2024年中考英语语法复习讲义冠词

第2章 冠词
a用于辅音音素开头的单数可数名词，an用于元音音素开头的单数可数名词。
a boy, an umbrella, a useful book, a university, an ugly man, an hour
There is a U in the word true.
There is an S in the word signature.
表示数量一，一般与单数可数名词连用。
There is a table and four chairs in that dining room.
泛指某一个人或事物中的一个。
A doctor is a person who saves people’s lives.
I saw a man in the darkness, but I couldn’t make sure who it was.
表示“每一”，用于表示时间，重量，长度等的单位名词前，相当于every, each, per等。
Take three pills a day and you’ll get better soon.
用在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
You can try it a second time if you fail.
用于某些固定的短语中。
表示特指或者谈话双方都知道的某些人或事物。
Where is the book I bought yesterday
Take the medicine after meals.
用于上文提到的人或事物。
He lives with a local family. The family is not big.
用在世界独一无二的名词前。
The sun was shining brightly as we sailed down.
Man traveled to the moon scores of years ago.
用在序数词和形容词或副词的最高级前。
This was the first time I was on a train.
The greatest talkers are always the least doers.
用于乐器名词前。
The boy of no more than four can play the piano very beautifully.
I play the guitar in the school band.
用于姓氏的复数名词前，表示全家人或者夫妻俩。
The Smiths went on a round-the world trip.
The Whites are waiting for their daughter.
用于某些形容词前，表示一类人。
They offered food, clothes and gifts to the poor.
用于表示方位、地点、时间的名词前。
In every country the sun rises in the east.
用于某些习惯用语中。
在年，月，季节，星期，日期及某些节日前。
Autumn is the harvest season of the year.
On Christmas Day the children often get presents from their parents.
在三餐、球类运动、棋类游戏和学科名词前。
Do you have lunch at school or at home
当用by表示乘坐交通工具。
Now many people want to travel by plane.
在一些固定短语中。
★ 巧记
定冠词the 不定冠词a/an 零冠词
特指双方熟悉，上文已经提及；世上独一无二，方位以及乐器；某些专有名词，外加复数姓氏；序数词最高级，习惯用语要特记 a/an用于单数可数名词前；不见元音不加an，不看字母看发音； 星期月份季节前； 称呼头衔职务前； 三餐球类和棋类； 专有名词和学科
★短语中有无冠词的区别
无定冠词 有定冠词
go to school 去上学 go to the school 到学校去
by sea 乘船 by the sea 在海边
in front of 在前面 in the front of 在前部
in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院里
on earth 究竟 on the Earth 在地球上
in future 今后 in the future 将来
in bed 卧床 in the bed 在床上
at table 在吃饭 at the table 在餐桌旁
at school 在上学 at the school 在学校