Unit1-unit4语法复习
一.核心语法
Unit 1Grammar: 现在完成时
(1)基本结构:have/ has + 过去分词(过去式表格第三行)
(2)含义理解:①过去发生的动作已完成,对现在造成影响,谓语动词不延续。
注意:不能出现表示时间段的状语。
②过去的动作或状态没有完成,一直“延续”到现在,谓语动词通常延续。
注意:句中通常出现由for, since 引导的时间状语。
E.g: I’m full now because I have eaten two big cakes.
It’s a pity that I have never visited the USA
We have known each other since we were still children.
(3)如何构成否定句和疑问句 have/has 变成否定或放在句首
(4)特定的词和时间状语:already , just , yet , ever , never , before , so far , ever since , recently, in the past years(days), up to now , up to the present等
“ever”意为“曾经”,可用于肯定句、一般疑问句, 常放在句子中间。
“already”意为 “已经”, 常用于肯定句, 可放在句子中间或末尾。
“just”意为 “刚才,刚刚”,用于肯定句、一般疑问句, 放在have/has之后.
“never”意为“从不,不”,用于否定句, 放在have/has之后.
“yet”,在否定句中意为“还”,疑问句意为“也,还”,放在句末。
(5)过去分词变化规则: ①大多数单词后直接+ed ②以e 结尾的动词+d
③以y结尾的动词去y变i再+ed
④参照现在分词要双写的动词,有些动词要双写最后一个字母+ed
⑤不规则变化(详见书)
(6)用于现在完成时的句型结构:
1)It is the first/second time …that… 结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。
E.g: 这是我第三次游历这所伟大的城市。
_______________________________________________________________
2)This is the +(最高级)…that …结构,that 从句要用现在完成时。
E.g: 这是我曾看过的最好的电影。____________________________________________
(7)关于since和for
1)“since”意为“自…以来”,引导时间状语从句,从句必须用_____________时态
注意另外一个意思是___________, 此时引导原因状语从句,时态________________
2)由since和for引导的延续性动词的现在完成时,注意 for 后加时间段,连接短语, since 后加点时间,连接短语或句子
E.g: 1.Since you ____________(know) her, we don’t need to introduce you.
2.The man has lived in Sunshine Town since then.(划线提问)
_________ ________ ________ the man lived in Sunshine Town
The man has lived in Sunshine Town since then.
_________ ________ ________ the man lived in Sunshine Town
Unit 2语法核心
1.区别:have/has been to, have/has gone to, have/has been in/at
(1)have/has been to 表示“去过,人已经回来”,不能与how long 搭配,可以和twice, five times, before等状语搭配使用。
have/has gone to 表示“去了,还没回来”,不与how long 搭配使用
have/has been in/at 表示“已经在某人”强调人已经在某地一种状态,可与how long 用
E.g: 1.---Look! That woman looks like our teacher.
---It _________be her. She ___________ Australia.
A.can’t , has been to B.may not, has been to C.can’t ,has gone to D.mustn’t , has gone to
2.---Have you seen Dr. Adams recently
---No. He_________Hong Kong for an international meeting. He’ll come back tomorrow.
A.has gone in B.has been in C.has gone to D.has been to
2.注意区分for和since 的不同用法及常用短暂动词与相应的延续动词
(1)for 后加时间段,连接短语, since 后加点时间,连接短语或句子
(2) Borrow/lend→_______ buy→_______ begin/start→__________
begin/start to learn…→________ leave→____________ catch a cold→___________ die→__________ put on→_________ finish→_________ get up→___________ open→___________ close→_________ fall asleep→__________ come to/arrive at/in/get to/reach→___________ get married→____________ join the League→________________/_________________
3.句型总结
(1)1.一般过去时+(段时间)ago 2.现在完成时+for+段时间
3.现在完成时+since+点时间(短语或从句)
4.It has been +一段时间+since+点时间= It is +一段时间+since +点时间
5.一段时间+has passed +since+点时间
提醒:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
E.g: I have received his letter for a month. I haven’t received his letter for almost a month.
Unit3语法核心
一般过去时和现在完成时的主要区别:
1.我们用一般过去时来叙述过去发生了什么,而我们用现在完成时来描述一个动作开始在过去,并且这个动作持续到了现在。
E.g: Daniel went to Beijing two years ago. Daniel has lived in Beijing for two years.
2.现在完成时可用来讨论一个动作的结果,这个动作的发生不是很重要,它也许刚刚发生或者在一段时间之前发生。
E.g: Daniel bought a new computer last month.
Daniel has bought a new computer. (Daniel has a new computer now.)
3.现在完成时可以用来讲述一个动作到现在为止发生了多少次。
E.g: Mr Wu visited Canada in 2010 and 2011. Mr Wu has been to Canada twice.
巩固复习
(一)延续性动词
1.He _______________ (borrow) the magazine for 3 days.
2. Mr Li_____________(come to) this city since 1990.
3. How long________________(join) the army
4. I______________(buy) this computer for about 3 years.
5. We_______________(study) in this school in September,2003.
6. He often has a good rest on Saturday morning, ______________he
7. How many times has he_____________(gone to/ been to)Shanghai before
8. He _________________(get married) for two years.
9. How long has she_____________(arrive in) Nanjing?
10. She____________(leave) her hometown since she was very young.
11. He_______________(fall asleep) for two hours.
12. China______________(join)WTO since November, 2001.
13. I started to study here over two years ago.
---- I ___________________here for over two years.
14. The film_____________(begin) for ten minutes since I __________(arrive).
课后练习
一.选择
( )1.---___________ has she _________the Summer Palace
A.How long, gone to B.How often,been to
C.How long , been in D.How many times, been at
( )2.---______two years since you all ______ the football club ---Yes. How time flies!
A.Is it , joined in B. Has there been , joined
C.Is it , joined D. Have there been, joined in
( )3.They were _________busy _________with each other ________the time.
A.too, to talk, to forget B.too, talking, to forget
C.so, talking, that they forgot D.so, to talk, that they forgot
( )4.---Have you written anything about Chinese traditional festivals so far
---_________, but I have a plan for it.
A.Ever since B.Later on C.Not yet D.From now on
( )5.I have to say that now the weather here is much better than it __________.
A.used to B.is used to C.used to be D.it is used to be
( )6.________ surprise he gives us ! We’ll have ________ 8-day holiday after the exam.
A.How pleasant , an B. What a pleased, a
C.How pleasant, a D.What a pleasant , an
( )7.---Have you finished your homework _________, Betty
---Of course, Mum. I have done it _________.
A.already, already B.yet, already C.yet, yet D.already, yet
( )8.---I’m sure the man at the gate ________be our English teacher. He is always standing there every morning.
---No, it _________be him. He is having a class now.
A.must, can’t B.must, mustn’t C.can, can’t D.can, mustn’t
( )9.---When _______you ________ your friend Judy
--Last week. I _________ her letter for five days.
A.did, hear from, got B.have, heard from, have received
C.have, got a letter from, have got D.did, hear from, have had
( )10.They spent as much time traveling as they __________.
A.reading B.were reading C.did to read D.did reading
( )11.These CDs can be bought in________the shops in our city. You needn’t go to Shanghai.
A.any of B.none of C.either of D.neither of
( )12.There used to be a factory in the southern part of our city , ________
A.usedn’t it B.usedn’t there C.didn’t there D.both B and C
( )13.He has______little knowledge about sheep raising that he can’t raise______little sheep.
A.such a , so B.so , so C.such , such D.so , such a
( )14.It _________. Let’s wait for next Sunday.
A.may be rain B.maybe rainy C.may rain D.maybe rain
( )15.---Miss Lee, I didn’t catch what you said. Could you tell me _____________again
A.what I should take B.where shall we meet
C.when we would start D.how we will get there
( )16.---Do you know __________ ---All of them __________the museum.
A.Where are the students, have gone to B.where are the students, have been to
C.where the students are, have been to D.where the students are, have gone to
( )17.The boy told us ______a proud voice that he made money ______selling newspaper.
A.with , in B.in , with C.in , by D.at , by
( )18.You can get one point __________ you answer a question correctly.
A.while B.at a time C.at one time D.every time
( )19.---Is the film interesting ---I thought it would be. But ________, it is very boring.
A.in all B.in fact C.in some ways D.in future
( )20.She wasn’t ________success as a teacher and she didn’t have ________success in life.
A.a , many B.a ,much C.much , a D./ , much
( )21.---Reading classical books can improve your learning__________.
---Yes, it’s true. And it’s also important to have meaningful travelling __________.
A.experience, experience B.experience, experiences
C.experiences, experience D.experiences, experiences
( )22.I’m sure you will find this kind of bird__________to feed.
A.easy enough B.easily enough C.enough easy D.enough easily
( )23.She has tried on two more dresses, but she still thinks __________of them fits her best.
A.neither B.all C.none D.either
( )24.---Where are the Blacks ---They _______Moscow. They ______for over half a month.
A.have been to , have left B.have gone to, have been away
C.went , have been away D.have gone to , have left
( )25.They’ve decided to _________ abroad after they _________.
A.live , married B.live in , married C.live in, get married D.live, get married
( )26.---Life gets easier with the Internet. ---That’s true! Almost everything _be done online.
A.can B.need C.must D.should
( )27.---She’s never done so much work before,_________
---________________. But now she has been used to.
A.has she; Yes, she has B.has she; No , she hasn’t
C.hasn’t she ; Yes, she has D.hasn’t she ; No, she hasn’t
( )28.It is necessary to finish the difficult walk _________ enough food and drinks and ______ warm and dry clothes.
A.with, in B.to have , wear C.with , wearing in D.having , with
( )29.It is careless ________him to make the same mistake again. I think it important _______him to be more careful next time.
A.to, for B.of, to C.of, for D.for, of
( )30.There is _________ homework for him and he doesn’t know _________.
A.much too, what to do with B.too much, what to do with it
C.much too, how to do with D.too much , how to do with it
( )31.After ___________, they had to continue __________ hard again.
A.having two days’ off , working B.having two days off , working
C.had two days’ off, to work D.two days off , to work
( )32.---Where _________ You were wanted on the phone just now.
---I’m sorry but I __________an exciting movie.
A.were you, have watched B.have you gone, was watching
C.were you, was watching D.have you been, have watched
( )33.You _________be serious! Are you really going to lend him money again
A.must B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t
( )34.---Do you drink as much tea as before
---No, ________ at all. My sleeping problem is getting worse.
A.none B.little C.nothing D.anything
( )35. ---If you have any trouble, be sure to call me.---_________.
A.I will think it over B.I will. Thank you very much
C.I have no trouble D.I am glad to hear that
二.词形
1.There’s no doubt that a __________cause of Tom’s failure is his laziness. (最初的)
2.Ricky says the show will be ___________ held by CCTV. (成功)
3.Most international __________ letters are written in English. (商务)
4.He’s had __________ with many successful businessmen lately.(会见)
5.___________(控制) the cutting machines is part of his daily job.
6.It’s hard for the plants to live in such ___________(条件).
7.My cousin Mike will prepare a __________(美味) meal if he is given more time.
8.I feel _________(孤独)in the middle of London than I do on my boat in the middle of nowhere.
9.She was very kind, so no one laughed at her because of his __________.(ugly)
10.Because of the noise pollution, the park has turned into an ___________ place.(please)
11.The arrival of the famous Disney characters caused great __________(excite) among children.
12.The tourists were surprised at so much ___________(pollute) on the beach.
13.Today most students can go to high school for ___________(far) education in our country.
14.Spring Festival is the best time to go and visit ____________(relative) homes in China.
15.I don’t think any words can describe the _____________(beautiful) of the scene.
16.The local people in Shanghai now can take direct _________(fly) to over 30 cities in the world.
17.Those beautiful clothes on show in the museum belong to the ________(rule) of ancient China.
18.The driver had to lie on the ground , ___________(able) to move after the car accident.
19.There has been no ____________(交流) between us for quite a long time.
20.She looks quite healthy although she is in her ___________.(ninety)
动词填空
1.Why ________you _________(dress) yourself like that this morning
2.I’m against ____(build) a new zoo because I think zoos are terrible places for animals to live in .
3.When I came in , she __________(describe) the appearance of her new friend to our classmates.
4.---I can’t believe you’ve sold me such a terrible camera. I want my money back.
---I ___________(listen), madam. Can you just slow down and tell me what’s wrong
5.He asked me if either of them ____________ever ____________(ride) a horse
6.I think this is the very work that we must finish __________(help) her.
7.She was so worried that she__________(lie) awake all night long.
8.There’s no need __________(worry) about my English study.
9.The old have great fun dancing in the park ___________(build) their bodies.
10.Who knows if Kate ____________(travel) to China at the end of this month
11.They still had no idea how much danger they _________(face) when they saw the tiger.
12.---What are you doing
---I’m watching a match. It started at 7 p.m. and _________(be) on for one more hour.
13.The old man got sick last week and ___________(lie) in bed since then.
14.More than one old man ________(die) in the small town because of the air pollution up to now.
15.He will have two days off if he __________(finish) his homework in time.
16.Can you smell it I _________(not stay) in this kind of hotel again when travelling.
17.Lily , with her parents,________(make) a fire for the evening party soon, isn’t she
18.The first thing to remember is ___________(tie) the horse to the tree.
19.The Harry Potter series ___________(translate) into about 70 languages so far.
20.Books of different kinds in different languages are the key to __________(spread) cultures.
四.完成句子
1.你能就怎样更好地处理这个问题给我些建议吗?
Could you give me ____________________________________________________________
2.老师告诉我们什么时候上交作业了吗?
___________________________________________________________________________
3.自从何时起你们一直互相保持联系的?
Since _______________________________________________________________________
4.没人知道那位女士结婚多长时间了。
Nobody knows _______________________________________________________________.
我一到上海这对老夫妇就动身去北京。
______________________________________ as soon as _____________________________.
6.这些年在国外的旅游经历有助于我对不同国家的文化差异有更多的了解。
The ____________________________________ these years help me ____________________
__________________________between countries.
7.我们设法每次能多记住一点知识。
We_________________________________________________________________________.
8.他们已经计划在网上进行一次韩国在线游。
They _______________________________________________________Korea on the website.
9.每次你想要回到上一页,别忘记点页面底部的“Back”按钮。
Every time ___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
10.同学们,交卷前请尽可能仔细地检查一下答案。
Boys and girls, please check your answers ________________________________your papers.
参考答案:
单选
1-5CCCCC 6-10DBADD 11-15ADDCD 16-20DCDBB
21-25BACBA 26-30ABACB 31-35BCBAB
词形
1.primary 2.successfully 3.business 4.interviews 5.Controlling
6.conditions 7.tasty/delicious 8.lonelier 9.ugliness 10.pleasant
11.excitement 12.pollution 13.further 14.relatives’ 15.beauty
16.flights 17.rulers 18.unable munication 20.nineties
动词填空
1.were dressed 2.building 3.was describing 4.am listening 5.has ridden
6.to help 7.lay 8.to worry 9.to build 10.will travel
11.were facing 12.has been 13.has lain 14.has died 15.finishes
16.won’t stay 17.is going to make 18.to tie 19.have been translated 20.spreading
完成句子
1.some advice on how to deal with the problem better
2.Did the teacher tell us when to hand in homework
3.when have you kept in touch with each other
4.how long the lady has been married
5.The old couple left for Beijing, I arrived in Shanghai
6.experiences of travelling abroad , learn more about the culture differences
7.managed to remember a little more knowledge at a time
8.have planned to take an online tour of
9.you’d like to return to the last page, don’t forget to click on the “Back” icon at the bottom of the page
10.carefully as possible as you can before you hand in