北师大版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 11 Conflict and Compromise Lesson 1 Living in a Community课件(共28张PPT)

(共28张PPT)
Unit 11
Conflict and Compromise
Lesson 1 Living in a Community
Period 2
Activity 1: Watch and finish the tasks
Step 1: Try to find the modal verbs in this video.
can
should
must
may
could
would
shall
激活已知
Activity 1: Watch and finish the tasks
Step 2: Can you think of more modal verbs
may / might
must / have to
shall / should
will / would
ought to
need / dare
can / could
Modal verbs
激活已知
Activity 1: Watch and finish the tasks
ability
Step 3: Discuss the functions of modal verbs in pairs based on what you have learnt before.
possibility
advice
obligation
permission
intention
necessity
politeness
...
激活已知
Activity 2: Find and match
Step 1: Read the two newspaper reports again to find the sentences with modal verbs.
1. Ma Ming, drummer for the rock band “Storm”, had to pack his bags.
2. They couldn’t relax or read a book without plugging their ears.
3. We told him that he ought to cease drumming or leave the property...
4. ... and I don’t have to do my own washing!
5. ... we dared not go onto our balcony...
感知注意
Activity 2: Find and match
Step 2: Rewrite the sentences without using modal verbs.
1. Ma Ming, drummer for the rock band “Storm”, had to pack his bags.
A possible version: Ma Ming, drummer for the rock band “Storm”, had no choice but to pack his bags.
2. They couldn’t relax or read a book without plugging their ears.
A possible version: They were not able to relax or read a book without plugging their ears. / It was impossible for them to find a moment for relaxation or do some reading.
3. We told him that he ought to cease drumming or leave the property...
A possible version: We told him that it was necessary for him to cease drumming. Otherwise, it would be fair for him to leave the property.
4. ... and I don’t have to do my own washing!
A possible version: ... and I am not expected to do my own washing!
5. ... we dared not go onto our balcony...
A possible version: ... we were not courageous enough to go onto our balcony...
感知注意
Activity 2: Find and match
Step 3: Match the modal verb in each sentence with its function.
Ma Ming, drummer for the rock band “Storm”, had to pack his bags.
They couldn’t relax or read a book without plugging their ears.
We told him that he ought to cease drumming or leave the property...
... and I don’t have to do my own washing!
... we dared not go onto our balcony...
ability
obligation
courage
感知注意
Activity 3: Analyze and summarize
ought to
①You ought to give more assistance to charities in need of funding.
②You ought to go to bed early as you have to be up at six.
③You really ought to try this diet. I have lost five kilograms.
④Henry ought to be here soon—he left home at six.
C. show duty or moral obligation
B. show necessity
A. make a suggestion
D. express the deduction (推断) that something is probable
概括整合
Decide the function of each “ought to” in the sentences below from its context.
A
C
D
B
Figure out the function of “ought to” in each sentence.
1. You oughtn’t to smoke so much.
2. You ought to see The Wandering Earth II—it’s a great film.
3. You ought to be ashamed of yourselves. You’ve created this problem.
4. The company ought to be making changes in its marketing strategy.
5. The weather ought to improve after the weekend.
6. Many people felt that America ought not to take part in the war.
necessity
suggestion
duty or moral obligation
necessity
deduction
duty or moral obligation
概括整合
Activity 3: Analyze and summarize
have to
①You have to see the film version of the book; you’ll love it.
②We have to use cold water for the pastry, otherwise it will become tough.
1. Does “have to” perform the same function as in Activity 2 If not, what functions does it perform here
No, it doesn’t. In Activity 2, “have to” is used to which someone else expects of us, while here in the first sentence the speaker is actually and in Sentence 2 “have to” shows of using cold water.
2. Can you provide more examples
show obligation
giving advice
the importance
概括整合
Activity 3: Analyze and summarize
could
①I could swim for hours when I was young.
②His story could be true, but I hardly think it is.
③We could go to Tom’s house first and then go on to the game.
④If we get good rains then we could have a bumper crop (大丰收).
⑤Could you pass me the salt, please
C. express possibility
E. show the ability to do sth.
D. make a suggestion
A. express the deduction that something is probable
B. ask for permission more politely
概括整合
Decide the function of each “could” in the sentences below from its context.
F. show necessity
A
E
C
D
B
G. show duty or moral obligation
Activity 3: Analyze and summarize
Match the “could” in each sentence with its function.
①“Could I ask you something ” “Yes, of course you can.”
②In those days everybody could find a job.
③They’ve agreed, but they could change their minds.
④If you don’t know what to do, you could sort out your photos.
⑤She’s not answering her phone. She could be in a meeting.
ability
possibility
suggestion
permission
概括整合
Activity 3: Analyze and summarize
may & might
①Daniel might phone. If he does, ask him to ring later.
②You may take whatever you like.
③We may go climbing in the Alps next summer.
④I wonder if I might have a little more cheese.
1. Do “may” and “might” share any of the functions we have mentioned
2. Can you provide more examples
Yes. In the first and third sentences, they are used to talk about the that something will happen or is happening. And in Sentence 2 and Sentence 4, the speakers are actually
.
possibility
asking for or giving permission
概括整合
Activity 3: Analyze and summarize
Further thinking: in the following sentences, the modal verbs are all used to say there is a possibility of something happening or being true. Are there any differences in the possibility they express
①I may go to London tomorrow.
②Joe might come with me.
③According to the weather report, it may rain today. It might even snow.
④It could snow later in the day.
Might and could are less definite (确定的) or more hesitant than may, suggesting a smaller chance—they are used when people think something is possible but not very likely. Compare:
I may go to London tomorrow. (perhaps a 50% chance)
Joe might come with me. (perhaps a 30% chance)
概括整合
Activity 3: Analyze and summarize
I was such a naughty boy then, and I was happy with my day in school. I liked to go out at night, especially on a summer night, since there were so many fireflies to catch.
But one night I saw two glowing eyes looking at me from the bush. I was so scared that I ran back home as fast as I could.
The next morning, when having breakfast, I told my family, “I saw a ghost last night in the bush.” But my sister laughed, “You couldn’t have seen a ghost, because there aren’t any ghosts. You must have dreamt of it.”
My mother said, “Dear, you could have seen two fireflies resting closely on a branch and shining coincidentally together.
My dad said, “You might have seen a cat with its eyes wide open, but I’m not so sure. You’d better go and have a look again in day time.
So I went to the bush again to have a look.
...
Activity 4: Read and explore
概括整合
Students read the story carefully and complete the tasks.
Step 1: Read the story and answer the following questions.
1. What did the boy think he had seen on his way home
He thought he had seen a ghost in the bush on his way home.
2. What did his sister say when he told the story
His sister said he couldn’t have seen a ghost, because there weren’t any ghosts.
3. What did his mother say when he told the story
His mother said he could have seen two fireflies resting closely on a branch and shining coincidentally together.
4. What did his father say when he told the story
His father said he might have seen a cat with its eyes wide open.
Activity 4: Read and explore
概括整合
Step 2: Work in pairs and guess what happened to “I” by using the following structures.
You must have seen ...
You might have seen ...
You couldn’t have seen...
You could have seen ...
A possible version: You must have seen a dog with its eyes wide open. A dog’s eyes glow green in the dark when light shines on them.
A possible version: You might have seen two small Chinese lanterns hanging on a branch. A kid might do this by design as a trick.
Activity 4: Read and explore
概括整合
Step 3: Learn about the structure.
1. After you used these structures to make a guess, could you tell me in what situation is this grammar structure used
2. Is this structure used to guess something that is happening right now, that will happen in the future, or that happened in the past
A possible version: We can use the structure “may/might/could have done” to say that it is possible that something happened or was true in the past. “Must have done” expresses a high degree of certainty or confidence that a particular action or event has already taken place. It implies a strong belief based on evidence or logical reasoning.
Activity 4: Read and explore
概括整合
Story of Mr. Peterson
(Mr. Peterson is ready to give us his story about his life when he was young.)
When I was a little kid, I could have learnt singing, but I didn’t, since I thought climbing trees was more interesting. So now I can neither sing nor climb.
When I was in primary school, I could have read more books, but I didn’t, since I thought shooting at birds was more interesting. So I stayed in primary school for two more years.
When I was in high school, I could have learnt more, but I didn’t. I just learnt how to idle my time away.
When I was working as a postman, I met a pretty girl who I found was interested in me. I might have married her if I had overcome my shyness and pursued her, but I didn’t.
So at last I led such a life and married my present wife.
Activity 5: Read and explore
概括整合
Step 1: Read the story and answer the following questions.
1. Did Mr. Peterson learn singing when he was young Why
No, he didn’t. Because he thought climbing trees was more interesting.
2. Did he read a lot in primary school What happened
No, he didn’t. He thought shooting at birds was more interesting.
3. What did he learn to do in high school
He just learnt how to idle his time away.
4. What was he working as when he met a pretty girl
He was working as a postman.
5. Did he marry the pretty girl
No, he didn’t.
Activity 5: Read and explore
概括整合
Step 2: Read the sentences aloud collectively and then answer the following questions.
When I was a little kid, I could have learnt singing, but I didn’t.
When I was in primary school, I could have read more books, but I didn’t.
When I was in high school, I could have learnt more, but I didn’t.
I might have married her if I had overcome my shyness and pursued her, but I didn’t.
1. What feeling does Mr. Peterson have
2. Is the structure “might/could have done” used to guess something that happened in the past If
not, what function does it perform here
No, it isn’t. The structure here is used to talk about unrealized past ability or opportunities—to say that somebody was able to do something, but didn’t do it, expressing deep regret for the past.
Activity 5: Read and explore
概括整合
Step 3: Talk with your partner about your regrets by using the given structure.
Activity 5: Read and explore
Example:
I could have learnt to swim, but I didn’t. Now, I have no choice but to watch my friends splashing about in the pool happily.
概括整合
Activity 6: Complete the text with the correct form of could, have to, ought to or dare not (to).
My good friend, Kathy, is a hard-working person. She shared a flat with me ten months ago. At that time, she was preparing for an important exam. During the day, she 1________ go to work. So she 2________ only study in the evening. To help her get focused, I 3__________ turn on the TV loud as she always studied late. I think she 4__________ have enough sleep.
Now Kathy has passed the exam and moved out to live near her new company. Surprisingly, I sometimes feel afraid to be alone in the flat at night and 5__________ sleep without the light on now.
had to
could
dared not
ought to
dare not
内化运用
Activity 7: Match one word or phrase from each column to form a sentence.
内化运用
A B C
The woman
The man
You
The government
When I saw someone throwing an old TV away on the street, I...
couldn’t
ought to
dared not
has to
don’t have to
lock her doors at night because there have been many break-ins in her neighborhood.
introduce a ban on smoking in all public places, including parks, to protect the public’s health.
confront them about it, but I wished I had been braver.
believe how often his neighbors played music loudly at night.
agree with my point of view if you feel strongly against it.
Activity 8: Make inferences according to the situations by using proper
structures.
内化运用
1. Jane was with me last night. It was not possible for you to see her at the party last night.
You couldn’t have seen Jane at the party last night, since she was with me then.
2. She hasn’t arrived yet. She probably missed the train.
She hasn’t arrived yet. She must have missed the train.
3. Jimmy isn’t in the office. He said he would gather information from reliable sources such as academic journals and books yesterday evening.
Jimmy isn’t in the office. He may be in the library now, gathering information from reliable sources for the project.
4. I’m not sure whether they stayed at Garden Hotel yesterday.
They may have stayed at Garden Hotel yesterday, but I am not sure.
5. We have no milk now. I told you to buy some yesterday morning, but you forgot it.
You must have forgotten that I told you to buy some milk yesterday morning.
Activity 9: Imagine what a future school will possibly be like and discuss this with your partner with the help of modal verbs.
创造想象
课后作业
Homework
1. Make a mind map to summarize what you’ve learnt about modal verbs in this lesson.
2. Your foreign teacher Ryan is preparing to randomly divide the students into pairs for oral practice after class. You think this practice is not effective. You are expected to explain to him the problems with this practice and provide some suggestions to him. Please use proper modal verbs to do the task.
Goodbye!