人教新目标(Go for it)版八年级下册Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.单元语法点及练习（含答案）

Unit2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
GRAMMAR
语法专题一：动词与介词的固定搭配
一、短语动词分类：
1. 动词+介词
ask for 请求 belong to 属于 look at 看 look after 照顾
learn from 向…学习 remind of 提醒 take after 与…相像
2. 动词+ 副词
take away 拿走 wake up 醒来 put off 推迟
give out 分发 think over 考虑 end up 结束
3. 动词+ 副词+ 介词
come up with 提出，想出 run out of 用完
get along with 与…相处 do well in 擅长
look forward to 期望 catch up with 赶上
4.动词+ 名词+ 介词
take part in 参加 make use of 利用
pay attention to 注意 take care of 照顾
5.系动词+ 形容词+ 介词
be strict with 对……要求严格 be mad at 对…..恼火
be full of 充满 be different from 与……不同
二、 短语动词的用法：
1. 以介词结尾的短语动词，后面接名词，代词，动名词作其宾语，该名词，代词或动名词必须放在介词的后面。
think of 想起 look after 照顾 look for 寻找 agree with 同意
e.g. I can’t think of what happened last night.
I am looking for my purse.
2.“动词+副词” 结构的短语动词后可解名词，代词或动名词作宾语。
（1）接名词时，可以放在短语中间，或短语之后
（2）接代词时，代词只能放在动词或副词之间
put on 穿上 put off 脱下 put up 挂起 find out 找出
give up 放弃 give away 捐赠 hand out 分发 wake up 叫醒
turn up 调高 turn down 调低 turn on 打开 turn off 关闭
e.g. Put on your coat. = Put your coat on.
Put it / them on. （对）
Put on it / them. （错）
语法专题二：不定式的用法
1. 作主语
（1）to do 句首作主语（为单数）
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
（2）用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后。
△“It is + adj. sb. to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”。
△“It is a / one’s + n. (task / duty / job) + to do sth.” 意为“做某事是……的任务/职责/工作”。例如：It’s my duty to save patients. 治病救人是我的职责。
2. 作表语
The important thing is to finish the work on time.
3. 作宾语。
（1）动词+to do （常见的动词如choose, hope, offer, want, decide, learn, plan, wish）
Three teenagers offered to do some voluntary work. 位青少年主动提出去做义务性工作。
Cindy wanted to paint a picture of the park. 辛迪想要画一张公园的画。
（2）动词 + 特殊疑问词+ to do
Do you know how to help disabled children 你知道怎么帮助残疾儿童吗？
He remembered what to do. 他记得要做什么。
（3）动词 + it(形式宾语）+宾补 +to do（常见的动词是think, find, believe）
I think it important to learn English.
【典例分析】用所给词正确形式填空
1. He decided (buy) the camera
2. I want (listen) some music after class
3. I hope (travel) all over the world one day
4. I don’t know what (do) next.
5. I find it easy (fall) asleep in hot summer.
Keys: to buy; to listen; to travel; to do; to fall
4. 作宾语补足语。
（1）动词 + 宾语 + to do （常见的动词由tell, wish, ask, want, beg, invite, warn, allow, encourage, advise）
Annie taught Tim to sing beautiful songs. Annie教Tim唱好听的歌曲。
We want them to be happy. 我们想要他们开心。
（2）动词 + 宾语 + do（省略to的不定式）
常用的动词是:感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice；使役动词 have, make, let.
Mum made him go to bed early. 妈妈让他早点睡觉。
They let him do it alone. 他们让他一个人做。
【典例分析】
( ) 1. Mr. Smith told his son ______ the football match because of the exam.
A. not to watch B. to not watch C. not watching D. doesn’t watch
( ) 2. They won’t let his mother _______him in that way.
A. to treat B. treated C. treat D. treats
Keys: AC
5. 作目的状语
To catch the first bus, he gets up early every day. 为了赶上第一班车，他起得很早。
I came here to tell you a good news. 我来这里是为了告诉你一个好消息。
6. 作定语（名词+to do）
This is the best book to read. 这是最好读的书。
He is the best person to choose. 他是最佳人选。
二、不定式的否定：not + to do
My mother tell me not to spend too much time on computer.
【典例分析】Mr. Smith asked the boy ___________ (not play) this kind of game.
Please tell her __________ (not do) so much housework.do it alone.
Keys: not to play; not to do
( ) 1. It’s time for CCTV news. Let’s _______ the TV and watch it.
A. turn on B. get on C. try on D. put on
( ) 2. Andrea Bocelli never which makes him a successful singer.
A. takes away B. gives away C. gets up D. gives up
( ) 3. — Would you mind ______ the music a little Don’t you think it’s too loud
— Sorry! I’ll do it in a minute.
A. turning on B. turning off C. turning up D. turning down
( ) 4. The teachers encourage their students to the problems by themselves, and in this way students can enjoy success.
A. give up B. work out C. look through D. get out
( ) 5. Can you help me to _______ my dog when I leave for Hong Kong
A. look after B. look for C. look at D. look through
( ) 6. — Cindy, look at your new shoes. Aren’t they beautiful
— Yes, they are really nice, Mum. I can’t wait to .
A. put them on B. put it on C. put on them D. put on it
( ) 7. — When will the plane Shanghai
— Sorry, I don’t know.
A. get B. arrive at C. reach D. reach to
( ) 8. Many students in our school _______ the old and they usually offer their seats to them on buses.
A. worry about B. care for C. agree with D. take care
( ) 9. Tom, it’s cold outside. _______ your coat when you go out.
A. Take off B. Put on C. Put away D. Take away
( ) 10. A student in Fudan University was killed by his roommate just because of small things
in daily life. It is important for students to learn how to ________ each other.
A. get on with B. come over to C. stay away from D. help with
( ) 11. The workers want us _______ together with them.
A. work B. working C. to work D. worked
( ) 12. He gave us some advice on how _______ English.
A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn
( ) 13. I’m thirsty. Would you please give me something _______.
A .drunk B .to drink C .to be drunk D .for drinking
( ) 14. Tom is the first _______ to school.
A. get B. to get C. getting D. Got
( ) 15. I saw him _______ out of the room.
A. go B. had gone C. has gone D. goes
Keys: 1-5 ADDBA 6-10 ACBBA 11-15 CCBBA
( ) 1. I really don’t know ______ this question. It is too hard.
A. which to answer B. how to answer C. what to answer
( ) 2. What happens when you hear a strange noise at night, or find a big spider in the corner of your bedroom It often makes us ______.
A. jump B. to jump C. jumping
( ) 3.When you leave, please turn off the lights ______ energy.
A. save B. to save C. saving
( ) 4. —We don’t have enough money for our field trip. What shall we do
—The best way ______ money is to sell newspapers.
A. raise B. to raise C. raising
( ) 5 . I found ______ not very easy ______ to ride a bike.
A. that; learn B. it; to learn C. that; to learn
keys：BABBB