（人教新课标）五年级数学教案 下册因数和倍数
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| 名称 | （人教新课标）五年级数学教案 下册因数和倍数 |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
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| 科目 | 数学 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2009-08-26 00:00:00 | ||
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高考资源网（ www.），您身边的高考专家
Module 7
Unit 4 Public transport
新课标单词
underground n. 地铁
commonly adv. 一般地，通常地
distinction n. 声誉，名声，区别，差别
distant adj. 远的，遥远的
historic adj. 有历史意义的，历史上著名的
transport vt. & n. 运输，运送，输送，搬运
vehicle n. 车辆，交通工具
shuttle n. 短程往返运行的公共汽车（或火车等）；梭，梭子；航天飞机
beneath prep. & adv. 在……之下
comparatively adv. 比较而言，相对地
narrow adj. 窄的，狭窄的；狭隘的
middle n. 中间，中部
advanced adj. 高级的，先进的
accelerate vt. 加速，促进
pace n. 步伐，速度
inconvenient adj. 不方便的，不便利的
separately adv. 分别地，单独地，各自地
acquisition n. (尤指通过努力)取得，获得；学到
expansion n. 扩充，扩展，扩大，发展
connection n. 连接；连接物；联系；关系
function vi. 起作用；工作，活动，运转
anniversary n. 周年纪念；周年纪念日
effectively adv. 有效地
permit vt. & vi. 允许，准许，许可 n. 许可证；执照；通行证
sightseeing n. 观光，游览
horrible adj. 可怕的，恐怖的；极其讨厌的，让人非常难受的，特别糟糕的
discount n. 折扣，打折
official n. 官员
increase n. 增加，增长
cycle vi. 骑自行车
aim vi. 目的是，打算；瞄准，对准 vt.将……瞄准，将……指向 n.目标，目的
confuse vt. 使糊涂，使困惑；使混乱；混淆
tire vt. 使厌倦，使厌烦；使疲劳
annoy vt. 使恼怒，使生气，使烦恼；打搅，干扰，骚扰
undertake vt. 承担，担任；着手做，开始进行，从事
sacrifice vt. 牺牲，奉献
beyond prep. 在先之外，超出
modest adj. 适度的，适中的，不过分的；谦虚的，谦让的
postpone vt. 推迟，延迟，使延期
speed vt. & vi. 加速
timetable n. 时间表
departure n. 离开，启程，出发
repair n. 修理，修补
punctual adj. 准时的，准点的；守时的
reliable adj. 可靠的，可信赖的
arise vi. 发生，产生，形成；起立，起身；起床；起义
extreme adj. 极端的，极度的
cause n. 原因，起因；事业
pedestrian n. 行人，步行者
lorry n. 卡车
surrounding adj. 周围的；环绕的 n. 周围环境
signal vi. 发信号
impatient adj. 不耐烦的，没耐心的，急不可耐的
aggressive adj. 好斗的，侵略性的，咄咄逼人的
fine vt. 罚……的款，处……以罚金 n. 罚金，罚款
concentration n. 专心，专注；集中
irresponsible adj. 不负责任的
assumption n. 假定，臆想
overload vt. 使超载，使过载
unsteady adj. 不稳定的，摇摆的，摇晃
invitation n. 诱因；邀请；请帖
incorrectly adv. 不正确地，错误地
orderly adj. 有秩序的，秩序井然的，有条理的
课文出现短语
1. pick up
2. cause damage to
3. beneath the surface
4. far from
5. in use
6. why not do
7. go sightseeing
8. in the hope of
9. speed up
10. under repair
11. protect sb from danger
12. pay attention to
13. risk your life
14. avoid causing accidents
15. a couple of
16. drop off
17. choke off traffic
18. link up
19. set up
20. function as
21. permit sb to do
22. at a discount
23. make better use of
24. wash away
25. arise from
26. be aimed at
27. lead to crashes
28. watch out for
29. in need of
30. be up to sb
31. as it is known
32. lead to
33. accelerate the pace
34. be responsible for
35. in honor for
36. a place of interest
37. be made up of
38. make up for
39. cause deaths and injuries
40. traffic jam
41. be aware of
42. be fined for
43. be likely to
44. in good condition
一．单词应用
根据单词的首字母或汉语意思填写正确单词，注意形式变化。
1. Up to now, many people have agreed that t____________ is an important part of our lives.
2. In the 19th century, s___________ trains helped people travel all over the world.
3. In the past, many old men don’t believe buses can carry people o_____________ long distance.
4. If you go to Britain, you will see the sign at the station, “welcome to the London u____________”.
5. Most trains went to the distant b___________ of the city in the northern part of the country.
6. Cars on the road can c___________ off traffic, so some experts don’t agree car’s mass production.
7. The first tunnels were just b______________ the surface of the ground.
8. Sometimes, traveling on these lines was very i______________. So you had better go by car.
9. Many caves in the mountains f____________ as bomb shelters during war times.
10. Some experts in this field think this helps make the system more u______________.
11.It is reported that the train lines were placed under the ___________（权力机构） of the Board.
12.It was interesting to know about the London ______________（地铁） developed.
13.The city has good air ____________（连接） with most large cities on the Chinese mainland.
14.The storms ______________(冲走) away soil along the road last night, which made children frightened
15.The deaths __________（发生，形成） from those accidents has increased in the past ten years.
16.We must all be ___________（意识到） of the potential causes of traffic accidents and act to prevent them.
17.You are ___________（违反） the law and risking your own life as well as the lives of others.
18.It is ___________（由…决定） to all of us road users to make sure that we must avoid accident.
19.Many ___________（骑车的人） do not pay attention to the cars around them. so it can lead to accidents.
20.We must pay attention to road __________（安全）. Only in this way can we keep us safe.
二.词型转换
1、comparative adj.--- ______(n.) 2、effectively adv. --- ______(n.)
3、patient adj.--- ______(n.) ______(反) 4、concentration n.--- ________(v.)
5、steady adj.--- _________(adv.) 6、invite v.--- _______(n.)_______(adj.)
7、aware adj.--- ________(n.)_______(反) 8.expect v.--- _________(adj.)_______(n.)
9、permit v.--- _______(n.允许) 10、fortune n.--- ________(adj.)
11. connect (vt.) _________(n. ) 12. responsible (adj.) ________ (opp.)
13. rely (vi.)__________ (adj.) 14.distant (adj.) ____________ (n.)
15. expansion (n.)_________ (vt.) 16. convenient (adj.) _________ (n.)
17. separate (adj./vt) ___________ (adv.)
三．选词填空
Lead to , in addition to , cause trouble , at a discount, get off, arise fromchock off, responsible for. in honour of, make up for, aim at speed up in the hope that , make better use of
1. __________ English, he has to study French.
2. where does this path ________
3. I’m afraid that boy is ____________.
4. She kept talking and nobody could _________.
5. Heavy rains were _________ storage of vegetables.
6. I have cooked a special meal________ our visitors.
7. I bought a ticket _______ and rode the underground four times.
8. I thought I could have a relaxing weekend to _________ all my hard work.
9. They _________ immediately after lunch.
10. This notice is ________ increasing people’s awareness of the problem.
11. Can we begin by discussing matters ____________ the last meeting
12. We’d better __________ if we want to be on time.
13 We must ________________ the resources we have.
14. Many skilled workers go abroad ______________ they can get better career opportunities.
四．句型结构
基本句型
1. It has the distinction of being the oldest and most complex underground system in the world.
2. Most trains into London only went to the distant boundary of the city because building railway tracks into the city would have caused damage to many historic buildings.
3. Passengers were transported in carriages without windows, which were pulled through the comparatively narrow tunnels by steam engines.
4. Having seen the situation, a wealthy American businessman, Charles Yerkes, tried to improve the system by buying many of the different lines and setting up the Underground Group.
5. All the different bus and train lines were placed under the authority of the Board.
6. The London underground system is working to transport millions of people effectively as it has done for many years.
7. This notice is aimed at increasing people’s awareness of the problem because it has become quite extreme.
8. Drivers have to take the responsibility to watch out for people crossing the road, especially older people who may walk slowly and young children who may not look before stepping into the road.
9. Many cyclists do not pay attention to the cars that surround them and often ride too close to cars to allow them space and time to stop.
10. This lack of control is an invitation to accidents.
11. Some cyclists make the assumption that traffic laws do not apply to them.
句型拓展
1. However, most trains into London only went to the distant boundary of the city because building railway tracks into the city would have caused damage to many historic buildings. (P50) 但是大部分通往伦敦的火车只到伦敦城的远郊，因为在市区内修建铁路会损坏许多古建筑。
distant
adj. far away:
a distant country
She could hear the distant sound of fireworks exploding.
in the distant past/future
far away in the past or future:
At some point in the distant future I would like to have my own house.
in the not-too-distant future
quite soon:
They plan to have children in the not-too-distant future.
distance
n. [C or U] the amount of space between two places:
What's the distance between Madrid and Barcelona/from Madrid to Barcelona
He travels quite a distance (= a long way) to work every day.
Does she live within walking distance of her parents 高考链接The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _____ of 60 miles.（2004全国）A. length B. distance C. way D. space答案：B
historic
adj. important or likely to be important in history:
historic buildings
a historic day/moment
In a historic vote, the Church of England decided to allow women to become priests.
historical
adj. connected with the study or representation of things from the past:
Many important historical documents were destroyed when the library was bombed.
She specializes in historical novels set in eighteenth-century England.
historically
adv.
The film makes no attempt to be historically accurate.
Historically (= Over a long period in the past), there have always been close links between France and Scotland.
2. Unfortunately, the increased number of vehicles on the road choked off traffic, and the road became so busy that no one could travel anywhere. (P50) 不幸的是马路上增加的车辆把道路堵得水泄不通，交通变得如此拥挤以致于每个人都寸步难行。
choke
n. [C] a block of wood that can be put under a wheel or a heavy object to prevent it from moving
v. 窒息；堵塞；阻塞
The child swallowed a pen and chocked to death.
The roads to the coast were choked with traffic.
At lunchtime the streets were choked with traffic.
She choked to death on a fish bone.
Children can choke on peanuts.
引申：chock back 忍住，抑制
chock up 因激动等说不出话来
自我检测During the rush hours the roads are usually _____ up with traffic.A. chocked B. crowded C. blocked D checked 答案： A
3. The first tunnels were opened in 1863 and were just beneath the surface of the ground. (P50) 首批地铁隧道于1863年开通，他们紧靠地面。
beneath
prep. in or to a lower position than, under低于，在……之下
Jeremy hid the letter beneath a pile of papers.
We huddled together for warmth beneath the blankets.
After weeks at sea, it was wonderful to feel firm ground beneath our feet once more.
比较：1) under
prep. in or to a position below or lower than something else, often so that one thing covers the other:
He hid under the bed.
In AD 79 the city of Pompei was buried under a layer of ash seven meters deep.
She put the thermometer under my tongue.
She was holding a file under her arm (= between her upper arm and the side of her chest).
2) below
adv., prep. in a lower position (than), under:
From the top of the skyscraper the cars below us looked like insects.
Do you usually wear your skirts above or below the knee
The author's name was printed below the title.
They have three children below the age of (= younger than) four.
4. Sixteen years later, in 1884, the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District railway linked up and provided the underground service in the middle of the city. (P50) 16年后，于1884年大都会铁路公司于大都会区铁路公司取得联系共同为城市中部提供地铁服务。
link
v. [T] to make a connection between two or more people, things or ideas:
The explosions are not thought to be linked in any way.
The use of CFCs has been linked to the depletion of the ozone layer.
n. [C] a connection between two people, things or ideas:
There's a direct link between diet and heart disease.
Their links with Britain are still strong.
link up
to form a connection, especially in order to work or operate together:
The organization's aim is to link up people from all over the country who are suffering from the disease.
We offer advice to Polish companies who want to link up with Western businesses.
They linked up two areas by telephone.
用法拓展: be connected with 与……相接，和……有联系
5. These new ways of digging accelerated the pace of the London Underground’s development. (P50) 这些新的隧道开挖方法加快了伦敦地铁的发展脚步。
accelerate
v. [I] when a vehicle or its driver accelerates, the speed of the vehicle increases:
I accelerated to overtake the bus.
Compare: decelerate
v. [I] to go more slowly; to reduce speed:
The car decelerated at the sight of the police car.
accelerated adj. 加速的
acceleration n. 加速度
自我检测A driver ______ his car when he makes it go faster or increased its speed.A. modifies B. duplicates C. accelerates D stimulates答案：C
pace
n. [U] the speed at which someone or sth. moves, or with which sth. happens or changes:
a slow/fast pace
When she thought she heard someone following her, she quickened her pace.
For many years this company has set the pace (= has been the most successful company) in the communications industry.
These changes seem to me to be happening at too fast a pace.
I don't like the pace of modern life.
引申：keep pace with 与……并驾齐驱
at a … pace 以……的速度
自我检测Many people complain of rapid ______ of modern life.A. rate B. speed C. pace D. growth答案：C
6. Traveling on these lines was inconvenient, though, as each line was separately owned and many were very far from each other. (P50) 然而搭乘这些线路很不方便，因为每条线都分别各归其主而且许多线路之间相距甚远。
inconvenient
adj.
an inconvenient time/place
It will be very inconvenient for me to have no car.
inconvenience
n. [C or U] a state or an example of problems or trouble, which often causes a delay or loss of comfort:
We apologize for any inconvenience caused by the late arrival of the train.
We had the inconvenience of being unable to use the kitchen for several weeks.
Having to wait for ten minutes was a minor inconvenience.
7．After his acquisition of the lines, each one was given a name and most of the names are still used today. (P51) 收购后他给每条线起了名字，很多名字至今还在使用。
acquire
v. [T] to obtain sth.:
He acquired the firm in 1978.
I was wearing a newly/recently acquired jacket.
I seem to have acquired (= obtained although I don't know how) two copies of this book.
During this period he acquired a reputation for being a womanizer.
acquisition
n. [C or U]
The museum has been heavily criticized over its acquisition of the four-million-dollar sculpture.
I like your earrings - are they a recent acquisition (= did you get them recently)
8. The last line added was the Jubilee Line in 1977 in honor of the twenty-fifth anniversary of Queen Elizabeth’s crowning. (P51)
honor
a quality that combines respect, pride and honesty:
a man of honour
We fought for the honour of our country
n. [C] a reward, prize or title that publicly expresses admiration or respect:
She received an honour for her services to the community.
He was buried with full military honours (= with a special celebration to show respect).
in honour of sb./sth. in order to celebrate or show great respect for someone or sth.:
a banquet in honour of the president高考链接My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ______ it. (2006陕西)A. in favor of B. in memory ofC. in honour of D. in search of答案：A
9. Visit our ticket office and buy one of the travel cards that permit you to travel all over the underground system. (P51)
permit (-tt-)
v. [T] to allow sth.:
The regulations do not permit much flexibility.
[+ ing form of verb] The prison authorities permit visiting only once a month.
[+ object + to infinitive] The security system will not permit you to enter without the correct password.
As it was such a special occasion, she permitted herself a small glass of champagne.
FORMAL The law permits of no other interpretation.
v. [I] FORMAL to make sth. possible:
The Chancellor is looking to lower interest rates, when economic conditions permit.
We have arranged to play tennis on Saturday, weather permitting (= if the weather is good enough
10. This includes dates or years in the order of the development. (P51)
order
n. [U] the way in which people or things are arranged, either in relation to one another or according to a particular characteristic:
in order of
以……的顺序
The children lined up in order of age/height.
I can't find the file I need because they're all out of order (= they are no longer arranged in the correct way).
Put the files in alphabetical/chronological order.
高考链接You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of ______. (2006广东) A. date B. shape C. order D. balance答案：B
11. The brochure you have just read refers to the development of the London Underground that started in 1854. (P51)
refer to
phrasal verb: 1) to talk or write about someone or sth., especially briefly:
In her autobiography she occasionally refers to her unhappy schooldays.
He always refers to the house as his "refuge".
2) If writing or information refers to someone or sth., it relates to that person or thing:
The new salary scale only refers to company managers and directors.
12. I bought a ticket at a discount and rode the underground three times. (P53)
discount
n. [C] a reduction in the usual price:
They usually give you a discount if you buy multiple copies.
They offer a 10 percent discount on rail travel for students.
v. [T] to decide that sth. or someone is not worth consideration or attention:
You shouldn't discount the possibility of him coming back.
at a discount 打折
自我检测They sell the sweater _______ a discount of 30 percent.A. on B. for C. at D. with答案：C
完成句子
1. 两家机构为了帮助贫穷儿童联合举办了一场慈善活动。）
The two organizations ______ _____ to hold a charity event for the poor children.
2. 这些新的挖掘方法加快了伦敦地铁的发展步伐。（accelerate the pace of）
These new ways of digging __________ _____ ______ ______the London underground’s development.
3. 一般说来，人们喜欢买各种各样的减价商品。（discount）
_________ _____ , people like to buy all kinds of things _____ ____ ________.
4. 因缺乏交流而引发的家庭问题越来越多。（arise from）
There are more and more family problems ______ _________ __________ ________ _________communication.
5. 由于不知道坐哪路车，她向我们求助。（not knowing）
Not knowing which bus to take, she ______ ________ ______ _________ _________.
五．语法应用
非谓语动词
v-ing形式作定语
1. 单个的v-ing形式可以作前置定语，表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家
an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子
a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题
2. 作定语的v-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。
The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory. 装着醋的那个瓶子应送到实验室去
They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
3. 某些情况下，定语不能用v-ing形式，必须用定语从句。
① 作定语的动词-ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。
昨天来的教授将要给我们作一个讲座。
【误】The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.
【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.
② v-ing形式的完成式一般只用作状语，不作定语。
被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。
【误】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.
【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.
v-ed形式作定语
1. 单个动词-ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，作前置定语。
A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。
All the broken doors and windows have been repaired.所有的坏门窗都修好了。
When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper.
我们到达的时候，每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷。
提示： 如要表示强调，单个动词-ed形式也可作后置定语。
Money spent is more than money earned. 入不敷出。
2. 带有修饰语或其他成分的v-ed形式一般都作后置定语，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。
We have read many novels written by this author.
(= that are written by this author) 我们读过这个作家写的许多小说。
Half of the honored guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors.
(= who had been invited to the reception)
被邀请到招待会上的贵宾有一半都是外国大使。
The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.
(= which was attended by one thousand students)
这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千名学生出席了。
A woman dressed like a lawyer came in and took her seat as judge.
(= who was dressed like a lawyer)
一个律师装扮的女人走了进来，并作为法官就座。
v-ing 和v-ed形式作定语的区别
1．及物动词的-ing形式作定语表示与被修饰名词是主动关系，及物动词的-ed 形式表示与被修饰名词是被动关系。
The group called Green Hand is trying to help the environment.
The group calling itself Green Hand is trying to help the environment.
2．不及物动词-ing形式表示动词正在进行，而v-ed形式表示动作已完成。
the rising sun 正在升起的太阳 the risen sun 升起了的太阳
boiling water 正沸腾的水 boiled water 开水
falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子 fallen leaves 落叶
changing condition 变化着的情况 changed condition 改变了的情况
developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家
不及物动词－ed形式只表示完成的意义，并不带有被动的含义。
an escaped prisoner = a prisoner who has escaped 逃犯
a retired worker = a worker who has retired 退休工人
a newly arrived guest = a guest who has just arrived 新来的客人
As adverbs
v-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，其动作执行者与句子主语是主动一致。在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.
(= After we have made full preparations...)
2 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. (= Since he was ill...)
3 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money. (= and left him a lot of money.)
4 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.
=If you work hard at your lessons...
5 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
= Although they knew all this...
6 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.
= ...and stared at the sky for a long time
v-ed形式作状语
动词-ed形式作状语和动词-ing形式作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。但其动作执行者与句子主语是被动一致。
1 动词-ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful.
(= When the city is seen from the tower...)
Completely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away.
(= After he was completely examined...)
有时动词-ed形式前可加连词when, while等来强调时间概念。
Once recovered, he went all out to do his work.
一恢复健康，他就全力以赴地干起了工作。
When asked why she was late for class again, she hung her head in shame.
当被问到为什么上课又迟到时，她羞愧地低下了头。
Once started, the clock will go half a month and keep good time.
一旦给这钟上了发条，它就会走半个月，并且走得很准。
2 动词-ed形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldn't help crying.
(= Since they were moved by the heroic deeds ...)
Written in haste, her letter is very hard to read. (= As it was written in haste ...)
Excited by the new discovery, we decided to go out and celebrate.
(= Because we were excited by...)
3 动词-ed形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Heated, water changes into steam. (= If water is heated...)
Given more time, he would be able to do better. (= If he was given more time ...)
Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker.
(= If she was compared with other professors...)
4 动词-ed形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。
Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.
(= Although they were exhausted by the running ...)
Laughed at by many people, he continued his research.
(= Even if he was laughed by ...)
为了使-ed形式表示的条件、动词让步意义更加明显，我们可以加上适当的连词。
Even if invited, I won't go. 即使受到邀请，我也不去。
Though beaten by the opposite team, they did not lose heart.
Unless invited, he will not come back to the company.
5 动词-ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时，通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并列分句。
The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.
(= and he was surrounded …)
He went into the office, followed by some children.
(= and he was followed by some children)
练习
1. I smell something _________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute
A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
2. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice __________ him.
A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call
3. There is nothing more I can try _________ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.
A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade
4. The Town Hall _________ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.
A. to be completed B. having been completed
C. completed D. being completed
5. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ___________ at the end of last March.
A. has been launched B. having been launched
C. being launched D. to be launched
6. Please remain __________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A. to seat B. to be seated C. seating D. seated
7. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work __________, he gladly accepted it.
A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished
8. ----Excuse me sir,where is Room 301
----Just a minute.I’ll have Bob ___________ you to your room.
A.show B.shows C. to show D. showing
9. He is a student at Oxford University, ____________ for a degree in computer science.
A. studied B. studying C. to have studied D. to be studying
10. ----Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
----Sorry. With so much work ___ my mind, I almost break down.
A.filled B.filling C.to fill D.being filled
11. “Things _________ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.
A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost
12. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______ in his lectures.
A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest
13. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ________ every day.
A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water
14. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day.
A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let
15. ___________ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.
A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven
16. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons __________ for the day.
A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
17. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old, saying that he was not the one _________.
A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed
18. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _________since the flood hit the area last Friday.
A. have been missing B. have missed C. be missing D. have been missed
19. ________and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising
20. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left _________.
A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied
21. ________with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face
22. Faced with a bill for ＄10,000, _________.
A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job
C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John
23. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _________ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching
24 ________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police
A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
25. ___________ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing B. Not completed
C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
六．翻译句子
1.当我第一次从事这个工程的时候，我发现这个信息令人困惑，因为我不知道如何组织他。
2.对于你推迟拜访，我感到非常的失望，但是我还是希望早点见到你。
3.因为陷入交通问题，他上班迟到了。
4.每种方法都 被试过了，但是不起作用。
5.在法国出差的时候，他学会了法语。
6.风暴冲走了道路两旁的土壤，而且道路的一部分正在维修中。
7.在过去的几年中，道路事故的数量和由事故所导致的死亡数字快速增长。
8.我们必须意识到交通事故潜在的原因和采取行动取预防它。
9.当心不要陷入泥浆中。
10.医生被控告违反专业伦理。
七．单项选择
1. One of the consequences of our planet’s being warming up is a(n) ________ in the number of natural disasters. (2003上海)
A. result B. account C. reason D. increase
2. The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _____ of 60 miles.（2004全国）
A. length B. distance C. way D. space
3. Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hour operation to have __________ one-year-old twins at the head. (2004上海)
A. isolated B. separated C. divided D. removed
4 ---What do you want to do next We have half an hour until the basketball game.
---________. Whatever you want to do is fine with me. (2004年浙江)
A. It just depends. B. It’s up to you. C. All right. D. Glad to hear that.
5. At the end of 2004, there were around 6,000 foreign printing companies in China, _____ up around 4 percent of national total. (2006年九江模拟题)
A. made B. to make C. making D. having made
6. As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting _______.（2006年湖南省高考）
A. to use B. to be used C. to have used D. to be using
7. _______ to the children living in poor areas, I have a happy childhood.
A. Compare B. Compared C. Comparing D. To compare
8. Don’t respond to any e-mails personal information, no matter how official they look.（2006年天津高考题）
A. searching B. asking C. requesting D. questioning
9. —The English exam is not difficult, is it
—_______. Even Tom _______ to the top students failed in it. (2006年黄冈模拟题)
A. Yes; belongs B. No; belonged C. Yes; belonging D. No; belonging
10. —We didn’t find the Blacks _____ the lecture.
—No one had told him about _____ a lecture the following day. (2006年苏州模拟题)
A. to attend; there to be B. attend; there being
C. attended; there be D. attending; there was
11. Only _______ according to the directions can the medicine be quite effective. (06连云港)
A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. having been taken
12. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked around as if____ whether he was going in the right direction. (2006年盐城模拟题)
A. seeing B. having seen C. to see D. to have seen
13. —Is there any possibility of the film____ in Paris International Festival
—Not in the least, because audience generally think little of it. (2006年江宁中学模拟题)
A. trying out B. tried out C. to try out D. being tried out
14. —Hi, Mary. Would you like to go to the concert this evening (2006年海安中学模拟题)
—Sorry, Tom. _______ tomorrow’s lessons, I have no time to go out with you.
A. Not preparing B. Not having prepared C. Not to prepare D. Being not prepared
15. —O’Neal works hard. (2006年浙江模拟题)
—So he does. He is often seen _____ heavily before his teammates have even arrived at practice.
A. to be sweated B. sweated C. be sweated D. sweating
16. He hurried to the booking office only _____ that all the tickets has been sold out.（06陕西）
A. to be told B. to tell C. told D. telling
17. AIDS is said _______ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.（2006年湖北省高考题）
A. that it is B. to be C. that it has been D. to have been
18. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____ since the flood hit the area last Friday.（2006年山东省高考题）
A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost
19. _______ this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour.（2006年广东省高考题）
A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making
20. _______ from his _______ look, I know he would accept the decision without any consideration.
A. Judge, pleased B. Judged, pleasure C. Judging, pleasant D. Judging, pleased
八．Reading strategy(阅读策略)
Reading a tourist brochure
When you read a tourist brochure about a place of interest, you will probably find the history of its development. This includes dates or years in the order of the development. The brochure you have just read refers to the development of the London Underground that started in 1854. Another feature is that important people who influenced or changed the development can also be referred to. In this brochure, Chariews and Holden were both important people who influenced London Underground. Interesting facts are often given in tourist brochures as well. Finally, the brochure will encourage you to visit the place for yourself.
九．课文复述
Passage A（Reading）
After the second world war (1)e_____ in 1945, more people traveled on the (2)u________ , so more lines were added. This included the Victoria line that (3)l______ with other lines at almost every station. This helped make the system more (4)u____________. The last line added was the Jubilee line in 1977 (5)i ____ ______ _____the twenty-fifth (6)a ____________of Queen Elizabeth’s crowning.
The London underground system is working to (7)t_________ millions of people effectively as it has done for many years. Three (8)m__________ people travel on the underground every day. The (9)n________ of the underground system includes twelve lines and now goes twenty-six miles out of central London. So why not take a trip on the oldest underground system today Visit our ticket office and buy one of the travel (10)c_________ that permit you to travel all over the underground system.
Passage B（Project）
_______1________ _________2_________
About drivers Drivers not paying attention They should be__3__when another driver does something wrong.
Drivers speaking on mobile phones Speaking on the phone leads to a lack of _____4____, so it should be banned.
Drivers___5____ Driving too fast is a(n)___6___behavior.So drivers should keep an eye on speed limit
About cyclists and pedestrians Cyclists not paying attention Some cyclists think traffic laws do not_7_to them. The idea should be removed
Cyclists carrying a passenger Do not carry a passenger .The lack of control is a(n)__8___to an accident.
___9___traffic lights Be___10___to wait a green light
十．Writing
根据下面的材料完成一篇短文,并发表自己的观点。
注意：1. 字数: 150字左右。开头已写好，不记入总词数。
2. 可适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。
首届中国城市公共交通周活动于2007年9月16日至22日进行。这项活动在北京、上海、天津等108个城市同时开展。活动期间，参加的城市大力倡导绿色交通理念，号召市民选择步行、自行车、公共交通等绿色交通方式出行。目的是为了提高交通质量、缓解交通压力、提高居民节能与环保的意识。
On september22, 2007, more than 100 cities in China joined the national No Car Day activity.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
十一.任务型阅读
For centuries people dreamed of going into space. This dream began to seem possible when high-flying rockets were built in the early 1900s.
In 1903 a Russian teacher named Konstantin Tsiolkovsky figured out how to use rockets for space travel. His plan was the first one in rocket science to use correct scientific calculation. About 30 years later, a U.S. scientist named Robert Goddard built the first rockets that could reach high altitudes. During World War II, German scientists built large rockets that could travel very far and carry dangerous explosives. After the war, scientists from Germany went to the United States and the Soviet Union to help those countries build space rockets.
These two countries were soon racing to get to space first. Each of these countries wanted to prove that it was stronger and more advanced than the other one. Both countries also had powerful bombs. People in the United States were worried when the Soviets were first to launch a space satellite, which was called Sputnik. The Soviets were also first to send a person into space. Yury Gagarin orbited the earth in the Vostok I spaceship in 1961.
The US government set a goal for its space program to be the first country to put a person on the Moon. The U.S. space program built a series of Apollo spaceship. These vehicles were powered by huge Saturn 5 rockets. In 1969 Apollo II took three men to the moon successfully. Nell Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon.
The Soviets may have lost the race to fly people to the Moon, but they built the first space station in 1971. The United States also built a space station. The space stations allowed people to live and work in space. Then the Soviet Union and the United States cooperated to hook two spaceships together in space. This action ended the "space race". Today a much larger space station, built by several countries together, orbits Earth.
Another new way to go to space is by space shuttle. A space shuttle, first made in the United States in 1981, looks like an airplane. Astronauts who fly spaceships have used shuttles to help put satellites into space.
History of space travel
Time Events Information concerned
Early 1900s High-flying rockets were built. It made the ancient dream of going to space possible to come 1) ▲
1903 Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (2) ▲ a way to use rockets for space travel. He planned to put correct scientific calculation to use in rocket science.
Around (3) ▲ Robert Goddard built new rockets. The rockets could fly very(4) ▲ in the sky.
During and after World War II German scientists built large rockets that could travel very far and carry dangerous explosives. Germany was ahead of all the other countries in building space rockets and later it even offered5) ▲ to the Soviet Union and the United States
The Soviet Union and the United States competed to get to space first. The Soviet Union became the(6) ▲ of the race when it launched the first satellite and sent the first astronaut into space.
1969 The United States (7) ▲ in putting a person on the moon. In one way, it (8) ▲ the Soviet Union by becoming the first country to fly people to the moon.
1970s The Soviets built the first space station and was soon followed by Americans. And they finally ended the "space race" by(9) ▲ Astronauts can live and work in space stations.
1980s-- Space shuttles are used as new vehicles for space （10) ▲ . Shuttles are also used to help put satellites into space.
参考答案
一．单词拼写
1. transport 2. steam 3. over 4. underground 5. boundary 6. choke
7. beneath 8. inconvenient 9. functioned 10. user-friendly. 11. authority
12．Underground 13．connection 14．washed 15．arising 16．aware
17．violating 18．up 19．cyclists 20．Safety
二．词形转换
1. comparison 2. effect 3. patience; impatient 4. concentrate 5. steadily
6. invitation; inviting 7. awareness; unaware 8. expected; expectation
9. permission 10. fortunate 11.connection 12. irresponsible 13.reliable
14.distance 15.expand 16.convenience 17.separately
三．选词填空
1. In addition to 2. lead to 3. causing trouble 4.choke her off 5. responsible for
6. in honor of 7. at a discount 8. make up for 9. got off 10. aimed at
11. arising from 12. speed up 13. make better use of 14. in the hope that
四．句型结构
1. linked up 2. accelerated the pace of 3. Generally speaking; at a discount
4. arising from the lack of 5. turned to us for help
五．语法应用
1-5AADCB 6-10 DAABB 11-15AADBB 16-20AD ABA 21-25 AAB BC
六．翻译句子
1. When I first undertook the project, I found the information confusing because I didn’t know how to organize it
2. I am disappointed that you are postponing your visit next week, but I expect I will see you soon.
3. Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work
4. Every means has been tired out, but it doesn’t work.
5. He picked up some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.
6. The storms washed away soil along the road and part of the road is still under repair.
7. The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased greatly over the past year.
8. We must all be aware of the potential causes of traffic accidents and act to prevent them.
9. Be careful not to step in the mud.
10. The doctor has been accused of violating professional ethics.
七．单项选择
1-5 DBBBC 6-10 BBCCB 11-15 BCDBD 16-20 ADACD
九．课文复述
Part A
1. ended 2.underground 3.linked. 4. user-friendly 5. in honor of
6. anniversary 7. transport 8. millon. 9. network 10. cards
Part B
1. reasons 2. suggestions 3. prepared 4. concentration 5. speeding
6. irresponsible/dangerous 7. apply 8. invitation 9. Ignoring 10.patient
十．Writing
On september22,2007, more than 100 cities in China joined the national No Car Day activity. People in these cities were encouraged to take public transport, ride bikes or walk to their destinations during this period.
The reasons for the campaign are as follows:
First, it goes without saying that this activity may help a little to ease the traffic jams. As is known to all, many cities in China suffer traffic jams. Cars are crawling bumper-to-bumper on the streets and the speed is very low. As a result, many people are late for work and students for school. Second, it is aimed at raising residents’ awareness about energy saving and environment protection because air pollution is very serious in some big cities.
As students, we should make people become aware of the importance of holding a “No Car Day”. Besides, we should persuade the car owners we are familiar with to use cares as little as possible and do our best to create environmentally friendly living conditions.
十一.任务型阅读
1. true 2. discovered/found 3. 1933 4. high 5. help 6. winner
7. succeeded 8. beat/defeated 9. cooperation/cooperating 10. travel
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Module 7
Unit 4 Public transport
新课标单词
underground n. 地铁
commonly adv. 一般地，通常地
distinction n. 声誉，名声，区别，差别
distant adj. 远的，遥远的
historic adj. 有历史意义的，历史上著名的
transport vt. & n. 运输，运送，输送，搬运
vehicle n. 车辆，交通工具
shuttle n. 短程往返运行的公共汽车（或火车等）；梭，梭子；航天飞机
beneath prep. & adv. 在……之下
comparatively adv. 比较而言，相对地
narrow adj. 窄的，狭窄的；狭隘的
middle n. 中间，中部
advanced adj. 高级的，先进的
accelerate vt. 加速，促进
pace n. 步伐，速度
inconvenient adj. 不方便的，不便利的
separately adv. 分别地，单独地，各自地
acquisition n. (尤指通过努力)取得，获得；学到
expansion n. 扩充，扩展，扩大，发展
connection n. 连接；连接物；联系；关系
function vi. 起作用；工作，活动，运转
anniversary n. 周年纪念；周年纪念日
effectively adv. 有效地
permit vt. & vi. 允许，准许，许可 n. 许可证；执照；通行证
sightseeing n. 观光，游览
horrible adj. 可怕的，恐怖的；极其讨厌的，让人非常难受的，特别糟糕的
discount n. 折扣，打折
official n. 官员
increase n. 增加，增长
cycle vi. 骑自行车
aim vi. 目的是，打算；瞄准，对准 vt.将……瞄准，将……指向 n.目标，目的
confuse vt. 使糊涂，使困惑；使混乱；混淆
tire vt. 使厌倦，使厌烦；使疲劳
annoy vt. 使恼怒，使生气，使烦恼；打搅，干扰，骚扰
undertake vt. 承担，担任；着手做，开始进行，从事
sacrifice vt. 牺牲，奉献
beyond prep. 在先之外，超出
modest adj. 适度的，适中的，不过分的；谦虚的，谦让的
postpone vt. 推迟，延迟，使延期
speed vt. & vi. 加速
timetable n. 时间表
departure n. 离开，启程，出发
repair n. 修理，修补
punctual adj. 准时的，准点的；守时的
reliable adj. 可靠的，可信赖的
arise vi. 发生，产生，形成；起立，起身；起床；起义
extreme adj. 极端的，极度的
cause n. 原因，起因；事业
pedestrian n. 行人，步行者
lorry n. 卡车
surrounding adj. 周围的；环绕的 n. 周围环境
signal vi. 发信号
impatient adj. 不耐烦的，没耐心的，急不可耐的
aggressive adj. 好斗的，侵略性的，咄咄逼人的
fine vt. 罚……的款，处……以罚金 n. 罚金，罚款
concentration n. 专心，专注；集中
irresponsible adj. 不负责任的
assumption n. 假定，臆想
overload vt. 使超载，使过载
unsteady adj. 不稳定的，摇摆的，摇晃
invitation n. 诱因；邀请；请帖
incorrectly adv. 不正确地，错误地
orderly adj. 有秩序的，秩序井然的，有条理的
课文出现短语
1. pick up
2. cause damage to
3. beneath the surface
4. far from
5. in use
6. why not do
7. go sightseeing
8. in the hope of
9. speed up
10. under repair
11. protect sb from danger
12. pay attention to
13. risk your life
14. avoid causing accidents
15. a couple of
16. drop off
17. choke off traffic
18. link up
19. set up
20. function as
21. permit sb to do
22. at a discount
23. make better use of
24. wash away
25. arise from
26. be aimed at
27. lead to crashes
28. watch out for
29. in need of
30. be up to sb
31. as it is known
32. lead to
33. accelerate the pace
34. be responsible for
35. in honor for
36. a place of interest
37. be made up of
38. make up for
39. cause deaths and injuries
40. traffic jam
41. be aware of
42. be fined for
43. be likely to
44. in good condition
一．单词应用
根据单词的首字母或汉语意思填写正确单词，注意形式变化。
1. Up to now, many people have agreed that t____________ is an important part of our lives.
2. In the 19th century, s___________ trains helped people travel all over the world.
3. In the past, many old men don’t believe buses can carry people o_____________ long distance.
4. If you go to Britain, you will see the sign at the station, “welcome to the London u____________”.
5. Most trains went to the distant b___________ of the city in the northern part of the country.
6. Cars on the road can c___________ off traffic, so some experts don’t agree car’s mass production.
7. The first tunnels were just b______________ the surface of the ground.
8. Sometimes, traveling on these lines was very i______________. So you had better go by car.
9. Many caves in the mountains f____________ as bomb shelters during war times.
10. Some experts in this field think this helps make the system more u______________.
11.It is reported that the train lines were placed under the ___________（权力机构） of the Board.
12.It was interesting to know about the London ______________（地铁） developed.
13.The city has good air ____________（连接） with most large cities on the Chinese mainland.
14.The storms ______________(冲走) away soil along the road last night, which made children frightened
15.The deaths __________（发生，形成） from those accidents has increased in the past ten years.
16.We must all be ___________（意识到） of the potential causes of traffic accidents and act to prevent them.
17.You are ___________（违反） the law and risking your own life as well as the lives of others.
18.It is ___________（由…决定） to all of us road users to make sure that we must avoid accident.
19.Many ___________（骑车的人） do not pay attention to the cars around them. so it can lead to accidents.
20.We must pay attention to road __________（安全）. Only in this way can we keep us safe.
二.词型转换
1、comparative adj.--- ______(n.) 2、effectively adv. --- ______(n.)
3、patient adj.--- ______(n.) ______(反) 4、concentration n.--- ________(v.)
5、steady adj.--- _________(adv.) 6、invite v.--- _______(n.)_______(adj.)
7、aware adj.--- ________(n.)_______(反) 8.expect v.--- _________(adj.)_______(n.)
9、permit v.--- _______(n.允许) 10、fortune n.--- ________(adj.)
11. connect (vt.) _________(n. ) 12. responsible (adj.) ________ (opp.)
13. rely (vi.)__________ (adj.) 14.distant (adj.) ____________ (n.)
15. expansion (n.)_________ (vt.) 16. convenient (adj.) _________ (n.)
17. separate (adj./vt) ___________ (adv.)
三．选词填空
Lead to , in addition to , cause trouble , at a discount, get off, arise fromchock off, responsible for. in honour of, make up for, aim at speed up in the hope that , make better use of
1. __________ English, he has to study French.
2. where does this path ________
3. I’m afraid that boy is ____________.
4. She kept talking and nobody could _________.
5. Heavy rains were _________ storage of vegetables.
6. I have cooked a special meal________ our visitors.
7. I bought a ticket _______ and rode the underground four times.
8. I thought I could have a relaxing weekend to _________ all my hard work.
9. They _________ immediately after lunch.
10. This notice is ________ increasing people’s awareness of the problem.
11. Can we begin by discussing matters ____________ the last meeting
12. We’d better __________ if we want to be on time.
13 We must ________________ the resources we have.
14. Many skilled workers go abroad ______________ they can get better career opportunities.
四．句型结构
基本句型
1. It has the distinction of being the oldest and most complex underground system in the world.
2. Most trains into London only went to the distant boundary of the city because building railway tracks into the city would have caused damage to many historic buildings.
3. Passengers were transported in carriages without windows, which were pulled through the comparatively narrow tunnels by steam engines.
4. Having seen the situation, a wealthy American businessman, Charles Yerkes, tried to improve the system by buying many of the different lines and setting up the Underground Group.
5. All the different bus and train lines were placed under the authority of the Board.
6. The London underground system is working to transport millions of people effectively as it has done for many years.
7. This notice is aimed at increasing people’s awareness of the problem because it has become quite extreme.
8. Drivers have to take the responsibility to watch out for people crossing the road, especially older people who may walk slowly and young children who may not look before stepping into the road.
9. Many cyclists do not pay attention to the cars that surround them and often ride too close to cars to allow them space and time to stop.
10. This lack of control is an invitation to accidents.
11. Some cyclists make the assumption that traffic laws do not apply to them.
句型拓展
1. However, most trains into London only went to the distant boundary of the city because building railway tracks into the city would have caused damage to many historic buildings. (P50) 但是大部分通往伦敦的火车只到伦敦城的远郊，因为在市区内修建铁路会损坏许多古建筑。
distant
adj. far away:
a distant country
She could hear the distant sound of fireworks exploding.
in the distant past/future
far away in the past or future:
At some point in the distant future I would like to have my own house.
in the not-too-distant future
quite soon:
They plan to have children in the not-too-distant future.
distance
n. [C or U] the amount of space between two places:
What's the distance between Madrid and Barcelona/from Madrid to Barcelona
He travels quite a distance (= a long way) to work every day.
Does she live within walking distance of her parents 高考链接The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _____ of 60 miles.（2004全国）A. length B. distance C. way D. space答案：B
historic
adj. important or likely to be important in history:
historic buildings
a historic day/moment
In a historic vote, the Church of England decided to allow women to become priests.
historical
adj. connected with the study or representation of things from the past:
Many important historical documents were destroyed when the library was bombed.
She specializes in historical novels set in eighteenth-century England.
historically
adv.
The film makes no attempt to be historically accurate.
Historically (= Over a long period in the past), there have always been close links between France and Scotland.
2. Unfortunately, the increased number of vehicles on the road choked off traffic, and the road became so busy that no one could travel anywhere. (P50) 不幸的是马路上增加的车辆把道路堵得水泄不通，交通变得如此拥挤以致于每个人都寸步难行。
choke
n. [C] a block of wood that can be put under a wheel or a heavy object to prevent it from moving
v. 窒息；堵塞；阻塞
The child swallowed a pen and chocked to death.
The roads to the coast were choked with traffic.
At lunchtime the streets were choked with traffic.
She choked to death on a fish bone.
Children can choke on peanuts.
引申：chock back 忍住，抑制
chock up 因激动等说不出话来
自我检测During the rush hours the roads are usually _____ up with traffic.A. chocked B. crowded C. blocked D checked 答案： A
3. The first tunnels were opened in 1863 and were just beneath the surface of the ground. (P50) 首批地铁隧道于1863年开通，他们紧靠地面。
beneath
prep. in or to a lower position than, under低于，在……之下
Jeremy hid the letter beneath a pile of papers.
We huddled together for warmth beneath the blankets.
After weeks at sea, it was wonderful to feel firm ground beneath our feet once more.
比较：1) under
prep. in or to a position below or lower than something else, often so that one thing covers the other:
He hid under the bed.
In AD 79 the city of Pompei was buried under a layer of ash seven meters deep.
She put the thermometer under my tongue.
She was holding a file under her arm (= between her upper arm and the side of her chest).
2) below
adv., prep. in a lower position (than), under:
From the top of the skyscraper the cars below us looked like insects.
Do you usually wear your skirts above or below the knee
The author's name was printed below the title.
They have three children below the age of (= younger than) four.
4. Sixteen years later, in 1884, the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District railway linked up and provided the underground service in the middle of the city. (P50) 16年后，于1884年大都会铁路公司于大都会区铁路公司取得联系共同为城市中部提供地铁服务。
link
v. [T] to make a connection between two or more people, things or ideas:
The explosions are not thought to be linked in any way.
The use of CFCs has been linked to the depletion of the ozone layer.
n. [C] a connection between two people, things or ideas:
There's a direct link between diet and heart disease.
Their links with Britain are still strong.
link up
to form a connection, especially in order to work or operate together:
The organization's aim is to link up people from all over the country who are suffering from the disease.
We offer advice to Polish companies who want to link up with Western businesses.
They linked up two areas by telephone.
用法拓展: be connected with 与……相接，和……有联系
5. These new ways of digging accelerated the pace of the London Underground’s development. (P50) 这些新的隧道开挖方法加快了伦敦地铁的发展脚步。
accelerate
v. [I] when a vehicle or its driver accelerates, the speed of the vehicle increases:
I accelerated to overtake the bus.
Compare: decelerate
v. [I] to go more slowly; to reduce speed:
The car decelerated at the sight of the police car.
accelerated adj. 加速的
acceleration n. 加速度
自我检测A driver ______ his car when he makes it go faster or increased its speed.A. modifies B. duplicates C. accelerates D stimulates答案：C
pace
n. [U] the speed at which someone or sth. moves, or with which sth. happens or changes:
a slow/fast pace
When she thought she heard someone following her, she quickened her pace.
For many years this company has set the pace (= has been the most successful company) in the communications industry.
These changes seem to me to be happening at too fast a pace.
I don't like the pace of modern life.
引申：keep pace with 与……并驾齐驱
at a … pace 以……的速度
自我检测Many people complain of rapid ______ of modern life.A. rate B. speed C. pace D. growth答案：C
6. Traveling on these lines was inconvenient, though, as each line was separately owned and many were very far from each other. (P50) 然而搭乘这些线路很不方便，因为每条线都分别各归其主而且许多线路之间相距甚远。
inconvenient
adj.
an inconvenient time/place
It will be very inconvenient for me to have no car.
inconvenience
n. [C or U] a state or an example of problems or trouble, which often causes a delay or loss of comfort:
We apologize for any inconvenience caused by the late arrival of the train.
We had the inconvenience of being unable to use the kitchen for several weeks.
Having to wait for ten minutes was a minor inconvenience.
7．After his acquisition of the lines, each one was given a name and most of the names are still used today. (P51) 收购后他给每条线起了名字，很多名字至今还在使用。
acquire
v. [T] to obtain sth.:
He acquired the firm in 1978.
I was wearing a newly/recently acquired jacket.
I seem to have acquired (= obtained although I don't know how) two copies of this book.
During this period he acquired a reputation for being a womanizer.
acquisition
n. [C or U]
The museum has been heavily criticized over its acquisition of the four-million-dollar sculpture.
I like your earrings - are they a recent acquisition (= did you get them recently)
8. The last line added was the Jubilee Line in 1977 in honor of the twenty-fifth anniversary of Queen Elizabeth’s crowning. (P51)
honor
a quality that combines respect, pride and honesty:
a man of honour
We fought for the honour of our country
n. [C] a reward, prize or title that publicly expresses admiration or respect:
She received an honour for her services to the community.
He was buried with full military honours (= with a special celebration to show respect).
in honour of sb./sth. in order to celebrate or show great respect for someone or sth.:
a banquet in honour of the president高考链接My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ______ it. (2006陕西)A. in favor of B. in memory ofC. in honour of D. in search of答案：A
9. Visit our ticket office and buy one of the travel cards that permit you to travel all over the underground system. (P51)
permit (-tt-)
v. [T] to allow sth.:
The regulations do not permit much flexibility.
[+ ing form of verb] The prison authorities permit visiting only once a month.
[+ object + to infinitive] The security system will not permit you to enter without the correct password.
As it was such a special occasion, she permitted herself a small glass of champagne.
FORMAL The law permits of no other interpretation.
v. [I] FORMAL to make sth. possible:
The Chancellor is looking to lower interest rates, when economic conditions permit.
We have arranged to play tennis on Saturday, weather permitting (= if the weather is good enough
10. This includes dates or years in the order of the development. (P51)
order
n. [U] the way in which people or things are arranged, either in relation to one another or according to a particular characteristic:
in order of
以……的顺序
The children lined up in order of age/height.
I can't find the file I need because they're all out of order (= they are no longer arranged in the correct way).
Put the files in alphabetical/chronological order.
高考链接You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of ______. (2006广东) A. date B. shape C. order D. balance答案：B
11. The brochure you have just read refers to the development of the London Underground that started in 1854. (P51)
refer to
phrasal verb: 1) to talk or write about someone or sth., especially briefly:
In her autobiography she occasionally refers to her unhappy schooldays.
He always refers to the house as his "refuge".
2) If writing or information refers to someone or sth., it relates to that person or thing:
The new salary scale only refers to company managers and directors.
12. I bought a ticket at a discount and rode the underground three times. (P53)
discount
n. [C] a reduction in the usual price:
They usually give you a discount if you buy multiple copies.
They offer a 10 percent discount on rail travel for students.
v. [T] to decide that sth. or someone is not worth consideration or attention:
You shouldn't discount the possibility of him coming back.
at a discount 打折
自我检测They sell the sweater _______ a discount of 30 percent.A. on B. for C. at D. with答案：C
完成句子
1. 两家机构为了帮助贫穷儿童联合举办了一场慈善活动。）
The two organizations ______ _____ to hold a charity event for the poor children.
2. 这些新的挖掘方法加快了伦敦地铁的发展步伐。（accelerate the pace of）
These new ways of digging __________ _____ ______ ______the London underground’s development.
3. 一般说来，人们喜欢买各种各样的减价商品。（discount）
_________ _____ , people like to buy all kinds of things _____ ____ ________.
4. 因缺乏交流而引发的家庭问题越来越多。（arise from）
There are more and more family problems ______ _________ __________ ________ _________communication.
5. 由于不知道坐哪路车，她向我们求助。（not knowing）
Not knowing which bus to take, she ______ ________ ______ _________ _________.
五．语法应用
非谓语动词
v-ing形式作定语
1. 单个的v-ing形式可以作前置定语，表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家
an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子
a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题
2. 作定语的v-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。
The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory. 装着醋的那个瓶子应送到实验室去
They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
3. 某些情况下，定语不能用v-ing形式，必须用定语从句。
① 作定语的动词-ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。
昨天来的教授将要给我们作一个讲座。
【误】The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.
【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.
② v-ing形式的完成式一般只用作状语，不作定语。
被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。
【误】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.
【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.
v-ed形式作定语
1. 单个动词-ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，作前置定语。
A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。
All the broken doors and windows have been repaired.所有的坏门窗都修好了。
When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper.
我们到达的时候，每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷。
提示： 如要表示强调，单个动词-ed形式也可作后置定语。
Money spent is more than money earned. 入不敷出。
2. 带有修饰语或其他成分的v-ed形式一般都作后置定语，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。
We have read many novels written by this author.
(= that are written by this author) 我们读过这个作家写的许多小说。
Half of the honored guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors.
(= who had been invited to the reception)
被邀请到招待会上的贵宾有一半都是外国大使。
The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.
(= which was attended by one thousand students)
这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千名学生出席了。
A woman dressed like a lawyer came in and took her seat as judge.
(= who was dressed like a lawyer)
一个律师装扮的女人走了进来，并作为法官就座。
v-ing 和v-ed形式作定语的区别
1．及物动词的-ing形式作定语表示与被修饰名词是主动关系，及物动词的-ed 形式表示与被修饰名词是被动关系。
The group called Green Hand is trying to help the environment.
The group calling itself Green Hand is trying to help the environment.
2．不及物动词-ing形式表示动词正在进行，而v-ed形式表示动作已完成。
the rising sun 正在升起的太阳 the risen sun 升起了的太阳
boiling water 正沸腾的水 boiled water 开水
falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子 fallen leaves 落叶
changing condition 变化着的情况 changed condition 改变了的情况
developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家
不及物动词－ed形式只表示完成的意义，并不带有被动的含义。
an escaped prisoner = a prisoner who has escaped 逃犯
a retired worker = a worker who has retired 退休工人
a newly arrived guest = a guest who has just arrived 新来的客人
As adverbs
v-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，其动作执行者与句子主语是主动一致。在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.
(= After we have made full preparations...)
2 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. (= Since he was ill...)
3 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money. (= and left him a lot of money.)
4 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.
=If you work hard at your lessons...
5 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
= Although they knew all this...
6 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.
= ...and stared at the sky for a long time
v-ed形式作状语
动词-ed形式作状语和动词-ing形式作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。但其动作执行者与句子主语是被动一致。
1 动词-ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful.
(= When the city is seen from the tower...)
Completely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away.
(= After he was completely examined...)
有时动词-ed形式前可加连词when, while等来强调时间概念。
Once recovered, he went all out to do his work.
一恢复健康，他就全力以赴地干起了工作。
When asked why she was late for class again, she hung her head in shame.
当被问到为什么上课又迟到时，她羞愧地低下了头。
Once started, the clock will go half a month and keep good time.
一旦给这钟上了发条，它就会走半个月，并且走得很准。
2 动词-ed形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldn't help crying.
(= Since they were moved by the heroic deeds ...)
Written in haste, her letter is very hard to read. (= As it was written in haste ...)
Excited by the new discovery, we decided to go out and celebrate.
(= Because we were excited by...)
3 动词-ed形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Heated, water changes into steam. (= If water is heated...)
Given more time, he would be able to do better. (= If he was given more time ...)
Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker.
(= If she was compared with other professors...)
4 动词-ed形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。
Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.
(= Although they were exhausted by the running ...)
Laughed at by many people, he continued his research.
(= Even if he was laughed by ...)
为了使-ed形式表示的条件、动词让步意义更加明显，我们可以加上适当的连词。
Even if invited, I won't go. 即使受到邀请，我也不去。
Though beaten by the opposite team, they did not lose heart.
Unless invited, he will not come back to the company.
5 动词-ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时，通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并列分句。
The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.
(= and he was surrounded …)
He went into the office, followed by some children.
(= and he was followed by some children)
练习
1. I smell something _________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute
A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
2. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice __________ him.
A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call
3. There is nothing more I can try _________ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.
A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade
4. The Town Hall _________ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.
A. to be completed B. having been completed
C. completed D. being completed
5. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ___________ at the end of last March.
A. has been launched B. having been launched
C. being launched D. to be launched
6. Please remain __________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A. to seat B. to be seated C. seating D. seated
7. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work __________, he gladly accepted it.
A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished
8. ----Excuse me sir,where is Room 301
----Just a minute.I’ll have Bob ___________ you to your room.
A.show B.shows C. to show D. showing
9. He is a student at Oxford University, ____________ for a degree in computer science.
A. studied B. studying C. to have studied D. to be studying
10. ----Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
----Sorry. With so much work ___ my mind, I almost break down.
A.filled B.filling C.to fill D.being filled
11. “Things _________ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.
A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost
12. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______ in his lectures.
A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest
13. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ________ every day.
A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water
14. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day.
A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let
15. ___________ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.
A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven
16. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons __________ for the day.
A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
17. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old, saying that he was not the one _________.
A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed
18. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _________since the flood hit the area last Friday.
A. have been missing B. have missed C. be missing D. have been missed
19. ________and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising
20. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left _________.
A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied
21. ________with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face
22. Faced with a bill for ＄10,000, _________.
A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job
C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John
23. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _________ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching
24 ________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police
A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
25. ___________ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing B. Not completed
C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
六．翻译句子
1.当我第一次从事这个工程的时候，我发现这个信息令人困惑，因为我不知道如何组织他。
2.对于你推迟拜访，我感到非常的失望，但是我还是希望早点见到你。
3.因为陷入交通问题，他上班迟到了。
4.每种方法都 被试过了，但是不起作用。
5.在法国出差的时候，他学会了法语。
6.风暴冲走了道路两旁的土壤，而且道路的一部分正在维修中。
7.在过去的几年中，道路事故的数量和由事故所导致的死亡数字快速增长。
8.我们必须意识到交通事故潜在的原因和采取行动取预防它。
9.当心不要陷入泥浆中。
10.医生被控告违反专业伦理。
七．单项选择
1. One of the consequences of our planet’s being warming up is a(n) ________ in the number of natural disasters. (2003上海)
A. result B. account C. reason D. increase
2. The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _____ of 60 miles.（2004全国）
A. length B. distance C. way D. space
3. Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hour operation to have __________ one-year-old twins at the head. (2004上海)
A. isolated B. separated C. divided D. removed
4 ---What do you want to do next We have half an hour until the basketball game.
---________. Whatever you want to do is fine with me. (2004年浙江)
A. It just depends. B. It’s up to you. C. All right. D. Glad to hear that.
5. At the end of 2004, there were around 6,000 foreign printing companies in China, _____ up around 4 percent of national total. (2006年九江模拟题)
A. made B. to make C. making D. having made
6. As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting _______.（2006年湖南省高考）
A. to use B. to be used C. to have used D. to be using
7. _______ to the children living in poor areas, I have a happy childhood.
A. Compare B. Compared C. Comparing D. To compare
8. Don’t respond to any e-mails personal information, no matter how official they look.（2006年天津高考题）
A. searching B. asking C. requesting D. questioning
9. —The English exam is not difficult, is it
—_______. Even Tom _______ to the top students failed in it. (2006年黄冈模拟题)
A. Yes; belongs B. No; belonged C. Yes; belonging D. No; belonging
10. —We didn’t find the Blacks _____ the lecture.
—No one had told him about _____ a lecture the following day. (2006年苏州模拟题)
A. to attend; there to be B. attend; there being
C. attended; there be D. attending; there was
11. Only _______ according to the directions can the medicine be quite effective. (06连云港)
A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. having been taken
12. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked around as if____ whether he was going in the right direction. (2006年盐城模拟题)
A. seeing B. having seen C. to see D. to have seen
13. —Is there any possibility of the film____ in Paris International Festival
—Not in the least, because audience generally think little of it. (2006年江宁中学模拟题)
A. trying out B. tried out C. to try out D. being tried out
14. —Hi, Mary. Would you like to go to the concert this evening (2006年海安中学模拟题)
—Sorry, Tom. _______ tomorrow’s lessons, I have no time to go out with you.
A. Not preparing B. Not having prepared C. Not to prepare D. Being not prepared
15. —O’Neal works hard. (2006年浙江模拟题)
—So he does. He is often seen _____ heavily before his teammates have even arrived at practice.
A. to be sweated B. sweated C. be sweated D. sweating
16. He hurried to the booking office only _____ that all the tickets has been sold out.（06陕西）
A. to be told B. to tell C. told D. telling
17. AIDS is said _______ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.（2006年湖北省高考题）
A. that it is B. to be C. that it has been D. to have been
18. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____ since the flood hit the area last Friday.（2006年山东省高考题）
A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost
19. _______ this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour.（2006年广东省高考题）
A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making
20. _______ from his _______ look, I know he would accept the decision without any consideration.
A. Judge, pleased B. Judged, pleasure C. Judging, pleasant D. Judging, pleased
八．Reading strategy(阅读策略)
Reading a tourist brochure
When you read a tourist brochure about a place of interest, you will probably find the history of its development. This includes dates or years in the order of the development. The brochure you have just read refers to the development of the London Underground that started in 1854. Another feature is that important people who influenced or changed the development can also be referred to. In this brochure, Chariews and Holden were both important people who influenced London Underground. Interesting facts are often given in tourist brochures as well. Finally, the brochure will encourage you to visit the place for yourself.
九．课文复述
Passage A（Reading）
After the second world war (1)e_____ in 1945, more people traveled on the (2)u________ , so more lines were added. This included the Victoria line that (3)l______ with other lines at almost every station. This helped make the system more (4)u____________. The last line added was the Jubilee line in 1977 (5)i ____ ______ _____the twenty-fifth (6)a ____________of Queen Elizabeth’s crowning.
The London underground system is working to (7)t_________ millions of people effectively as it has done for many years. Three (8)m__________ people travel on the underground every day. The (9)n________ of the underground system includes twelve lines and now goes twenty-six miles out of central London. So why not take a trip on the oldest underground system today Visit our ticket office and buy one of the travel (10)c_________ that permit you to travel all over the underground system.
Passage B（Project）
_______1________ _________2_________
About drivers Drivers not paying attention They should be__3__when another driver does something wrong.
Drivers speaking on mobile phones Speaking on the phone leads to a lack of _____4____, so it should be banned.
Drivers___5____ Driving too fast is a(n)___6___behavior.So drivers should keep an eye on speed limit
About cyclists and pedestrians Cyclists not paying attention Some cyclists think traffic laws do not_7_to them. The idea should be removed
Cyclists carrying a passenger Do not carry a passenger .The lack of control is a(n)__8___to an accident.
___9___traffic lights Be___10___to wait a green light
十．Writing
根据下面的材料完成一篇短文,并发表自己的观点。
注意：1. 字数: 150字左右。开头已写好，不记入总词数。
2. 可适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。
首届中国城市公共交通周活动于2007年9月16日至22日进行。这项活动在北京、上海、天津等108个城市同时开展。活动期间，参加的城市大力倡导绿色交通理念，号召市民选择步行、自行车、公共交通等绿色交通方式出行。目的是为了提高交通质量、缓解交通压力、提高居民节能与环保的意识。
On september22, 2007, more than 100 cities in China joined the national No Car Day activity.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
十一.任务型阅读
For centuries people dreamed of going into space. This dream began to seem possible when high-flying rockets were built in the early 1900s.
In 1903 a Russian teacher named Konstantin Tsiolkovsky figured out how to use rockets for space travel. His plan was the first one in rocket science to use correct scientific calculation. About 30 years later, a U.S. scientist named Robert Goddard built the first rockets that could reach high altitudes. During World War II, German scientists built large rockets that could travel very far and carry dangerous explosives. After the war, scientists from Germany went to the United States and the Soviet Union to help those countries build space rockets.
These two countries were soon racing to get to space first. Each of these countries wanted to prove that it was stronger and more advanced than the other one. Both countries also had powerful bombs. People in the United States were worried when the Soviets were first to launch a space satellite, which was called Sputnik. The Soviets were also first to send a person into space. Yury Gagarin orbited the earth in the Vostok I spaceship in 1961.
The US government set a goal for its space program to be the first country to put a person on the Moon. The U.S. space program built a series of Apollo spaceship. These vehicles were powered by huge Saturn 5 rockets. In 1969 Apollo II took three men to the moon successfully. Nell Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon.
The Soviets may have lost the race to fly people to the Moon, but they built the first space station in 1971. The United States also built a space station. The space stations allowed people to live and work in space. Then the Soviet Union and the United States cooperated to hook two spaceships together in space. This action ended the "space race". Today a much larger space station, built by several countries together, orbits Earth.
Another new way to go to space is by space shuttle. A space shuttle, first made in the United States in 1981, looks like an airplane. Astronauts who fly spaceships have used shuttles to help put satellites into space.
History of space travel
Time Events Information concerned
Early 1900s High-flying rockets were built. It made the ancient dream of going to space possible to come 1) ▲
1903 Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (2) ▲ a way to use rockets for space travel. He planned to put correct scientific calculation to use in rocket science.
Around (3) ▲ Robert Goddard built new rockets. The rockets could fly very(4) ▲ in the sky.
During and after World War II German scientists built large rockets that could travel very far and carry dangerous explosives. Germany was ahead of all the other countries in building space rockets and later it even offered5) ▲ to the Soviet Union and the United States
The Soviet Union and the United States competed to get to space first. The Soviet Union became the(6) ▲ of the race when it launched the first satellite and sent the first astronaut into space.
1969 The United States (7) ▲ in putting a person on the moon. In one way, it (8) ▲ the Soviet Union by becoming the first country to fly people to the moon.
1970s The Soviets built the first space station and was soon followed by Americans. And they finally ended the "space race" by(9) ▲ Astronauts can live and work in space stations.
1980s-- Space shuttles are used as new vehicles for space （10) ▲ . Shuttles are also used to help put satellites into space.
参考答案
一．单词拼写
1. transport 2. steam 3. over 4. underground 5. boundary 6. choke
7. beneath 8. inconvenient 9. functioned 10. user-friendly. 11. authority
12．Underground 13．connection 14．washed 15．arising 16．aware
17．violating 18．up 19．cyclists 20．Safety
二．词形转换
1. comparison 2. effect 3. patience; impatient 4. concentrate 5. steadily
6. invitation; inviting 7. awareness; unaware 8. expected; expectation
9. permission 10. fortunate 11.connection 12. irresponsible 13.reliable
14.distance 15.expand 16.convenience 17.separately
三．选词填空
1. In addition to 2. lead to 3. causing trouble 4.choke her off 5. responsible for
6. in honor of 7. at a discount 8. make up for 9. got off 10. aimed at
11. arising from 12. speed up 13. make better use of 14. in the hope that
四．句型结构
1. linked up 2. accelerated the pace of 3. Generally speaking; at a discount
4. arising from the lack of 5. turned to us for help
五．语法应用
1-5AADCB 6-10 DAABB 11-15AADBB 16-20AD ABA 21-25 AAB BC
六．翻译句子
1. When I first undertook the project, I found the information confusing because I didn’t know how to organize it
2. I am disappointed that you are postponing your visit next week, but I expect I will see you soon.
3. Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work
4. Every means has been tired out, but it doesn’t work.
5. He picked up some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.
6. The storms washed away soil along the road and part of the road is still under repair.
7. The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased greatly over the past year.
8. We must all be aware of the potential causes of traffic accidents and act to prevent them.
9. Be careful not to step in the mud.
10. The doctor has been accused of violating professional ethics.
七．单项选择
1-5 DBBBC 6-10 BBCCB 11-15 BCDBD 16-20 ADACD
九．课文复述
Part A
1. ended 2.underground 3.linked. 4. user-friendly 5. in honor of
6. anniversary 7. transport 8. millon. 9. network 10. cards
Part B
1. reasons 2. suggestions 3. prepared 4. concentration 5. speeding
6. irresponsible/dangerous 7. apply 8. invitation 9. Ignoring 10.patient
十．Writing
On september22,2007, more than 100 cities in China joined the national No Car Day activity. People in these cities were encouraged to take public transport, ride bikes or walk to their destinations during this period.
The reasons for the campaign are as follows:
First, it goes without saying that this activity may help a little to ease the traffic jams. As is known to all, many cities in China suffer traffic jams. Cars are crawling bumper-to-bumper on the streets and the speed is very low. As a result, many people are late for work and students for school. Second, it is aimed at raising residents’ awareness about energy saving and environment protection because air pollution is very serious in some big cities.
As students, we should make people become aware of the importance of holding a “No Car Day”. Besides, we should persuade the car owners we are familiar with to use cares as little as possible and do our best to create environmentally friendly living conditions.
十一.任务型阅读
1. true 2. discovered/found 3. 1933 4. high 5. help 6. winner
7. succeeded 8. beat/defeated 9. cooperation/cooperating 10. travel
欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 www.
欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 www.