Unit3 Teenage problems知识点讲义牛津译林版英语九年级上学期

9年级Unit3（上）
Comic strip
Eddie: Hobo, I have a problem.
Hobo:What's wrong,Eddie
Eddie: I'm getting fat. Look at my stomach.
Hobo:You eat too much. Why not eat less and exercise more
Eddie: Maybe you're right.
Hobo:Good. I'll finish the food for you then.
Teenage problems 青少年问题
解析:teenage，形容词，意为“青少年的”，在句中常作定语。
We have some interesting results on teenage hobbies.
关于青少年的业余爱好，我们有一些有趣的结果。
teenager，名词，意为“十几岁的青少年”。
I'm a teenager and I have some problems with my parents.
我是一个青少年，我与父母之间有一些矛盾。
2.Why not eat less and exercise more
为什么不少吃多锻炼呢？
exercise，动词，意为“锻炼”，为不及物动词。
Tom exercises in the morning every day.
汤姆每天早晨锻炼。
exercise的其他用法：
exercise作不可数名词，表示“锻炼，运动”，常用短语：take／do exercise意为“锻炼”；
作可数名词，表示“一套动作；练习”。
e.g.We do morning exercises every day.我们每天做早操。
My father takes exercise every morning.我爸爸每天早晨锻炼。
Welcome to the unit
B.Millie is talking with her mum about teenage problems. Work in pairs and talk about your problems.Use the conversation below as a model.
Millie: Mum, many of my classmates have problems.
Mum:Really How about you Do you have any problems
Millie: Yes, I do. Sometimes I feel sleepy in class.
Mum:Oh dear. You don't get enough sleep.
Millie:What should I do then
Mum:Perhaps you should manage your time better and go to bed earlier.
Millie: OK. I'll try.
知识点讲解：
3.The TV is always on at my home.
我家电视总是开着。（见教材P35）
解析
be on，固定结构，意为“开着的”，其中on为副词，表示“处于工作状态或使用中”，反义词为off。
The lights are always on in that hall.那个大厅里的灯总是亮着。
①be on还可表示“上映，演出”。
Many new films will be on soon.
不久要上映许多新电影。
②副词on构成的短语：turn on打开；move on继续前行；put on穿上。
4. The noise almost drives me mad.
那噪音几乎让我受不了。（见教材P35）
解析mad，形容词，意为“发疯的；生气的”，比较级和最高级分别为madder和maddest，常作宾语补足语或表语
固定短语：drive sb.mad 使某人受不了；go mad疯了；be mad at／with sb.生某人的气。
He has gone mad.他已经疯了。
When the boss gets mad, leave him alone.当老板生气时，不要理他。
She was mad at her husband for forgetting her birthday.
她因为她的丈夫忘了她的生日而生他的气。
5.Sometimes I get low marks in exams.
有时我在考试中得低分。（见教材P35）
解析
mark，名词，意为“分数”，复数为marks。固定短语：get full／high／low marks得满／高／低分。
My mark in Physics is B. 我的物理得了“B”。
The student received only passing marks in all subjects.这个学生所有功课都仅仅及格。
拓展
①mark作名词，还表示“记号；痕迹”。
He has made marks on the table with that knife.他用那把刀在桌子上做了记号。
②mark作动词，意为“给·····打分；标志，标明；做标记”。
The teacher is marking the examination papers.老师正在给试卷打分。
6.Perhaps you should manage your time better and go to bed earlier.
或许你应该更好地安排你的时间，早点上床睡觉。（见教材P35）
解析
perhaps，副词，意为“或许，可能”，相当于maybe，但perhaps更正式。其多用于句首，指有礼貌地提出请求或提出建议等。
Perhaps we will be late for work.
或许我们上班会迟到。
Perhaps we should take a bus.
或许我们应该乘公交车。
星海拾贝（一）
根据句意及中文或首字母提示写出句中所缺单词。
1.They have many （青少年的）problems in their daily life.
2.He never （锻炼）.He is （变）fat.
3. Mary wants to get good （分数）in the exams.
4. （也许）their biggest problem is that they don't have enough to eat.
5.The noise from the machines almost drove me m that day.
Reading
What should I do
Millie and Simon have some problems. They wrote to Mr Sigmund Friend, a famous youth worker, and asked for some advice. Here are their letters.
Dear Mr Friend,
I am Millie, and I am a Grade 9 student. I have a problem, and I do not know how I should deal with it.
I have a lot of homework every day, and I have no choice but to do it. I often have to stay up late.
Then I sometimes find it hard to stay awake the next day.
I know it is important to finish all my homework on time.However, I hardly have any spare time for my hobbies like volleyball and music. I cannot imagine my life without hobbies.I often doubt whether it is worth spending so much time on homework.
I dream of a long holiday so that I could have more time for my hobbies. What should I do Can you offer me some suggestions I hope to hear from you soon.
Best wishes,
Millie Wang
Dear Mr Friend,
My name is Simon, and I am in Grade 9. I am crazy about football. I love watching football, reading about football, and, of course, playing football. However,my love of football has become the cause of my problem.
I always play football with my friends after school. We often play for hours and never worry about the time.Sometimes we forget when we should stop.Then I get into trouble because my parents do not allow me to play outside after 6 p.m.I do not understand why they are so strict with me. I feel angry sometimes. I believe it is important to develop our hobbies. They help us relax and make our lives more interesting.
Is it bad to stay out late to play football Should I spend less time on it I wonder how I can achieve a balance between my schoolwork and my hobbies. I look forward to your valuable advice.①
Best wishes,
Simon Luo
解析：
7.I have a problem, and I do not know how I should deal with it.我有一个问题，而且我不知道应该怎样处理它。
deal with，动词短语，意为“处理，对付”，构成疑问句时要与疑问词how连用。deal，动词，意为“处理”，过去式和过去分词都为dealt。
e.g.How do you deal with this problem
你怎样处理这个问题的？
deal with 常与how连用，而do with常与what连用。
I don't know how to deal with the rubbish.=I don't know what to do with the rubbish.我不知道怎样处理垃圾。
8.I have a lot of homework every day,and I have no choice but to do it.
每天我都有很多家庭作业，我别无选择，只能去做。
have no choice but to do sth.意为“别无选择只能做某事”，其中choice为名词，意为“选择”，make a choice 作出选择，but，介词，意为“除······外；只有”，相当于except。choice的动词为choose，意为“选择”，固定结构choose（sb.）to do sth.意为“选择（某人）做某事”。
e.g.Mary has no choice but to ask her mother for help.玛丽别无选择只好去找她妈妈帮忙。
9.I often have to stay up late.
我不得不经常熬夜。（见教材P36）
stay up，动词短语，意为“熬夜”，常与late连用。
固定结构：stay up to do sth.熬夜做某事。
e.g.Do you always stay up？你总是熬夜吗？
e.g.Don't let the children stay up late to watch TV.不要让孩子们熬夜看电视。
stay out 意为“待在户外；（晚上）不回家”。固定结构：stay out to do sth.待在外面做某事。
I don't stay out late on weekdays.工作日我不在外面待到很晚。
10. Then I sometimes find it hard to stay awake the next day.然后我有时发现第二天很难保持清醒。
解析
awake，形容词，意为“醒着的”，反义词为asleep，意为“睡着的”，常在句中作表语或宾语补足语。固定短语：stay／keep awake 保持清醒；half awake半睡半醒；wide awake 完全醒着的。awake的动词为wake，意为“醒来；叫醒”，固定短语：wake up醒来；叫醒。
Is he awake or asleep？他是醒着的还是睡着了？
注意
awake也可作定语，但只能作后置定语，不能作前置定语。
e.g. He was the only one boy awake at that time.
11.However. I hardly have any spare time for my hobbies like volleyball and music.然而，我几乎没有任何空闲时间花在我的爱好上，比如排球和音乐。（见教材P36）
解析hardly，副词，意为“几乎不”，是一个表示否定意义的频率副词，句中不可再使用其他否定词。位于实义动词之前或系动词、情态动词、第一个助动词之后，常与any，anything，anyone等连用。
e.g.My legs were so weak that I could hardly stand.我的腿如此虚弱以至于我几乎无法站立。
注意
在反意疑问句里，若主句中有hardly，其反意疑问部分要用肯定形式，类似用法的还有 seldom，never，few，little等。
You hardly write to each other, do you
你们几乎不给对方写信，是吗？
12. I cannot imagine my life without hobbies.
我不能想象没有爱好的生活。（见教材P36）
解析imagine，动词，意为“想象，设想”。其主语一般是表示人的名词或代词。固定用法有：
①imagine sth.表示“想象某事”。
e.g.We can hardly imagine life without electricity.
我们几乎不能想象没有电的生活。
② imagine sb.／sth.（to be）表示“想象某人／某事（为）······”。
e.g.She imagines herself to be a bird.
她想象自己是一只鸟。
③ imagine doing sth.表示“想象做某事”。
e.g.I can't imagine living without water or electricity.我无法想象没有水和电该怎样生活。
④“imagine＋从句”表示“想象······”。
e.g.I cannot imagine how I should deal with it.我不能想象我该怎样处理这件事。
13. I often doubt whether it is worth spending so much time on homework.我常常怀疑花这么多时间做家庭作业是否值得。
解析doubt，动词，意为“怀疑”，后面直接跟宾语。
固定用法有：
①“doubt＋名词／代词／动名词”表示“怀疑······”。
Why didn't she doubt the cheats
她为什么不怀疑骗子？
②whether／if从句（主句为肯定句）或that从句（主句为疑问句或否定句）”表示“怀疑······”。
I doubt if/whether Tom has taken my watch.
我怀疑汤姆是不是拿了我的手表。
I do not doubt that he will succeed.
我确信他会成功。
拓展doubt作名词，意为“疑惑；怀疑”，为不可数名词。
There is some doubt about the best way to do it.做这件事的最好方式还有些拿不准。
解析worth，形容词，意为“值得；值·····钱”，只作表语，且不能单独使用，其后通常接名词或动名词形式。固定短语：be（well）worth doing sth.（很）值得做某事。
The bike isn't worth repairing.
这辆自行车不值得修。
worth 不能用very，quite修饰，但可用 well，really，much等词修饰。
14 Can you offer me some suggestions
您能给我提供一些建议吗？
解析suggestion，名词，意为“建议”，为可数名词，同义词为advice，但advice为不可数名词。suggestion的动词为suggest.
Can you give me some suggestions/advice on how to learn English well
关于如何学好英语，你能给我一些建议吗？
15.However, my love of football has become the cause of my problem.
然而，我对足球的热爱已经成为我问题的原因。
解析cause，名词，意为“原因”，通常指产生一种后果的起因。固定短语：the cause of······的原因。
Don't complain without good causes.
没有合适的理由就不要抱怨。
What was the cause of the fire
火灾的起因是什么？
cause作动词，意为“引起；导致”。cause sth.for sb.给某人造成某事。
e.g.Smoking can cause lung cancer.吸烟可致肺癌。
16.| do not understand why they are so strict with me.
我不明白他们为什么对我要求如此严格。
strict，形容词，意为“严格的，严厉的”，在句中作表语或定语，可用very，so等词修饰。固定结构：be strict with sb.对某人要求严格；be strict about sth.对某事要求严格。
Our headmaster is so strict that all of us are afraid of him.
我们的校长是如此严厉以至于我们所有人都怕他。
His parents are very strict with him, especially about his study.
他的父母对他要求很严格，尤其是在他的学习上。
17.I look forward to your valuable advice.我期盼着您宝贵的建议。
解析valuable，形容词，意为“宝贵的；贵重的”，是由“value（名词，价值）＋-able（形容词后缀）”变化而来，在句中作定语或表语。
He has a valuable collection of stamps.
他的邮票收藏很有价值。
be valuable to sb.意为“对某人有价值”，相当于be of value to sb.。
The handbook is valuable to me in this new job.
=The handbook is of value to me in this new job.这本手册在这份新工作中对我有价值。
18.Make a list of all the homework you have.把你所有的家庭作业列一张清单。（见教材P39）
解析list，可数名词，意为“清单”。
Try to make a list of these expressions.设法列出这些表达的清单。
拓展
list作动词，意为“列出，列入，把······编列成表”。
The teacher listed all the students' names.老师把所有学生的名字列成了表。
19. Then work out how much time you need to finish it all.然后算出你需要多少时间来完成全部作业。（见教材P39）
解析
work out，动词短语，意为“算出；解决”，是由“动词＋副词”构成的，当接代词作宾语时，代词要放在work与out的中间。
Every one of us worked out a plan of study.
我们每个人都制订了一份学习计划。
The physics problem is very difficult. Would you please help me work it out
这道物理题很难。请你帮我解出它好吗？
星海拾贝（二）
一、根据句意及中文提示写出句中所缺单词。
1. Tony is always an honest boy. I never （怀疑）what he says.
2.How could Bob make such a mistake I can't （想象）what he had in his mind.
3．We should go easy on（对······宽容）that young boy. It＇s not good to be too （严格的）with him all the time.
4.To solve the problem, the first step is to find out what the （原因）is.
5.My grandpa （养成）the habit of jogging in the morning many years ago.
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. MVP is short for the Most (value)Player.
2. I don't think the movie Coming Home is worth (watch) twice.
3.Thanks for offering us such useful (suggest).
4. The baby has been (wake) for ten minutes.He is waiting for his mother to feed him.
Grammar
① 疑问词引导的宾语从句
解析（1）由疑问词引导的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的。疑问词分为疑问代词和疑问副词。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see，say，tell，ask，answer, know, decide, show, imagine, suggest,wonder， discover， understand， inform， advise等。
疑问代词 who（主格）／whom（宾语）谁 在句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语
whose谁的
which哪个
what什么
疑问副词 when什么时候 在句中作状语
where哪里
why为什么
how怎样；如何
e.g.
Do you know who will come this afternoon？（作主语）你知道今天下午谁会来吗？
Did you hear what she said？（作宾语）你听见她说的话了吗？
Do you know whose pen this is？（作定语）你知道这是谁的钢笔吗？
The girl is no longer what she used to be.（作表语）这个女孩不再是她曾经的那个样子了。
We didn＇t know when she would come back.（作状语）我们不知道她什么时候会回来。
Can you tell me how I can get there？（作状语）你能告诉我怎样到那里吗？
（2）宾语从句的语序
宾语从句要用陈述句语序，即：疑问代词／疑问副词＋主语＋谓语＋其他成分。
（3）宾语从句的时态
含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句的时态呼应包括以下三点内容：
①如果主句是一般现在时，从句可根据需要选用相应的任何时态。
I don't know when he will come back.
我不知道他将何时回来。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
②如果主句是过去时，宾语从句只可根据需要选用过去时，即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。
The children didn't know who he was.
孩子们不知道他是谁。
③如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理等，不管主句用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.老师说过地球绕着太阳转。
注意
标点符号由主句决定，若主句是陈述句、祈使句，就用句号；若主句是疑问句，则用问号。
提建议的固定句型
解析 英语中提建议的固定句型有：
(1)
该句型是用来提建议或征求对方意见的，意为“我（们）······好吗？”，语气委婉，商量的语气较浓。
Shall we go to the zoo？我们去动物园好吗？
(2)Let’s...
当你觉得可以直截了当地向对方提出建议，让对方和自己一起去做某事时，常用该句型，意为“咱们······吧”。该句型后常加附加问句构成句型“Let＇s...，shall w e 使语气更加委婉。
Let's listen to this tape, shall we
咱们听这盘磁带吧，好吗？
(3)Why not/don't you...
这两个句型用来向对方提出建议或询问某种原因，有时暗含责备对方的意思，意为“为什么不／你不·······呢？”。
Why not go and ask your teacher
=Why don't you go and ask your teacher 为什么不／你不去问你的老师呢？
(4)What/How about...
如果是在讨论式的谈话中，可用该句型提出一个建议或引出一个新的话题，意为“······怎么样？”。
What about meeting at the school gate
在校门口见面怎么样？
星海拾贝（三）
单项选择。
（ ）1．-You came back from Beijing yesterday. Could you tell me
-I went there by train.
A. how you went there
B. who you went with
C. what you think of the trip
D. if you enjoy the trip
( )2.-Kitty,do you know
-Sure,about forty minutes.
A. when did their class meeting begin
B. where their class meeting was held
C. how often their class meeting is held
D.how long their class meeting will last
( )3.-I feel stressed from time to time.
--Could you give me some advice
sharing your worries with your parents
A. Why don't you B. How about
C. Why not
D. Would you like
( )4.-If you're free tonight, what about having dinner together
A. It doesn't matter B. That's all right
C. All right D.Not at all
( )5.-Let's go and listen to Mr Smith's speech on Western culture, shall we
--It's getting to the end.
A.Why not B. That's all right.
C. I'm afraid not. D. Never mind.
20. I need silence when I'm studying.
我学习时需要安静。
解析
silence，名词，意为“安静，寂静；沉默”。固定短语：in silence安静地。
There was nothing but silence in the room.
房间里声息全无，一片寂静。
He is reading the picture book in silence.
他正安静地看着画册。
拓展 silence的形容词为silent，意为“安静的；沉默的”，同义词为quiet。
固定短语：keep／stay silent保持沉默；保持安静。
The old house is quite silent.这座老房子非常安静。
I hope you will keep silent after I am away.我希望我离开后你们保持安静。
21.I need someone to share my worries with. 我需要有人来分担我的烦恼。（见教材P40）
解析worry，名词，意为“担心；令人担忧的事”，表示具体的“令人担忧的人或事”时是可数名词，复数为worries。
worry作及物动词时，意为“使烦恼，使担忧”，作不及物动词时，意为“发愁；担心”，固定短语：worry about（doing）sth.担心（做）某事。worry的形容词为worried，意为“担忧的，担心的”，固定短语：be worried about（doing）sth.担心（做）某事。
I have no money worries.
我在金钱上没有什么烦恼的事。
22. Mr Friend says that youth workers help young people solve their problems.
弗兰德先生说青少年辅导员帮助年轻人解决他们的问题。（见教材P41）
解析solve，动词，意为“解决；解答”，后直接跟宾语，侧重给出一个答案，
同义短语为 work out。
e.g.How can teenagers solve the problem wisely 青少年如何才能明智地解决这个问题？
e.g.He is trying to solve a word puzzle（谜）.
他正在尽力解字谜。
23.Soon they got his replies.不久他们就收到了他的答复。（见教材P41）
解析
reply，名词，意为“答复，回答”，复数为replies。固定短语：get a reply得到答复。
She shrugged her shoulders and made no reply.她耸耸肩，不予回答。
拓展reply作动词，意为“回答，答复”，reply to 意为“对······作出答复；回答······”，相当于answer；作及物动词时，后常跟直接引语或that从句。
The teacher replied to John's question.
老师回答了约翰的问题。