D．
【答案】38．D 39．C 40．A
【导语】本文介绍了沙漠的样子，温度，沙漠里的生物，沙漠中的绿洲，以及阿拉伯沙漠。
38．词句猜测题。根据“Temperatures in the desert can vary greatly. In the daytime, the temperature may reach 40℃ even in the shade (阴凉处). At night deserts can become icy cold.”可知，沙漠里白天温度达到40℃，晚上变得冰冷，因此沙漠里的温度是变化的，不同的，故选D。
39．细节理解题。根据“Its long eyelashes (睫毛) keep out the sand during sandstorms.”可知，骆驼的长睫毛阻挡沙尘暴期间的沙子。因此C项是正确的，故选C。
40．推理判断题。根据“A desert is a large area of land with little water and few plants growing on it.”可知，本文介绍了沙漠，因此应摘自《地理百科全书》，故选A。
阅读填空（ 每小题1分，共5分）
阅读短文及文后选项，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，把答案写在答题卷相应的空格中。
A show about the Grand Canal-Paddling for a Thousand Miles（<舟楫千里-大运河文化展>） ended at the National Museum of China in Beijing on March 1.
41 . It is more than 2,500 years. 42 . It is nearly 3,200 kilometers long. It has made a big difference to the development of Chinese economics and culture for hundreds of years.
43 . So it was difficult to transport（运输） large-sized goods. Economic and cultural exchanges were able to develop further after the Grand Canal connected（连接） the north and the south.
In fact, the Grand Canal was important in other ways. 44 . Materials from different parts of the country were sent to Beijing through the canal. 45 .
“Today, the busy area is just something from the past. However, the spirit of openness has become part of the local culture.” Xinhua reported.
A．Before it was built, people in ancient China used horses, or just traveled on foot, to transport goods.
B．It played an important role in building the Forbidden City.
C．It is known as the world’s longest man-made waterway.
D．What’s more, Peking roast duck even owes（把……归功于） its beginnings to the canal.
E．The Grand Canal has a long history.
【答案】41．E 42．C 43．A 44．B 45．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大运河的历史、长度以及它在中国经济和文化发展中的重要性。
41．根据下一句“It is more than 2,500 years.”可知它有2500多年的历史，说明此处应是谈及大运河历史。选项E“大运河有着悠长的历史”，符合题意。故选E。
42．根据下一句“It is nearly 3,200 kilometers long.”可知大运河有接近3200千米长，因此此空应是说明大运河的长度方面的问题。选项C“它被认为是世界上最长的人工运河而闻名于世”，符合题意。故选C。
43．根据下一句“So it was difficult to transport（运输） large-sized goods.”可知在古代要运输大体积的货物是很困难的，因此此空应是谈及古代的运输情况。选项A“在大运河被建造之前，中国古代的人们用马匹，或徒步来运输货物”符合题意。故选A。
44．根据上一句“In fact, the Grand Canal was important in other ways.”可知大运河在其他方面也是非常重要的，因此此空应是举例说明在哪些方面的重要性。选项B“它在紫禁城的建造中起着重要的作用”符合题意。故选B。
45．根据第四段第一句“In fact, the Grand Canal was important in other ways.”可知大运河在其他方面也是非常重要的，接下来举了建造紫禁城的例子说明其重要性，因此此空也可能列举在其他方面的重要性。选项D“还有，北京烤鸭甚至把它的起源也归功于这条大运河”符合题意。故选D。
第二部分 非选择题
四、写作部分
第一节 语篇填词 每小题1分，共5分）
根据短文意思及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词，使其意思通顺、语法正确。(每空限填一词)
Lionel Andrés Messi, who was b 46 on June 24, 1987 in the city of Rosario, Argentina, is known as the best football player in the world. In the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar, he helped his team w 47 the World
Club Championship.
Messi grew up playing football. He showed great a 48 in playing football at his early age. He joined his first club when he was five. At the age of eight, he signed up for the famous Newell’s Old Boys’ youth team.
Unfortunately, his career nearly ended when his doctors found out he suffered from a growth hormone deficiency (生长激素缺乏症). Someone a 49 him to give up his career, but he chose to stick to his profession and seek treatment actively. Finally, he made a great s 50 around the world. He is such a fantastic football player that we should learn from his persistence.
【答案】46．(b)orn 47．(w)in 48．(a)bility 49．(a)sked 50．(s)uccess
【导语】本文为记叙文，介绍了足球运动员莱昂内尔安德雷斯梅西。
46．句意：莱昂内尔安德雷斯梅西，1987年6月24日在阿根廷罗萨里奥市出生，被称为世界上最好的足球运动员。根据“on June 24, 1987”，可知是他的出生日期，be born“出生”。故填(b)orn。
47．句意：在2022年卡塔尔世界杯上，他帮助他的球队赢得了世界俱乐部冠军。 win“赢得” 符合题意，help sb do sth“帮助某人做某事”。故填(w)in。
48．句意：他很小的时候就表现出踢足球的才能。结合首字母，ability“才能” 符合题意，用名词作宾语。故填(a)bility。
49．句意：有人让他放弃事业，但他选择了坚持自己的职业，积极寻求治疗。结合首字母，ask“让” 符合题意，一般过去时中谓语动词用过去式asked。故填(a)sked。
50．句意：最后，他在世界各地取得了巨大的成功。结合首字母，success“成功” 符合题意，great后跟名词。故填(s)uccess。
第二节、完成句子 （ 每小题2分，共10分）
51．你昨天在字典里查阅了这些单词吗？
you the words in the dictionary yesterday
【答案】 Did look up
【详解】由句意可知，这是一般疑问句。再根据“yesterday”可知，问的是过去的事，句子用一般过去时。所以第一个空填did。查阅：look up，助动词后用原形。故填Did；look；up。
52．你比较喜欢住在城市还是乡下？
Do you prefer to live in the city or
【答案】 in the countryside/country
【详解】在乡下：in the countryside/country，介词短语。故填in；the；countryside/country。
53．今天天气真好。我们去散步吧。
It’s a fine day today. Let’s .
【答案】 go for a walk
【详解】go for a walk“去散步”，let sb do sth“让某人做某事”，第一空填动词原形，故填go；for；a；walk。
54．我希望弄清楚世界正在发生什么。
I hope what's going on around the world.
【答案】to find out
【详解】根据汉英对照可知，本题考查hope to do sth“希望做某事”；弄清楚“find out”，为动词短语。故空格上应填to find out。故填to find out。
55．格林家扔掉的玻璃和布朗家一样多。
The Greens throw away the Browns.
【答案】 as much glass as
【详解】“和……一样”as…as；“玻璃”glass，不可数名名词；“多”much，修饰不可数名词。根据句子结构和中英文提示，故填as; much; glass; as。
第三节、书面表达（15分）
56．假定你是张华，你通过学校网络课程学习了《永乐大典》， 你对此非常感兴趣并上网搜索了解了很多有关《永乐大典》的知识。你的外国友人Alice也想更地了解《永乐大典》。请你根据所给的提示和要求，写一封电子邮件为她介绍一下这套书。
《永乐大典》
类型 全世界最大最早的百科全书之一
完成时间 明朝，1408年
特征 内容丰富；插图好看；语言简单易懂
意义 讲述了中国传统的文化知识，包括历史、地理、科技。
要求：1. 词数80左右（开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数）；
2. 必须包含表格中的所有内容；
3. 要点齐全，可适当发挥；
4. 邮件中不得出现真实姓名和校名；
5. 条理清楚，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范。
参考词汇：1. 明朝 the Ming Dynasty；2. 内容 content；3. 插图 colorful pictures；4. 语言 language；5. 科技 science and technology
Dear Alice,
How are you doing I would like to share with you something about a great encyclopaedia, Yongle Dadian. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I am looking forward to your visit to China.
Best wishes,
Zhang Hua
【答案】例文：
Dear Alice,
How are you doing I would like to share with you something about a great encyclopedia, Yongle Dadian. I learned it through school’s online courses and was deeply attracted by its content, so I have done a lot to know more about it. This book is known as the largest and earliest encyclopedia in the world, written in 1408, during the Ming Dynasty in China. I feel very proud that we have such a great book, which contains many advantages, such as rich contents, beautiful and colorful pictures, and the simple and easily-understood language. The most important is that, for many Chinese people, it has far-reaching significance, telling us China’s traditional cultural knowledge, including history, geography, science and technology. It helps everyone get a better understanding of China. I believe you will love it as soon as you read it.
I am looking forward to your visit to China.
Best wishes,
Zhang Hua
【详解】[总体分析]
①体裁：本文是一篇应用文，是向朋友介绍一套书的邮件；
②时态：本文时态以一般现在时为主，描述个人经历时用一般过去时或现在完成时 ；
③提示：写作要点已给出，应注意不要遗漏题干给出的要点，适当增加细节，灵活运用恰当的句型，使行文流畅自然。
[写作步骤]
第一步，总体介绍《永乐大典》的概况；
第二步，详细介绍《永乐大典》的类型、特征和历史意义等；
第三步，表达自己对《永乐大典》的评价，并在文末表达期盼之情。
[亮点词汇]
①be deeply attracted by被……深深吸引
②be known as被称为
③far-reaching significance意义深远
[高分句型]
①This book is known as the largest and earliest encyclopedia in the world, written in 1408, during the Ming Dynasty in China.（过去分词短语表示伴随）
②I feel very proud that we have such a great book, which contains many advantages, such as rich contents, beautiful and colorful pictures, and the simple and easily-understood language.（本句包含多个从句；which引导非限定性定语从句）
③I believe you will love it as soon as you read it.（as soon as引导条件状语从句）Unit 1 Encyclopaedias（B卷·培优卷）
第一部分 选择题部分
一、语法选择(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1～15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。
Thomas Edison lit up the world with invention of the electric light. Without him, the world might still be 1 dark place. However, the electric light was not his only 2 . He invented over 1,200 things. About every two weeks he created 3 .
Thomas Edison 4 born in Ohio, America, on February 11, 1847. He went to school 5 only two months. His mother taught him only 6 things, but most of the time Thomas taught himself. His natural curiosity 7 him to make all kinds of experiments at a young age at home.
8 he was 12 years old, he got his first job. He became a news boy on a train. He set up a laboratory in a baggage car of the train. 9 , his first work experience did not end well. Thomas then worked 10 a telegraph operator for five years. He continued to spend much of his time 11 experiments. He got his first patent (专利) in 1868.
Thomas Edison was deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in 12 , but he thought of his deafness as a blessing in many ways. I kept conversations short so that he could have 13 time for work. Every day he worked 16 out of every 24 hours. Sometimes he worked so intensely (专注地) that 14 wife had to remind him to sleep and eat.
Thomas Edison died at the age of 84 15 October 18, 1931. He left a lot of inventions that improved the quality of life all over the world.
1．A．a B．an C．the D．/
2．A．invent B．inventing C．inventor D．invention
3．A．new something B．something new C．new anything D．anything new
4．A．is B．be C．was D．were
5．A．in B．for C．at D．on
6．A．a little B．a bit of C．a few D．few
7．A．lead B．led C．leading D．leads
8．A．When B．Because C．Though D．If
9．A．But B．So C．Then D．However
10．A．as B．in C．for D．at
11．A．do B．did C．doing D．done
12．A．another B．other C．others D．the other
13．A．many B．fewer C．less D．more
14．A．he B．his C．him D．himself
15．A．on B．in C．at D．for
二、完形填空 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从16～25各题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项。
Not long ago I read something about delicious food in Shunde, Guangdong Province. As a girl from Shunde, I have more to say about my 16 .
Shunde is part of Foshan. It’s near Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Macao. Shunde has a long
history and a 17 culture (文化). It is one of the birthplaces of Guangdong music and opera. And people 18 it the hometown of Chinese folk (民间的) arts.
Shunde is famous for its delicious food, 19 its rice cakes. Many of the best cooks in China learn 20 to cook in Shunde.
There are many beautiful places to visit. You can see both 21 and modern buildings in Shunde. If you come here, Qinghui Garden is surely a place to visit. It is one of the four famous 22 in Guangdong. Besides, Shunde Mountain Park and Chencun Flower World are also well worth (值得) 23 .
Shunde is a rich city with a lot of factories and companies. What’s more, it is the 24 of many famous people, for example, the movie star Bruce Lee.
In a word, Shunde is a great place to 25 the life and culture of southern China. I hope you can come to Shunde!
16．A．church B．building C．university D．hometown
17．A．poor B．rich C．common D．natural
18．A．name B．plan C．leave D．bring
19．A．luckily B．certainly C．especially D．probably
20．A．why B．how C．when D．where
21．A．cheap B．expensive C．comfortable D．traditional
22．A．parks B．gardens C．zoos D．museums
23．A．drawing B．improving C．visiting D．collecting
24．A．home B．office C．market D．space
25．A．describe B．practise C．experience D．mention
阅读理解 (共两节，满分35分)
阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从26-40各题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Foxes with nine tails, animals with human faces and fish bodies, turtles with bird heads and snake tails...these magical animals are from Shan Hai Jing (The Classic of Mountains and Seas). This old book played an important role in the world and inspired today’s works. Let’s learn more about it!
Shan Hai Jing took shape before the Qin Dynasty (221—206 BC). Like an encyclopedia, it writes about the world in the eyes of people at that time. The 30, 000-word book records about 40 states, 550 mountains, 300 rivers, more than 100 people in history and 400 interesting animals.
Shan Hai Jing had a deep influence on the culture of mythology (神话学) in the world. It was taken to Japan during the Sui (581—618) and Tang (618—907), or much earlier. In Japan, it was popular. People there once saw it as a guidebook for traveling in China. The book’s monsters were also popular.
Shan Hai Jing has inspired many works. Liu Siliang is a teacher at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. He said the book inspired the writing of Journey to the West and Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio. Pop culture works also borrow ideas from the book. Some of animals in the book even go into movies, such as Zouwu, the star monster in Shan Hai Jing. It has a tiger-body with stripes of five colors. Its tail is longer than its body. It can travel 1, 600 kilometers in a day. We can see it in the popular movie Fantastic Beasts II in 2021.
26．Why did the writer talk about the strange animals in Paragraph 1
A．To answer some questions. B．To give some examples.
C．To interest the readers. D．To make a conclusion.
27．The underlined word “inspired” in Paragraph 1 has similar meaning to the underlined word in ________.
A．We need someone to inspire the team.
B．He inspired many young people to take up basketball.
C．His driving hardly inspires confidence (信心).
D．His book was inspired by the story of a little girl.
28．Which of the following can you find in Shan Hai Jing
①states ②mountains ③rivers ④plants ⑤monsters
A．①②③④ B．①②③⑤ C．②③④⑤ D．①③④⑤.
29．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Many works borrow ideas from Shan Hai Jing.
B．Shan Hai Jing includes many special monsters.
C．Some monsters in the book go into movies.
D．Shan Hai Jing inspires Pop culture works.
B
During the Han Dynasty, there was a historian named Sima Qian. One day, the emperor got a message that the captain from northern China. It said that the general (将军) Li Ling had given in (投降) to the enemy. The emperor was very angry with Li Ling. But Sima Qian didn’t say a word.
The emperor asked Sima Qian what he thought about the matter. He answered, “The enemy has 30,000 soldiers, but Li has only 5,000 men. He has been fighting hard for more than ten days. Li only gave in because they had run out of food. I believe he is waiting for another chance to attack.”
When the emperor heard his words, he got even angrier. He punished Sima Qian badly. Sima Qian felt so humiliated (受辱的) that he once wanted to kill himself. But in a letter to his friend, “If I die now, it’s like one hair falling from nine cows. I don’t want to die like a nobody. I will first finish the history book that I am writing.
Later, Sima Qian did finish the book, Records of the Grand Historian (《史记》)
30．Why was the emperor angry according to Paragraph 1
A．Because Li Ling gave in to Sima Qian’s army.
B．Because Sima Qian didn’t say a word for Li Ling.
C．Because Li Ling gave up fighting with the enemy.
D．Because Sima Qian sent a message to the emperor.
31．In what order did the following happen in the story
a.Sima Qian decided to keep on writing his history book.
b.Sima Qian didn’t say a word for Li Ling.
c.Sima Qian showed his belief in Li Ling to the emperor.
d.Sima Qian wanted to kill himself.
e.Sima Qian was punished badly by the emperor.
A．c-b-e-d-a B．c-e-d-a-b
C．b-c-e-a-d D．b-c-e-d-a
32．What did Sima Qian mean by saying “it’s like one hair falling from nine cows” in the third paragraph
A．He didn’t want to die like hair falling from nine cows.
B．His life would be different if he died after being punished.
C．His life was a tiny part of something much more important.
D．He wanted to become one hair falling from nine cows.
33．What kind of man is Sima Qian according to the story
A．Kind and helpful. B．Brave and clever.
C．Friendly and gentle. D．Polite and honest.
C
Owls are active mainly at night. They hunt when it’s completely dark. Most of us go about our business in the daytime. We hardly ever see owls, but many of us like these night birds very much.
Our love for owls has a long history, and it’s in all cultures. No matter how far you go back, there are always some types of artwork or story about an owl. These days, we can find owls on company logos, in children’s book, etc. So, what is it about owls that makes them so popular
Some bird researchers believe owls popularity lies largely in their “cool” looks. Their eyes have developed into large ones, and they use such big eyes to see clearly in the dark. Unlike human eyes, their eyes are
cylindrical. So, owls cannot roll their eyes. Their heads have to do most of the rolling-around work. It’s also for this reason that owls can turn their heads almost entirely around on their necks.
Owls also use sound to hunt. Their ears are lopsided-the left ear is a bit higher than the right ear. A noise goes in one ear before it arrives in the other. This helps owls tell which direction a sound is coming from. To make their sense of hearing even better, the owl’s entire face acts like a satellite dish for sound waves. Their mouths are tiny so that they won’t get in the way.
Thanks to such unusual looks and abilities, owls became known as mysterious (神秘的) animals. Over the centuries, lots of myths (神话) about them have been created. Some have described owls as the goddess of wisdom. Some have seen them as witches. These stories have made more people become interested in owls and made these birds become more popular.
34．What is special about their ears
A．Their ears are cylindrical.
B．Their ears are like a satellite dish.
C．Their ears won’t get in the way.
D．The left ear is a bit higher than the right ear.
35．Which of the following is NOT the reason that owls become so popular
A．A long history. B．“Cool” looks.
C．Unusual abilities. D．Lots of stories.
36．What’s the passage mainly about
A．It tells us some information about owls’ look.
B．It tells us some myths about owls.
C．It tells us why owls are so popular.
D．It tell us the special abilities of owls.
37．Where can we find this article
A．In a travel guide. B．In a news report.
C．In a fashion magazine. D．In an encyclopedia about animals.
D
Desert
A desert is a large area of land with little water and few plants growing on it.
What are deserts like
Deserts can be hot and dry places. Rain may not fall there for months or years. Some deserts are sandy and stony, Deserts can also be very windy places. The wind can change the shape of the deserts. It moves sand around from place to place.
Temperatures in the desert can vary greatly. In the daytime, the temperature may reach 40℃ even in the shade (阴凉处). At night deserts can become icy cold.
Living in the desert
The camel is sometimes called “the ship of the desert”. It stores food in its hump (驼峰) and can go for days without water. With large feet, it isn’t easy to fall into the soft sand. Its long eyelashes (睫毛) keep out the sand during sandstorms.
An oasis is an area of the desert. People may find water there. The water may be in pools or under the ground. People and animals visit an oasis for water and food. Plants grow at an oasis. Some farmers are able to grow crops here.
The Arabian Desert
The Arabian Desert lies between the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf. In some part of the desert, it is too hot for people to live in. Oil was found under parts of the desert and in the Arabian Gulf. This oil has made some countries in the area very rich. People have spent much of the money building fine cities with lovely parks and lakes and lived a comfortable life there.
38．The word “vary” in the passage means “________”.
A．be low B．be high C．be similar D．be different
39．Which of the following is True according to the passage
A．People and animals visit an oasis for crops and oil.
B．Deserts can be rainy and windy for months or years.
C．The camel’s eyelashes can keep off the sand during sandstorms.
D．All Arabian countries in the desert are rich because of the oil.
40．In which of the encyclopaedias below can you find the passage
A． B．
C． D．
阅读填空（ 每小题1分，共5分）
阅读短文及文后选项，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，把答案写在答题卷相应的空格中。
A show about the Grand Canal-Paddling for a Thousand Miles（<舟楫千里-大运河文化展>） ended at the National Museum of China in Beijing on March 1.
41 . It is more than 2,500 years. 42 . It is nearly 3,200 kilometers long. It has made a big difference to the development of Chinese economics and culture for hundreds of years.
43 . So it was difficult to transport（运输） large-sized goods. Economic and cultural exchanges were able to develop further after the Grand Canal connected（连接） the north and the south.
In fact, the Grand Canal was important in other ways. 44 . Materials from different parts of the country were sent to Beijing through the canal. 45 .
“Today, the busy area is just something from the past. However, the spirit of openness has become part of the local culture.” Xinhua reported.
A．Before it was built, people in ancient China used horses, or just traveled on foot, to transport goods.
B．It played an important role in building the Forbidden City.
C．It is known as the world’s longest man-made waterway.
D．What’s more, Peking roast duck even owes（把……归功于） its beginnings to the canal.
E．The Grand Canal has a long history.
第二部分 非选择题
四、写作部分
第一节 语篇填词 每小题1分，共5分）
根据短文意思及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词，使其意思通顺、语法正确。(每空限填一词)
Lionel Andrés Messi, who was b 46 on June 24, 1987 in the city of Rosario, Argentina, is known as the best football player in the world. In the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar, he helped his team w 47 the World Club Championship.
Messi grew up playing football. He showed great a 48 in playing football at his early age. He joined his first club when he was five. At the age of eight, he signed up for the famous Newell’s Old Boys’ youth team.
Unfortunately, his career nearly ended when his doctors found out he suffered from a growth hormone deficiency (生长激素缺乏症). Someone a 49 him to give up his career, but he chose to stick to his profession and seek treatment actively. Finally, he made a great s 50 around the world. He is such a fantastic football player that we should learn from his persistence.
第二节、完成句子 （ 每小题2分，共10分）
51．你昨天在字典里查阅了这些单词吗？
you the words in the dictionary yesterday
52．你比较喜欢住在城市还是乡下？
Do you prefer to live in the city or
53．今天天气真好。我们去散步吧。
It’s a fine day today. Let’s .
54．我希望弄清楚世界正在发生什么。
I hope what's going on around the world.
55．格林家扔掉的玻璃和布朗家一样多。
The Greens throw away the Browns.
第三节、书面表达（15分）
56．假定你是张华，你通过学校网络课程学习了《永乐大典》， 你对此非常感兴趣并上网搜索了解了很多有关《永乐大典》的知识。你的外国友人Alice也想更地了解《永乐大典》。请你根据所给的提示和要求，写一封电子邮件为她介绍一下这套书。
《永乐大典》
类型 全世界最大最早的百科全书之一
完成时间 明朝，1408年
特征 内容丰富；插图好看；语言简单易懂
意义 讲述了中国传统的文化知识，包括历史、地理、科技。
要求：1. 词数80左右（开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数）；
2. 必须包含表格中的所有内容；
3. 要点齐全，可适当发挥；
4. 邮件中不得出现真实姓名和校名；
5. 条理清楚，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范。
参考词汇：1. 明朝 the Ming Dynasty；2. 内容 content；3. 插图 colorful pictures；4. 语言 language；5. 科技 science and technology
Dear Alice,
How are you doing I would like to share with you something about a great encyclopaedia, Yongle Dadian. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I am looking forward to your visit to China.
Best wishes,
Zhang Hua
