中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高一下学期期末模拟试卷一（适用北京地区）
一、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
An Unexpected Gift
Twelve-year-old Mathew Flores is different from other kids. He loves junk mail, and these advertisements were the only reading materials 1． to him. Once he asked his mailman if he could offer him some.
The question 2． the mailman. He asked the boy the reason, and then recorded his 3． in his Facebook. " Today while delivering mail, I saw a boy reading ads, and he asked me for extra mail. Actually he wants to go to the library, but his family is very poor and can' t 4． the bus. "
The mailman then asked his Facebook friends if they could 5． some books for the boy. He wrote, " Most kids want electronic products! But what he wants is books. It' s great to see his rare 6． , and you may have seen him smile when I said I could help him!" " He is counting on me," he concluded. " So I am counting on you!"
The mailman thought the Facebook post might 7． 50 to 60 books. But his 8． was passed on quickly. People from around the world, including the UK, Australia and India, have sent books. Hundreds of books have been delivered to the boy' s door, with hundreds more 9． on their way.
When books first started arriving, Flores was shocked by what happened. " I thought they were 10． , but they indeed were for me. " He says that he can' t wait to share the books with other kids, and has promised to read every one.
1．A． natural B． available C． common D． familiar
2．A． frightened B． disappointed C． surprised D． amused
3．A． response B． effort C． decision D． comment
4．A． own B． take C． share D． afford
5．A． adjust B． examine C． spare D． publish
6．A． desire B． effect C． purpose D． value
7．A． give away B． bring in C． take on D． put up
8．A． belief B． spirit C． secret D． request
9．A． only B． nearly C． still D． thus
10．A． mistaken B． helpless C． unusual D． awkward
【答案】1．B；2．C；3．A；4．D；5．C；6．A；7．B；8．D；9．C；10．A
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了邮递员无意间发现小男孩儿Mathew Flores因贫穷而只看不起书后，将他的故事发到在脸书上，网友们知道后，给小男孩送了好多爱心图书的故事。
【点评】考查短文填词。首先要通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺失的单词的含义，最后对选项进行对比分析，选出正确选项。完形填空的解题技巧如下。利用首句信息来推测语篇主旨；寻找提示信息，重视语境意义；识别语篇标志，理清逻辑关系；利用原词复现，寻找近义词语；利用背景知识来简化判断过程；注意习惯用语，熟记常见句型。
1．句意：他喜欢垃圾邮件，这些广告是他唯一能得到的阅读材料。A. natural 自然的；B. available可获得的； C. common共同的； D. familiar熟悉的。根据第二段中"but his family is very poor"可知小男孩之所以读这些垃圾邮件，是因为他的家庭太穷。所以这些广告是他唯一可获得的阅读材料。故选B。
2．句意：这个问题使邮递员大吃一惊。A. frightened害怕的；B. disappointed失望的； C. surprised 感到惊讶的；D. amused觉得好笑的。根据分析可知，垃圾邮件一向是人们不喜欢的，而小男孩却问邮递员要垃圾邮件，所以在下一句中 "He asked the boy the reason" 邮递员问小男孩这样做的原因。可知邮递员是感到惊讶的。故选C。
3．句意：他问了男孩原因，然后在脸书上记录了他的回答。A. response回答； B. effort努力；C. decision决定；D. comment评论。根据前文 "He asked the boy the reason" 可知，他问了小男孩为什么要这些垃圾邮件，所以这里应该是将小男孩的回答发到了脸书上，故选A。
4．句意：实际上他想去图书馆，但他的家庭很穷，付不起乘坐公共汽车的钱。A. own拥有； B. take 乘坐；C. share 分享；D. afford 付得起。根据"but his family is very poor"可知，小男孩的家庭很贫困，去图书馆但付不起乘坐公交车的钱。故选D。
5．句意：然后，这位邮递员问他脸书上的朋友们是否可以匀出一些书给小男孩。A. adjust 调整；B. examine 检查；C. spare 匀出 D. publish出版。根据下句"Most kids want electronic products! But what he wants is books "以及" some books for the boy."可知，由于小男孩想要书，所以邮递员想让脸书上的朋友们匀出一些自己的书给小男孩。故选C。
6．句意：遇见他这么罕见的心愿真是太好了，当我说我可以帮助他时，你可以想象他当时的笑容。A. desire心愿； B. effect 努力；C. purpose目的； D. value价值。根据上文中 "Most kids want electronic products! But what he wants is books"可知大部分的孩子都想要电子产品，而小男孩想要的却是书，他的愿望是很罕见的。故选A。
7．句意：邮差本认为脸书上的帖子可能会收获50到60本书。A. give away 分发；B. bring in 收获；C. take on承担； D. put up张贴。根据下文"People from around the world, including the UK, Australia and India, have sent books."以及"50 to 60 books. "可知，脸书上的帖子让他收获了很多书。邮差本认为脸书上的帖子可能会收获50到60本书。故选B。
8．句意：但他的请求在网上传播很快。A. belief 信仰；B. spirit 精神；C. secret 秘密；D. request请求。根据上文可知，邮递员向网友们请求捐一些书给小男孩，所以这里他发的帖子应该是请求帮助的，故选D。
9．句意：数百本的书已经送到了男孩的门口，还有数百本的书仍然在路上。A. only仅仅； B. nearly差不多； C. still 仍然；D. thus因此。根据上文"Hundreds of books have been delivered to the boy's door."以及"on their way"可知，有很多书都已经送到了男孩儿的门口，但还有很多书还没有送到。依旧在路上。故选C。
10．句意：当书开始陆续到达时，Flores被发生的事情震惊了："我以为他们弄错了，但他们确实是送给我的。" A. mistaken 弄错的；B. helpless无用的； C. unusual 不寻常的；D. awkward尴尬的。根据本句中的连接词but表示转折，可知，弗洛雷斯一开始很惊讶，以为书是别人寄错了的。但后来知道书的确是送给他的。故选A。
二、语法填空
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Everything happens for a reason. Nothing happens by chance or by means of good luck. Injury, 11． (ill), love, and lost moments of true greatness all occur to test the limits of your soul. 12． these, life would be like a straight flat road to nowhere. It would be safe and comfortable, 13． boring and completely pointless. The success and downfall you experience helps to create who you are and decide 14． you go.
【答案】11．illness；12．Without；13．but/ yet；14．where
【解析】【分析】本文是议论文。万事皆有因，生活中除了幸运快乐之外还有伤害、疾病和失去，这些考验使生活更有意义，帮助我们成长。
【点评】考查名词、连词、介词和连接副词。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
11．句意：伤害、疾病、爱以及失去真正伟大的时刻都是对你灵魂极限的考验。和Injury, love, lost moments并列在句中做主语，用名词。故填illness。
12．句意：没有这些小的考验，生活就像一条没有尽头的笔直平坦的道路。根据句意，此处表示"没有"，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Without。
13．句意：它虽然安全舒适，但枯燥无味，毫无意义。前后句是转折关系，故填but/ yet。
14．句意：你经历的成功和失败会帮助你塑造你自己，决定你要去哪里。动词decide后是宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Confucius (孔子), born in the district of Zou, near today' s Qufu city in Shandong province, was an educator and philosopher (哲学家) 15． founded Confucianism, a school of thought that deeply influenced later generations. He was the first Chinese to set up private schools and enroll students from all walks of life. Confucius 16． (see) as a symbol of China' s traditional culture. Nowadays, Qufu holds memorial events every year 17． (honor) him and popularize his theory to the younger generations.
【答案】15．who/that；16．is seem/ has been seen；17．to honor
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了孔子。
【点评】考查定语从句的关系代词、谓语动词的时态和语态以及非谓语动词（动词不定式）。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
15．句意：孔子，出生在邹县，靠近今天的山东省曲阜市，是一位伟大的教育学家和哲学家，他创立了儒家思想，一个对后世影响深远的思想流派。分析句子可知，这是一个定语从句，空格处需要填关系代词，又因为定语从句的先行词是指人，用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。
16．句意：孔子被认为是中国传统文化的一个标志。分析句子可知，句中主语孔子与动词see是被动关系，且根据语境，动词时态也有两种可能：一是被认为是中国传统文化的一个标志是讲述一个客观事实，可以用一般现在时，且主语Confucius是第三人称单数，空格处可以填一般现在时态的被动语态is seen；二是被认为是中国传统文化的一个标志是从过去就有，到现在依旧是这样的情况，就可以用现在完成时，且主语Confucius是第三人称单数，空格处可以填现在完成时态的被动语态has been seen。故填is seen/ has been seen。
17．句意：如今，曲阜每年都会举办纪念活动来纪念他，并向年轻一代普及他的理论。分析句子可知，句中已经有动词作谓语了，honor用非谓语形式，且在句中作状语，表目的，就需用动词不定式来作目的状语。故填to honor。
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Esias Bedingar always knew he wanted to study medicine. After 18． (decide) to experience a new culture, he came from Africa to the USA. There was one challenge: He 19． (speak) no English. But within just four months, he completed the ESL program. Three years later, he finished his undergraduate degree and was accepted to Harvard University, where he is pursuing a master' s degree in public health. He said it was 20． (he) dream that got him to Harvard.
【答案】18．deciding；19．spoke；20．his
【解析】【分析】这是记叙文，讲述了Esias Bedingar从非洲来到美国，尽管不会说英语，但是仅仅用4个月时间就完成了ESL课程的经历。
【点评】考查非谓语动词（动名词）、一般过去时以及形容词性物主代词。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
18．句意：在决定体验一种新文化之后，他从非洲来到了美国。after为介词后接动名词。故填deciding。
19．句意：有一个挑战：他不会说英语。文章叙述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时；speak是不规则变化动词，过去式为spoke。故填spoke。
20．句意：他说是他的梦想让他进了哈佛大学。修饰名词dream，应用形容词性物主代词；he是主格，形容词性物主代词为his，意思为"他的"。故填his。
三、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
To: David Russel＜drusell@mmail. org＞ From: Alyssa Meller＜ameller@＞ Date: January 12 Subject: Meetings
Dear Mr. Russel, Welcome to work here for a few days. I am writing to let you know that Roger Williams, one of our staff members, will pick you up at the airport on Sunday evening. We have a hotel arrangement for you just next to our office building. As a popular writer of children' s literature, you will be giving a presentation in our boardroom. All of us are expecting the new contents in your books, which will surely include your understanding of children' s literature. We hope to learn more from you about how to efficiently organize contents and develop written communication skills. At your request, I was about to arrange several meetings with your coauthors to discuss revisions to your series of children' s stories, which will be an important part during your stay here. Because of the tight schedule, you will probably have some busy days here. But we will try our best to ensure that you can have a high efficiency. All details are provided below. Mon. 9:00 a. m. Presentation on new contents11:00 a. m. Lunch meeting with Thomas Wood (illustrator)Tue. 9:30 a. m. Breakfast with Gary Willson (book designer)11:20 a. m. Conference call with Scott West (the CEO of Walter Publishing)2:00 p. m. Meeting with Hank Willis about some of the chaptersWed. 9:00 a. m. Meeting with Georg Hoffmann to translate some documents into English11:00 a. m. Editing session with Jose Wright
After the final meeting on Wednesday, we will drive you to West Town Station by 4:00 p. m. Your train from the station to the airport will depart at 4:30 p. m. and your flight is scheduled to leave at 6:10 p. m. If there is anything unsuitable for the arrangement, please let me know and we will adjust the schedule as soon as possible. Looking forward to meeting you next week. Alyssa
21．What is the purpose of the email
A．To provide a work schedule.
B．To make a travel arrangement.
C．To propose an adaptation of the storybooks.
D．To inform Mr. Russel of a schedule change.
22．What can we learn about Mr. Russel
A．He is attending a book fair.
B．He is drafting a research proposal.
C．He is advertising children' s storybooks.
D．He is working with others on a project.
23．When is Mr. Russel expected to discuss the contents of his storybooks
A．At 11:00 a. m. on Monday.
B．At 11:20 a. m. on Tuesday.
C．At 2:00 p. m. on Tuesday.
D．At 9:00 a. m. on Wednesday.
【答案】21．A
22．D
23．C
【解析】【分析】本文是应用文。这是Alyssa Meller写给儿童作家David Russel的一封邮件，介绍了工作安排，活动内容和时间安排等事项。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做判断推理题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。
21．推理判断题。根据第一段的"Because of the tight schedule, you will probably have some busy days here. But we will try our best to ensure that you can have a high efficiency. All details are provided below.( 由于日程安排紧张，你可能会在这里有一些繁忙的日子。但我们会尽力确保你能有一个高效率。所有细节如下)"可推断，这封邮件的目的是为了提供一个工作安排表。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据第一段的"At your request, I was about to arrange several meetings with your coauthors to discuss revisions to your series of children's stories, which will be an important part during your stay here.（应您的要求，我打算安排几次与您的合著者的会议，讨论您的一系列儿童故事的修订，这将是您在这里逗留期间的一个重要部分。）"可知，Russell正在和别人一起做一个项目。故选D。
23．细节理解题。根据表格中提到的"Tue.2:00 p.m."和"Meeting with Hank Willis about some of the chapters（和Hank Willis讨论一些章节）"可知，星期二下午两点，Russell先生将讨论他的故事书的内容。故选C。
阅读理解
Elon Musk is a symbol of passion, hard work and success. A person may work hard in his life, but when hard work goes along with passion and a new idea, then something is created that astonishes the world. As the founder of big companies like PayPal, SpaceX and Tesla Motors, Elon Musk is a guide and inspiration for the youth around the world.
Elon Musk was born on June 28, 1971 in Pretoria, South Africa. He was the eldest of three children. His father Errol Musk, a British-born South African, was an engineer. Musk spent his childhood in South Africa and at the age of 9, he got his first personal computer. This got Elon interested in programming and he started to learn on his own. At the age of 12, he made his first computer game, Blaster, which earned him $500 when he sold the source code to a magazine.
When he was 17, he decided to leave home and had wanted to move to the United States after graduating from a secondary school in Pretoria. However, he was unable to move to the United States. In 1989, Elon Musk moved to Canada, where his mother's relatives lived. After obtaining Canadian citizenship, Musk went to Montreal. Due to a lack of money, he found a low-paying job. At the age of 19, he entered Queens University in Kingston, Ontario, studying there for two years. Finally, in 1992, his dream came true—he moved to the United States.
As a teenager, Musk struggled with depression. But then he realized that the most important thing was presenting himself with the right questions. The day he started doing this, everything started to get easier.
Musk thought that a human being had to expand the limits of his consciousness—to ask the right questions and get answers to them; thus he asked the best question of all: what will have the greatest impact on the future of humans Musk found that these things were the Internet and space exploration.
The life of Elon Musk is inspiring. He found success on the Internet, without much formal learning. By reading books and using his willpower and dedication, he reached a level of knowledge that is difficult to imagine. He did not give up until he achieved his dreams. Elon Musk truly stands out among other billionaires because of his leadership abilities, positive attitude, ability to know when to take risks, and belief in futuristic technologies.
24．According to the passage, Elon Musk gained knowledge of computer by____.
A．teaching himself B．learning from his father
C．taking online courses D．studying in Queens University
25．What made things easier for Elon Musk when he suffered from depression ____
A．Expanding knowledge by reading books.
B．Asking himself the right questions.
C．Achieving success on the Internet.
D．Designing computer games.
26．What can we learn from the passage ____
A．It's never too late to learn.
B．Youth means limitless possibilities.
C．Where there's a will, there's a way.
D．He who doesn't advance falls backward.
【答案】24．A
25．B
26．C
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了PayPal、SpaceX、特斯拉汽车等大公司的创始人Elon Musk的个人经历，讲述了Musk通过自学获得了计算机知识，通过自身不懈努力、与抑郁症作斗争最终取得成功的故事。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段中"This got Elon interested in programming and he started to learn on his own.(这让Elon对编程产生了兴趣，他开始自学)"可知，Elon Musk通过自学获得了计算机知识。故选A。
25．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"Musk thought that a human being had to expand the limits of his consciousness—to ask the right questions and get answers to them; thus he asked the best question of all: what will have the greatest impact on the future of humans Musk found that these things were the Internet and space exploration.(十几岁的时候，Musk一直在与抑郁症作斗争。但后来他意识到，最重要的是向自己提出正确的问题。从他开始这么做的那天起，一切都变得容易了)"可知，当Elon Musk患上抑郁症时，他通过问自己正确的问题让事情变得更容易。故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据文章主要讲述了PayPal、SpaceX、特斯拉汽车等大公司的创始人Elon Musk的个人经历，讲述了Musk通过自学获得了计算机知识，通过自身不懈努力、与抑郁症作斗争最终取得成功的故事。可推知，文章告诉了我们"有志者，事竟成"的道理。故选C。
阅读理解
Will chatbots that can generate fascinating articles destroy education as we know it
New York City's Department of Education recently banned (禁止) the use of ChatGPT. "While the tool may be able to provide quick and easy answers to questions," says the official statement, "it does not build critical-thinking skills, which are necessary for academic and lifelong success. "
Banning such use of technology from the classroom is a nearsighted response. Instead, we must find a way forward in which such technologies combine well with, rather than replace, student thinking.
Banning ChatGPT is impossible in practice. Students will find ways around the ban, which will cause a further defensive response from teachers and administrators, and so on. It's hard to believe that a close race between those digital natives and their educators will end in a decisive victory for the latter. In fact, chatbots may well speed up a trend (趋向) toward valuing critical thinking. In a world where computers can fluently answer any question, students need to get much better at deciding what questions to ask and how to fact-check the answers the program generates.
So how do we encourage young people to use their minds when real thinking is so hard to tell apart from its simulacrum (假象) Teachers, of course, will still want to watch students taking old-fashioned, in-person, no-chatbot-allowed exams to check that they do not cheat.
But we must also figure out how to do something new: how to use tools like GPT to inspire deeper thinking. GPT often generates text that is fluent and "reasonable"—but wrong. So using it requires the same mental heavy lifting that writing does: forming an opinion, creating an outline, picking which points to explain and which to drop, and looking for supporting facts. GPT can help with those tasks, but it can't put them all together. Writing a good essay still requires lots of human thought and work. Indeed, writing is thinking, and good writing is good thinking.
One approach is to focus on the process as much as the result. For instance, teachers might require four drafts of an essay. After all, as John McPhee, the famous writer, said, "the central nature of the process is revision. " Each draft gets feedback from the teacher, from peers or even from a chatbot. Then the students produce the next draft, and so on.
Will AI one day outperform human beings in thinking Maybe, but for now, we must think for ourselves. Like any tool, GPT is an enemy of thinking only if we fail to find ways to make it our partner.
27．How does the author feel about the ban
A．Understandable. B．Irresponsible.
C．Unwise. D．Necessary.
28．Why is it impossible to ban ChatGPT in practice
A．Because students are digitally fluent.
B．Because schools will defend the ban.
C．Because ChatGPT will keep developing.
D．Because people treasure critical thinking.
29．How does the author explain his idea in Paragraph 6
A．By quoting others. B．By presenting facts.
C．By giving examples. D．By showing similarities.
30．What is the passage mainly about
A．Is GPT a process or a result
B．Will GPT outperform students
C．Why Chatbots become a new trend
D．How can Chatbots serve education
【答案】27．C
28．A
29．B
30．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，针对纽约市教育部门最近禁止使用ChatGPT的事件，作者进行了分析和讨论，并认为禁止在课堂上使用这种技术是一种目光短浅的反应，使用ChatGPT依然需要人类进行理性思维和判断，甚至对人类的批判思考能力有更高的要求，我们应该学会很好地利用这种技术而不是禁止它。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
27．考查推理判断。根据第三段"Banning such use of technology from the classroom is a nearsighted response. Instead, we must find a way forward in which such technologies combine well with, rather than replace, student thinking."禁止在课堂上使用这种技术是一种目光短浅的反应。相反，我们必须找到一条前进的道路，让这些技术与学生的思维很好地结合在一起，而不是取代学生的思维。可知，作者认为这一禁令很不明智。故选C。
28．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Students will find ways around the ban, which will cause a further defensive response from teachers and administrators, and so on."学生们会找到绕开禁令的方法，这将引起教师和管理人员进一步的防御性反应，等等。可知，不可能在实践中禁止ChatGPT是因为学生们对数字技术很精通。故选A。
29．考查推理判断。根据第六段中的"GPT often generates text that is fluent and‘reasonable' — but wrong. So using it requires the same mental heavy lifting that writing does: forming an opinion, creating an outline, picking which points to explain and which to drop, and looking for supporting facts. GPT can help with those tasks, but it can't put them all together. Writing a good essay still requires lots of human thought and work. Indeed, writing is thinking, and good writing is good thinking."GPT通常生成流畅且"合理"的文本，但却是错误的。因此，使用它需要和写作一样的脑力劳动：形成观点，创建大纲，选择要解释哪些要点，哪些要点要放弃，寻找支持事实。GPT可以帮助完成这些任务，但它不能把它们放在一起。写一篇好文章仍然需要很多人的思考和工作。的确，写作就是思考，好的写作就是好的思考。可知，作者通过陈述事实来解释他的观点。故选B。
30．考查主旨大意。根据第一段"Will chatbots that can generate fascinating articles destroy education as we know it "聊天机器人是否会像我们所知道的那样摧毁教育？；以及最后一段"Will AI one day outperform human beings in thinking Maybe, but for now, we must think for ourselves. Like any tool, GPT is an enemy of thinking only if we fail to find ways to make it our partner."人工智能有一天会超越人类的思维能力吗？也许吧，但现在，我们必须为自己考虑。像任何工具一样，只有当我们找不到方法让它成为我们的伙伴时，GPT才是思考的敌人。可知，文章主要是讲人工智能是否有一天会超越人类的思维能力从而摧毁教育。故选B。
阅读理解
Episodic memory(情景记忆）allows humans to revisit past personal experiences in their minds, and it was once thought to be a special skill of humans. Although there are still arguments about the extent of this type of memory in non-human animals, scientists have proved that creatures like rats and dogs can pass tests that are developed to assess episodic memory over the past two decades. "Curiously, there is a lack of research investigating dolphins' episodic memory,"University of Cambridge cognitive(认知的) scientist James Davies says. Therefore,this surprising fact encourages him to fill this gap.
The team used "where" and "who" questions in their research, each on a different test. Each dolphin was first trained to retrieve a ball from the water, and then trained to get a ball by approaching a person holding it in front of them while ignoring an empty-handed person standing at a different spot. During this training,the locations were randomized(使随机化)and the person holding the ball differed each time, so that those details were irrelevant to learning the retrieving behavior. Then, for the tests, the dolphins were asked to retrieve the ball as they had learned to do, but after 10 minutes, something changed--this time, the ball couldn't be seen, as it was now behind one of the two people's backs. In the "where" tests, the ball was hidden in the same spot as in the training, but both people had been changed, while in the "who" tests, the locations of the people changed but the ball remained with the person who'd had it previously.
Eight dolphins went through each of the two tests, separated by at least 48 hours. All the dolphins got it right in choosing the correct spot on the "where" experiments, and seven achieved success on the "who" experiments.
Kelly Jaakkola, a psychologist, says that based on their cognitive skills, dolphins are a good candidate for having episodic-like memory, and this study goes really far in showing that. She also says, "The more we look for such capabilities in non-human animals, the more species we'll likely find them in. " She adds,"An exciting question is therefore 'Where do we draw that line Which animals do have it, which animals don't, and what sort of cognitive or neurological or social characteristics do those animals share 'That's going to be the fun part of the game,"
31．What does the underlined word "retrieve" in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Fetch. B．Move. C．Throw. D．Play.
32．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．The locations of the people involved in the tests.
B．The memory tasks that dolphins need to perform.
C．The ability of dolphins to communicate with humans.
D．The dolphins' characteristics related to their memory processing.
33．What can be inferred from the passage
A．Dolphins pass the tests as a result of training.
B．It is very likely that dolphins are affected by people during the tests.
C．Scientists will probably find episodic memory in all non-human animals.
D．The influence of dolphins' familiarity with a location or a person is avoided.
34．Which would be the best title for the passage
A．Dolphins Are the Most Intelligent Animals
B．Dolphins May Remember Personal Experiences
C．Episodic Memory Is Important for Humans and Animals
D．A Scientific Method Is Used to Study Dolphins' Memory
【答案】31．A
32．B
33．D
34．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，海豚可能拥有情景记忆。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
31．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"The team used ‘where' and ‘who' questions in their research, each on a different test."研究小组在他们的研究中使用了"在哪里"和"谁"两个问题，每个问题都在不同的测试中使用；以及"Each dolphin was first trained to retrieve a ball from the water, and then trained to get a ball by approaching a person holding it in front of them while ignoring an empty-handed person standing at a different spot. "每只海豚首先被训练从水中retrieve一个球，然后被训练通过接近一个拿着球的人而忽略站在不同位置的一个空手的人来获得一个球。可知，实验测试海豚的情景记忆，即识别"哪里"和"谁"的概念。可推知，retrieve与下文get意思相近，即每只海豚首先被训练从水中获取一个球，然后被训练通过接近一个拿着球的人而忽略站在不同位置的一个空手的人来获得一个球。retrieve是"获取"之意，故选A。
32．考查段落大意。根据第二段中的"During this training, the locations were randomized(使随机化) and the person holding the ball differed each time, so that those details were irrelevant to learning the retrieving behavior. Then, for the tests, the dolphins were asked to retrieve the ball as they had learned to do, but after 10 minutes, something changed-this time, the ball couldn't be seen, as it was now behind one of the two people's backs. In the ‘where' tests, the ball was hidden in the same spot as in the training, but both people had been changed, while in the ‘who' tests, the locations of the people changed but the ball remained with the person who'd had it previously."在这次训练中，地点是随机的，每次拿球的人都不一样，所以这些细节与学习取球行为无关。然后，在测试中，海豚被要求像它们学会的那样去捡球，但是10分钟后，情况发生了变化——这一次，球看不见了，因为它现在在两个人中的一个人的背后。在"哪里"测试中，球藏在与训练中相同的位置，但是两个人都被改变了，而在"谁"测试中，人的位置改变了，但是球仍然在之前拥有它的人手中。可知，第二段主要介绍了海豚需要完成的记忆任务。故选B。
33．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"In the ‘where tests, the ball was hidden in the same spot as in the training, but both people had been changed, while in the ‘who' tests, the locations of the people changed but the ball remained with the person who'd had it previously."在"哪里"测试中，球藏在与训练中相同的位置，但是两个人都被改变了，而在"谁"测试中，人的位置改变了，但是球仍然在之前拥有它的人手中。可推知，实验中避开了海豚熟悉某个地点或某个人的影响，故选D。
34．考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的"Kelly Jaakkola, a psychologist, says that based on their cognitive skills, dolphins are a good candidate for having episodic-like memory, and this study goes really far in showing that. "心理学家Kelly Jaakkola说，基于它们的认知能力，海豚是拥有情节性记忆的很好的候选者，而这项研究表明了这一点。可知，本文介绍了研究表明，海豚可能拥有情景记忆，"海豚可能记得个人经历"适合作文章标题，故选B。
四、阅读七选五
根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Fear of Missing Out
It's a common experience: You're scrolling through a social media page, and you see pictures of friends traveling or going to parties. Suddenly you start to wonder why you're not doing those things. Are you missing out on something fun and exciting because you're locked into everyday life This experience has come to be known as the fear of missing out, sometimes abbreviated(缩写) FOMO. 35． But with the rise of social media, FOMO is becoming much more common.
Wanting to be in on the fun when exciting things are happening is completely normal. But for some people, it can lead to an addiction to checking their phones to find out what other people are doing. Even while doing things that are fun or necessary, people can feel like there's something better going on elsewhere. This urge to connect can lead them to disconnect from the people they are actually with. 36． It can even be dangerous; some people try to check messages while driving.
Remember that what people choose to post on social media does not necessarily reflect their life overall. People tend to pick and choose the things they share, so we only ever know a small part of anyone else's life.
37． You cannot be everywhere and do everything that might be interesting or productive, and that's OK.
It might even be necessary to turn off your phone or log out of social media for a while. 38． You can even set particular times in your day to check email and social media. By stepping away for a time, you can help keep other people's lives in perspective.
Finally, focus on the things in front of you. Enjoy them, do them well and let everything else go. 39．
Don't let the fear of missing out cause you to miss out on the good things you have in life. Relax, enjoy what you do and let other people enjoy their lives without envying them.
A. To some extent, people have always worried about missing out on things.
B. Without the social media you will get unconnected with the whole world.
C. It also prevents them from being satisfied with the good things in their lives.
D. When you fully engage with life, you'll worry less about what you're not doing.
E. Get rid of the constant reminders of everything that's happening in the world.
F. It's difficult to connect with the reasons why you choose not to participate.
G. It's also important to be humble and acknowledge your limitations.
【答案】35．A；36．C；37．G；38．E；39．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了"错失恐惧症"的定义，表现、影响和解决方法。
【点评】考查任务型阅读（七选五）。解题时，要求考生注意通读整篇文章，把握整段脉络，理出文章的中心，分析段落之间和段落内部的层次。选项与前后句之间的逻辑关系是确定答案的主要依据。可以从意思、关键词、关联词来分析段落之间以及段落内部的逻辑关系。
35．上文"Are you missing out on something fun and exciting because you're locked into everyday life This experience has come to be known as the fear of missing out, sometimes abbreviated FOMO.（你是否因为被困在日常生活中而错过了一些有趣和令人兴奋的事情 这种经历被称为"害怕错过"，有时简称为"错失恐惧症"。）"说明人们总是害怕错过一些东西。A选项To some extent, people have always worried about missing out on things.（在某种程度上，人们总是担心会错过一些东西。）符合文意。 missing out是关键词。故选A。
36．上文"This urge to connect can lead them to disconnect from the people they are actually with.（这种联系的冲动会导致他们与真正在一起的人断开联系。）"说明社交控有着消极影响。下文"It can even be dangerous:some people try to check messages while driving.（这甚至可能是危险的:有些人试图在开车时查看信息。）"依旧说明社交控的消极影响。C选项It also prevents them from being satisfied with the good things in their lives.（这也会阻止他们对生活中美好的事物感到满足。）符合文意。 prevents them from being satisfied with the good things 呼应disconnect from the people和It can even be dangerous。故选C。
37．下文"You cannot be everywhere and do everything that might be interesting or productive, and that's OK.（你不可能无处不在，做每件有趣或有成效的事情，但那也没关系。）"说明人要认识到自身的局限性。G选项It's also important to be humble and acknowledge your limitations.（谦逊并承认自己的局限性也很重要。）符合下文文意。You cannot be everywhere and do everything呼应 acknowledge your limitations。故选G。
38．上文"It might even be necessary to turn off your phone or log out of social media for a while. （甚至有必要关掉手机或暂时退出社交媒体。）"说明我们需要摆脱提醒自己世界上发生事情的物品，填空处与暂时退出社交媒体有关。E选项Get rid of the constant reminders of everything that's happening in the world.（摆脱那些不断提醒你世界上正在发生的一切事情的东西。）符合文意。Get rid of 呼应turn off your phone or log out of social media。故选E。
39．上文"Finally, focus on the things in front of you. Enjoy them, do them well and let everything else go.（最后，把注意力集中在你面前的事物上。享受它们，做好它们，让其他的一切都过去。）"说明我们要集中注意在面前的事情上，填空处与集中注意有关。D选项When you fully engage with life, you'll worry less about what you're not doing.（当你完全投入到生活中，你就不会那么担心你没有做什么。）说明集中注意的积极影响，符合文意。故选D。
五、书面表达
第一节 阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息, 完成对该问题的回答。
The Secret to Improving Your Memory
If you want to improve your memory, you need to know how your brain works. You might be surprised to hear that your lifestyle habits might be making it difficult for you to correctly record each piece of information, experience, or learning.
It would appear that the secret to improving your memory is really simple. It's to take breaks. As a matter of fact, the brain has more limited energy resources than you probably think. Therefore, it tires quickly and its levels of attention begin to drop after about 30 to 45 minutes.
The hippocampus （海马体） is the area of your brain that's responsible for consolidating （巩固） your short-term memories in the long term. Furthermore, for this consolidation to be possible, there must be an connection with different regions of the cerebral cortex （大脑皮层）. Currently, we know that, for best connectivity, we must rest. Therefore, factors such as tiredness, negative feelings, or stress make it difficult to connect one area to the other. Studies found taking breaks of between nine and 15 minutes improves memory, both in healthy people and in those with neurological damage.
However, there's one small detail that's important. The rest must be real rest. In other words, you should go to a quiet space and not have any distractions （分心的事） around you. This includes not having your cell phone nearby. The secret to improving your memory requires you to rest for between ten and 15 minutes leaving your mind completely empty. In fact, knowing how to rest is decisive for your cognitive function, balancing your emotions, and renewing your energy.
Your lifestyle plays an extremely important role in the way your memory functions. Rest isn't wasting time. In fact, allowing yourself small breaks is investing in your health and well-being.
40．What is the secret to improve your memory
41．What factors may influence the connection between different regions of cerebral cortex
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Taking rests is important for your memory and spending about 15 minutes in playing with your phone will help improve it.
43．In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what else can you do to improve your memory （ In about 40 words）
【答案】40．Taking breaks.
41．Tiredness, negative feelings, and stress.
42．Taking rests is important for your memory and spending about 15 minutes in playing with your phone will help improve it. According to the passage, when taking rests, you should go to a quiet space and not have any distractions around you. This includes not having your cell phone nearby. So you can't play with your phone.
43．Firstly, when studying, I will focus my attention and don't think about other things. Secondly, I try to understand what I am learning. By doing so, I can remember things for a long time.
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍提高记忆的方法——适当休息。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和开放性试题两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，概括和归纳，从而写出正确答案。
40．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"It would appear that the secret to improving your memory is really simple. It's to take breaks."看来，提高记忆力的秘诀其实很简单。这是休息。可知，提高记忆的秘诀就是休息。故答案为Taking breaks.
41．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Currently, we know that, for best connectivity, we must rest. Therefore, factors such as tiredness, negative feelings, or stress make it difficult to connect one area to the other."目前，我们知道，为了实现最佳连接，我们必须休息。因此，疲劳、消极情绪或压力等因素使我们很难将一个领域与另一个领域联系起来。可知，疲劳、消极情绪或压力等因素会影响大脑皮层不同区域之间的联系。故答案为Tiredness, negative feelings, and stress.
42．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"However, there's one small detail that's important. The rest must be real rest. In other words, you should go to a quiet space and not have any distractions (分心的事) around you. This includes not having your cell phone nearby."然而，有一个小细节很重要。休息必须是真正的休息。换句话说，你应该去一个安静的地方，周围没有任何干扰。这包括不要把手机放在附近。可知，休息的时候不应把手机放在身旁，它会干扰你，所以休息的时候不可以玩手机。故答案为Taking rests is important for your memory and spending about 15 minutes in playing with your phone will help improve it. Because when taking rests, you should go to a quiet space and not have any distractions around you. This includes not having your cell phone nearby. So you can't playing with your phone.
43．考查开放性试题。除了文中提到的内容外，你还能做些什么来提高记忆力？考生言之有理即可，注意词数。参考答案为：Firstly, when studying, I will focus my attention and don't think about other things. Secondly, I try to understand what I are learning. By doing so, I can remember things for a long time. Thirdly, by going over what I have learned in time, I will not forget the things easily.
第二节 44．假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你校正在举办"中国传统文化日"活动。你打算邀请外教Mr. Smith来参加此次活动。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 介绍活动(时间、地点、安排等)；
2. 邀请参加。
注意：1. 词数不少于100；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Smith,
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】One possible version:
Dear Mr. Smith,
I am Li Hua, a high school student from Red Star Middle School. Our school is going to hold an activity called The Chinese Traditional Culture Day on April 23, from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. at the school's multi-function hall.The purpose of the activity is to improve the understanding of Chinese traditional culture. We have several cultural activity stations like calligraphy, drawing, martial arts, and Chinese traditional costume show. For each station, there will be a professional coach and student representatives to introduce to the audiences. I am writing to invite you to join us and share your views on Chinese traditional culture. Since you are experienced and knowledgeable about Chinese culture, I believe your participation in our activity would be highly appreciated. I am looking forward to your early response.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以红星中学高一学生李华的身份写一封电子邮件。写作背景：你校正在举办"中国传统文化日"活动。你打算邀请外教Mr. Smith来参加此次活动。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括： 1. 介绍活动(时间、地点、安排等)；2. 邀请参加。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：I am Li Hua, a high school student from Red Star Middle School.运用了同位语； The purpose of the activity is to improve the understanding of Chinese traditional culture. 运用了不定式作表语； For each station, there will be a professional coach and student representatives to introduce to the audiences.运用了there be句式； Since you are experienced and knowledgeable about Chinese culture, I believe your participation in our activity would be highly appreciated. 运用了原因状语从句，宾语从句。
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高一下学期期末模拟试卷一（适用北京地区）
一、完形填空(每题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
An Unexpected Gift
Twelve-year-old Mathew Flores is different from other kids. He loves junk mail, and these advertisements were the only reading materials 1． to him. Once he asked his mailman if he could offer him some.
The question 2． the mailman. He asked the boy the reason, and then recorded his 3． in his Facebook. " Today while delivering mail, I saw a boy reading ads, and he asked me for extra mail. Actually he wants to go to the library, but his family is very poor and can' t 4． the bus. "
The mailman then asked his Facebook friends if they could 5． some books for the boy. He wrote, " Most kids want electronic products! But what he wants is books. It' s great to see his rare 6． , and you may have seen him smile when I said I could help him!" " He is counting on me," he concluded. " So I am counting on you!"
The mailman thought the Facebook post might 7． 50 to 60 books. But his 8． was passed on quickly. People from around the world, including the UK, Australia and India, have sent books. Hundreds of books have been delivered to the boy' s door, with hundreds more 9． on their way.
When books first started arriving, Flores was shocked by what happened. " I thought they were 10． , but they indeed were for me. " He says that he can' t wait to share the books with other kids, and has promised to read every one.
1．A． natural B． available C． common D． familiar
2．A． frightened B． disappointed C． surprised D． amused
3．A． response B． effort C． decision D． comment
4．A． own B． take C． share D． afford
5．A． adjust B． examine C． spare D． publish
6．A． desire B． effect C． purpose D． value
7．A． give away B． bring in C． take on D． put up
8．A． belief B． spirit C． secret D． request
9．A． only B． nearly C． still D． thus
10．A． mistaken B． helpless C． unusual D． awkward
二、语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Everything happens for a reason. Nothing happens by chance or by means of good luck. Injury, 11． (ill), love, and lost moments of true greatness all occur to test the limits of your soul. 12． these, life would be like a straight flat road to nowhere. It would be safe and comfortable, 13． boring and completely pointless. The success and downfall you experience helps to create who you are and decide 14． you go.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Confucius (孔子), born in the district of Zou, near today' s Qufu city in Shandong province, was an educator and philosopher (哲学家) 15． founded Confucianism, a school of thought that deeply influenced later generations. He was the first Chinese to set up private schools and enroll students from all walks of life. Confucius 16． (see) as a symbol of China' s traditional culture. Nowadays, Qufu holds memorial events every year 17． (honor) him and popularize his theory to the younger generations.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Esias Bedingar always knew he wanted to study medicine. After 18． (decide) to experience a new culture, he came from Africa to the USA. There was one challenge: He 19． (speak) no English. But within just four months, he completed the ESL program. Three years later, he finished his undergraduate degree and was accepted to Harvard University, where he is pursuing a master' s degree in public health. He said it was 20． (he) dream that got him to Harvard.
三、阅读理解(每题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
To: David Russel＜drusell@mmail. org＞ From: Alyssa Meller＜ameller@＞ Date: January 12 Subject: Meetings
Dear Mr. Russel, Welcome to work here for a few days. I am writing to let you know that Roger Williams, one of our staff members, will pick you up at the airport on Sunday evening. We have a hotel arrangement for you just next to our office building. As a popular writer of children' s literature, you will be giving a presentation in our boardroom. All of us are expecting the new contents in your books, which will surely include your understanding of children' s literature. We hope to learn more from you about how to efficiently organize contents and develop written communication skills. At your request, I was about to arrange several meetings with your coauthors to discuss revisions to your series of children' s stories, which will be an important part during your stay here. Because of the tight schedule, you will probably have some busy days here. But we will try our best to ensure that you can have a high efficiency. All details are provided below. Mon. 9:00 a. m. Presentation on new contents11:00 a. m. Lunch meeting with Thomas Wood (illustrator)Tue. 9:30 a. m. Breakfast with Gary Willson (book designer)11:20 a. m. Conference call with Scott West (the CEO of Walter Publishing)2:00 p. m. Meeting with Hank Willis about some of the chaptersWed. 9:00 a. m. Meeting with Georg Hoffmann to translate some documents into English11:00 a. m. Editing session with Jose Wright
After the final meeting on Wednesday, we will drive you to West Town Station by 4:00 p. m. Your train from the station to the airport will depart at 4:30 p. m. and your flight is scheduled to leave at 6:10 p. m. If there is anything unsuitable for the arrangement, please let me know and we will adjust the schedule as soon as possible. Looking forward to meeting you next week. Alyssa
21．What is the purpose of the email
A．To provide a work schedule.
B．To make a travel arrangement.
C．To propose an adaptation of the storybooks.
D．To inform Mr. Russel of a schedule change.
22．What can we learn about Mr. Russel
A．He is attending a book fair.
B．He is drafting a research proposal.
C．He is advertising children' s storybooks.
D．He is working with others on a project.
23．When is Mr. Russel expected to discuss the contents of his storybooks
A．At 11:00 a. m. on Monday.
B．At 11:20 a. m. on Tuesday.
C．At 2:00 p. m. on Tuesday.
D．At 9:00 a. m. on Wednesday.
B
Elon Musk is a symbol of passion, hard work and success. A person may work hard in his life, but when hard work goes along with passion and a new idea, then something is created that astonishes the world. As the founder of big companies like PayPal, SpaceX and Tesla Motors, Elon Musk is a guide and inspiration for the youth around the world.
Elon Musk was born on June 28, 1971 in Pretoria, South Africa. He was the eldest of three children. His father Errol Musk, a British-born South African, was an engineer. Musk spent his childhood in South Africa and at the age of 9, he got his first personal computer. This got Elon interested in programming and he started to learn on his own. At the age of 12, he made his first computer game, Blaster, which earned him $500 when he sold the source code to a magazine.
When he was 17, he decided to leave home and had wanted to move to the United States after graduating from a secondary school in Pretoria. However, he was unable to move to the United States. In 1989, Elon Musk moved to Canada, where his mother's relatives lived. After obtaining Canadian citizenship, Musk went to Montreal. Due to a lack of money, he found a low-paying job. At the age of 19, he entered Queens University in Kingston, Ontario, studying there for two years. Finally, in 1992, his dream came true—he moved to the United States.
As a teenager, Musk struggled with depression. But then he realized that the most important thing was presenting himself with the right questions. The day he started doing this, everything started to get easier.
Musk thought that a human being had to expand the limits of his consciousness—to ask the right questions and get answers to them; thus he asked the best question of all: what will have the greatest impact on the future of humans Musk found that these things were the Internet and space exploration.
The life of Elon Musk is inspiring. He found success on the Internet, without much formal learning. By reading books and using his willpower and dedication, he reached a level of knowledge that is difficult to imagine. He did not give up until he achieved his dreams. Elon Musk truly stands out among other billionaires because of his leadership abilities, positive attitude, ability to know when to take risks, and belief in futuristic technologies.
24．According to the passage, Elon Musk gained knowledge of computer by____.
A．teaching himself B．learning from his father
C．taking online courses D．studying in Queens University
25．What made things easier for Elon Musk when he suffered from depression ____
A．Expanding knowledge by reading books.
B．Asking himself the right questions.
C．Achieving success on the Internet.
D．Designing computer games.
26．What can we learn from the passage ____
A．It's never too late to learn.
B．Youth means limitless possibilities.
C．Where there's a will, there's a way.
D．He who doesn't advance falls backward.
C
Will chatbots that can generate fascinating articles destroy education as we know it
New York City's Department of Education recently banned (禁止) the use of ChatGPT. "While the tool may be able to provide quick and easy answers to questions," says the official statement, "it does not build critical-thinking skills, which are necessary for academic and lifelong success. "
Banning such use of technology from the classroom is a nearsighted response. Instead, we must find a way forward in which such technologies combine well with, rather than replace, student thinking.
Banning ChatGPT is impossible in practice. Students will find ways around the ban, which will cause a further defensive response from teachers and administrators, and so on. It's hard to believe that a close race between those digital natives and their educators will end in a decisive victory for the latter. In fact, chatbots may well speed up a trend (趋向) toward valuing critical thinking. In a world where computers can fluently answer any question, students need to get much better at deciding what questions to ask and how to fact-check the answers the program generates.
So how do we encourage young people to use their minds when real thinking is so hard to tell apart from its simulacrum (假象) Teachers, of course, will still want to watch students taking old-fashioned, in-person, no-chatbot-allowed exams to check that they do not cheat.
But we must also figure out how to do something new: how to use tools like GPT to inspire deeper thinking. GPT often generates text that is fluent and "reasonable"—but wrong. So using it requires the same mental heavy lifting that writing does: forming an opinion, creating an outline, picking which points to explain and which to drop, and looking for supporting facts. GPT can help with those tasks, but it can't put them all together. Writing a good essay still requires lots of human thought and work. Indeed, writing is thinking, and good writing is good thinking.
One approach is to focus on the process as much as the result. For instance, teachers might require four drafts of an essay. After all, as John McPhee, the famous writer, said, "the central nature of the process is revision. " Each draft gets feedback from the teacher, from peers or even from a chatbot. Then the students produce the next draft, and so on.
Will AI one day outperform human beings in thinking Maybe, but for now, we must think for ourselves. Like any tool, GPT is an enemy of thinking only if we fail to find ways to make it our partner.
27．How does the author feel about the ban
A．Understandable. B．Irresponsible.
C．Unwise. D．Necessary.
28．Why is it impossible to ban ChatGPT in practice
A．Because students are digitally fluent.
B．Because schools will defend the ban.
C．Because ChatGPT will keep developing.
D．Because people treasure critical thinking.
29．How does the author explain his idea in Paragraph 6
A．By quoting others. B．By presenting facts.
C．By giving examples. D．By showing similarities.
30．What is the passage mainly about
A．Is GPT a process or a result
B．Will GPT outperform students
C．Why Chatbots become a new trend
D．How can Chatbots serve education
D
Episodic memory(情景记忆）allows humans to revisit past personal experiences in their minds, and it was once thought to be a special skill of humans. Although there are still arguments about the extent of this type of memory in non-human animals, scientists have proved that creatures like rats and dogs can pass tests that are developed to assess episodic memory over the past two decades. "Curiously, there is a lack of research investigating dolphins' episodic memory,"University of Cambridge cognitive(认知的) scientist James Davies says. Therefore,this surprising fact encourages him to fill this gap.
The team used "where" and "who" questions in their research, each on a different test. Each dolphin was first trained to retrieve a ball from the water, and then trained to get a ball by approaching a person holding it in front of them while ignoring an empty-handed person standing at a different spot. During this training,the locations were randomized(使随机化)and the person holding the ball differed each time, so that those details were irrelevant to learning the retrieving behavior. Then, for the tests, the dolphins were asked to retrieve the ball as they had learned to do, but after 10 minutes, something changed--this time, the ball couldn't be seen, as it was now behind one of the two people's backs. In the "where" tests, the ball was hidden in the same spot as in the training, but both people had been changed, while in the "who" tests, the locations of the people changed but the ball remained with the person who'd had it previously.
Eight dolphins went through each of the two tests, separated by at least 48 hours. All the dolphins got it right in choosing the correct spot on the "where" experiments, and seven achieved success on the "who" experiments.
Kelly Jaakkola, a psychologist, says that based on their cognitive skills, dolphins are a good candidate for having episodic-like memory, and this study goes really far in showing that. She also says, "The more we look for such capabilities in non-human animals, the more species we'll likely find them in. " She adds,"An exciting question is therefore 'Where do we draw that line Which animals do have it, which animals don't, and what sort of cognitive or neurological or social characteristics do those animals share 'That's going to be the fun part of the game,"
31．What does the underlined word "retrieve" in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Fetch. B．Move. C．Throw. D．Play.
32．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．The locations of the people involved in the tests.
B．The memory tasks that dolphins need to perform.
C．The ability of dolphins to communicate with humans.
D．The dolphins' characteristics related to their memory processing.
33．What can be inferred from the passage
A．Dolphins pass the tests as a result of training.
B．It is very likely that dolphins are affected by people during the tests.
C．Scientists will probably find episodic memory in all non-human animals.
D．The influence of dolphins' familiarity with a location or a person is avoided.
34．Which would be the best title for the passage
A．Dolphins Are the Most Intelligent Animals
B．Dolphins May Remember Personal Experiences
C．Episodic Memory Is Important for Humans and Animals
D．A Scientific Method Is Used to Study Dolphins' Memory
四、阅读七选五(每题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Fear of Missing Out
It's a common experience: You're scrolling through a social media page, and you see pictures of friends traveling or going to parties. Suddenly you start to wonder why you're not doing those things. Are you missing out on something fun and exciting because you're locked into everyday life This experience has come to be known as the fear of missing out, sometimes abbreviated(缩写) FOMO. 35． But with the rise of social media, FOMO is becoming much more common.
Wanting to be in on the fun when exciting things are happening is completely normal. But for some people, it can lead to an addiction to checking their phones to find out what other people are doing. Even while doing things that are fun or necessary, people can feel like there's something better going on elsewhere. This urge to connect can lead them to disconnect from the people they are actually with. 36． It can even be dangerous; some people try to check messages while driving.
Remember that what people choose to post on social media does not necessarily reflect their life overall. People tend to pick and choose the things they share, so we only ever know a small part of anyone else's life.
37． You cannot be everywhere and do everything that might be interesting or productive, and that's OK.
It might even be necessary to turn off your phone or log out of social media for a while. 38． You can even set particular times in your day to check email and social media. By stepping away for a time, you can help keep other people's lives in perspective.
Finally, focus on the things in front of you. Enjoy them, do them well and let everything else go. 39．
Don't let the fear of missing out cause you to miss out on the good things you have in life. Relax, enjoy what you do and let other people enjoy their lives without envying them.
A. To some extent, people have always worried about missing out on things.
B. Without the social media you will get unconnected with the whole world.
C. It also prevents them from being satisfied with the good things in their lives.
D. When you fully engage with life, you'll worry less about what you're not doing.
E. Get rid of the constant reminders of everything that's happening in the world.
F. It's difficult to connect with the reasons why you choose not to participate.
G. It's also important to be humble and acknowledge your limitations.
书面表达
第一节 阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息, 完成对该问题的回答。(40/41题各2分；42题3分；43题5分，共12分)
The Secret to Improving Your Memory
If you want to improve your memory, you need to know how your brain works. You might be surprised to hear that your lifestyle habits might be making it difficult for you to correctly record each piece of information, experience, or learning.
It would appear that the secret to improving your memory is really simple. It's to take breaks. As a matter of fact, the brain has more limited energy resources than you probably think. Therefore, it tires quickly and its levels of attention begin to drop after about 30 to 45 minutes.
The hippocampus （海马体） is the area of your brain that's responsible for consolidating （巩固） your short-term memories in the long term. Furthermore, for this consolidation to be possible, there must be an connection with different regions of the cerebral cortex （大脑皮层）. Currently, we know that, for best connectivity, we must rest. Therefore, factors such as tiredness, negative feelings, or stress make it difficult to connect one area to the other. Studies found taking breaks of between nine and 15 minutes improves memory, both in healthy people and in those with neurological damage.
However, there's one small detail that's important. The rest must be real rest. In other words, you should go to a quiet space and not have any distractions （分心的事） around you. This includes not having your cell phone nearby. The secret to improving your memory requires you to rest for between ten and 15 minutes leaving your mind completely empty. In fact, knowing how to rest is decisive for your cognitive function, balancing your emotions, and renewing your energy.
Your lifestyle plays an extremely important role in the way your memory functions. Rest isn't wasting time. In fact, allowing yourself small breaks is investing in your health and well-being.
40．What is the secret to improve your memory
41．What factors may influence the connection between different regions of cerebral cortex
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Taking rests is important for your memory and spending about 15 minutes in playing with your phone will help improve it.
43．In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what else can you do to improve your memory （ In about 40 words）
第二节 (20分）
44．假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你校正在举办"中国传统文化日"活动。你打算邀请外教Mr. Smith来参加此次活动。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 介绍活动(时间、地点、安排等)；
2. 邀请参加。
注意：1. 词数不少于100；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Smith,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
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