Unit 2 Exploring English（课内知识预习）
一．单词学习
词汇 释义 用法&拓展
behavior n.举止,行为 good/bad behavior 良好/恶劣行为
behave v.表现;表现得体,有礼貌 behave well/badly towards sb.对待某人好/差 behave oneself 守规矩;表现得体
burn up 烧毁,烧尽;消耗,耗费 He burned up all the old letters.他烧毁了过去的全部信件。 Which burns up more calories—swimming or cycling 游泳和骑自行车,哪种运动消耗热量更多
burn down (被)烧毁 burn down通常是指建筑物被完全烧塌; burn up也有“烧毁,烧掉”之意,但一般不是指建筑物。 The school building was burned down in that big fire. 在那场大火中,学校大楼被烧毁。
alarm n.警报器;闹钟;恐慌;警报v.使惊恐,使害怕 in alarm 惊恐地(常作状语) raise/sound the alarm 发出警报 an alarm clock 闹钟
creativity n.创造性,创造力 create v.创造 creative adj.创造(性)的,创新性的 creator n.创造者,创作者 creation n.创造;创作
wind up 给(机械)上发条 摇上(车窗等) 使(活动、会议等)结束 Tom was late this morning because he forgot to wind up the clock.汤姆今天早上迟到了,因为他忘了给钟上发条了。 They drove along with all the car windows wound up. 他们摇上全部车窗,驱车前进。 If we all agree, let's wind up the discussion.如果我们大家都同意,那就让我们结束讨论吧。
unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的,不了解的 be unfamiliar with 不熟悉/不通晓……
familiar adj.熟悉的
addition n.增加物,添加物;增加,添加;加法 in addition此外(=besides/moreover/furthermore/what's more) in addition to 除……之外(还)
additional adj.附加的;额外的;外加的 additionally adv.此外;另外
comment n.评论;意见 v.表达意见;评论 make comments on/about...就……作出评论 comment on/upon...就……发表评论 comment that...评论说……
二．课文精研读
原文呈现
Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple
1 Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning① English I hadn’t，until one day my five-year-old son asked me whether there was ham② in a hamburger【1】.There isn’t.This made me realize that there’s no egg in eggplant③ either.Neither is there pine④ nor apple in pineapple⑤【2】.This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn【3】.
【1】整个句子是“not...until...”句式。“I hadn’t”是“I hadn’t asked myself”的省略形式，until引导时间状语从句。在该时间状语从句中，whether引导的从句作asked的直接宾语，whether在此意为“是否”。
【2】“neither...nor...”是并列连词，意为“既不……也不……”；此处否定词Neither 位于句首，故句子用部分倒装结构。
【3】句中how引导的从句作thinking的宾语。句中“got me thinking”是“get＋宾语＋宾补”结构，此处用现在分词thinking作宾补。
2 For example，in our free time we can sculpt⑥ a sculpture and paint a painting，but we take a photo.And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi，but on the train or bus！While we’re doing all this traveling，we can get seasick⑦at sea，airsick in the air and carsick in a car，but we don’t get homesick when we get back home. And speaking of⑧ home，why aren’t homework and housework the same thing
3 If “hard” is the opposite⑨ of “soft”， why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair If harmless⑩ actions are the opposite of harmful actions，why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same
4 When we look out of the window and see rain or snow，we can say “it’s raining” or “it’s snowing”.But when we see sunshine，we can’t say “it’s sunshining”.
5 Even the smallest words can be confusing .When you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report，do you read it as the “who” in “Who’s that？”【4】What about “IT” and “US”？
6 You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down，in which you fill in a form by filling it out，and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off!
【4】When引导时间状语从句。capitalized在从句中作定语，修饰“WHO”。
7 English was invented by people，not computers，and it reflects the creativity of the human race.That is why when the stars are out，they are visible，but when the lights are out，they are invisible【5】.And that is why when I wind up my watch，it starts，but when I wind up this passage，it ends.
【5】本句为由并列连词but引导的并列复合句，第一个分句中，That is why...意为“这就是……的原因”，为固定句型。此句型中why引导的是表语从句；第二个分句中，when引导时间状语从句。
课文语法填空
Have you ever asked 1.yourself (you) why people often have trouble 2.learning (learn) English I hadn’t，until one day my five-year-old son asked me 3.whether there was ham in a hamburger or not.This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language 4.to__learn (learn).
Even the smallest of words can be 5.confusing (confuse).You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in 6.which a house can burn up as it burns down，and in which an alarm 7.is__heard (hear) once it goes off!
English 8.was__invented (invent) by people，not computers，and it reflects the creativity of the human race.That is why when the stars are out，they are visible，but when the 9.lights (light) are out，they are invisible.And that is why when I wind up my watch，it starts，10.but when I wind up this passage，it ends.
原文呈现
Misadventures① in English
Last week，our forum asked if you had any funny or strange stories about using English【1】.We didn’t expect② to get so many posts! Here are some of our favourites③，to remind④ us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world!
【1】此处为if引导的宾语从句，if意为“是否”。
366
325 comments⑤
share⑥
favourites
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Yancy
People say that the British always play safe⑦ with what they eat.Not true! I went to a summer school in Manchester and my English teacher was called Maggie.One day，a different teacher took our class.He told us that Maggie couldn’t teach that day COZ she had a frog in her throat⑧.Poor⑨ Maggie—but why did she try to eat such a big frog
135 comments
Sophie
When I first visited New York，I went to a downtown shopping centre to buy some winter boots⑩.At the information desk at the entrance，I asked a lady where the shoe section was.She said that it was on the first floor.So I went up to the first floor，but couldn’t find any shoes.I decided to leave.When I was looking for the exit，I saw that shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor，not the first floor.Why did she give me the wrong information？X-(
128 comments
Julien
I’ve got an English penfriend，who I finally got to meet in London this summer.He had told me that his grandfather was “really wicked ”.But when I met his grandfather，I liked him a lot.I found it very odd.Why did my friend use a negative word about such a nice man？
63 comments
Zheng Xu
The British must have really high standards .I was part of a student exchange programme between a university in England and my university in China.I spent days preparing and writing my first English paper 【2】.I knew I had done a good job and was looking forward to getting a positive comment.When I got the paper back，I found my teacher had written the comment “Not bad ！” Not bad But there weren’t any errors in my paper.∶-(
85 comments
【2】该句使用了spend...(in) doing sth，preparing和writing是两个并列的v.-ing 形式。
四．高频词汇句型精讲
1. confusing adj.令人困惑的;难以理解的
Even the smallest words can be confusing.即使是最短小的单词都能让人费解。
词汇拓展
①confuse v.使困惑;(将……)混淆;使更难于理解
confuse sb.把某人弄糊涂
confuse A with/and B把A和B混淆
②confused adj.迷惑的;不知所措的
be confused about sth.对某事感到困惑
③confusion n.困惑;混乱;混淆
in confusion困惑地;迷茫地
1.Staring at Steven in confusion, Mark asked what was wrong.马克困惑地盯着斯蒂芬,问出了什么问题。
2.I think it's a serious mistake to confuse work with/and life.我认为混淆了工作和生活真是大错特错。
二. reflect v.显示,反映;反射(声、光、热等);表达;深思;映出(影像)
English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race.英语是人而不是电脑发明的,它显示了人类的创造力。
用法归纳
①reflect on/upon sth.沉思/反省某事
②be reflected in ... 被映照在……;被反映在……
情景助记
reflect的不同词义
词汇拓展
①reflection n.反映,表达;映像;思考;反省
on/upon reflection经过认真思考
On/Upon reflection, we decided to change our original plan at last.
经过考虑后,我们最终决定改变我们最开始的计划。
②reflective adj.反射的,(指物体表面)反光的;反映的;深思的
1.The trees along the lake are reflected in the water.湖边的树倒映在水中。
2.Faced with the global environmental challenge, we must deeply reflect on/upon our relationship with nature.面对全球环境挑战,我们必须深刻反思我们与大自然的关系。
三. come across偶然发现,偶然遇见
When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words.当你打开一本词典时,你经常会碰到许多不熟悉的词。
用法归纳
come across还有“ 给人以……印象 ; 被理解 ”的意思。
词汇拓展
含有come的其他常用短语:
①come about 发生
②come from 来自;出生于
③come out出现,露出;开花;出版,发表
④come through 安然渡过(难关等)
⑤come true实现
⑥come up with(尤指面对压力、挑战时)提出,想出
1.I came across an old friend in the street yesterday. He said his new book would come out next month. We also talked about the accident that came about that day. The driver came from a poor family. We only hoped that the driver could come through it.昨天我在街上偶遇一位老朋友。他说他的新书会在下个月出版。我们还谈到了那天发生的事故。那名司机来自一个贫穷的家庭。我们只希望司机能安然度过。
2.He spoke for a long time but his meaning didn't really come across.他讲了很久,但并没有人真正理解他的意思。
3.He comes across as a very intelligent, sensitive man.他给人的印象是非常聪明且体贴。
四. contact v.&n.联系,联络
...a friend that you contact by writing, traditionally using a pen...……一位你通过写信联系的朋友,传统上是用笔……
用法归纳
①contact sb.联系某人
②keep/stay in contact with...与……保持联系
③be in contact with...与……有联络;接触……
④get in contact with...与……取得联系
⑤make contact with ...与……联系
⑥lose contact with ...与……失去联系
1.I'd hate to lose contact with my old school friends.我不愿和我的老同学们失去联系。
2.Have you kept in contact with any of your friends from college 你和你大学里的任何一个朋友还保持联系吗
3.Children should know how to get in contact with their parents when they lose their way.孩子们在迷路时应该知道如何与家长取得联系。
4.According to a recent survey, people living in cities seldom make contact with their neighbours.根据最近的一项调查,生活在城市里的人很少与他们的邻居们联系。
五. likely adj.可能的,可能发生的
用法归纳
①sb./sth.+be likely to do sth. 某人/某物有可能做某事
② It is likely that... (很)有可能……
易混辨析
likely 常指从表面迹象来判断有可能。主语可以是人,常用句式“sb./sth.+ be likely to do sth.”和“It is likely that...”
possible 可能性最小,指客观上可能,往往含有“希望很小”的意味。主语一般不能是人,常用句式“It is possible for sb. to do sth.”或“It is possible that...”
probable 可能性最大,表示“很可能,十有八九”。不能用人或不定式作主语,常用句式为“It is probable that...”
1.It is possible/probable that the cost will be greater than we think.花费可能比我们预想的更大。
2.Would it be possible for me to talk to you in person about that 我可以亲自和您谈谈那件事吗
3.You are likely to fall behind in your studies if you don't study hard.
→ It is likely that you will fall behind in your studies if you don't study hard.如果你不努力学习,你就很有可能在功课上落后。
六. remind v.提醒,使……想起
Here are some of our favourites, to remind us that... 这里有一些我们最喜欢的(帖子),来提醒我们……
用法归纳
①remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事
②remind sb. of /about sth.使某人想起某事
③remind sb. about sth./that...提醒某人……
词汇拓展
reminder n.引起回忆的事物;提醒人的事物;通知单
1.This old song reminds me of the past happy days that we spent together.这首老歌让我想起了过去我们一起度过的快乐时光。
2.We must keep reminding ourselves about the importance of saving water.我们必须不断提醒自己节约用水的重要性。
3.I do hope my story can remind you to treasure time and make full use of it to improve yourselves.我真的希望我的故事能提醒你们珍惜时间,充分利用它来提升你们自己。
七. intend v.计划,打算
morally wrong and intending to hurt people从道德上讲是错的,而且目的是伤害人们
用法归纳
①intend doing/to do sth.打算/想要做某事
②intend sb. to do sth.打算让某人做某事
③ had intended to do...=intended to have done... 原本打算做……
词汇拓展
①intended adj.计划中的,预期的
be intended for... 为……打算(或设计)的
be intended to do sth.打算做某事;旨在做某事
②intention n.打算,计划,意图
with the intention of... 打算……
1.I am writing to tell you that we intend celebrating/to celebrate the fifth anniversary of our English Club and I sincerely invite you to attend.我写信是要告诉您,我们打算庆祝我们英语俱乐部成立五周年并且我诚挚地邀请您参加。
2.His father intended him to study medicine but he decided to join the army.他父亲打算让他学医,但他决定参军。
3.I had intended to visit you last night, but it rained.
→I intended to have visited you last night, but it rained.昨晚我原本打算去拜访你的,可是下起了雨。
4.All the activities are intended to raise our awareness of protecting traditional Chinese culture.所有这些活动都旨在提高我们保护中国传统文化的意识。
八. recognise v.认识,辨认出;意识到;承认;认可
recognise differences between American English and British English识别出美式英语和英式英语的区别
用法归纳
①recognise sb./sth. by / from ... 通过……认出/识别出某人/某物
②be recognised as/to be ... 被公认是……
③ It is (widely) recognised that... 人们(普遍)认为……
④recognise+that/how/wh-从句 承认/意识到……
词汇拓展
recognition n.识别;认可;承认;赞赏;表彰
change beyond/out of (all) recognition变得面目全非;沧海桑田
in recognition of...以表彰……
1.Even before he came in, I recognised him by/from the sound of his footsteps.甚至在他进来之前,我就通过他的脚步声认出了他。
2.The village is now recognised as/to be one of the most beautiful tourism villages in Shanxi.这个村庄现在被公认是山西最美丽的旅游村庄之一。
3.It is widely recognised that drug abuse will cause a huge loss of both health and wealth.人们普遍认为,滥用毒品将造成巨大的健康和财富损失。
九. base v.以……为基础;把基地设于 n.根据;基础;基地
write a story based on given pictures根据所给图片写一则故事
用法归纳
①base... on/upon ... 把……置于……基础之上(其被动形式为be based on/upon...)
②base... in ... 以……为据点;把…… (的总部等)设在……
词汇拓展
①basis n.基础,依据
on the basis of...以……为基础/依据
②basic adj.基本的;基础的;必不可少的
③basically adv.基本上;从根本上说
1.You should base your conclusion on/upon careful research instead of personal experience.你的结论应该基于仔细的研究,而不是个人经验。
2.They decided to base their new company in Jinan.他们决定将新成立的公司总部设在济南。
十. aware adj.意识到的,明白的
be aware of cultural differences意识到文化差异
用法归纳
①be/become aware of /that... 知道/明白/意识到……
②so/as far as I am aware 据我所知
③make sb. aware of... 让某人意识到……
词汇拓展
①awareness n.意识;知道;兴趣
develop/raise/increase one's awareness of... 培养/提高/增强某人对……的意识
②unaware adj.未意识到的,不知道的
be unaware of/that... 没有意识到……
1.Bill became aware that he was still holding his glass in his hand.比尔意识到他手里还握着杯子。
2.As far as I'm aware, you are a fan of Chinese culture.据我所知,你是中国文化的粉丝。
3.Only when you are aware of the value of time can you make better use of it.只有当你意识到时间的价值时,你才能更好地利用它。
十一. neither...nor... 既不……也不……
Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. Pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)也没有apple(苹果)。
用法归纳
①neither...nor...常连接两个并列的成分,当连接两个主语时,谓语动词的人称和数遵循
“ 就近 原则”,即谓语动词与 nor 后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。用法类似的
结构还有either...or...、not only...but (also)...、not...but...等。
②neither...nor...连接两个并列分句,且neither和nor都位于分句 句首 时,两个分句通常用部分倒装结构。
结构拓展
①neither可以用作代词,单独作主语,表示“两者都不”。
②表示“一个人没有做某事,另一个人也没做同一类事”时,可用neither或nor引起的倒装句进行简略回答,其结构为:Neither/Nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词be+主语。
1.They didn't go to the park yesterday. Neither/ Nor did we.昨天他们没去公园,我们也没去。
2.David and Jim had been quarrelling for a long time, and neither of them backed down.戴维和吉姆已经吵了好长时间,两个人都不肯认输。
3.Neither he nor I am satisfied with your answer.我和他都对你的回答不满意。
4.Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory.理论没有实践不行,实践没有理论也不行。
5.Though having worked for more than three hours, she was neither tired nor hungry.
尽管已经工作了三个多小时,但她既不累也不饿。
十二. that is why...那就是为什么……,那就是……的原因
That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.那就是为什么星星out(出现)时是看得见的,但灯out(熄灭)了是看不见的。
用法归纳
①This/That is/was why... 这/那就是……的原因,why引导表语从句,其引导的内容表示
结果 。
②This/That is/was because... 这/那是因 为……,because引导表语从句,其引导的内容表示 原因 。
③The reason why... is/was that...……的 原因是……,why引导定语从句并在从句中作状语;that引导表语从句,其引导的内容表示 原因 。
He fell from a tall tree. That was why he hurt his leg.
→He hurt his leg. That was because he fell from a tall tree.
→The reason why he hurt his leg was that he fell from a tall tree.
他从一棵很高的树上摔下来。那就是他弄伤腿的原因。
一、单句语法填空，用所给单词或适当单词的正确形式填空。
1.Neither my parents nor my younger sister _____(be) at home today.
2.You should reflect _____ this problem carefully before you make a decision.
3.Fred didn't have any money, so he decided to look ______ a job to support himself.
4.He's more a talker than a doer. That is _____ he never finishes anything.
5.I'm sure you'll have no trouble ______( find) the mistakes in your composition.
6.I wonder whether you have asked ______( you) what you really want.
7.It is well-known that the UN is short ______ the United Nations.
8.I know nothing about the incident so I refuse to comment ______ it.
9.We all want to know what ______( actual) happened last night.
10.The beautiful song you sang just now reminded me _____ my childhood.
1. is 2. on 3. for 4. why 5. finding 6. yourself 7. for 8. on 9. actually 10. of/ about
二、语段填词。用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.The leader of the_______ is a highly _______ person and we all like the activities that he _______ every week. All of us think him a excellent_______(organise).
2.They ______ me by asking so many questions. I was totally ______, standing there in ______ ,not knowing what to do. (confuse)
3.The child ______ so well in class that the teacher praised his good _______ in front of his classmates. ( behave )
4.You should know that hard work can ______ wealth because you are the ______ of your own life, but the ______ of people also needs a _______ mind. (create)
5.Some people are ______ of the importance of preserving wild animals. But we still try to raise the _______ of the whole society. (aware)
6.He had changed so much that I didn't ______ him at first. As a matter of fact, illness and age changed him beyond_______ ( recognise)
7._______ ,his income only meets expenses. So he only chooses a simple lifestyle ______ on his limited salary. (base)
1. organisation; organised; organises; organiser2. confused; confusing ; confused ; confusion
3. behaved; behavior4. create; creator; creativity; creative5. unaware; awareness6. recognise; recognition
7. Basically; basic; based
三、根据所给的汉语用英语完成句子
1._______________ anything about it.他父母和他对它都毫无所知。
2.His bike was broken and ___________ he was late for school yesterday.昨天他的自行车坏了,那就是他迟到的原因。
3.Do you ___________ the work on time 你按时完成这项工作有困难吗
4.You should answer for ____________ just now.你应该对刚才你所说的话负责。
5.She _____________ the breaststroke every day她每天花两小时练习蛙泳。
1. Neither his parents nor he knows
2. that is why
3. have trouble/ difficulty/ problems finishing
4. what you said
5. spends two hours practising
四、语法填空：
Have you ever asked 1________ (you) why people often have trouble 2 _______(study) English I hadn't, until one day my five-year-old son 3_______(ask) me whether there was ham in a hamburger. This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language 4_______ ( learn):For example , 5_____ our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting, but we take a photo. While we 're doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, 6_______ we don't get homesick when we get back home. And speaking of home, why aren't homework housework the same thing Even the smallest of words can be 7_______ (confuse). When you see the capitalized "WHO" in a medical report, do you read it as the "who" in " Who's that What about "IT" and "US" English 8_______(invent) by people, not computers, and it reflects the 9_______(creative) of the human race. That is 10______ when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.
1. yourself 2. studying 3. asked 4. to learn 5. In 6. but 7. confusing 8. was invented 9. creativity 10. why
一.阅读理解
A
As you already know, living in China requires that you should know some basic Mandarin(普通话). It doesn't even matter whether you are interested in learning a new language or not. From calling a taxi to ordering food, asking for directions, and reading addresses, Chinese is needed. To help more expats in China learn this “mysterious language” called Chinese, I have come up with the following five best online platforms or websites to learn Chinese.
Memrise
It offers different courses and some e learning tools to teach different languages like Mandarin, French, and English. The learning process is easy and well prepared to suit almost anyone. It facilitates(促进) learning by using the question and multiple answers method along with crowdsourcing materials and flashcards that help the memory process.
Digital Dialects
Do you want to have fun while learning a new language Then Digital Dialects can be what you have been seeking. This website has more than 80 different languages to choose from. In case one language becomes boring, you can try another one. It is free to use games for learning more than 80 languages, which is the feature of the website. Within are games for learning phrases, vocabulary, spelling, verb conjugation(动词的词形变化) and alphabets.
Chinese
If you don't want to focus only on learning Chinese but all aspects of China, this website is suitable for you. On this site, you are sure to find everything about modern and traditional China, Chinese learning materials, tools and resources, and language exchange clubs.
Zhongwen.com
Just as the name implies, this website is no friend of time wasting or long grammar. Just the login page alone is filled with characters. It's basically for people with more than basic knowledge of Chinese. You won't be wrong to regard it as Mandarin Wikipedia.
Learn to Speak Chinese
This was exactly the website I started learning my Chinese from. The site is owned by CCTV. This assures you that the teaching materials are standard and updated. Most of the teaching is through videos. You will be motivated by seeing foreigners speaking fluent Chinese in the videos.
1.What can we learn about the website Memrise
A.It owns a limited range of target users.
B.Various learning methods are available.
C.The learning process is more than complicated.
D.Courses are offered in only Chinese and English.
2.What is the special feature of Digital Dialects
A.The boring learning process. B.The cultural knowledge of China.
C.The learning games free of charge. D.The courses in 80 different languages.
3.If you want to get the whole picture of China, which of the following is highly recommended
A.Digital Dialects. B.Chinese .
C.Zhongwen.com. D.Learn to Speak Chinese.
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了几个学习中文的网站,它们可以帮助在中国居住的外国人学习汉语、了解中国文化。
1.B 推理判断题。由题干关键信息Memrise定位到文章第二段,由第二段中的最后一句可知,它通过使用一个问题和多种答案的方法以及众包帮助记忆的材料和抽认卡来促进学习。由此得出,在该网站中,学习的方法多种多样。故选B。A项“它的目标用户范围有限”与第二段中的“suit almost anyone”矛盾;C项“学习过程非常复杂”与第二段中的“The learning process is easy”矛盾;D项“只提供中文和英文课程”与第二段中的“teach different languages like Mandarin, French, and English”矛盾。
2.C 细节理解题。由题干关键信息Digital Dialects定位到文章第三段,由第三段中的倒数第二句可知,在该网站中,使用者可以免费利用游戏来学习语言,这是这个网站的特色。故选C。
易错归因 本题容易误选D项,该网站的特色是通过免费的游戏来学习80多种语言,D项的80门语言的课程在数量上与正文产生了偏差(80与80多)。
B 细节理解题。由第四段中的“If you don't want to focus only on learning Chinese but all aspects of China, this website is suitable for you.”可知,Chinese 这个网站可以帮助人们全面了解中国。故选B
【高频词汇】 1.come up with提出,想出 2.platform n.平台;站台;讲台 3.in case万一,如果 4.feature n.特色;特点;特写 v.以……为特色;起重要作用 5.focus on集中精力于 6.aspect n.方面 7.suitable adj.合适的 8.resource n.资源 9.update v.更新 10.fluent adj.流利的
【差距词汇】 1.expat n.侨民 2.multiple adj.多种多样的
3.alphabet n.字母表 4.assure v.向……保证
长难句
原句 It facilitates learning by using the question and multiple answers method along with crowdsourcing materials and flashcards that help the memory process.
分析 本句的主干是It facilitates learning。by using...为介词短语作方式状语;在方式状语中,that为关系代词,引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词materials and flashcards。
译文 它通过使用一个问题和多种答案的方法以及众包帮助记忆过程的材料和抽认卡来促进学习。
B
Elements of Latin have made their way into many Western countries. Data varies, but as many as 70% of words in English have a Latin or Greek root.
By learning more about these roots and how they combine with other parts to create words, you will have an
advantage in understanding new words, even if you've never seen them before.
The great thing is that it's not hard to learn these roots and recognise the patterns. You're not learning the whole language with its grammar and difficult points. You just need to memorise some parts of the vocabulary that you often see in English.
So how do word roots work
Every word has a root. This part contains the key to a word's meaning. Take the word “happy” for example. This word only contains the root, which means “full of joy”. There's nothing more to the meaning of the word in this form.
Some words, however, have extra parts. We call these affixes(词缀), including prefixes, the part attached before the root, and suffixes, the part attached behind the root. Based on the additional meaning of the prefix or suffix, the final word will be shaped to mean something new.
Take the word “autobiography” for example. The root is “bio”, meaning life. You may have noticed that many words with “bio” have something to do with life or living beings—biology, biography, and so on. When the suffix “graphy”, meaning writing, is added to it, it means a story about someone's life. “Auto” means by oneself. Altogether, an “autobiography” is a story about a person's life, written by the person himself or herself.
In a word, a better grasp of word roots and affixes can make you understand the English language better, and will help you with your vocabulary recognition and memory skills.
4.What's needed to understand new words
A.A good understanding of Latin or Greek.
B.A full understanding of grammar.
C.The ability to recognise different parts of words.
D.The ability to speak various Western languages.
5.What do we know about the root
A.It can't form a word by itself. B.It is a necessary part of a word.
C.It is of greater importance than affixes. D.It has no impact on a word's meaning.
6.What is the meaning of “biochemistry”
A.The science that is related to living things.
B.A person who does research on chemistry.
C.A person who does research on living things.
D.The study of chemical processes related to living things.
7.Which of the following is a suitable title for the passage
A.Secret of Understanding New Words B.Latin's Way into Western Languages
C.Amazing Power of Affixes D.Tips on Language Exams
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了了解英语词根和词缀在学习英语单词中的重要作用。
4.C 推理判断题。根据第五段和第六段可知有些词只含有词根,有些词还含有词缀(词缀包括前缀和后缀),再结合第七段中的具体例子可知,要想理解新单词我们需要识别单词的不同部分的能力。故选C。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Every word has a root.(每个单词都有词根。)”可知,词根是一个单词必不可少的一部分。故选B。
6.D 词义猜测题。根据第七段中的“The root is ‘bio’, meaning life. You may have noticed that many words with ‘bio’ have something to do with life or living beings”可知词根“bio”和生命或生物相关,由此可推知,“biochemistry”应当同时含有生物和化学的意思。故选D。
7.A 主旨大意题。根据文章结构:
第一段 主要介绍了百分之七十的英语单词有拉丁语或希腊语词根
第二、三段 主要介绍了词根的重要性和学习的难易度
第四、五、六、七段 主要介绍了词根和词缀如何起作用
第八段(总结) 掌握词根和词缀能更好地理解英语,有助于提升词汇识别能力和培养记忆技巧
可知全文主要介绍了如何通过词根和词缀来更有效地学习新单词。A项“理解新单词的秘诀”可以作为文章的最佳标题。故选A。
易错归因 本题易受文章第一段第一句的影响而误选B项,但第一段提到的“百分之七十的英语单词有拉丁语或希腊语词根”是为了引出下文的内容——词根,拉丁语不是文章主要谈论的对象。由此可排除B项。
【高频词汇】 1.vary v.各不相同;(使)变化
2.recognise v.识别 3.contain v.包含 4.attach v.附;贴;系 5.additional adj.附加的,额外的 6.in a word总而言之 7.various adj.各种各样的 8.have no impact on...对……没有影响 9.be related to...和……有关 10.process n.过程,进程 11.amazing adj.令人惊奇的
长难句
原句 By learning more about these roots and how they combine with other parts to create words, you will have an
advantage in understanding new words, even if you've never seen them before.
分析 本文是一个主从复合句。主句是you will...words;By learning more about these roots and how they combine with other parts to create words是介词短语作状语,其中how 引导介词about后的宾语从句;even if引导的是让步状语从句。
译文 通过更多地了解这些词根以及它们如何与其他部分结合在一起创造单词,你在理解新单词方面会有优势,即使你以前从未见过它们。
二.语法填空
China is 1 (wide) known for its ancient civilisation, which has continued all the way until now. One of the main 2 (factor) of this is the Chinese writing system.
Several thousand years ago, written Chinese was based 3 pictures. Ancient Chinese people carved symbols on animal bones and shells.
By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols 4 (become) a well developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as people lived in different places, 5 (lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters.
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. The writing system played 6 important part in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with 7 (it) past. People in modern times can read the classic works 8 (write) by Chinese in ancient times.
As China plays a greater role in 9 (globe) affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to learn Chinese 10 appreciate China's culture and history.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
1.widely 考查副词。be widely known for...因……而广为人知。句意:中国因其古老的文明而广为人知,这种古老的文明一直延续到现在。
2.factors 考查名词的数。one of后接可数名词复数。故填factors。句意:这其中的一个主要因素就是汉语书写体系。
3.on 考查介词。be based on...以……为基础,故填介词on。
4.had become 考查动词的时态。由时间状语By the Shang Dynasty可知,此处指在过去某一时间之前完成的动作,故用过去完成时。句意:到了商朝,这些符号已经成为一套成熟的书写体系。
5.leading 考查现在分词。分析句子结构,设空处前面的主句和从句已有谓语动词,且设空处前面只有逗号,没有连词,故推测设空处应填非谓语动词。设空处前面表示“由于人们生活在不同的地方”,后面表示“产生了许多种方言和文字”,所以设空处表示自然而然的结果,应用现在分词。
6.an 考查冠词。play an important part in...在……中起重要的作用。important的发音以元音音素开头,故填不定冠词an。句意:这一书写体系对中国人民与中华文化的统一起到了重要作用。
7.its 考查代词。这里指“中国的现在和它的过去被连接起来”,应用形容词性物主代词its。
8.written 考查过去分词。这里指“由古代中国人写的经典作品”,设空处作后置定语修饰名词短语the classic works,且the classic works与write之间为被动关系,故填过去分词written。
9.global 考查形容词。设空处作定语,修饰复数名词affairs,故填形容词global,global affairs表示“全球事务”。
10.and 考查连词。这里指“越来越多的国际学生开始学习汉语并欣赏中国的文化和历史”,故填连词and。Unit 2 Exploring English（课内知识预习）
一．单词学习
词汇 释义 用法&拓展
behavior n.举止,行为 good/bad behavior 良好/恶劣行为
v.表现;表现得体,有礼貌 behave well/badly towards sb.对待某人好/差 behave oneself 守规矩;表现得体
burn up 烧毁,烧尽;消耗,耗费 He all the old letters.他烧毁了过去的全部信件。 Which burns up more calories—swimming or cycling 游泳和骑自行车,哪种运动消耗热量更多
burn down (被)烧毁 通常是指建筑物被完全烧塌; 也有“烧毁,烧掉”之意,但一般不是指建筑物。 The school building was burned down in that big fire. 在那场大火中,学校大楼被烧毁。
alarm n.警报器;闹钟;恐慌;警报v.使惊恐,使害怕 alarm 惊恐地(常作状语) raise/sound the alarm 发出警报 an alarm clock 闹钟
creativity n.创造性,创造力 v.创造 adj.创造(性)的,创新性的 n.创造者,创作者 n.创造;创作
wind up 给(机械)上发条 摇上(车窗等) 使(活动、会议等)结束 Tom was late this morning because he forgot to the clock.汤姆今天早上迟到了,因为他忘了给钟上发条了。 They drove along with all the car windows . 他们摇上全部车窗,驱车前进。 If we all agree, let's the discussion.如果我们大家都同意,那就让我们结束讨论吧。
unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的,不了解的 be unfamiliar with 不熟悉/不通晓……
adj.熟悉的
addition n.增加物,添加物;增加,添加;加法 in addition此外(=besides/moreover/furthermore/what's more) in addition to 除……之外(还)
adj.附加的;额外的;外加的 adv.此外;另外
comment n.评论;意见 v.表达意见;评论 make comments on/about...就……作出评论 comment on/upon...就……发表评论 comment that...评论说……
二．课文精研读
原文呈现
Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple
1 Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning① English I hadn’t，until one day my five-year-old son asked me whether there was ham② in a hamburger【1】.There isn’t.This made me realize that there’s no egg in eggplant③ either.Neither is there pine④ nor apple in pineapple⑤【2】.This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn【3】.
2 For example，in our free time we can sculpt⑥ a sculpture and paint a painting，but we take a photo.And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi，but on the train or bus！While we’re doing all this traveling，we can get seasick⑦at sea，airsick in the air and carsick in a car，but we don’t get homesick when we get back home. And speaking of⑧ home，why aren’t homework and housework the same thing
3 If “hard” is the opposite⑨ of “soft”， why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair If harmless⑩ actions are the opposite of harmful actions，why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same
4 When we look out of the window and see rain or snow，we can say “it’s raining” or “it’s snowing”.But when we see sunshine，we can’t say “it’s sunshining”.
5 Even the smallest words can be confusing .When you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report，do you read it as the “who” in “Who’s that？”【4】What about “IT” and “US”？
6 You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down，in which you fill in a form by filling it out，and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off!
7 English was invented by people，not computers，and it reflects the creativity of the human race.That is why when the stars are out，they are visible，but when the lights are out，they are invisible【5】.And that is why when I wind up my watch，it starts，but when I wind up this passage，it ends.
课文语法填空
Have you ever asked 1. (you) why people often have trouble 2. (learn) English I hadn’t，until one day my five-year-old son asked me 3. there was ham in a hamburger or not.This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language 4. (learn).
Even the smallest of words can be 5. (confuse).You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in 6. a house can burn up as it burns down，and in which an alarm 7.is__heard (hear) once it goes off!
English 8. (invent) by people，not computers，and it reflects the creativity of the human race.That is why when the stars are out，they are visible，but when the 9. (light) are out，they are invisible.And that is why when I wind up my watch，it starts，10. when I wind up this passage，it ends.
原文呈现
Misadventures① in English
Last week，our forum asked if you had any funny or strange stories about using English【1】.We didn’t expect② to get so many posts! Here are some of our favourites③，to remind④ us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world!
366
325 comments⑤
share⑥
favourites
...
Yancy
People say that the British always play safe⑦ with what they eat.Not true! I went to a summer school in Manchester and my English teacher was called Maggie.One day，a different teacher took our class.He told us that Maggie couldn’t teach that day COZ she had a frog in her throat⑧.Poor⑨ Maggie—but why did she try to eat such a big frog
135 comments
Sophie
When I first visited New York，I went to a downtown shopping centre to buy some winter boots⑩.At the information desk at the entrance，I asked a lady where the shoe section was.She said that it was on the first floor.So I went up to the first floor，but couldn’t find any shoes.I decided to leave.When I was looking for the exit，I saw that shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor，not the first floor.Why did she give me the wrong information？X-(
128 comments
Julien
I’ve got an English penfriend，who I finally got to meet in London this summer.He had told me that his grandfather was “really wicked ”.But when I met his grandfather，I liked him a lot.I found it very odd.Why did my friend use a negative word about such a nice man？
63 comments
Zheng Xu
The British must have really high standards .I was part of a student exchange programme between a university in England and my university in China.I spent days preparing and writing my first English paper 【2】.I knew I had done a good job and was looking forward to getting a positive comment.When I got the paper back，I found my teacher had written the comment “Not bad ！” Not bad But there weren’t any errors in my paper.∶-(
85 comments
四．高频词汇句型精讲
1. confusing adj.令人困惑的;难以理解的
Even the smallest words can be confusing.即使是最短小的单词都能让人费解。
词汇拓展
① v.使困惑;(将……)混淆;使更难于理解
confuse sb.把某人弄糊涂
confuse A with/and B把A和B混淆
② adj.迷惑的;不知所措的
be confused about sth.对某事感到困惑
③ n.困惑;混乱;混淆
in confusion困惑地;迷茫地
1.Staring at Steven in , Mark asked what was wrong.马克困惑地盯着斯蒂芬,问出了什么问题。
2.I think it's a serious mistake to work with/and life.我认为混淆了工作和生活真是大错特错。
二. reflect v.显示,反映;反射(声、光、热等);表达;深思;映出(影像)
English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race.英语是人而不是电脑发明的,它显示了人类的创造力。
用法归纳
①reflect sth.沉思/反省某事
②be reflected ... 被映照在……;被反映在……
情景助记
reflect的不同词义
词汇拓展
① n.反映,表达;映像;思考;反省
on/upon reflection经过认真思考
On/Upon reflection, we decided to change our original plan at last.
经过考虑后,我们最终决定改变我们最开始的计划。
② adj.反射的,(指物体表面)反光的;反映的;深思的
1.The trees along the lake the water.湖边的树倒映在水中。
2.Faced with the global environmental challenge, we must deeply our relationship with nature.面对全球环境挑战,我们必须深刻反思我们与大自然的关系。
三. come across偶然发现,偶然遇见
When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words.当你打开一本词典时,你经常会碰到许多不熟悉的词。
用法归纳
come across还有“ ; ”的意思。
词汇拓展
含有come的其他常用短语:
①come 发生
②come 来自;出生于
③come 出现,露出;开花;出版,发表
④come 安然渡过(难关等)
⑤come 实现
⑥come (尤指面对压力、挑战时)提出,想出
1.I an old friend in the street yesterday. He said his new book would next month. We also talked about the accident that that day. The driver came from a poor family. We only hoped that the driver could come through it.昨天我在街上偶遇一位老朋友。他说他的新书会在下个月出版。我们还谈到了那天发生的事故。那名司机来自一个贫穷的家庭。我们只希望司机能安然度过。
2.He spoke for a long time but his meaning didn't really .他讲了很久,但并没有人真正理解他的意思。
3.He as a very intelligent, sensitive man.他给人的印象是非常聪明且体贴。
四. contact v.&n.联系,联络
...a friend that you contact by writing, traditionally using a pen...……一位你通过写信联系的朋友,传统上是用笔……
用法归纳
①contact sb.联系某人
②keep/stay i contact with...与……保持联系
③be in contact with...与……有联络;接触……
④get contact with...与……取得联系
⑤make contact ...与……联系
⑥lose contact ...与……失去联系
1.I'd hate to my old school friends.我不愿和我的老同学们失去联系。
2.Have you any of your friends from college 你和你大学里的任何一个朋友还保持联系吗
3.Children should know how to their parents when they lose their way.孩子们在迷路时应该知道如何与家长取得联系。
4.According to a recent survey, people living in cities seldom their neighbours.根据最近的一项调查,生活在城市里的人很少与他们的邻居们联系。
五. likely adj.可能的,可能发生的
用法归纳
①sb./sth.+be likely sth. 某人/某物有可能做某事
② is likely that... (很)有可能……
易混辨析
likely 常指从表面迹象来判断有可能。主语可以是人,常用句式“sb./sth.+ be likely to do sth.”和“It is likely that...”
possible 可能性最小,指客观上可能,往往含有“希望很小”的意味。主语一般不能是人,常用句式“It is possible for sb. to do sth.”或“It is possible that...”
probable 可能性最大,表示“很可能,十有八九”。不能用人或不定式作主语,常用句式为“It is probable that...”
1.It is that the cost will be greater than we think.花费可能比我们预想的更大。
2.Would it me to talk to you in person about that 我可以亲自和您谈谈那件事吗
3.You fall behind in your studies if you don't study hard.
→ It is likely that you will fall behind in your studies if you don't study hard.如果你不努力学习,你就很有可能在功课上落后。
六. remind v.提醒,使……想起
Here are some of our favourites, to remind us that... 这里有一些我们最喜欢的(帖子),来提醒我们……
用法归纳
①remind sb. sth.提醒某人做某事
②remind sb. sth.使某人想起某事
③remind sb. sth./that...提醒某人……
词汇拓展
reminder n.引起回忆的事物;提醒人的事物;通知单
1.This old song me the past happy days that we spent together.这首老歌让我想起了过去我们一起度过的快乐时光。
2.We must keep ourselves about the importance of saving water.我们必须不断提醒自己节约用水的重要性。
3.I do hope my story can you treasure time and make full use of it to improve yourselves.我真的希望我的故事能提醒你们珍惜时间,充分利用它来提升你们自己。
七. intend v.计划,打算
morally wrong and intending to hurt people从道德上讲是错的,而且目的是伤害人们
用法归纳
①intend sth.打算/想要做某事
②intend sb. sth.打算让某人做某事
③ to do...=intended to have done... 原本打算做……
词汇拓展
① adj.计划中的,预期的
be intended for... 为……打算(或设计)的
be intended to do sth.打算做某事;旨在做某事
② n.打算,计划,意图
with the intention of... 打算……
1.I am writing to tell you that we intend the fifth anniversary of our English Club and I sincerely invite you to attend.我写信是要告诉您,我们打算庆祝我们英语俱乐部成立五周年并且我诚挚地邀请您参加。
2.His father him to study medicine but he decided to join the army.他父亲打算让他学医,但他决定参军。
3.I had visit you last night, but it rained.
→I intended to have visited you last night, but it rained.昨晚我原本打算去拜访你的,可是下起了雨。
4.All the activities raise our awareness of protecting traditional Chinese culture.所有这些活动都旨在提高我们保护中国传统文化的意识。
八. recognise v.认识,辨认出;意识到;承认;认可
recognise differences between American English and British English识别出美式英语和英式英语的区别
用法归纳
①recognise sb./sth. ... 通过……认出/识别出某人/某物
②be recognised ... 被公认是……
③ is (widely) recognised that... 人们(普遍)认为……
④recognise+that/how/wh-从句 承认/意识到……
词汇拓展
n.识别;认可;承认;赞赏;表彰
change beyond/out of (all) recognition变得面目全非;沧海桑田
in recognition of...以表彰……
1.Even before he came in, I the sound of his footsteps.甚至在他进来之前,我就通过他的脚步声认出了他。
2.The village is now be one of the most beautiful tourism villages in Shanxi.这个村庄现在被公认是山西最美丽的旅游村庄之一。
3.It that drug abuse will cause a huge loss of both health and wealth.人们普遍认为,滥用毒品将造成巨大的健康和财富损失。
九. base v.以……为基础;把基地设于 n.根据;基础;基地
write a story based on given pictures根据所给图片写一则故事
用法归纳
①base... ... 把……置于……基础之上(其被动形式为be based on/upon...)
②base... ... 以……为据点;把…… (的总部等)设在……
词汇拓展
① n.基础,依据
on the basis of...以……为基础/依据
② adj.基本的;基础的;必不可少的
③ adv.基本上;从根本上说
1.You should your conclusion on/upon careful research instead of personal experience.你的结论应该基于仔细的研究,而不是个人经验。
2.They decided to their new company in Jinan.他们决定将新成立的公司总部设在济南。
十. aware adj.意识到的,明白的
be aware of cultural differences意识到文化差异
用法归纳
①be/become aware /that... 知道/明白/意识到……
②so/as far as I am aware
③make sb. aware of... 让某人意识到……
词汇拓展
① n.意识;知道;兴趣
develop/raise/increase one's awareness of... 培养/提高/增强某人对……的意识
② adj.未意识到的,不知道的
be unaware of/that... 没有意识到……
1.Bill became that he was still holding his glass in his hand.比尔意识到他手里还握着杯子。
2. , you are a fan of Chinese culture.据我所知,你是中国文化的粉丝。
3.Only when you the value of time can you make better use of it.只有当你意识到时间的价值时,你才能更好地利用它。
十一. neither...nor... 既不……也不……
Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. Pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)也没有apple(苹果)。
用法归纳
①neither...nor...常连接两个并列的成分,当连接两个主语时,谓语动词的人称和数遵循
“ 原则”,即谓语动词与 后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。用法类似的
结构还有either...or...、not only...but (also)...、not...but...等。
②neither...nor...连接两个并列分句,且neither和nor都位于分句 时,两个分句通常用部分倒装结构。
结构拓展
①neither可以用作代词,单独作主语,表示“两者都不”。
②表示“一个人没有做某事,另一个人也没做同一类事”时,可用neither或nor引起的倒装句进行简略回答,其结构为:Neither/Nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词be+主语。
1.They didn't go to the park yesterday. .昨天他们没去公园,我们也没去。
2.David and Jim had been quarrelling for a long time, and backed down.戴维和吉姆已经吵了好长时间,两个人都不肯认输。
3. satisfied with your answer.我和他都对你的回答不满意。
4. could theory do without practice, could practice do without theory.理论没有实践不行,实践没有理论也不行。
5.Though having worked for more than three hours, she was .
尽管已经工作了三个多小时,但她既不累也不饿。
十二. that is why...那就是为什么……,那就是……的原因
That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.那就是为什么星星out(出现)时是看得见的,但灯out(熄灭)了是看不见的。
用法归纳
①This/That is/was why... 这/那就是……的原因,why引导表语从句,其引导的内容表示
。
②This/That is/was because... 这/那是因 为……,because引导表语从句,其引导的内容表示 。
③The reason why... is/was that...……的 原因是……,why引导定语从句并在从句中作状语;that引导表语从句,其引导的内容表示 。
He fell from a tall tree. That was why he hurt his leg.
→He hurt his leg. That was he fell from a tall tree.
→The reason he hurt his leg was that he fell from a tall tree.
他从一棵很高的树上摔下来。那就是他弄伤腿的原因。
一、单句语法填空，用所给单词或适当单词的正确形式填空。
1.Neither my parents nor my younger sister _____(be) at home today.
2.You should reflect _____ this problem carefully before you make a decision.
3.Fred didn't have any money, so he decided to look ______ a job to support himself.
4.He's more a talker than a doer. That is _____ he never finishes anything.
5.I'm sure you'll have no trouble ______( find) the mistakes in your composition.
6.I wonder whether you have asked ______( you) what you really want.
7.It is well-known that the UN is short ______ the United Nations.
8.I know nothing about the incident so I refuse to comment ______ it.
9.We all want to know what ______( actual) happened last night.
10.The beautiful song you sang just now reminded me _____ my childhood.
二、语段填词。用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.The leader of the_______ is a highly _______ person and we all like the activities that he _______ every week. All of us think him a excellent_______(organise).
2.They ______ me by asking so many questions. I was totally ______, standing there in ______ ,not knowing what to do. (confuse)
3.The child ______ so well in class that the teacher praised his good _______ in front of his classmates. ( behave )
4.You should know that hard work can ______ wealth because you are the ______ of your own life, but the ______ of people also needs a _______ mind. (create)
5.Some people are ______ of the importance of preserving wild animals. But we still try to raise the _______ of the whole society. (aware)
6.He had changed so much that I didn't ______ him at first. As a matter of fact, illness and age changed him beyond_______ ( recognise)
7._______ ,his income only meets expenses. So he only chooses a simple lifestyle ______ on his limited salary. (base)
三、根据所给的汉语用英语完成句子
1._______________ anything about it.他父母和他对它都毫无所知。
2.His bike was broken and ___________ he was late for school yesterday.昨天他的自行车坏了,那就是他迟到的原因。
3.Do you ___________ the work on time 你按时完成这项工作有困难吗
4.You should answer for ____________ just now.你应该对刚才你所说的话负责。
5.She _____________ the breaststroke every day她每天花两小时练习蛙泳。
四、语法填空：
Have you ever asked 1________ (you) why people often have trouble 2 _______(study) English I hadn't, until one day my five-year-old son 3_______(ask) me whether there was ham in a hamburger. This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language 4_______ ( learn):For example , 5_____ our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting, but we take a photo. While we 're doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, 6_______ we don't get homesick when we get back home. And speaking of home, why aren't homework housework the same thing Even the smallest of words can be 7_______ (confuse). When you see the capitalized "WHO" in a medical report, do you read it as the "who" in " Who's that What about "IT" and "US" English 8_______(invent) by people, not computers, and it reflects the 9_______(creative) of the human race. That is 10______ when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.
一.阅读理解
A
As you already know, living in China requires that you should know some basic Mandarin(普通话). It doesn't even matter whether you are interested in learning a new language or not. From calling a taxi to ordering food, asking for directions, and reading addresses, Chinese is needed. To help more expats in China learn this “mysterious language” called Chinese, I have come up with the following five best online platforms or websites to learn Chinese.
Memrise
It offers different courses and some e learning tools to teach different languages like Mandarin, French, and English. The learning process is easy and well prepared to suit almost anyone. It facilitates(促进) learning by using the question and multiple answers method along with crowdsourcing materials and flashcards that help the memory process.
Digital Dialects
Do you want to have fun while learning a new language Then Digital Dialects can be what you have been seeking. This website has more than 80 different languages to choose from. In case one language becomes boring, you can try another one. It is free to use games for learning more than 80 languages, which is the feature of the website. Within are games for learning phrases, vocabulary, spelling, verb conjugation(动词的词形变化) and alphabets.
Chinese
If you don't want to focus only on learning Chinese but all aspects of China, this website is suitable for you. On this site, you are sure to find everything about modern and traditional China, Chinese learning materials, tools and resources, and language exchange clubs.
Zhongwen.com
Just as the name implies, this website is no friend of time wasting or long grammar. Just the login page alone is filled with characters. It's basically for people with more than basic knowledge of Chinese. You won't be wrong to regard it as Mandarin Wikipedia.
Learn to Speak Chinese
This was exactly the website I started learning my Chinese from. The site is owned by CCTV. This assures
you that the teaching materials are standard and updated. Most of the teaching is through videos. You will be motivated by seeing foreigners speaking fluent Chinese in the videos.
1.What can we learn about the website Memrise
A.It owns a limited range of target users.
B.Various learning methods are available.
C.The learning process is more than complicated.
D.Courses are offered in only Chinese and English.
2.What is the special feature of Digital Dialects
A.The boring learning process. B.The cultural knowledge of China.
C.The learning games free of charge. D.The courses in 80 different languages.
3.If you want to get the whole picture of China, which of the following is highly recommended
A.Digital Dialects. B.Chinese .
C.Zhongwen.com. D.Learn to Speak Chinese.
B
Elements of Latin have made their way into many Western countries. Data varies, but as many as 70% of words in English have a Latin or Greek root.
By learning more about these roots and how they combine with other parts to create words, you will have an advantage in understanding new words, even if you've never seen them before.
The great thing is that it's not hard to learn these roots and recognise the patterns. You're not learning the whole language with its grammar and difficult points. You just need to memorise some parts of the vocabulary that you often see in English.
So how do word roots work
Every word has a root. This part contains the key to a word's meaning. Take the word “happy” for example. This word only contains the root, which means “full of joy”. There's nothing more to the meaning of the word in this form.
Some words, however, have extra parts. We call these affixes(词缀), including prefixes, the part attached before the root, and suffixes, the part attached behind the root. Based on the additional meaning of the prefix or suffix, the final word will be shaped to mean something new.
Take the word “autobiography” for example. The root is “bio”, meaning life. You may have noticed that many words with “bio” have something to do with life or living beings—biology, biography, and so on. When the suffix “graphy”, meaning writing, is added to it, it means a story about someone's life. “Auto” means by oneself. Altogether, an “autobiography” is a story about a person's life, written by the person himself or herself.
In a word, a better grasp of word roots and affixes can make you understand the English language better, and will help you with your vocabulary recognition and memory skills.
4.What's needed to understand new words
A.A good understanding of Latin or Greek.
B.A full understanding of grammar.
C.The ability to recognise different parts of words.
D.The ability to speak various Western languages.
5.What do we know about the root
A.It can't form a word by itself. B.It is a necessary part of a word.
C.It is of greater importance than affixes. D.It has no impact on a word's meaning.
6.What is the meaning of “biochemistry”
A.The science that is related to living things.
B.A person who does research on chemistry.
C.A person who does research on living things.
D.The study of chemical processes related to living things.
7.Which of the following is a suitable title for the passage
A.Secret of Understanding New Words B.Latin's Way into Western Languages
C.Amazing Power of Affixes D.Tips on Language Exams
二.语法填空
China is 1 (wide) known for its ancient civilisation, which has continued all the way until now. One of the main 2 (factor) of this is the Chinese writing system.
Several thousand years ago, written Chinese was based 3 pictures. Ancient Chinese people carved symbols on animal bones and shells.
By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols 4 (become) a well developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as people lived in different places, 5 (lead) to many varieties of dialects
and characters.
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. The writing system played 6 important part in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with 7 (it) past. People in modern times can read the classic works 8 (write) by Chinese in ancient times.
As China plays a greater role in 9 (globe) affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to learn Chinese 10 appreciate China's culture and history.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
