牛津译林版英语八年级下册Unit 4 A good read Vocabulary. 单元导学案 （共4课时，无答案）
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8A Unit 4 A good read
Vocabulary
【拓展巩固部分】
read n 读物 v 阅读（过去式）__________ （过去分词）__________
n 读者__________
cooking n 烹饪，烹调
【拓展】cook v. 做饭，烹调 n. 厨师 cooker n 炊具
Germany n 德国
Germany is a European country. 德国是个欧洲国家。
【拓展】German ①可数名词 德国人 Germans (复数) ②不可数名词 德语 ③adj 德国的；德国人的
我们知道马克思出生在德国，德语是他的母语。
We know Max was born and was his native language.
( ) We are from . We are .
Germany;Germans B. Germans; Germany C. German;Germany D. Germany;Germen
knowledge 不可数名词 知识；学问；学识
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
【拓展】knowledgeable adj 博学的；有见识的
spare adj 空闲的；多余的；备用的；闲置的
in one’s spare/ free time 在某人空闲的时候
In my house, there are some spare bedrooms. 我家有几间闲置的卧室。
他们空余时间通常干什么？
v 抽出；腾出（时间，金钱等）
我抽不出时间来帮你。 I can’t___________________ to help you.
French ①adj 法国的，法国人的 ②不可数名词 法语
【拓展】 ① Frenchman 法国人 Frenchmen(复数） ② n 法国
我们都喜欢法国食物。We all like .
那里有两名美国人和两名法国人。There are two and two .
我们从未去过法国。
touch v. 感动，触动
那位勇敢的母亲感动了每个人。 The brave mother touched everyone .
n 接触，联系 get/keep/lose in touch with sb. 与某人取得/保持/失去联系
【拓展】touching adj 感人的 touched adj 受到感动的
别碰未干的油漆。
他说的话让我感动。
学生们被这部电影深深地打动了。The students were deeply by the film.
against prep. ①紧靠，碰，撞 ②反对，和……对阵，违背
against the wall 靠在墙上 hit against a tree 撞到树上 against the war 反对战争
这已经不是这两支队伍第一次打对抗赛了。
This is not the first time for the two teams to each other.
这是违法的。
be tired out 筋疲力尽
我们到达旅途目的地时已筋疲力尽。
_________________________ when we arrived at the end of the journey.
造句:
【拓展】be tired of 对……感到厌烦，厌倦
凯特厌烦了一年到头重复相同的工作。Kate _____________________________ all year round.
tie v 捆，绑，系，打结 现在分词 n 领带
tie...to 把……系到/栓到……上
请把树绑到棍子上使它直立。Please to keep it straight.
他打着一条蓝领带。
stomach n. 胃，腹部 复数
【拓展】stomachache 胃痛，腹痛 ___________________________
类似搭配：_________________________________________________________________
until conj. 直到……为止
①用于肯定句时，主句谓语为延续性动词，指主句的动作一直持续到until 后的动作发生为止。
他们不得不等到雨停。They had to wait _______________________.
一直走，直到你来到那座白色的楼前。
② not...until 直到……才
主句动作通常为非延续性动词，指主句的动作一直到until 后的动作发生时才发生。
那个小女孩直到干完活才停下来去休息。
The little girl____________________she finished her homework.
造句：
fall over 摔倒
【辨析】fall over 强调“向前摔倒，跌倒”
He______________ and hit his head. 他摔倒了，撞到头了。
fall down 滑倒，倒下，后接宾语时加介词 from fall off 跌落，从……掉下来
Millie__________________ because of carelessness.
= Millie ____________________because of carelessness. 米莉因为粗心从自行车上摔了下来。
continue v 继续 后接名词，代词，动词不定式或者动词-ing.
continue doing / to do sth. 继续做某事
没有蜜蜂，庄稼就不能继续生长。Without bees, the crops can’t _____________________.
manage v. 设法完成 manage to do sth. 管理，经营 ,后加名词或代词 经理___________
Adam管理这家鞋厂。
我已经设法自己完成了这个项目。
lift v. 举起，抬高，提高
他能抬起这个重箱子。He can________________________.
A walk in the fresh air can l____________ your mood after a stressful day's work.
n. 电梯
我们可以乘电梯到顶楼。We can __________________________________.
免费搭车，搭便车 I’ ll give you a lift to the airport.
army n. 大批 ，大群 an army of 一群…… n军队（尤指陆军）
她丈夫已经在军队服役5年了。
一大群蚂蚁正忙着搬东西。
unable adj. 不能的，不会的 be unable to do = be not able to do 相当于can’t 或couldn’t
那个小女孩太小，所以提不动那个包。The girl was so young that she
hand in 上交,递交 若代词作宾语应放中间。
我完成我的作业了。我必须把它交上去。I have finished my homework. I must .
【拓展】hand out 分发， 把……拿出来
on time 准时，按时 表示做某事刚好与约定的时间一致，不早也不晚。
学生应准时到校。
【拓展】in time 及时 表示动作在规定时间内或比规定时间提前发生。
refuse vi/vt 拒绝 refuse sth/ to do sth.
那个老人拒绝改变主意。The old man his mind.
success ①不可数名词 成功 失败是成功之母。Failure is the mother of .
②可数名词 成功的人或事 这次聚会很成功。 The party was .
【拓展】v. succeed adj. successful adv. successfully
在某方面成功（4种）___________________________________________________________
造句：______________________________________________________________
translate v. 翻译 translate ...into
你介意把这封信翻译成英文么？ Would you the letter _______ English
【拓展】translation n. 翻译 translator 译者
sales n. （复）销售量 in sales 在销量上
今年汽车销量增加了。Sales of cars are up this year.
【拓展】for sale ____________ on sale _______________
copy n. 一本（份，册）；副本 v. 复制，抄写 a copy of 一本/份/册
请把你的身份证复印件拿一份给我。Please bring me your ID.
汤姆从书上抄下一首诗。Tom down from the book.
Canadian adj. 加拿大的 加拿大人的 n. 加拿大人 加拿大
sail v. 航行 n. 帆（可数） 拓展 sailing n. 帆船运动
hidden adj. 隐藏的 拓展 v. hide （过去式）__________ （过去分词）__________
confidence n. 信心 have confidence in 对......有信心
这首歌告诉我们信心很重要。The song tells us that __________________________.
【拓展】confident adj 有信心的，自信的 be confident about/ of sth. 对……充满信心
我对成功充满信心。
experience ①可数名词 经历
他有很多不平凡的经历。He has a lot of _________________________.
②不可数名词 经验 表示做某事的经验时，其后常接in/of (doing)
王老师在教学方面经验丰富。Mr. Wang _______________________________.
③ vt. 体验，经历
这个女孩从未体验过悲伤。The girl has never_________________ sadness.
【拓展】experienced adj, 有经验的
我父亲是一位有经验的老师。 My father is ___________________.
( ) Mr. Black is a man of and he had a lot of interesting in his life.
A. much experience ; experiences C. much experience ; experience
B. many experiences ; experience D. many experiences ; experiences
advice 不可数名词 建议，忠告，劝告 v.____________同义词_______________
一条建议______________ 给某人一些关于……的建议____________________
征求建议___________________ 接受某人的建议__________________________
( ) Please give me some on how to spend the coming holiday.
A. space B. advice C. praise D. courage
我将就如何照顾你的宠物狗给你一些建议。
【巩固提高部分】
一、词汇检测
I stayed with a family when I was in . (法国)
This is the (丑陋的) building in town.
I think imagination is more important than .(知识)
After sleeping for a while, they (继续) to work on the task.
He isn’t good at English, his younger brother isn’t, .
What happened to your (肩膀)
All the kids were greatly surprised to know that a cow has four . (胃)
He didn’t go to sleep u twelve o’clock last night.
We will play a football match a the boys from Class 1 this afternoon.
The workers were out after two hours’ work without a rest.
The (销量) of Readers are over 8 million copies every month.
The girl was angry with her boyfriend. She (拒绝) to answer his calls many times last night.
Journey to the West was (翻译) into Japanese in the middle of 18th century.
The works of Mo Yan have been (出版) millions of copies since 2012.
Mr. Liu is a good dancer with much . (经验)
Tom is a young man full of . (自信)
I will show some (加拿大) guests around our city next month.
It is said that there is (隐藏的) treasure on the island.
My sister is a in the school library.
My son wants you to give him some on how to learn English.
I sat (在……对面) to him during the meal.
I am sorry I ‘m (能够的) to help you because I have no money with me.
The boy is (系) his shoes at the moment.
Finally, the climber (设法完成) to get to the top of the mountain.
If you want to keep the book longer, you must (续借) them.
Zheng He (航海) the sea to exchange things with other countries.
The English book was so popular that 20,000 (册) were sold out in a week.
Don’t give up. As you know, hard work leads to . (成功)
It is a good [ h bit] to read English for 15 minutes every morning.
What he did really [mu vd] us a lot.
二、短文填空
Our children and grandchildren may not have a chance to visit many of the most famous places around the world. War, weather, age, traffic and pollution damage (破坏) these famous places. If we do 1 (something), they may even no longer remain. But looking after these places often 2 (cost) more than one country can afford.
In the early 1970s, world governments decided that if they joined together, they would be able to preserve (保护) our history. If every country 3 (pay) some money, they said, 4_ would be possible to look after important historic places. For this reason, countries around the world united to form the World Heritage Organization in 1972. Today, the organization helps to protect and rebuild the most important places from our history.
5 , one of the 6 (big) problems for historic places is vandalism. That is to say, people sometimes enter these places and damage the buildings. At some places, such as Stonehenge in England, governments have built high fences to protect it from vandals.
There are many different ideas 7 how to solve the problem of vandalism. Some professors say that if guards keep 8 (walk) around these places, vandals won’t be able to get in. Some professors say that if they fix more television cameras, they won’t need so many guards. Others say that the best way is 9 (educate). If people learn to respect history, they won’t damage it. They will also want to spend money 10 (look) after old places. For this reason, the World Heritage Organization helps to spread information about the value of historic places.
1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________
6. __________ 7. __________ 8. __________ 9. __________ 10. __________
8A Unit 4 A good read
Reading
【学习目标】
读懂文章,对<格列佛游记>有初步的了解. 2.能够通过上下文猜测词义.
【基础部分】
翻译
筋疲力尽__________________________ 2.冲撞到了岩石_________________________________
3.被绑在地上_________________________ 4.爬上我的肚子脖子 _____ ______
5.与我小指一样大小_____________________ 6.跌倒在沙滩上________________________________
7.感觉腿上有东西_______________________ 8.对某人大叫_____________________________
9.继续在我身上移动 _______10.举起左手伸向空中 _______________
11.一大群小人__________________________12.设法去做某事_______________________________
13.怎样逃跑_________________________ 14.径直朝我走来________________________________
【课前复习】
1.Comment on the exercises in Comic strip.
2.Watch a video and present Gulliver’s travel.
【课中探究】
1.Check the preview. Check the answers to Part B1 and the phrases above.
2.Guess from the picture: What happened？(Who When Where What How )
3.Skim the text and think about the structure of the article.
4.Ask students to read the article quickly and answer the following questions.
(1).Which adventure does this extract belong to (2).In this extract ,who am "I" (3).How many tiny people did "I" meet in the end
5. Find the cause of each event.
(1). Gulliver fell down on the beach and went to sleep.
(2). Gulliver found himself unable to move.
(3). The tiny men all fell over.
(4). Gulliver got one hand free.
(5). Gulliver wanted to run away.
6.Listen to the tape and read after it, then finish B3 on page 53.
7.Read again, and then finish B2 and B4 on page 52-53.
8.Try to retell: A tiny man’s diary.
Then I moved up o___ his s______ and neck till near his face. And my friends came to climb up. Suddenly, the big man...
【要点部分】
1. After our ship crash against the rocks, I swam as far as I could.
as far as I could "尽我所能的远"= as far as possible 尽可能远
as + adj./adv. +as sb. can尽某人所能的...=as + adj./adv. +as possible尽可能的...
e.g. 他尽快地跑出了大楼。
He ran out of the building_______________.= He ran out of the building_______________.
as fast as sb. can/possible 尽快（速度）
as soon as sb. can/possible 尽快（时间）
e.g. 我们应该尽早去赶早班车。We should_____________________________.
e.g. 请尽快给我写信。Please write to me___________________________.
as adj./adv. as … 和……一样的
这没有我想象的那么难。It is not _____________ I thought.
2. By the time I finally felt the land under my feet, I was tired out.
by the time 到… 的时候 （引导时间状语从句，同when）
e.g. 我们到山顶的时候，精疲力竭了。____________the top of the mountain, we were tired out.
3. By the time I finally felt the land under my feet, I was tired out.
be tired out 筋疲力尽
e.g. 我整个上午都在跳舞，我筋疲力尽了。I was dancing all the morning, I_______________.
e.g. 上完体育课，我通常筋疲力尽了。After PE lessons, I __________________.
4. I fell down on the beach and went to sleep.
fall down 摔倒；倒塌
与fall相关的短语：
fall down 摔倒；倒塌 fall over摔倒 fall off… 从…摔下来 fall behind 落后
（1）.这房屋也许会倒塌。The house may_______________________.
（2）.Suddenly, Jimmy _________ his bike. Luckily , he was not badly hurt.
（3）.Be careful not to _____________ again!
（4）. Work hard, or you will ____________.
5. My arms, legs and hair were tied to the ground!
be tied to … 被捆/栓在…上
e.g. 这条狗被拴在了树上。The dog_________________.
tie…to … 把捆/栓在…上
那些小人把Gulliver的胳膊、腿和头发栓到了地上。Those small men_____________________.
6. It moved up over my stomach and neck until it was standing near my face.
until直到...为止，引导时间状语从句
not...until... 直到...才... （用于否定句）
我昨天等你到晚上十点。I waited for you until 10p.m. yesterday.
直到他告诉我，我才知道。_____________________________.
直到他的父母回来，他才将去睡觉。_____________________________.
7. He was the same size as my little finger!
the same +n.+ as… 与...有相同的... = as + adj. +as 与…一样…
e.g. 我书包的颜色和我妹妹的一样。My school bag is ______________=_______________.
e.g. 这座塔和那座高度是一样的。This tower is ______________=______________that one.
e.g. 这些箱子和那些重量一样吗？Are these boxes ____________=___________those ones？
8. However, they soon got up again and continued moving across my body.
continue doing sth.=continue to do sth. 继续做…
e.g. 这场雨整整一下午都下个不停。The rain_____________________________.
e.g. 你打算在饭后继续讲这个故事吗？Are you going to _________________ after dinner
9. I didn’t know what to say either.
either "也"，用于否定句，放在句末。
too（= as well）用于肯定句，放在句末。
also 是比较正式的用语，经常放在句中。
e.g. 我也还没有决定去哪里度假呢。
I haven’t decided____________________________________.
e.g. 我还没读这一本书，我弟弟也没有。
I haven’t read the book, my brother________________.
I tried to pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes.
manage to do的意思是"设法完成" 。
He managed ____________ (remember) when it happened.
try to do sth. 努力去做某事，结果不明确；manage to设法成功地做某事，结果成功。
He ___ the work with very little help, but he failed.
A. tried to do B. managed to do C. tries doing D. managed doing
e.g. 你是怎么设法到达那里的？How did you ________________________
e.g. 我们设法准时完成这个报告.We _________________________ on time.
11. I looked down and saw a huge army of tiny people.
an army of 意思是"一群…" 一群蚂蚁an army of ants
army "军队(陆军）" 参军 join the army
e.g. 她的丈夫在陆军服役。Her husband is__________________.
【巩固提高部分】
【课堂巩固练习】
一、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. A ship crashed a________ a big rock.
2. A dog was t____ to a tree.
3. I can’t eat any more. My s_______ is full.
4. He didn’t go to bed u____ he finished his homework.
5. There are five f______ in one hand.
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. After the ship _______ (crash) against the rocks, I swam as far as I could.
2. I woke up as the sun _________ (rise).
3. More men started __________ (climb) all over me.
4. They continued _______________ (move) across my body.
5. He will manage __________ (finish) the work in two days.
三、阅读理解。
A group of swans flew down to a beach where a crow（乌鸦） was jumping around. The crow watched them with disdain（鄙视）.
"You have no flying skills at all!" he said to the swans. "All you can do is to move your wings. Can you turn over in the air No, that’s beyond you. Let’s have a flying competition. I’ll show you what real flying is!"
One of the swans, a strong young male, took up the challenge. The crow flew up and began to show his skills. He flew in circles, performed other flying tricks, and then came down and looked proudly at the Swan.
Now it was the swan’s turn. He flew up, and began flying over the sea. The crow flew after him, making all kinds of comments（评价）about his flying. They flew on and on till they couldn’t see the land and there was nothing but water on all sides. The crow was making fewer and fewer comments. He was now so exhausted that he found it hard to stay in the air, and had to struggle to keep himself from falling into the water.
The swan pretended（假装）not to notice, and said, "Why do you keep touching the water, brother Is that another trick ""No," said the crow. He knew he had lost the competition. "I’m in trouble because of my pride! If you don’t help me, I’ll lose my life."
The swan took pity on him, and took him on his shoulders and flew back to the beach.
( )1．What’s the correct order of the following events
a. The crow followed the swan and got into trouble.
b. The swan felt pity for the crow and saved it.
c. The crow had to ask the swan for help.
d. The crow challenged the swans and a swan agreed.
A．a, d, b, c B．a, b, d, c C．d, a, c, b D．d, c, a, b
( )2．What does the word "exhausted" in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese
A．生气的 B．疲劳的 C．害怕的 D．紧张的
( )3．Why did the crow keep touching the water
A．It was tired and almost fell into the water. B．It was showing another flying skill.
C．It was thirsty and wanted to drink some water. D．It was enjoying itself by doing so.
( )4．What does the underlined word "him" refer（指）to
A．All kinds of crows. B．The swan. C．The sea. D．Another crow.
( )5．What can we infer（推断） from the passage
A．The crow didn’t know flying.
B．Flying skills were useless.
C．The swan was able to fly longer and farther than the crow.
D．The swan saved the crow because they were good friends.
四、短文填空。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。每空一词。
Every year, there are common people spreading positive energy and touching our hearts. On March 3, Janis Chan 66______(be) listed among the "people who moved China in 2021". Working as a reporter and TV host for over 20 years, Janis Chan, from Hong Kong, has tried to create (创建) 67______ window into the Chinese mainland.
In 2021, Chan hosted a show 68______(call)No Poverty Land (《无穷之路》). The show records 69______ people in remote areas of China work hard to shake off poverty (贫穷). For the documentary, Chan spent three months 70______ (walk) across mountains and rivers to reach remote villages in Hainan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, and the Guangxi Zhuang and Ningxia Hui autonomous regions.
To go to some 71______ these villages, she had to climb a 2,556-step ladder to reach cliff side (悬崖边) villages and went through sandstorms in Northwest China. Chan not only talked with locals, but experienced72______ (they) lives. She wanted to show people the changes that have 73______(take) place in these areas.The show won good reviews at home and abroad. Chan said what she wants is to produce more shows to get more people to know China 74______ (good).
Chan says, "There are people out there who always like to question the 75______ (achievement) of the mainland. We’ve seen the changes, and we felt it necessary to do a program like this."
8A Unit 4 A good read
Grammar
【学习目标】
学会正确使用 “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”的结构. 2. 学会正确使用must和have to .
【基础部分】
翻译下列单词词组和句子
1．写报告 _________________________ 2．上交作业_________________________
3．请求帮助________________________ 4．看一些评论_______________________
5．续借图书________________________ 6．这么多有趣的书___________________
【要点部分】
疑问词+动词不定式：
一、用法：疑问词+动词不定式做动词的宾语。
疑问词也包括疑问代词what, which, who和疑问副词how, when, where。常和此结构连用的动词及动词短语有：know, learn, see, hear, ask, tell, decide, explain, find out, forget, remember, understand 等。
【例句】I don’t know what to say next.我不知道接下来该说什么。
I can’t decide which to take.我不能决定该拿哪一个。
Please tell me how to go there.请告诉我怎样到哪儿。
“疑问词+动词不定式” 结构可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句。
【例句】
I don’t know what to do.= I do not know what I should do. 我不知道该做什么。
They can't decide where to go.=They can't decide where they should go.)他们不能决定去哪里。
I could not decide which dictionary to buy. = I could not decide which dictionary I should buy.
我不能决定买哪本字典。
ack did not know where to find such a good teacher.=Jack did not know where he could find such a good teacher. 杰克不知道到哪能找到这样一个好老师。
二、归纳
总结：“疑问词+不定式”结构有下列五种功能：
⑴当主语，如：
When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided. 何时开会还没有定下来。
Where to live is a problem. 住哪里是个问题。
⑵当宾语，如：
We must know what to say at a meeting. 我们必须知道在会上说些什么。
He could not tell whom to trust. 他无法分辨该信任谁。
⑶当表语，如：
The problem is where to find the financial aid. 问题是到哪找到财政援助。
⑷当名词同位语，如：
Tom had no idea which book to read first. 汤姆不知道先读哪本书。
⑸当宾语补足语，如：
Jim is not sure whose to choose. 吉姆不确定选择谁的。
Mary and John are not certain whether to get married or not. 玛丽和约翰不确定是否要结婚。
I could not decide which dictionary to buy. = I could not decide which dictionary I
should buy. 我不能决定买哪本字典。
Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher.=Jack did not know where he
could find such a good teacher.
杰克不知道到哪能找到这样一个好老师。
三、注意
1、所有疑问句中，只有why不可以与动词不定式连用。
原则上说，why后不接不定式，不过若不定式不带to，则可用why。即：
Why not go there at once 为什么不马上去那儿呢？
Why argue with her 为什么要跟她争论呢？
注意：这类结构通常只用于谈论现在和将来，不用于谈论过去。
你昨天为什么不打扫房间？
误：Why not clean the room yesterday
正：Why didn't you clean the room yesterday
2、有些动词，如ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach等，可以先有个宾语，然后才接着加上适当的“疑问词+不定式动词” 结构。
例如： Have you told him where to get the application form 你告诉他哪里领申请表了吗？
must & have to 用法
区别1：
must多表示主观需要或责任感的驱使有必要或有义务去做某事，多译为“必须”，
而have to多表示客观存在的环境所限，即客观要求(无奈)而为之，多译为“不得不干某事”。
例：I must clean the room because it is too dirty.（无人强迫）因为太脏了，我必须要打扫房间。
We must be there on time.（责任感的驱使）我们一定准时到达。
I have to do my homework now.（不得不做）我现在不得不做作业。
I have to leave school because my family is poor now.因为家里穷了，我不得不退学。
It is getting dark. He has to go home now. 天快黑了，你现在得回家了。
区别2：
must没有时态的变化，而have to有时态的变化。例：
Daming was hurt. The doctor said he had to stay in hospital for about two weeks. His father has to go to take care of him.
We don’t have to go to school on Sundays. 星期天我们不必上学。
区别3：
must的否定为mustn’t，多表示“禁令”。
例：No! You mustn’t turn left! You must turn right into The Strand.不！你不能向左转！你应该向右转进入到strand中。
You must not smoke here.你不能在这里抽烟。
have to 的否定形式do not have to, 相当于need not 。
例：They do not have to buy a computer at the moment.他们目前没有必要买电脑。
由must引起的疑问句，肯定回答要用must或have to，否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to，意思是“不必”；
注意！！
例：1）—Must I finish my homework before eight o’clock —Yes, you must.
我必须要在8点之前完成作业吗？是的，必须。
2）—Must I attend the meeting —No, you needn’t/ don’t have to. You can ask Tom to go instead.
我必须要参加这次会议吗？不。你不必。你可以让汤姆替你去。
must 还可以表示肯定猜测，意思是 “一定” 。否定的猜测是can’t。
【例句】You must be hungry after all that walking. 走了那么远的路，你一定饿了吧。
That can’t be Lucy. She has gone to American. 那肯定不是Lucy，她已经去了美国。
【拓展部分】
一、单词拼写
1.- Have you ever read the film_______（评论） --- Yes, it's good.
2. Every day students should get to school and get home_______（准时）．
3. _______（交；递）in your examination paper as soon as possible.
4. Lucy hasn't finished reading the book, so she wants to_______（续借）it.
5. You should_______ (give back) the storybook to Mary this afternoon.
二、句型转换
1．Often we don't know where we can go on Sundays.（同义句转换）
Often we don't know_______ _______ go on Sundays.
2．We have to go to school at weekends.（改为否定句）
We _______ _______ _______ go to school at weekends.
3．Must I start dancing now （作否定回答）_______，_______ _______．
4. - Must I return the book this week
- No, you_______. You can_______ it for 20 days.
A. mustn't; keep B. needn't; borrow C. needn't; keep D. mustn't; borrow
三、阅读短文，首字母填空。
One day a snake was looking for food. She f____1____ a hole and went into it. “Hooray! It was a house for mice,” She said to h___2____ happily. There, she saw some little babies of mice. “I’ll have fun h___3____ a big meal!”
She came to them and asked, “Where are your parents ” The babies answered, “They went out for food.” “Good!” said the snake. “Listen, I came here to see your parents and t____4____ them not to steal (偷) people’s grain any m____5____, or I will kill you all.” The little mice worried about their own safety. “Don’t be a____6____. My body is like the hole. It is a safe place. W____7____ I open my mouth, you can come into it one by one. Then we will wait for your parents coming back. Are you clear ” The little babies came into the snake from her mouth one by one.
A moment l____8____, the mice’s parents came back with some grain. Just then they found a snake in their room. “Who are you Why did you come into our house Where are our babies ” The snake answered in a l____9____ voice, “Your babies have been in my body. Don’t you want to see them ” W____10____ these words, the snake flew at the mice.
8A Unit 4 A good read
Task
【学习目标】
1．通过预习，完成Part A有关阅读习惯方面的调查报告。 2．了解调查报告的结构形式。
【基础部分】
翻译
1.一方面---另一方面---__________________2.航海去寻找隐藏的宝藏___________________________
3.主人公______________________4.在将来有激动人心的经历________________________________
5.给我许多信心_____________________6.愿意尝试新的东西__________________________________
7．为报告收集信息________________________8.在……方面给建议____________________________
9.征求意见__________________ 10.中国四大古典名著____________________________________
11.我的读书习惯___________________12.为我开辟一个全新的世界____________________________
13.在我家对面 _________________ 14.我不像过去那样害羞了。 ______________________________
15.我每周花7个多小时读不同种类的书。________________________________________________________________
16. 我的朋友在书籍方面给了我很大建议。______________________________________________________________
【要点部分】
A survey on reading habits 一份关于阅读习惯的调查
【用法分析】habit n. 习惯 可数名词 develop good habits 养成好习惯
【拓展】habit常用搭配
get into the habit of ... 意为“养成...的习惯”
eg. Try to regularly. 要努力养成定期记录工作的习惯。
be in the habit of ...意为“有着...的习惯”
eg. Mr. Li .
李老师一直有着每天外出锻炼的习惯。
Who do you usually ask for advice on books 你通常向谁征求关于书的建议？
【用法分析】 advice n. 建议，忠告，劝告 不可数名词，表示“一条建议”，用a piece of advice。而suggestion也可以表示“建议，忠告，劝告”，是可数名词，表示“一条建议”用a suggestion，“一些建议”用some suggestions。
eg. He gave us good advice on how to learn English.
他就怎样学习英语给我们提出了好的建议。
Could you
你能不能就怎样准备考试给我一些建议？
( ) What a good_______ he gave me!
suggestion B. advice C. suggestions D. advices
【拓展】advice常用搭配：
give (sb) advice on... 在某方面(给某人)提建议
ask (sb) for advice (向某人)征求建议
take/follow one’s advice 接受某人的建议
【区分】advise v. 劝告，建议 常用结构 advise sb (not) to do sth 建议某人(不)做某事
eg. If you don't feel well, I advise you to stay in bed.如果你感到不舒服，我建议你卧床休息。
The doctor . 医生建议他父亲不要再抽烟了。
On weekdays, I usually read for about half an hour before going to bed.
在工作日，我通常在睡觉前看大约半小时的书。
【用法分析】 句中的before going to bed在句中充当时间状语，相当于时间状语从句before I go to bed，意为“在我睡觉前”，“before doing sth. = before + 时间状语从句”。after，when等也有类似的用法。
【拓展】
在外出前你最好穿上你的大衣。
You’ d better put on your overcoat _____________________.
= You’ d better put on your overcoat _____________________.
你完成作业后可以和汤姆打羽毛球。
________________________ you can play badminton with Tom.
= ________________________ , you can play badminton with Tom.
当你练习瑜伽时务必小心。
yoga.
= yoga.
I get most of my books form Sunshine Library -- it is just opposite my home.
我从阳光图书馆借到我的大多数书 -- 它就在我家对面。
【用法分析】 opposite在句中做介词，意为“在...对面，与...相反”。
【拓展】(1) opposite作形容词，意为“对面的，相对的”
eg. All the cars driving in the opposite direction had their headlights on.
对面开来的车都打着车前灯。
(2) opposite作副词，意为“在对面”
eg. They sat opposite on the lawn. 他们面对面坐在草坪上。
(3) opposite作名词，意为“对立面，对立物，反义词”
eg. My view is the very opposite of his. 我的观点正好与他相反。
eg. -- What’s the of cold. --It’s hot.
They also open up a whole new world to me. 他们也向我开启了一个全新的世界。
【用法分析】 open up意为“打开，开辟；开放”，作及物动词或不及物动词短语皆可。
eg. The book seemed to open up before me a new and unfamiliar world.
那本书好像在我面前展现了一个我所不熟悉的新世界。
I hope . 我希望这本书会帮助你打开思路。
【拓展部分】
【书面表达】
你喜欢阅读吗 阅读能使人明智，使人充实。请你以 I love Reading 为题，写一篇有关阅读的100字左右的短文。要点:
1. 你为什么喜欢阅读？ 2. 你的阅读习惯 (喜欢的书籍、阅读的时间、地点等)；
3. 你的阅读计划； 4. 号召大家多阅读。
I love Reading
【写作分析】
阅读是一个跟同学们学习生活关系非常密切的话题，题目中已经明确了四个要点，在作文中不可或缺。此外，按照题目要求，学生需要补充自己喜欢的书籍或者阅读爱好等，这样，学生也有了更多的发挥空间。在文章末尾要适当呼吁大家多多阅读，起到升华作用。
关注语言运用环节: 以第一人称和“一般现在时态”为主。
关注结构：Part 1: the reason why you like reading
Part2: your reading habits and reading plan
Para 3: call on others to read more
技巧点拨：在介绍自己的阅读习惯和文章末尾呼吁大家阅读时，应使用恰当的衔接词和过渡词，使文章更加紧凑，行文更加流畅。适当使用从句、谚语、提高语言表达的质量，增强文章的说服力。
【参考范文1】
Francis Bacon once said, “Reading makes a full man.”I love reading. With a book in hand, I will never feel lonely. I can enjoy the beauty of language. My heart will sink into my books and I will forget about my troubles in an instant.
After lunch, I usually read books in the sunshine. Before bedtime, I read books with a glass of milk in hand. On weekends, I am used to reading books in libraries or bookstores. My reading plans are as follows: I read one English novel or science fiction novel each week and two classic Chinese books each month. I also read news on the Internet every day to keep myself updated on what is happening both at home and abroad.
As the old Chinese saying says,“Books are like medicine that can make you clever.” Please join us to read books together!
【参考范文2】
Everyone has hobbies. As for me, l love reading. Reading is like food for the mind for me.
I always go to the library with my mother in my spare time and read books about life. When I see words that I don’t know, I usually look them up in the dictionary and memorize them. I try to keep the new words in my mind so that I won’t run into the same problem again.
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (《绿野仙踪》) is one of my favorite books. It tells me that teamwork is the way to overcome difficulties. We need teamwork.
Reading is like a lighthouse for our life. It guides us in the right direction. Reading can keep us focused and help us improve our ability to concentrate.
So let’s read books together and enjoy our life.
【参考范文3】
As everyone knows, books teach us about the truth of life, science and many other things. They can show us an ocean of knowledge. They can also lead us down the road to success. This is why I love reading so much.
In my bookcase, there are all kinds of books. I like reading fairytales, cartoons and biographies. I often read them in my free time. In the future, I want to read some books about geography and biology because I want to know more about these topics.
Sadly, many of us spend most of our leisure time playing games or surfing the Internet instead of reading. It’ s a pity that fewer students are interested in reading. Not many of us have the regular habit of reading, either. We should spare more time to read together!
Vocabulary
【拓展巩固部分】
read n 读物 v 阅读（过去式）__________ （过去分词）__________
n 读者__________
cooking n 烹饪，烹调
【拓展】cook v. 做饭，烹调 n. 厨师 cooker n 炊具
Germany n 德国
Germany is a European country. 德国是个欧洲国家。
【拓展】German ①可数名词 德国人 Germans (复数) ②不可数名词 德语 ③adj 德国的；德国人的
我们知道马克思出生在德国，德语是他的母语。
We know Max was born and was his native language.
( ) We are from . We are .
Germany;Germans B. Germans; Germany C. German;Germany D. Germany;Germen
knowledge 不可数名词 知识；学问；学识
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
【拓展】knowledgeable adj 博学的；有见识的
spare adj 空闲的；多余的；备用的；闲置的
in one’s spare/ free time 在某人空闲的时候
In my house, there are some spare bedrooms. 我家有几间闲置的卧室。
他们空余时间通常干什么？
v 抽出；腾出（时间，金钱等）
我抽不出时间来帮你。 I can’t___________________ to help you.
French ①adj 法国的，法国人的 ②不可数名词 法语
【拓展】 ① Frenchman 法国人 Frenchmen(复数） ② n 法国
我们都喜欢法国食物。We all like .
那里有两名美国人和两名法国人。There are two and two .
我们从未去过法国。
touch v. 感动，触动
那位勇敢的母亲感动了每个人。 The brave mother touched everyone .
n 接触，联系 get/keep/lose in touch with sb. 与某人取得/保持/失去联系
【拓展】touching adj 感人的 touched adj 受到感动的
别碰未干的油漆。
他说的话让我感动。
学生们被这部电影深深地打动了。The students were deeply by the film.
against prep. ①紧靠，碰，撞 ②反对，和……对阵，违背
against the wall 靠在墙上 hit against a tree 撞到树上 against the war 反对战争
这已经不是这两支队伍第一次打对抗赛了。
This is not the first time for the two teams to each other.
这是违法的。
be tired out 筋疲力尽
我们到达旅途目的地时已筋疲力尽。
_________________________ when we arrived at the end of the journey.
造句:
【拓展】be tired of 对……感到厌烦，厌倦
凯特厌烦了一年到头重复相同的工作。Kate _____________________________ all year round.
tie v 捆，绑，系，打结 现在分词 n 领带
tie...to 把……系到/栓到……上
请把树绑到棍子上使它直立。Please to keep it straight.
他打着一条蓝领带。
stomach n. 胃，腹部 复数
【拓展】stomachache 胃痛，腹痛 ___________________________
类似搭配：_________________________________________________________________
until conj. 直到……为止
①用于肯定句时，主句谓语为延续性动词，指主句的动作一直持续到until 后的动作发生为止。
他们不得不等到雨停。They had to wait _______________________.
一直走，直到你来到那座白色的楼前。
② not...until 直到……才
主句动作通常为非延续性动词，指主句的动作一直到until 后的动作发生时才发生。
那个小女孩直到干完活才停下来去休息。
The little girl____________________she finished her homework.
造句：
fall over 摔倒
【辨析】fall over 强调“向前摔倒，跌倒”
He______________ and hit his head. 他摔倒了，撞到头了。
fall down 滑倒，倒下，后接宾语时加介词 from fall off 跌落，从……掉下来
Millie__________________ because of carelessness.
= Millie ____________________because of carelessness. 米莉因为粗心从自行车上摔了下来。
continue v 继续 后接名词，代词，动词不定式或者动词-ing.
continue doing / to do sth. 继续做某事
没有蜜蜂，庄稼就不能继续生长。Without bees, the crops can’t _____________________.
manage v. 设法完成 manage to do sth. 管理，经营 ,后加名词或代词 经理___________
Adam管理这家鞋厂。
我已经设法自己完成了这个项目。
lift v. 举起，抬高，提高
他能抬起这个重箱子。He can________________________.
A walk in the fresh air can l____________ your mood after a stressful day's work.
n. 电梯
我们可以乘电梯到顶楼。We can __________________________________.
免费搭车，搭便车 I’ ll give you a lift to the airport.
army n. 大批 ，大群 an army of 一群…… n军队（尤指陆军）
她丈夫已经在军队服役5年了。
一大群蚂蚁正忙着搬东西。
unable adj. 不能的，不会的 be unable to do = be not able to do 相当于can’t 或couldn’t
那个小女孩太小，所以提不动那个包。The girl was so young that she
hand in 上交,递交 若代词作宾语应放中间。
我完成我的作业了。我必须把它交上去。I have finished my homework. I must .
【拓展】hand out 分发， 把……拿出来
on time 准时，按时 表示做某事刚好与约定的时间一致，不早也不晚。
学生应准时到校。
【拓展】in time 及时 表示动作在规定时间内或比规定时间提前发生。
refuse vi/vt 拒绝 refuse sth/ to do sth.
那个老人拒绝改变主意。The old man his mind.
success ①不可数名词 成功 失败是成功之母。Failure is the mother of .
②可数名词 成功的人或事 这次聚会很成功。 The party was .
【拓展】v. succeed adj. successful adv. successfully
在某方面成功（4种）___________________________________________________________
造句：______________________________________________________________
translate v. 翻译 translate ...into
你介意把这封信翻译成英文么？ Would you the letter _______ English
【拓展】translation n. 翻译 translator 译者
sales n. （复）销售量 in sales 在销量上
今年汽车销量增加了。Sales of cars are up this year.
【拓展】for sale ____________ on sale _______________
copy n. 一本（份，册）；副本 v. 复制，抄写 a copy of 一本/份/册
请把你的身份证复印件拿一份给我。Please bring me your ID.
汤姆从书上抄下一首诗。Tom down from the book.
Canadian adj. 加拿大的 加拿大人的 n. 加拿大人 加拿大
sail v. 航行 n. 帆（可数） 拓展 sailing n. 帆船运动
hidden adj. 隐藏的 拓展 v. hide （过去式）__________ （过去分词）__________
confidence n. 信心 have confidence in 对......有信心
这首歌告诉我们信心很重要。The song tells us that __________________________.
【拓展】confident adj 有信心的，自信的 be confident about/ of sth. 对……充满信心
我对成功充满信心。
experience ①可数名词 经历
他有很多不平凡的经历。He has a lot of _________________________.
②不可数名词 经验 表示做某事的经验时，其后常接in/of (doing)
王老师在教学方面经验丰富。Mr. Wang _______________________________.
③ vt. 体验，经历
这个女孩从未体验过悲伤。The girl has never_________________ sadness.
【拓展】experienced adj, 有经验的
我父亲是一位有经验的老师。 My father is ___________________.
( ) Mr. Black is a man of and he had a lot of interesting in his life.
A. much experience ; experiences C. much experience ; experience
B. many experiences ; experience D. many experiences ; experiences
advice 不可数名词 建议，忠告，劝告 v.____________同义词_______________
一条建议______________ 给某人一些关于……的建议____________________
征求建议___________________ 接受某人的建议__________________________
( ) Please give me some on how to spend the coming holiday.
A. space B. advice C. praise D. courage
我将就如何照顾你的宠物狗给你一些建议。
【巩固提高部分】
一、词汇检测
I stayed with a family when I was in . (法国)
This is the (丑陋的) building in town.
I think imagination is more important than .(知识)
After sleeping for a while, they (继续) to work on the task.
He isn’t good at English, his younger brother isn’t, .
What happened to your (肩膀)
All the kids were greatly surprised to know that a cow has four . (胃)
He didn’t go to sleep u twelve o’clock last night.
We will play a football match a the boys from Class 1 this afternoon.
The workers were out after two hours’ work without a rest.
The (销量) of Readers are over 8 million copies every month.
The girl was angry with her boyfriend. She (拒绝) to answer his calls many times last night.
Journey to the West was (翻译) into Japanese in the middle of 18th century.
The works of Mo Yan have been (出版) millions of copies since 2012.
Mr. Liu is a good dancer with much . (经验)
Tom is a young man full of . (自信)
I will show some (加拿大) guests around our city next month.
It is said that there is (隐藏的) treasure on the island.
My sister is a in the school library.
My son wants you to give him some on how to learn English.
I sat (在……对面) to him during the meal.
I am sorry I ‘m (能够的) to help you because I have no money with me.
The boy is (系) his shoes at the moment.
Finally, the climber (设法完成) to get to the top of the mountain.
If you want to keep the book longer, you must (续借) them.
Zheng He (航海) the sea to exchange things with other countries.
The English book was so popular that 20,000 (册) were sold out in a week.
Don’t give up. As you know, hard work leads to . (成功)
It is a good [ h bit] to read English for 15 minutes every morning.
What he did really [mu vd] us a lot.
二、短文填空
Our children and grandchildren may not have a chance to visit many of the most famous places around the world. War, weather, age, traffic and pollution damage (破坏) these famous places. If we do 1 (something), they may even no longer remain. But looking after these places often 2 (cost) more than one country can afford.
In the early 1970s, world governments decided that if they joined together, they would be able to preserve (保护) our history. If every country 3 (pay) some money, they said, 4_ would be possible to look after important historic places. For this reason, countries around the world united to form the World Heritage Organization in 1972. Today, the organization helps to protect and rebuild the most important places from our history.
5 , one of the 6 (big) problems for historic places is vandalism. That is to say, people sometimes enter these places and damage the buildings. At some places, such as Stonehenge in England, governments have built high fences to protect it from vandals.
There are many different ideas 7 how to solve the problem of vandalism. Some professors say that if guards keep 8 (walk) around these places, vandals won’t be able to get in. Some professors say that if they fix more television cameras, they won’t need so many guards. Others say that the best way is 9 (educate). If people learn to respect history, they won’t damage it. They will also want to spend money 10 (look) after old places. For this reason, the World Heritage Organization helps to spread information about the value of historic places.
1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________
6. __________ 7. __________ 8. __________ 9. __________ 10. __________
8A Unit 4 A good read
Reading
【学习目标】
读懂文章,对<格列佛游记>有初步的了解. 2.能够通过上下文猜测词义.
【基础部分】
翻译
筋疲力尽__________________________ 2.冲撞到了岩石_________________________________
3.被绑在地上_________________________ 4.爬上我的肚子脖子 _____ ______
5.与我小指一样大小_____________________ 6.跌倒在沙滩上________________________________
7.感觉腿上有东西_______________________ 8.对某人大叫_____________________________
9.继续在我身上移动 _______10.举起左手伸向空中 _______________
11.一大群小人__________________________12.设法去做某事_______________________________
13.怎样逃跑_________________________ 14.径直朝我走来________________________________
【课前复习】
1.Comment on the exercises in Comic strip.
2.Watch a video and present Gulliver’s travel.
【课中探究】
1.Check the preview. Check the answers to Part B1 and the phrases above.
2.Guess from the picture: What happened？(Who When Where What How )
3.Skim the text and think about the structure of the article.
4.Ask students to read the article quickly and answer the following questions.
(1).Which adventure does this extract belong to (2).In this extract ,who am "I" (3).How many tiny people did "I" meet in the end
5. Find the cause of each event.
(1). Gulliver fell down on the beach and went to sleep.
(2). Gulliver found himself unable to move.
(3). The tiny men all fell over.
(4). Gulliver got one hand free.
(5). Gulliver wanted to run away.
6.Listen to the tape and read after it, then finish B3 on page 53.
7.Read again, and then finish B2 and B4 on page 52-53.
8.Try to retell: A tiny man’s diary.
Then I moved up o___ his s______ and neck till near his face. And my friends came to climb up. Suddenly, the big man...
【要点部分】
1. After our ship crash against the rocks, I swam as far as I could.
as far as I could "尽我所能的远"= as far as possible 尽可能远
as + adj./adv. +as sb. can尽某人所能的...=as + adj./adv. +as possible尽可能的...
e.g. 他尽快地跑出了大楼。
He ran out of the building_______________.= He ran out of the building_______________.
as fast as sb. can/possible 尽快（速度）
as soon as sb. can/possible 尽快（时间）
e.g. 我们应该尽早去赶早班车。We should_____________________________.
e.g. 请尽快给我写信。Please write to me___________________________.
as adj./adv. as … 和……一样的
这没有我想象的那么难。It is not _____________ I thought.
2. By the time I finally felt the land under my feet, I was tired out.
by the time 到… 的时候 （引导时间状语从句，同when）
e.g. 我们到山顶的时候，精疲力竭了。____________the top of the mountain, we were tired out.
3. By the time I finally felt the land under my feet, I was tired out.
be tired out 筋疲力尽
e.g. 我整个上午都在跳舞，我筋疲力尽了。I was dancing all the morning, I_______________.
e.g. 上完体育课，我通常筋疲力尽了。After PE lessons, I __________________.
4. I fell down on the beach and went to sleep.
fall down 摔倒；倒塌
与fall相关的短语：
fall down 摔倒；倒塌 fall over摔倒 fall off… 从…摔下来 fall behind 落后
（1）.这房屋也许会倒塌。The house may_______________________.
（2）.Suddenly, Jimmy _________ his bike. Luckily , he was not badly hurt.
（3）.Be careful not to _____________ again!
（4）. Work hard, or you will ____________.
5. My arms, legs and hair were tied to the ground!
be tied to … 被捆/栓在…上
e.g. 这条狗被拴在了树上。The dog_________________.
tie…to … 把捆/栓在…上
那些小人把Gulliver的胳膊、腿和头发栓到了地上。Those small men_____________________.
6. It moved up over my stomach and neck until it was standing near my face.
until直到...为止，引导时间状语从句
not...until... 直到...才... （用于否定句）
我昨天等你到晚上十点。I waited for you until 10p.m. yesterday.
直到他告诉我，我才知道。_____________________________.
直到他的父母回来，他才将去睡觉。_____________________________.
7. He was the same size as my little finger!
the same +n.+ as… 与...有相同的... = as + adj. +as 与…一样…
e.g. 我书包的颜色和我妹妹的一样。My school bag is ______________=_______________.
e.g. 这座塔和那座高度是一样的。This tower is ______________=______________that one.
e.g. 这些箱子和那些重量一样吗？Are these boxes ____________=___________those ones？
8. However, they soon got up again and continued moving across my body.
continue doing sth.=continue to do sth. 继续做…
e.g. 这场雨整整一下午都下个不停。The rain_____________________________.
e.g. 你打算在饭后继续讲这个故事吗？Are you going to _________________ after dinner
9. I didn’t know what to say either.
either "也"，用于否定句，放在句末。
too（= as well）用于肯定句，放在句末。
also 是比较正式的用语，经常放在句中。
e.g. 我也还没有决定去哪里度假呢。
I haven’t decided____________________________________.
e.g. 我还没读这一本书，我弟弟也没有。
I haven’t read the book, my brother________________.
I tried to pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes.
manage to do的意思是"设法完成" 。
He managed ____________ (remember) when it happened.
try to do sth. 努力去做某事，结果不明确；manage to设法成功地做某事，结果成功。
He ___ the work with very little help, but he failed.
A. tried to do B. managed to do C. tries doing D. managed doing
e.g. 你是怎么设法到达那里的？How did you ________________________
e.g. 我们设法准时完成这个报告.We _________________________ on time.
11. I looked down and saw a huge army of tiny people.
an army of 意思是"一群…" 一群蚂蚁an army of ants
army "军队(陆军）" 参军 join the army
e.g. 她的丈夫在陆军服役。Her husband is__________________.
【巩固提高部分】
【课堂巩固练习】
一、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. A ship crashed a________ a big rock.
2. A dog was t____ to a tree.
3. I can’t eat any more. My s_______ is full.
4. He didn’t go to bed u____ he finished his homework.
5. There are five f______ in one hand.
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. After the ship _______ (crash) against the rocks, I swam as far as I could.
2. I woke up as the sun _________ (rise).
3. More men started __________ (climb) all over me.
4. They continued _______________ (move) across my body.
5. He will manage __________ (finish) the work in two days.
三、阅读理解。
A group of swans flew down to a beach where a crow（乌鸦） was jumping around. The crow watched them with disdain（鄙视）.
"You have no flying skills at all!" he said to the swans. "All you can do is to move your wings. Can you turn over in the air No, that’s beyond you. Let’s have a flying competition. I’ll show you what real flying is!"
One of the swans, a strong young male, took up the challenge. The crow flew up and began to show his skills. He flew in circles, performed other flying tricks, and then came down and looked proudly at the Swan.
Now it was the swan’s turn. He flew up, and began flying over the sea. The crow flew after him, making all kinds of comments（评价）about his flying. They flew on and on till they couldn’t see the land and there was nothing but water on all sides. The crow was making fewer and fewer comments. He was now so exhausted that he found it hard to stay in the air, and had to struggle to keep himself from falling into the water.
The swan pretended（假装）not to notice, and said, "Why do you keep touching the water, brother Is that another trick ""No," said the crow. He knew he had lost the competition. "I’m in trouble because of my pride! If you don’t help me, I’ll lose my life."
The swan took pity on him, and took him on his shoulders and flew back to the beach.
( )1．What’s the correct order of the following events
a. The crow followed the swan and got into trouble.
b. The swan felt pity for the crow and saved it.
c. The crow had to ask the swan for help.
d. The crow challenged the swans and a swan agreed.
A．a, d, b, c B．a, b, d, c C．d, a, c, b D．d, c, a, b
( )2．What does the word "exhausted" in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese
A．生气的 B．疲劳的 C．害怕的 D．紧张的
( )3．Why did the crow keep touching the water
A．It was tired and almost fell into the water. B．It was showing another flying skill.
C．It was thirsty and wanted to drink some water. D．It was enjoying itself by doing so.
( )4．What does the underlined word "him" refer（指）to
A．All kinds of crows. B．The swan. C．The sea. D．Another crow.
( )5．What can we infer（推断） from the passage
A．The crow didn’t know flying.
B．Flying skills were useless.
C．The swan was able to fly longer and farther than the crow.
D．The swan saved the crow because they were good friends.
四、短文填空。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。每空一词。
Every year, there are common people spreading positive energy and touching our hearts. On March 3, Janis Chan 66______(be) listed among the "people who moved China in 2021". Working as a reporter and TV host for over 20 years, Janis Chan, from Hong Kong, has tried to create (创建) 67______ window into the Chinese mainland.
In 2021, Chan hosted a show 68______(call)No Poverty Land (《无穷之路》). The show records 69______ people in remote areas of China work hard to shake off poverty (贫穷). For the documentary, Chan spent three months 70______ (walk) across mountains and rivers to reach remote villages in Hainan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, and the Guangxi Zhuang and Ningxia Hui autonomous regions.
To go to some 71______ these villages, she had to climb a 2,556-step ladder to reach cliff side (悬崖边) villages and went through sandstorms in Northwest China. Chan not only talked with locals, but experienced72______ (they) lives. She wanted to show people the changes that have 73______(take) place in these areas.The show won good reviews at home and abroad. Chan said what she wants is to produce more shows to get more people to know China 74______ (good).
Chan says, "There are people out there who always like to question the 75______ (achievement) of the mainland. We’ve seen the changes, and we felt it necessary to do a program like this."
8A Unit 4 A good read
Grammar
【学习目标】
学会正确使用 “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”的结构. 2. 学会正确使用must和have to .
【基础部分】
翻译下列单词词组和句子
1．写报告 _________________________ 2．上交作业_________________________
3．请求帮助________________________ 4．看一些评论_______________________
5．续借图书________________________ 6．这么多有趣的书___________________
【要点部分】
疑问词+动词不定式：
一、用法：疑问词+动词不定式做动词的宾语。
疑问词也包括疑问代词what, which, who和疑问副词how, when, where。常和此结构连用的动词及动词短语有：know, learn, see, hear, ask, tell, decide, explain, find out, forget, remember, understand 等。
【例句】I don’t know what to say next.我不知道接下来该说什么。
I can’t decide which to take.我不能决定该拿哪一个。
Please tell me how to go there.请告诉我怎样到哪儿。
“疑问词+动词不定式” 结构可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句。
【例句】
I don’t know what to do.= I do not know what I should do. 我不知道该做什么。
They can't decide where to go.=They can't decide where they should go.)他们不能决定去哪里。
I could not decide which dictionary to buy. = I could not decide which dictionary I should buy.
我不能决定买哪本字典。
ack did not know where to find such a good teacher.=Jack did not know where he could find such a good teacher. 杰克不知道到哪能找到这样一个好老师。
二、归纳
总结：“疑问词+不定式”结构有下列五种功能：
⑴当主语，如：
When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided. 何时开会还没有定下来。
Where to live is a problem. 住哪里是个问题。
⑵当宾语，如：
We must know what to say at a meeting. 我们必须知道在会上说些什么。
He could not tell whom to trust. 他无法分辨该信任谁。
⑶当表语，如：
The problem is where to find the financial aid. 问题是到哪找到财政援助。
⑷当名词同位语，如：
Tom had no idea which book to read first. 汤姆不知道先读哪本书。
⑸当宾语补足语，如：
Jim is not sure whose to choose. 吉姆不确定选择谁的。
Mary and John are not certain whether to get married or not. 玛丽和约翰不确定是否要结婚。
I could not decide which dictionary to buy. = I could not decide which dictionary I
should buy. 我不能决定买哪本字典。
Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher.=Jack did not know where he
could find such a good teacher.
杰克不知道到哪能找到这样一个好老师。
三、注意
1、所有疑问句中，只有why不可以与动词不定式连用。
原则上说，why后不接不定式，不过若不定式不带to，则可用why。即：
Why not go there at once 为什么不马上去那儿呢？
Why argue with her 为什么要跟她争论呢？
注意：这类结构通常只用于谈论现在和将来，不用于谈论过去。
你昨天为什么不打扫房间？
误：Why not clean the room yesterday
正：Why didn't you clean the room yesterday
2、有些动词，如ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach等，可以先有个宾语，然后才接着加上适当的“疑问词+不定式动词” 结构。
例如： Have you told him where to get the application form 你告诉他哪里领申请表了吗？
must & have to 用法
区别1：
must多表示主观需要或责任感的驱使有必要或有义务去做某事，多译为“必须”，
而have to多表示客观存在的环境所限，即客观要求(无奈)而为之，多译为“不得不干某事”。
例：I must clean the room because it is too dirty.（无人强迫）因为太脏了，我必须要打扫房间。
We must be there on time.（责任感的驱使）我们一定准时到达。
I have to do my homework now.（不得不做）我现在不得不做作业。
I have to leave school because my family is poor now.因为家里穷了，我不得不退学。
It is getting dark. He has to go home now. 天快黑了，你现在得回家了。
区别2：
must没有时态的变化，而have to有时态的变化。例：
Daming was hurt. The doctor said he had to stay in hospital for about two weeks. His father has to go to take care of him.
We don’t have to go to school on Sundays. 星期天我们不必上学。
区别3：
must的否定为mustn’t，多表示“禁令”。
例：No! You mustn’t turn left! You must turn right into The Strand.不！你不能向左转！你应该向右转进入到strand中。
You must not smoke here.你不能在这里抽烟。
have to 的否定形式do not have to, 相当于need not 。
例：They do not have to buy a computer at the moment.他们目前没有必要买电脑。
由must引起的疑问句，肯定回答要用must或have to，否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to，意思是“不必”；
注意！！
例：1）—Must I finish my homework before eight o’clock —Yes, you must.
我必须要在8点之前完成作业吗？是的，必须。
2）—Must I attend the meeting —No, you needn’t/ don’t have to. You can ask Tom to go instead.
我必须要参加这次会议吗？不。你不必。你可以让汤姆替你去。
must 还可以表示肯定猜测，意思是 “一定” 。否定的猜测是can’t。
【例句】You must be hungry after all that walking. 走了那么远的路，你一定饿了吧。
That can’t be Lucy. She has gone to American. 那肯定不是Lucy，她已经去了美国。
【拓展部分】
一、单词拼写
1.- Have you ever read the film_______（评论） --- Yes, it's good.
2. Every day students should get to school and get home_______（准时）．
3. _______（交；递）in your examination paper as soon as possible.
4. Lucy hasn't finished reading the book, so she wants to_______（续借）it.
5. You should_______ (give back) the storybook to Mary this afternoon.
二、句型转换
1．Often we don't know where we can go on Sundays.（同义句转换）
Often we don't know_______ _______ go on Sundays.
2．We have to go to school at weekends.（改为否定句）
We _______ _______ _______ go to school at weekends.
3．Must I start dancing now （作否定回答）_______，_______ _______．
4. - Must I return the book this week
- No, you_______. You can_______ it for 20 days.
A. mustn't; keep B. needn't; borrow C. needn't; keep D. mustn't; borrow
三、阅读短文，首字母填空。
One day a snake was looking for food. She f____1____ a hole and went into it. “Hooray! It was a house for mice,” She said to h___2____ happily. There, she saw some little babies of mice. “I’ll have fun h___3____ a big meal!”
She came to them and asked, “Where are your parents ” The babies answered, “They went out for food.” “Good!” said the snake. “Listen, I came here to see your parents and t____4____ them not to steal (偷) people’s grain any m____5____, or I will kill you all.” The little mice worried about their own safety. “Don’t be a____6____. My body is like the hole. It is a safe place. W____7____ I open my mouth, you can come into it one by one. Then we will wait for your parents coming back. Are you clear ” The little babies came into the snake from her mouth one by one.
A moment l____8____, the mice’s parents came back with some grain. Just then they found a snake in their room. “Who are you Why did you come into our house Where are our babies ” The snake answered in a l____9____ voice, “Your babies have been in my body. Don’t you want to see them ” W____10____ these words, the snake flew at the mice.
8A Unit 4 A good read
Task
【学习目标】
1．通过预习，完成Part A有关阅读习惯方面的调查报告。 2．了解调查报告的结构形式。
【基础部分】
翻译
1.一方面---另一方面---__________________2.航海去寻找隐藏的宝藏___________________________
3.主人公______________________4.在将来有激动人心的经历________________________________
5.给我许多信心_____________________6.愿意尝试新的东西__________________________________
7．为报告收集信息________________________8.在……方面给建议____________________________
9.征求意见__________________ 10.中国四大古典名著____________________________________
11.我的读书习惯___________________12.为我开辟一个全新的世界____________________________
13.在我家对面 _________________ 14.我不像过去那样害羞了。 ______________________________
15.我每周花7个多小时读不同种类的书。________________________________________________________________
16. 我的朋友在书籍方面给了我很大建议。______________________________________________________________
【要点部分】
A survey on reading habits 一份关于阅读习惯的调查
【用法分析】habit n. 习惯 可数名词 develop good habits 养成好习惯
【拓展】habit常用搭配
get into the habit of ... 意为“养成...的习惯”
eg. Try to regularly. 要努力养成定期记录工作的习惯。
be in the habit of ...意为“有着...的习惯”
eg. Mr. Li .
李老师一直有着每天外出锻炼的习惯。
Who do you usually ask for advice on books 你通常向谁征求关于书的建议？
【用法分析】 advice n. 建议，忠告，劝告 不可数名词，表示“一条建议”，用a piece of advice。而suggestion也可以表示“建议，忠告，劝告”，是可数名词，表示“一条建议”用a suggestion，“一些建议”用some suggestions。
eg. He gave us good advice on how to learn English.
他就怎样学习英语给我们提出了好的建议。
Could you
你能不能就怎样准备考试给我一些建议？
( ) What a good_______ he gave me!
suggestion B. advice C. suggestions D. advices
【拓展】advice常用搭配：
give (sb) advice on... 在某方面(给某人)提建议
ask (sb) for advice (向某人)征求建议
take/follow one’s advice 接受某人的建议
【区分】advise v. 劝告，建议 常用结构 advise sb (not) to do sth 建议某人(不)做某事
eg. If you don't feel well, I advise you to stay in bed.如果你感到不舒服，我建议你卧床休息。
The doctor . 医生建议他父亲不要再抽烟了。
On weekdays, I usually read for about half an hour before going to bed.
在工作日，我通常在睡觉前看大约半小时的书。
【用法分析】 句中的before going to bed在句中充当时间状语，相当于时间状语从句before I go to bed，意为“在我睡觉前”，“before doing sth. = before + 时间状语从句”。after，when等也有类似的用法。
【拓展】
在外出前你最好穿上你的大衣。
You’ d better put on your overcoat _____________________.
= You’ d better put on your overcoat _____________________.
你完成作业后可以和汤姆打羽毛球。
________________________ you can play badminton with Tom.
= ________________________ , you can play badminton with Tom.
当你练习瑜伽时务必小心。
yoga.
= yoga.
I get most of my books form Sunshine Library -- it is just opposite my home.
我从阳光图书馆借到我的大多数书 -- 它就在我家对面。
【用法分析】 opposite在句中做介词，意为“在...对面，与...相反”。
【拓展】(1) opposite作形容词，意为“对面的，相对的”
eg. All the cars driving in the opposite direction had their headlights on.
对面开来的车都打着车前灯。
(2) opposite作副词，意为“在对面”
eg. They sat opposite on the lawn. 他们面对面坐在草坪上。
(3) opposite作名词，意为“对立面，对立物，反义词”
eg. My view is the very opposite of his. 我的观点正好与他相反。
eg. -- What’s the of cold. --It’s hot.
They also open up a whole new world to me. 他们也向我开启了一个全新的世界。
【用法分析】 open up意为“打开，开辟；开放”，作及物动词或不及物动词短语皆可。
eg. The book seemed to open up before me a new and unfamiliar world.
那本书好像在我面前展现了一个我所不熟悉的新世界。
I hope . 我希望这本书会帮助你打开思路。
【拓展部分】
【书面表达】
你喜欢阅读吗 阅读能使人明智，使人充实。请你以 I love Reading 为题，写一篇有关阅读的100字左右的短文。要点:
1. 你为什么喜欢阅读？ 2. 你的阅读习惯 (喜欢的书籍、阅读的时间、地点等)；
3. 你的阅读计划； 4. 号召大家多阅读。
I love Reading
【写作分析】
阅读是一个跟同学们学习生活关系非常密切的话题，题目中已经明确了四个要点，在作文中不可或缺。此外，按照题目要求，学生需要补充自己喜欢的书籍或者阅读爱好等，这样，学生也有了更多的发挥空间。在文章末尾要适当呼吁大家多多阅读，起到升华作用。
关注语言运用环节: 以第一人称和“一般现在时态”为主。
关注结构：Part 1: the reason why you like reading
Part2: your reading habits and reading plan
Para 3: call on others to read more
技巧点拨：在介绍自己的阅读习惯和文章末尾呼吁大家阅读时，应使用恰当的衔接词和过渡词，使文章更加紧凑，行文更加流畅。适当使用从句、谚语、提高语言表达的质量，增强文章的说服力。
【参考范文1】
Francis Bacon once said, “Reading makes a full man.”I love reading. With a book in hand, I will never feel lonely. I can enjoy the beauty of language. My heart will sink into my books and I will forget about my troubles in an instant.
After lunch, I usually read books in the sunshine. Before bedtime, I read books with a glass of milk in hand. On weekends, I am used to reading books in libraries or bookstores. My reading plans are as follows: I read one English novel or science fiction novel each week and two classic Chinese books each month. I also read news on the Internet every day to keep myself updated on what is happening both at home and abroad.
As the old Chinese saying says,“Books are like medicine that can make you clever.” Please join us to read books together!
【参考范文2】
Everyone has hobbies. As for me, l love reading. Reading is like food for the mind for me.
I always go to the library with my mother in my spare time and read books about life. When I see words that I don’t know, I usually look them up in the dictionary and memorize them. I try to keep the new words in my mind so that I won’t run into the same problem again.
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (《绿野仙踪》) is one of my favorite books. It tells me that teamwork is the way to overcome difficulties. We need teamwork.
Reading is like a lighthouse for our life. It guides us in the right direction. Reading can keep us focused and help us improve our ability to concentrate.
So let’s read books together and enjoy our life.
【参考范文3】
As everyone knows, books teach us about the truth of life, science and many other things. They can show us an ocean of knowledge. They can also lead us down the road to success. This is why I love reading so much.
In my bookcase, there are all kinds of books. I like reading fairytales, cartoons and biographies. I often read them in my free time. In the future, I want to read some books about geography and biology because I want to know more about these topics.
Sadly, many of us spend most of our leisure time playing games or surfing the Internet instead of reading. It’ s a pity that fewer students are interested in reading. Not many of us have the regular habit of reading, either. We should spare more time to read together!