2024年中考英语语法复习讲义：构词法

第16章 构词法
英语的主要构词法有派生法，转生法，复合法等。
前缀
意义 前缀 例词
表示否定 dis- disappear消失 disagree不同意
il- illegal 不合法的 illogical不合逻辑的
im- impossible不可能的 impolite无礼的
in- incorrect不正确的 independent独立的
ir- irregular不规则的 irresponsible不负责任的
mis- mistake弄错 misunderstanding误解
un- unnecessary不必要的 unfair不公平的
表示重复 re- rewrite重写 rebuild重建
表示“使” en- enable使能够 enrich使丰富
表示“相互” inter- internet互联网 international国际的
表示“距离” tele- television电视 telephone 电话
构成名词的后缀
后缀 例词 后缀 例词
-er farmer/stranger -hood childhood/neighborhood
-or director/inventor -ment achievement/development
-ess actress/waitress -al arrival/refusal
-ist artist/scientist -ion/-sion/ -ation/-ition education/decision/ invitation/competition
-ian physician/musician -ing building/meeting
-ese Chinese/Japanese -ity electricity/activity
-an American/European -ance/-ence appearance/difference
-th truth/youth -dom freedom/kingdom
-y difficulty/discovery -ness kindness/illness
-ship friendship/leadership
构成动词的后缀
后缀 例词
-en widen weaken
-fy beautify simplify
-ize/-ise realize modernize
构成形容词的后缀
后缀 例词 后缀 例词
-able/-ible comfortable responsible -ern northern/western
-al cultural musical -y snowy/lucky
-ic/-ical scientific historical -ous/ious famous/serious
-ish foolish childish -ant/-ent pleasant/excellent
-ful careful thankful -ive active/expensive
-less homeless endless -ed excited/pleased
-ly friendly lively -ing interesting/surprising
-en wooden golden
构成副词的后缀
后缀 例词
-ly quickly/suddenly
-ward eastward/forward
合成法 例词
合成动词 sleep-walk
合成名词 weekend bookshop earthquake
合成形容词 fast-food hard-working well-known
合成代词 himself everything
合成副词 hotfoot however
合成介词 outside without within
英语中，有的动词可以转化成名词，有的形容词可以转化成副词，这种词形不变而词性发生变化词叫做转化词。
He is papering the bedroom walls.
Let’s go out for a walk.