2024年中考英语语法：形容词讲义

第4章 形容词
形容词是用来描述人或事物的性质、特征或状态的一种开放性词类，主要用于修饰名词和部分代词。
作定语，放在名词前，不定代词后。
Professor White gave us an interesting lecture.
Something serious has happened to him.
作表语，放在系动词be, feel, turn, become, seem等后面。
While I was in New York, I felt homesick.
做补足语, 说明主语或宾语所处的位置，状态，性质等。
We must try our best to keep our environment clean.
The room was found very clean.
作状语，说明主语的情况。
Hungry and tired, I had to stop to have a rest.
We arrived home late, safe and sound.
1．形容词比较级和最高级规则变化表
原级 比较级 最高级 例词
一般情况 在词尾+er 在词尾+est tall--taller--tallest hard--harder--hardest
以-e结尾 在词尾+r 在词尾+st large--larger--largest
以辅音字母+y结尾 改y为i+er 改y为i+est easy--easier--easiest
重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写末尾的辅音字母+er 双写末尾的辅音字母+est big--bigger--biggest hot--hotter--hottest
多音节单词 more+多音节单词 most+多音节单词 beautiful--more beautiful-- most beautiful
2．形容词（副词）比较等级不规则变化表
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly/ill worse worst
many/much/some more most
little less least
old older/elder oldest/eldest
far farther/further farthest/furthest
一．原级的用法
1. “as+形容词原级+as”表示双方在程度、特征等方面相等。
Basketball is as popular as football here.
Mr. Smith said his son was as hard-working as his daughter.
2. “not as/so +形容词原级+as”表示“. . . 不如. . . ”
This room is not as/so big as that one.
3. as+形容词+名词+as
We have produced as many cars as we did last year.
4. 倍数 (分数) +as+原级，表示倍数。
Their house is three times as big as ours.
二．比较级用法
. . . 比较级+than . . .
He made fewer mistakes than you.
He has read four times more books than I have.
比较级+and+比较级 越来越……
Our country is becoming more and more beautiful .
the+比较级+of the two . . . 两个中更……的那一个
I'd like the bigger one of the two bags.
the+比较级，the+比较级：越……，就越……
The more difficult the problem is, the more careful we should be.
far/much/rather/a lot/a great deal/a little/a bit/even/any+比较级，表示差别的程度大小。
It was much cheaper than I had expected.
最高级用法
最高级+of/in/among+范围短语
He is the youngest child of all his classmates.
one of+最高级+名词复数
Shenzhen is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.
最高级+定语从句
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
序数词+最高级
The Huanghe River is the second longest river in China.
比较级表达最高级的意义
I haven’t read a more interesting book than this one.
My son is taller than in his class
四、形容词五个常用句型：
1. It is+adj. +for+n. /pron. +to+verb 对某人来说，做……是……的
2. It is+adj. +of+n. /pron. +to+verb 某人去做某事，真是很……
3. adj. +enough+to+verb 足够……去做某事
4. such a/an+adj. +that. . . 一个如此……的……，以至于……
5. so+adj. +that. . . 如此……以至于……