北师大版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 10 Connections Lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We?课件(共27张PPT)

(共27张PPT)
Unit 10 Lesson 1
How Closely connected Are We
我们之间的联系有多紧密？
Learning
Objectives
01
02
03
By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
I can retall the “Six Degrees of Separation” theory.
I can acquire and generalize the information about the development of the theory;
I can understand and describe what the “Six Degrees of Separation” theory is;
【文本分析】
[What] 本课主题：人与社会 本课话题：良好的人际关系与社会交往。
内容：作者描述“六度分隔理论”的起源和发展过程，向读者传递的信息是：任何人都可通过不超过五个人与陌生人联系起来，人际联系具有必然性。
[How]文体：
通过查阅语篇分类标准，我们把“How closely connected are we ” 定义为说明文，以时间为线索，介绍了“六度分隔理论”的提出、发展及数次验证过程。
语言：语言形式聚焦一般过去时态的被动语态形式，将在本课第二课时重点学习。
[Why] 意图：作为本单元第一个阅读主语篇，通过本课学习，学生能够明确人际交往的必然性，并为后续单元主题学习（例如：如何开展交往？人际交往中的注意事项等等）做好准备。
Do you know the following words and phrases after the preview
1. social media____________ 2. 和…交流______________
3.take notes______________ 4. refer to________________
5.和…连接 ______________ 6.a chain of ______________
7. 试图做某事___________ 8. 一个随机的样本 ___________________
9. 把… 运送到…______________ 10. 双月刊；半月刊_____________
11.现场直播_________ 12.以…为基础；_______________
13. 把与连接/联系起来 _________ 14.take turns to do sth ____________
15.旨在做某事 _________________ 16. label sb/sth as____________________
社交媒体
communicate with
做笔记
所指，提及；查阅
be connected to
一连串的
make an attempt to do sth
a random sample
be based on
deliver…to
bimonthly magazine
a live broadcast/be broadcast live
link A to/with B
轮流做某事
With the aim of doing sth
把某人/事称为
Example:
I have … contacts on social media. I regularly communicate with … people.
Activate And Share
1. How many contacts do you have on social media
2. Who do you usually have contacts with
3. How many people do you regularly communicate with
Read And Explore:Lead--in
Have you heard of the theory “Six Degrees Separation”(六度分离理论)
Six Degrees of Separation
六度分隔，又称为“小世界现象”。大意是说，任何两个素不相识的人中间最多只隔着六层关联，即只需要不超过五个人就可以将两个陌生人联系在一起。
Here is a short video about it.
Read the article quickly and find out the main idea.
Read And Explore: Skimming
How to get the
main idea quickly
first & last para.
first sentence of each para.
title
This article introduces what the theory of “Six Degrees Separation” is and how it develops.
What is the writing style of the text
A. Narrative（叙述文） B. Practical writing （应用文）
C. Argumentation （论说文） D. Exposition （说明文）
When：
Who：
Six Degrees of Separation
What：
In the 1920s
which means any person on Earth can be connected to any other person thorough a chain of no more than five other people.
Read the first two paragraphs: What does “Six Degrees of Separation” theory mean When was the concept first talked about Who introduced the theory
Frigyes Karinthy
Do you believe Six Degrees of Separation
Frigyes Karinthy
匈牙利佐加弗里吉斯·考林蒂（1887-1938）。他的短篇故事《链条》（Chains）中的角色认为至多需要五个人（在认识其中一人的情况下），仅通过人际关系，他就可以联系到自己想找的人。因此，一些学者认为考林蒂是最早发现六度分隔现象的人。他的观点对最早期社交网络的构想产生了一定影响。
The founders—Frigyes Karinthy
How-
He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to _________________to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts.
Who-
______________
In 1967
Findings/Results-
It only took between ______________people to get the parcels delivered.
send packages
five and seven
Examples to prove the theory
Line21: “small-world problem”
Task 2: Careful-reading
Stanley Milgram
Learn some background information about the theory “Six Degrees of Separation”.
Stanley Milgram
斯坦利·米尔格兰姆（1933-1984），美国社会心理学家。1967年，他根据“六度分隔”进行了一次名为“小世界”的连锁信实验，该实验发现一封信函平均经受五位陌生人即可到达目标收件人手中。该实验结果于1967年发表。
How-
They _________ a game, the idea of which was to link any actor to Kevin Bacon through _______________six links.
Who-
Two college students in the United States
In the mid-1990s
Findings/Results-
The game __________________ in universities across the United States.
invented
no more than
was being played
Examples to prove the theory
Kevin Bacon 美国著名影星，曾获得第67届金球奖最佳男主角和第16届美国演员工会奖最佳男主角。
the Oscar-winning film Babel
奥斯卡获奖影片《通天塔》。该影片讲述的是四个不同国家、不同种族、不同语言的家庭，在短短11天内历经各种不幸，而所有的不幸几乎都源于沟通不畅。《通天塔》体现了六度分隔理论。
《迷失》（Lost）
本剧主要讲述大洋航空815客机坠落在太平洋的热带神秘孤岛上，48名乘客侥幸生还。面对这种荒芜人烟的小岛，生还者形形色色，国籍、人种、文化背景、个性各异，有父亲，有儿子，有朋友，也有敌人。他们既要克服恶劣的天气，在荒蛮的热带丛林中寻找食物、水源，还有一只在夜晚发出令所有人胆战叫声的神秘生物；更困难的是他们必须战胜个人私欲，排除隔阂与分歧，同舟共济，求得生存。
How-
Columbia University tried to recreate Milgram’s experiment on the Internet. It involved 24, 163 email chains with __________________ in 13 different countries.
Who-
Columbia University
In 2001
Findings/Results-
It ____________ that the average number of links in the chain was ____.
18 target people
confirmed
Examples to prove the theory
six
Line 51: “ Columbia Small-world Project”
How-
The experiment analysed the relationship between 721 million ______________ users.
Who-
the University of Milan
In 2011
Findings/Results-
92% were __________ by only four stages, or five degrees of separation.
social media
connected
Examples to prove the theory
six four /five degrees of separation.
Talk about how the theory developed based on your notes.
Frigyes Karinthy
Find out how the author organises the passage.
作者采用时间顺序来向读者介绍了著名的“六度分隔”理论的发展史。作者通过正确运用时态以及时间状语、时间名词等来按照客观事件的先后顺序进行叙述。本文中作者在介绍“六度分隔”理论的发展时，主要使用了一般过去时。同时，文中还有大量的表示时间的表达， in the 1920s、in 1929、In the 1950s 、after twenty years、in 1967、In the last few decades、In the mid-1990s、In 2001、in 2011 等。
In the mid-1990s
How Closely Connected Are We
In 1967
Text builder—How Closely Connected Are We
In 2011
In 2001
Examples to prove the theory
Introduction
Conclusion
The theory “Six Degrees of Separation” was first talked about in the 1920s.
People are closely connected.
A person can be connected to anyone through no more than five other people according to the theory.
Learn some background information about the theory “Six Degrees of Separation”.
Stanley Milgram
斯坦利·米尔格兰姆（1933-1984），美国社会心理学家。1967年，他根据“六度分隔”进行了一次名为“小世界”的连锁信实验，该实验发现一封信函平均经受五位陌生人即可到达目标收件人手中。该实验结果于1967年发表。
the Oscar-winning film Babel
奥斯卡获奖影片《通天塔》。该影片讲述的是四个不同国家、不同种族、不同语言的家庭，在短短11天内历经各种不幸，而所有的不幸几乎都源于沟通不畅。《通天塔》体现了六度分隔理论。
Columbia Small-world Project
哥伦比亚小世界项目。2001年秋，在美国哥伦比亚大学社会学系任教的沃茨博士组建了一个研究小组，采用转发邮件的方式在更大范围内验证六度分隔现象。实验对邮件的转发次数进行统计，发现每封邮件平均转发5到7次，即可到达目标。
Group Work Read the article again. Take turns to explain the “Six Degrees of Separation” theory. Use the diagram to help you
Read And Explore
1.Why did Milgram and Columbia University both label their experiments “Small-world”
2.Why do you think people study how people are connected
Discuss the questions in groups.
1.Because they believed that any person on Earth couldbe connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people. In this sense the worldis small.
1.Why did Milgram and Columbia University both label their experiments “Small-world”
Probably people want to study the structures of human society, the rules of human social activities, and how people are connected with each other.
2.Why do you think people study how people are connected
Referring to the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people, “Six Degrees of Separation” was first talked about as 1. _________ (early) as the 1920s. In the 1950s,two scientists made an attempt 2. _________ (prove) the theory 3. _______________ (mathematic), but failed. In 1967, American sociologist Stanley Milgram tested the theory with a new method called the “small-world problem”, and it was this research 4.______ inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”. With the theory and the phrase 5._______________ (appear) again in the last few decades,the name of “Six Degrees of Separation” was used 6._____ the title of a play and then a movie. Afterwards, 7.___________ (base) on the concept, more movies and TV programmes were made and broadcast.
early
to prove
mathematically
that
having appeared
as
based
In 2003, Milgram’s experiment 8. __________ (try) online. Known as the “Columbia Small-world Project”, the experiment 9. ____________ results confirmed that the average number of links in the chain 10.__________ (be) six involved 24,163 email chains with 18 target people in 13 different countries.And most recently,in 2011 an experiment at the University of Milan found 92 percent social media users were connected by only four stages,or five degrees of separation.
was tried
whose
was
1. In 1967, a __________ Stanley Milgram did an experiment to find out how many degrees of separation there were between strangers in different parts of American.
2. All of the _________ in Milgram’s experiment were delivered to the right people after passing through the hands of between five and seven people.
3. The results of Milgram’s experiment _____________ in the magazine Psychology Today.
4. The result of the “Columbia Small-world Project” confirmed that the average number of links in the ________ was six.
5. People doing experiments into “Six Degrees of Separation” usually choose a _______ sample of people to take part to make the results more reliable.
6. Recently, creating and growing your social _______ has become more important than ever before due to the growth of social media.
sociologist
packages
were published
chain
random
network
random sociologist network publish package chain
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words.
Do exercises Q7 and Q8 on page 11