Unit 7 形容词副词比较级、最高级讲义（无答案）2023-2024学年人教版英语八年级下册

adj./adv.的比较级和最高级
一、形容词及副词比较级及最高级的定义
大多数的形容词和副词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更……”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更……”，比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰，其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时，需要用到形容词（副词）的最高级。表达“……是最……的”,用“the+形容词（副词）的最高级”的结构
1.同级比较
用于两者之间的同级比较，表示“…和…一样”，其句型主要分两种：
"as +形容词/副词原级+as"的结构，表示前后两者的情况一样。
他几乎像他姐姐一样勤奋。
He was almost as hard-working as his sister．
在否定句中，用"not as/ so +形容词/副词原级+as"结构，表示前者不如后者。
Jason没有他的哥哥高。
Jason is not as/so tall as his brother.
2. 比较级的用法:
1）A+v.+形容词比较级+than+ B
Susan is happier than Jane. Susan比Jane更开心。
2）which/who …比较级, A or B
Which city is bigger, Beijing or Tianjin 北京和天津哪个城市大？
Who is happier, you or me 谁更快乐，你还是我？
3）主谓+比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越……”
The earth is getting warmer and warmer. 地球越来越暖和了。
China becomes more and more stronger. 中国变得越来越强大。
4）the +比较级+主谓，the +比较级结构+主谓，表示“越……就越……”
The harder you study, the better grades you will get. 你学习越努力，成绩就越好。
5)…the +比较级 +of the two… 两个中更…的那个
The taller of the two boys is Peter.
Look at the two girls .Who is the heavier of them
6）主谓+比较级+than any other +可数名词单数+in... : （在某一范围内）......比其他任何一个都......
New York is more famous than any other city in the US. 纽约比美国任何其他城市都要出名。
7) 具体对比量+形容词比较级+than…
much, a lot, far +比较级 “比….得多”
a little , a bit , kind of +比较级 “比…一点儿”
even +比较级 “甚至更… “ still +比较级 “还是更…”
Eg: I’m two years older than you. 我比你大两岁。
She is a head taller than me.
He is much less hardworking.
He is even worse today.
3.最高级用法：
用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较,最高级前加the，最高级前有物主代词，序数词和名词所有格时，不加定冠词，后面跟带in或of表范围的短语。
A+be/动词+the+最高级+of/in/among+比较范围
He is the tallest of the three boys. 他是三个男孩中个子最高的。
Jim writes(the) most carelessly in his class. 吉姆写得是班上最粗心的。
A+be+one of +the+最高级+名词复数 “A是…中最…之一”。
Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China. 上海是中国最美丽的城市之一。
Which/Who+be/动词+the+最高级, A, B or C？ ,表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时
Which city is the most beautiful,Beijing,Shanghai or Fuzhou 北京、上海和福州哪个城市最美？
A+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词单数+范围” ,表示“第几个最…”。
She is the second tallest girl in our class. 她是我们班第二高的女孩。
形容词最高级前面可以用形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，但不能再加the.
I got into a fight with my best friend. 我和我最好的朋友打架了。
（一）规则变化
类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和 少数双音节词 一般直接加-er, -est long longer longest
tall taller tallest
以不发音字母e结尾时，加-r, -st late later lastest
large larger largest
以辅音字母加y结尾 时，把y变i，再加 -er, -est easy easier easiest
happy happier happiest
以重读闭音节结尾 且词尾只有一个辅音 字母时，双写该辅音字母，再加-er, -est big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest
多音节词 和部分双 音节词 在原级前加more, most careful beautiful more careful more beautiful most careful most beautiful
（二）不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
many/much more most
bad/ill worse worst
little less least
far farther(较远) further(进一步) farthest（最远） furthest(最大程度)
old older(年纪较大的) elder(较年长的) oldest(年纪最大的) eldest(最年长的)
4. 倍数的用法:
1）A+谓语+倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B，表示A正好是B的多少倍。
This bridge is three times as long as that one.（这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。）
A+谓语+倍数+比较级+than+B，表示A比B大多少倍。
This room is five times bigger than that one.（这个房间比那个房间大五倍。=这个房间是那个房间的六倍。）
A+谓语+倍数+the size/height/length/width/weight/depth of B，表示A正好是B多少倍大/高/长/宽/重/深。
This street is four times the length of that one."（这条街是那条街的四倍长。）
写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级。
1. fat 2. small
3. wet 4. sharp
5. good 6. happy
7. sweet 8. pretty
9. easy 10. hard
11. busy 12. thin
13. clean 14. big
15. beautiful 16. wonderful
17. quick 18. little
19. strong 20. expensive
比较级练习题
选择题：
1. I think swimming is ________ than running.
A. exciting B. more exciting C. most exciting D. the most exciting
2.—Which clothes store is ________, Tom’s or Sally’s
—Tom’s. The service is also better there.
A. cheaper B. more cheaper C. cheaply D. more cheaply
3. ________ you travel, ________ your life experience will be.
A. The more; the richer B. The less; the more
C. The more; the less D. The less; the richer
4. This kind of computer game is getting ________ now.
A. more and more popular B. more popular and popular C. popular and popular
5. Mum is glad to see that Jim is ________ than before.
A. careful B. more careful C. more carefully D. the most careful
6. It’s reported that newborn babies are ________. At the same time, the number of elderly people is getting even ________.
A. less and less; more B. fewer and fewer; larger
C. fewer and fewer; more D. less and less; large
7.— Do you know the population of Japan
— Sorry, I’m not sure. But it’s ________ than that of India.
A. fewer B. less C. more D. smaller
8.—Mike, please move the box much ________ because there are glasses in it.
—OK, mom.
A. less carefully B. carefully C. most carefully D. more carefully
9. The Yellow River is ________ than the Yangtze River.
A. short B. shorter C. long D. longer
10.—The coffee is good.
—That’s right. It will taste ________ with some milk.
A. good B. better C. best
11. Jenny is ______ taller than any other student in her class.
A. much B. very C. more
填空题：
This T-shirt is too expensive, so I’d like a much one. (cheap)
To keep healthy, we should eat (little) meat and more fruit and vegetables.
You’d better not eat too much chocolate, or you’ll get much . (fat)
Please come a little (early) next time, Peter!
Students like to wear sports shoes since they are much (comfortable).
This radio is not so ________ as that one. (cheap)
It is much _______ today than yesterday. (hot)
She is a little ________ than her classmates. (careful)
Which book is ________, this one or that one (easy)
________ people came to the meeting than last time. (many)
Things are getting _______ and _______. (bad)
The higher you climb, the _______ it will be. (cold)
The _______(hard) you work, the ________(happy) your parents will be.
He is __________(tall) of the two.
Bob is _________ ( young ) than fred, but ___________ (tall) than fred.
Which is _________ (heavy), the hen or the chicken
After taking tennis classes, Tim is much (strong) than last year.
最高级练习题
选择题：
1. I think swimming is one of ________ sports in our school.
A. popular B. more popular C. the most popular D. the more popular
2. —Hainan is a very large island.
—Yes, it’s the second ________ island in China.
A. large B. larger C. largest D. the larger
3. —What’s the ________ river in China
—The Yangtze River.
A. long B. longer C. longest D. most longest
4. —Emily is ________ of all the students.
—That’s why she is the top student in her class.
A. hard-working B. more hard-working
C. much hard-working D. the most hard-working
5. Linda does well in all her subjects. She is one of ________ in her class.
A. the cleverest girls B. the cleverer girl C. clever girls D. cleverest girl
6. —The song is ________ of all. I really enjoy it.
—Me, too.
A. popular B. more popular C. the most popular D. most popular
7. Which is ________, the sun, the moon, or the earth
A. small B. smaller C. the small D. the smallest
8. Many Chinese people call Su Bingtian the “flying man” because he runs __________ in China.
A. slower B. slowest C. faster D. fastest
9. — Our class did well in the school singing competition.
— Yes, you sang ________ of all.
A. more beautiful B. more beautifully C. most beautiful D. most beautifully
10. —Who runs ________, Amy, Lily or Nancy
—Lily.
A. more quickly B. most quickly C. quicker D. much quicker
填空题：
Lucy is (thin) girl in her class.
My mother is the (busy) in my family.
Mr. smith is _________ man in this office. (rich)
He got _________(good) grades in his class.
Of all the subjects, he likes English _______(well).
He is one of the_________(friendly) people in the class, I think.
The Changjiang River is the _______ (long) river in China.
Most of the students think a lion is much (dangerous) than a bear and it is the (dangerous) animal in the world
—Annie plays the piano very _________ (well).
— Sue plays it _____ (well) than annie. and sally plays it the ______ (well).
—How _________ (tall) is sally
— She' s 1.55 metres ________ (tall). What about Xiaoling -— She' s only 1.40 metres ________ (tall).
She is much _______ (short) than sally.
She is also the _______ (short) girl in the class.
*比较级和最高级可以互相转换
主谓+最高级+范围
=主谓+比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数
=主谓+比较级+than+the other+可数名词复数
Eg：He is the tallest in the class. 他是班上个子最高的。
= He is taller than any other student in the class. 他比班上任何一个学生都高。
= He is taller than the other students in the class. 他比班上其他学生都高
练习题：
Jenny is in her class. (smart)
=
=
He runs than the other players in his team. (fast)
=He in his team.
=He runs than in his team.
She is girl in the world. (beautiful)
=
=