2024年中考英语语法复习讲义：主谓一致

第13章 主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
语法一致：“单则单，复则复”指主语是单数，谓语动词用单数，主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数。
以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语
用复数
The teacher encourages the students to speak freely.
These students are having an English class.
To work hard is necessary for a student.
Playing with fire is dangerous.
由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
Both he and I are right.
Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.
★但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。
His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
The poet and writer has come.
Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.
由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形
式。
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
Each man and each woman is asked to help.
主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有with, along with, together with, as well as, rather than, including, besides, like, except, but等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。
The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
Nobody but two boys was late for class.
由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。
Is everybody ready
Somebody is using the phone.
由“one, every one ,each one, any one, each, either, neither等+of+复数名词”作主语时，谓 语动词用单数形式。
Each one of the students is studying hard.
Neither of the girls is pretty.
有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时， 谓语动词用复数。
Where are my shoes I can’t find them.
Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.
★如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
意义一致：指谓语动词的变化以主语所表达的单复数概念而定。
表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
Twenty years is not a long time.
Ten dollars is too dear.
集体名词（如family, team, crowd, company, group, government...）等作主语时，如作为 一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员，则用复数。
Our group comes first in the football game.
Our group are going to visit the monkeys in the zoo
people, police, cattle等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。
A lot of people are dancing outside.
The police are looking for lost boy.
不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定 谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单 数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。
All of the work has been finished.
All of the people have gone.
“a lot of (lots of, plenty of, most of)+名词”和“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语 时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数；名词是单数， 谓语动词用单数。
Lots of people have been there.
It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果 所指为单数意义，动词用单数。
I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.
Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.
“many a/an+名词单数或more than one+名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 “more+可数名词复数+than one”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
Many a person has read the novel.
More members than one are against your plan.
凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复 数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数；如果指的是一个人或抽象概念， 谓语动词用单数形式。
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.
The dead is a famous person.
就近一致是指谓语动词的单复数取决于主语中最靠近它的短语。
由连词or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词 要由最近的主语而定。
Either you or I am right.
Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.
There be. . . 和Here be. . . 句型中有并列主语时，be与最近的主语保持一致。
There is a table and three chairs in Tom’s room.
Here are some books and a letter for you.