北师大版（2019）选修 第三册Unit 9 Human Biology>Lesson 1 To Clone or Not to Clone?课件(共25张PPT)

(共25张PPT)
Unit 9 Human Biology
Lesson 1
To clone or not to clone
老师:xxx
课型：阅读课
Text Reading
课文学习
第二部分
...的过程
①Cloning is the process of making an exact copy of a plant or animal and developing it either naturally or artificially. Natural cloning has been going on for generations. For example, gardeners have been using a form of cloning when they take a cutting from a plant and place it in a
世世代代
例如
go on 发生；进行
要么...要么...；或者…或者…
一种形式
when引导时间状语从句
suitable medium, such as soil. Another example of natural cloning is identical twins, who are produced from the same egg.
相同的
be identical to/with 和……一样/一致
be identical in 在……方面一样/一致
例如
译文：
克隆(clone)是通过自然或人为(artificially)的方式，对植物或动物进行精确复制、培育的过程。自然克隆由来已久。例如，园丁们从植物上截取一段，放在合适的培养基，例如土壤中，就是一种克隆。自然克隆的另一个例子是同(identical)卵双胞胎(twin)，它们是由同一个卵子受精产生的。
②For years, there had been attempts to clone animals artificially. The first successfully cloned animal was a sheep named Dolly in 1996. At first, Dolly grew normally, but later she developed an illness that is more normally found in much older animals. She lived for six and a half years,
起初
much修饰比较级
患病
attempt to do sth.试图做某事
only half the life of the sheep from which she was cloned. After Dolly, scientists have cloned more than 20 mammal species, including camels, cattle, deer, dogs, goats and mice. However, they have found a similar pattern of health problems with these other species as well. This has led to
超过
lead to 引起
也
“from＋which”引导的定语从句
questions such as, “Will this be a major issue for all cloned animals ” “Will it continue to happen forever ”.
主要问题
continue to do sth.继续做某事
译文：
多年来，人们一直在尝试人工克隆动物。第一只成功克隆的动物是1996年的克隆羊多莉。起初，多莉发育正常，但后来患上了一种疾病，这种疾病更常见于衰老的动物。多莉活了六年半，寿命只有母体绵羊的一半。继多莉之后，科学家已经克隆了20多种哺乳动物(mammal)，包括骆驼(camel)、牛(cattle)、鹿、狗、山羊(goat)和老鼠。然而，在这些物种的克隆动物身上科学家们也发现了与多莉羊相似的健康问题。由此引发了一些疑问，例如：“这会是所有克隆动物的主要问题吗？”“这个问题会永远(forever)持续下去吗？”
③In January 2018, the cloning of two long-tailed monkeys, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, was announced by Chinese scientists. They were the first-ever primates (the order of mammals which include apes, monkeys, and humans) to have been cloned! In comparison with other species,cloning primates has proved to be “much harder”, and doing so with
前所未有的，史无前例的
与……比较
prove to be被证明是，证明为
non-reproductive cells was even more complicated. Dr. Sun Qiang, director of the research team, said they had been wholly devoted to the research and had been taking care of more than 1,000 monkeys 24 hours a day, 7 days a week for more than 5 years. There had been a number of failures
be devoted to (doing)专心于/致力于…
take care of 照顾
许多
区分：the number of ...的数量
before they eventually found a way to successfully clone a monkey. The reason they worked so hard to break this technical barrier was to get animals with edited genes and produce animal models that are helpful for medical research and human health.
先行词为reason，引出定语从句they worked...
be helpful for
对...有帮助
先行词为animal models，定语从句为that are...
译文：
2018年1月，中国科学家宣布成功克隆两只长尾猴，中中和华华。它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物(primate)[哺乳动物的一个类别，包括猿(ape)、猴子和人类]！与其他的物种相比(comparison)，克隆灵长类动物被证明要“困难得多”，而使用非生殖(reproductive)细胞克隆则更为复杂。研究小组的负责人孙强博士说，他们全身心地(wholly)投入到研究中，5年多来每周7天，每天24小时照看1 000多只猴子。在他们最终找到成功克隆猴子的方法之前，他们经历了多次失败。他们之所以如此努力地要突破这一技术壁垒(barrier)，是为了获得经过基因(gene)编辑(edit)的动物，研制动物模型，为医学研究和人类健康发展做贡献。
④The successful cloning of primates has led to worldwide praise as a huge breakthrough that might lead to cures for various diseases and may also offer clues on how to prevent the aging process. With this technology, we have the potential to raise a large number of monkeys with identical genes in a short amount of time, and we can even change
have the potential to do sth.有潜能做某事
that引导定语从句，修饰、限定先行词breakthrough
大量的
an amount of time 一段时间
their genes to suit research needs. This could help save research time, reduce the number of animals required for testing, produce more accurate results, and lead to more effective treatments.
...的数量
save time 节约时间
be accurate in 在……方面准确
to be accurate 精确地说(作插入语)
under treatment 在治疗中
a treatment for …的治疗方法
give sb. treatment 为某人治疗
译文：
灵长类动物的成功克隆获得了全世界的赞誉，被认为是一项巨大的突破，从而有助于治愈多种疾病，可能也为如何延缓衰老提供线索(clue)。有了这项技术，我们就有可能在短时间内培育大量基因相同的猴子，甚至可以改变它们的基因，以适应研究需要。这有助于节省研究时间，减少实验所需动物的数量，使实验结果更准确(accurate)、治疗方法(treatment)更有效。
⑤Cloning, however, continues to be an issue that causes a great deal of disagreement and provokes strong emotions. While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement, others raise moral concerns. They believe it is bound to lead to cloning of other species, and they
be bound to do 必然；一定会
be crucial to/for... 对……至关重要
it is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.
对某人而言做某事是...的
大量(后跟不可数名词)
while引导的让步状语从句
“尽管”
worry about the ethical questions this raises. For example, they wonder if clones should be treated as objects or as individuals with their own identity. Furthermore, clones may be viewed as mere copies of originals thus being seen as inferior. Finally, they worry
be seen as被视为
with one’s own identity具有独特个性
被看作是 view...as... 把…看作…
担心
被作为；当作……来看
而且
that some organisations may abuse the technology for unethical purposes.
on purpose 故意地，有意地
the purpose of... ……的目的
for the purpose of... 为了……的目的
译文：
但是，克隆仍是一个会引起很多争议、激起(provoke)强烈反对情绪(emotion)的问题。尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要(crucial)，但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。他们认为这项技术必将(bound)导致其他物种的克隆，担心由此会引发伦理(ethical)问题。比如，他们提出克隆体是被当作物体还是具有独特个性的个体。而且，克隆体可能仅(mere)被看作母体的副本，因此被认为更低等(inferior)。最后，他们担心某些组织可能会出于不道德的目的滥用(abuse)该技术。
⑥So far, it is still unknown what will happen to Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua as they grow up. Researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced. As Einstein said, “Science is a powerful instrument. How it is used, whether it is a blessing or a curse to mankind,
目前为止
that引导的宾语从句
(偶然)发生
whether...or...是…还是…/不管…还是…
insist that从句，表示“坚持，主张”时，从句用虚拟语气，“(should)＋动词原形”
成长，长大
depends on mankind and not on the instrument. A knife is useful, but it can also kill.”
依靠；取决于
译文：
到目前为止，我们仍不清楚中中和华华长大后会发生什么。研究人员主张，克隆科学应进一步得到探索与发展。正如爱因斯坦所言：“科学是一种强有力的工具。怎样使用它，究竟是给人类带来幸福(blessing)还是带来灾难(curse)，完全取决于人类自己，而不取决于工具。刀子是有用的，但刀子也能杀人。”
课文结构图示
Thank You !