第5章 副词
副词是指在句子中表示行为或者状态特征的词,常用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或句子等。
一.许多副词是由形容词变化而来
形容词+1y:
quick—quickly, polite—politely, careful—carefully, brave—bravely
辅音字母+y结尾,改y为+ly:
easy—easily, happy—happily, busy—busily
去掉e+1y:
true—truly, whole—wholly
形容词+y:
full—fully,dull—dully
去掉e+y:
terrible—terribly;simple—simply;gentle—gently;probable—probably;possible—possibly;
有些形容词和副词同形
三.有些副词在加-ly以后构成另外的副词
形容词 词义 副词 词义
wide 广阔的,宽的 widely 广泛地
deep 深的,深厚的 deeply 深深地,深刻地,强烈地
high 高的 highly 高度的
close 靠近的,亲密的 closely 紧紧地,接近地
hard 努力,(雨雪)大,硬,困难的 hardly 几乎不
near 附近的 nearly 几乎,接近,将近
most 最多的,最……的 mostly 主要地,大部分地
late 迟的,晚的 lately 近来,最近,不久以前
其他形式的副词
分类 例词
方式副词 closely fast politely carefully
程度副词 much little very enough
地点副词 here home upstairs back
时间副词 then lately today yesterday
频率副词 often never hardly sometimes
其他 also early only perhaps
一.副词比较等级的规则变化
1. 多音节和部分双音节词,more+副词原级构成副词比较级,most+副词原级构成副词最高级,副词的最高级前面可以省略the.(单音节和少数双音节变化参考形容词变化规则)
quickly—more quickly— (the) most quickly;
carefully—more carefully— (the) most carefully
二.原级的用法
1. “as+副词原级+as”表示双方在程度、特征等方面相等。
Jack plays the piano as well as her sister.
2. “not as/so +副词原级+as”表示“. . . 不如. . . ”
Mary doesn’t dress as/so strangely as the other girls.
三.比较级用法
1. . . . 副词比较级+than . . .
The car is running less smoothly than it used to.
副词比较级+and+副词比较级 越来越……
He runs faster and faster when he is near the finishing line.
3. the+比较级,the+比较级:越……,就越……
The more we know each other, the better we understand each other.
四.最高级用法
1. the+副词最高级+of/in/among+范围短语
He studies English (the) hardest in his class.
比较级表达最高级的意义
My son is runs faster than in his class