Unit 4 Life on Mars （下）知识点解析练习（含部分答案）2023-2024学年牛津译林版英语九年级下册

9年级上半学期Unit4（下）
Grammar
1.The best moment in his career was in2004-he scored 41 points in a game against the Atlanta Hawks.(见教材P56页）
他职业生涯的最佳时刻是在2004年-在对战亚特兰大鹰队的一场比赛中，他得了41分。
解析
against，介词，意为“对抗”，常用于比赛、战争、决斗的双方。
We were playing football against No. 16 Middle School.
我们在和16中（的球队）踢足球。
拓展 against作介词，还表示“与······相反；违反；倚在；紧靠”。
The use of certain drugs is against the law.
施用某些药物是违法的。
They were walking against the wind.
他们正逆着风行走。
The policeman placed the ladder against the wall.那位警察把梯子靠在墙上。
提醒 against是介词，不要误用为动词。
误：They against the plan，
正：They are against the plan.
他们反对这个计划。
语法突破
① before.after.when和 while 引导的时间状语从句
概念：时间状语从句是指在复合句中充当时间状语的句子，一般来说，时间状语从句常由连词when，before，after.as soon as或until 等引导。
before，after，when 与 while
词条 含义 用法
before 意为“在·······之前” 主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前
after 意为“在······之后” 主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后
when 意为“当······时”，与延续性动词或短暂性动词连用 表示主句动作发生的特定时间
while 意为“当······时”，与延续性动词连用 强调主句动作和从句动作是同时发生的
意为“在······期间”，与延续性动词连用 表示主句动作发生在从句动作进行的过程中
Mother always gets ready for supper before I comeback from school.
妈妈总是在我放学回家前把晚饭准备好。
After he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.
在他完成家庭作业后，他休息了一会儿。
Can you tell me when the bank opens
你能告诉我银行什么时候开门吗？
While we were dancing, a stranger came in.当我们正在跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。
提醒
（1）若主句为一般将来时或是含有将来的意味，则时间状语从句要用一般现在时来代替将来，即遵循“主将从现”原则，而不能直接使用将来时。
（2）在when和while引导的从句中，当主句和从句的主语一致，并且从句中有be动词时，可以省略主语和be动词，构成“when／while＋v.-ing”结构。
While (I am) travelling, I like to buy some souvenirs.
旅行时我喜欢买些纪念品。
②since，till和until引导的时间状语从句辨析
词条 含义 用法
since 意为“自从······” 从句用一般过去时，而主句用现在完成时
till 意为“到······为止” 用法与until类似，但till不可置于句首
until 意为“直到······为止；直到······时” 从句为肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until所表示的时间，表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”；用于否定句时，主句的动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，表示“某动作直到某时间才开始”
I have lived here since I was born.
从我出生以来我就住在这儿。
We waited till／until he came.我们一直等到他来。
He didn't go to bed until eleven last night.昨天夜里他直到11点才上床睡觉。
③ as soon as 和 whenever 引导的时间状语从句
词条 含义 用法
as soon as 意为“一······就······” 强调动作紧密相连
whenever 意为“每当；无论何时” 主句和从句要么都用一般现在时，要么都用一般过去时，分别表示现在或过去的习惯动作
We started to sing as soon as it was 12 o'clock.一到12点，我们就开始唱起来。
Whenever she comes,she brings a friend.她每次来都带个朋友。
星海拾贝（二）
单项选择。
( )1. You'd better make a good plan you take a holiday.
A. before
B.during
C. until
D. after
( )2．（荆州中考）-There is always a smile on your face. Isn't there any trouble in your life
- Yes, there is. But life is like a mirror. you smile at it, it will smile back.
A.When
B. Before
C. Until
D.After
( )3.the children are having fun,parents can take dance lessons there.
A. Until B. If C. While D. Once
( )4.-You have been in Nanjing for a longtime,right
-Yeah. my parents came here.
A. For B.As C. When D. Since
( )5．We don＇t know the love of our parents we become
parents ourselves one day.
A. until B. after C. when D. since
( )6.-Are you the plan
-No.I______it.
A. for;am against
B. agree; am against
C. for; against
D. against;for
2. World War II broke out in Europe in 1939 and ended in 1945．第二次世界大战1939年爆发于欧洲，1945年结束。（见教材P57）
解析
break out，动词短语，意为“爆发”，常指战争、灾难、疾病或者争吵等不好事件突然发生，但其无被动结构。
He said that a war would break out.他说一场战争将要爆发.
A fire broke out in this hotel last night.昨晚这家旅馆发生了火灾。
break构成的短语有：
break down坏掉，出故障 break into 强行闯入
3. It was a record of that time. and it has also become a symbol of the victory of the human spirit.
它（这本书）记录了那个时代，也成为人类精神胜利的一个象征。 （见教材P57）
解析record，名词，意为“记录”。指对事实、事件等的记录或记载，也可表示（运动等的）“纪录”成绩。
History is a record of past events.
历史是对过去事件的记录。
record也可作动词，读作／ri＇ko：d／，意为“录制，录（像），录（音）”。
I want to use my mobile phone to record some short videos.
我想要用我的手机录制一些短视频。
4...they went into hiding in her father's office
他们躲藏在她父亲的办公室里（见教材P57）
解析go into hiding，动词短语，意为“躲藏起来”，后面可接地点状语。
They advised her to go into hiding for a while.他们建议她躲藏一会儿。
He was forced to go into hiding under the bed.他被迫躲藏在床下面。
5. Anne and her elder sister died of illness 安妮和她的姐姐死于疾病 （见教材P57）
解析dieof，动词短语，意为“死于”，后面接死亡的原因。
die of 与 die from
词条 含义 用法
die of 意为“死于” 强调死于内因.主要指疾病、饥饿、衰老等自身的原因，如：die of illness/heart trouble/ cancer/a fever等
die from 意为“死于” 强调死于外因，主要指灾祸、事故负伤等外部的原因。如：die from an earthquake/a traffic accident/a flash of lightning等
Nowadays many people die of cancer.
现在很多人死于癌症。
The man died of lung cancer.
这个男人死于肺癌。
Many old people died from the polluted air.许多老年人死于空气污染。
6.her father had her diary published
她的父亲使她的日记出版 （见教材P57）
have sth. done 意为“使某事被做，让／请某人做某事”，sth与done之间存在着被动关系，done所表示的动作一般由别人而不是主语做出，have为使役动词，意为“使，让”。
He wants to have his hair cut after school.
放学后他想去理发。
① have sth. to do 意为“有要做的某事”，其中to do作定语修饰sth.，且与sth.存在动宾关系。
Do you have anything to drink
你有什么喝的东西吗？
②have sb.do意为“让某人做”，不含to的不定式作宾补，表示具体的一次性或经常性的动作，sb.做出动作。make sb. do sth. let sb. do sth.
Mr Green has his son clean the room every day.格林先生让他儿子每天打扫房间。
7. Because the German Nazis hated the Jews and wanted to kill them, her family were forced to move to another country.因为德国纳粹讨厌犹太人并想杀死他们，安妮一家被迫搬到另一个国家（见教材P58）
German，形容词，意为“德国（人）的”，在句中作定语或表语。
A German scientist interrupted me and asked if I came from China,
一位德国科学家打断了我，并问我是否来自中国。
拓展①German作名词，意为“德国人；德语”，表示“德国人”时，复数为Germans。
My English teacher is a young German.
我的英语老师是位年轻的德国人
②Germany，名词，意为“德国”。
Germany is a European country.
德国是一个欧洲国家。
8.In her diary.Anne wrote down her thoughts, her feelings, her hopes and her dreams for the future.在她的日记中.安妮写下了她的想法、她的感受、她的希望以及她对未来的梦想（见教材P58）
解析
thought，名词，意为“想法，看法，主意”，为可数名词，复数为thoughts。thought还可表示“考虑，思索；思维”，为不可数名词，give sth.thought意为“认真考虑某事”。
I don't like the thought of your walking home alone.我不喜欢你一个人步行回家这个想法。
I've been giving your proposal a lot of thought.
我一直在认真考虑你的提议。
拓展 thought的形容词为thoughtful，意为“深思的；体贴的”；动词为think，意为“想，认为”。
It was thoughtful of you to send me the gift.
你真体贴，送我礼物。
9. I admire these children for their courage.
我佩服这些孩子的勇气。（见教材P58）
解析
courage，名词，意为“勇气”，为不可数名词。
固定短语：have（no）／lose courage to do sth. 有（没有）／丧失勇气去做某事。
He had no courage to destroy the letter.
他没有勇气毁掉那封信。
拓展
encourage，动词，意为“鼓励”，固定结构：encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事。
Tom's mum often encourages him to take part in all kinds of school activities.
汤姆的妈妈经常鼓励他参加各种学校活动。
10. Although we live in peace, some children in other parts of the world still live in fear of their lives.尽管我们生活在和平年代，世界上其他地区的一些孩子还活在为自己的生命安全担忧之中。（见教材P58）
解析 in fear of one＇s life 意为“为某人的生命安全担忧”。fear，名词，意为“害怕；惧怕；担忧”，in fear of意为“为······提心吊胆”。
They lived in fear of their master.
他们惧怕主人，提心吊胆地过日子。
星海拾贝（三）
一、根据句意及中文提示写出句中所缺单词。
1. The Zhangs decided to buy a （德国的）car at last.
2.- If we want to achieve success,we must have （勇气）to face failure.
-I agree with you.
3. The famous swimmer has broken the world （纪录）many times.
4. I hope my favourite basketball team will win the （胜利）in the basketball match tonight.
5. Lei Feng has been dead for many years, but his （精神）will remain with us forever.
二、根据中文提示，完成下列句子。
1．为了不被送去纳粹集中营，他们躲到了一个秘密的地方。
They in a secret place in order that they wouldn't a Nazi camp.
科学家们正在研制新药阻止人们死于那种疾病。
The scientists are developing new medicine to stop people from ·
3．我希望世界各地的孩子们能快乐地生活，不用为他们的生命安全担忧。
I hope that children all over the world can live happily,not
Study skills
12.a book which sells well
卖得很好的一本书（见教材P59）
解析
sell well，动词短语，意为“畅销”，不能用于被动语态中。
Mo Yan's books sell well in many countries.
莫言的书在许多国家畅销。
拓展
sell out，动词短语，意为“卖光”，常用于被动语态中，其被动结构为be sold out。
The books you ask for are all sold out.
你要的书都卖完了。
13.My father is in his fifties.
我爸爸50多岁。（见教材P60）
固定结构“in one＇s十几十的基数词的复数形式”表示“在某人······多岁时”。
He became a professor in his forties.
他40多岁时成了教授。
固定结构“in the十整十的年份数字＋-s”表示“在某个年代”。
In the 1960s, things were hard for the farmers.20世纪60年代，形势对农民来说很艰难。
14.You will not find anything unusual about him until you learn more.
直到你更多地了解他，你才会发现一些关于他的不寻常的事。 （见教材P60）
unusual，形容词，意为“不寻常的”，为usual的反义词，在句中作定语或表语。
I want to do something unusual during the holiday.我想在假期内做些不寻常的事情。
15. To my surprise, he has decided to donate his body for medical research after his death.让我惊讶的是，他已决定死后捐献遗体供医学研究。 （见教材P60）
(1)解析surprise，名词，意为“惊奇，诧异”。固定结构：to one＇s surprise意为“令某人惊讶的是”，常位于句首，在句中作伴随状语。
To my surprise, he arrived there on time.
令我惊讶的是，他准时到达了那里。
拓展
in surprise意为“惊奇地”，位于动词之后作状语，表示方式。
He opened his eyes wide in surprise.
他吃惊地睁大了眼睛。
“to one＇s＋情感名词”这一结构在英语中很常用。to one＇s joy 意为“令某人高兴的是”。
To their great joy, the sailors saw land at last.令水手们极为高兴的是，他们终于看到了陆地。
解析
(2)research，名词，意为“研究；调查”，为不可数名词，指对知识方面的新事物进行彻底调查、研究。固定结构：do research on sth.进行关于某事的研究。
He is doing research on Chinese literature.
他正在进行关于中国文学的研究。
拓展
research作动词，意为“研究”，后接名词。
The scientist researched the cause of the disease.这位科学家研究了这种疾病的起因。
写作指导
如何描述影响你成长的人
本单元围绕“运用 before，after，when，while，since，till，until，as soon as和 whenever引导的时间状语从句来谈论成长”这一话题展开教学活动。通过介绍一些人物的不平凡经历，鼓励同学们追求梦想、实现梦想。学习如何描述人物及其事迹。
写法指导
在写作时要熟悉写作的人物，同时要尽可能利用本单元所涉及的短语、句型和交际用语来提高写作能力。切记不要逐词、逐句翻译，语言要流畅、条理要清晰。另外，此类文章多使用一般现在时。
常用写作句型：
①... is the person who has influenced me most.
② ... is in his/her twenties/thirties/forties/....
③ You will not find anything unusual about him/her until....
④...has always been kind/helpful/....
⑤ To my surprise,....
⑥ When I was a little girl/boy, I could not understand....
⑦ Now I realize that....
根据所给中文提示，写一篇100词左右的短文，介绍一位对你影响最大的人物-林书豪。文中需包括他的信息介绍及成功之路。可先查阅一些资料，要求要点完整及语句通顺。
请赏析
Jeremy Lin, one of the most popular basketball players in the NBA,is the person who has influenced me most.
Jeremy Lin is a Chinese American. He was born on August 23rd, 1988 in California, the USA. He graduated from Harvard University.During school, he led Harvard University basketball team to win the Ivy League Group Champion and became the first Chinese-American （美籍华人）player in the NBA.
Jeremy Lin has been known to people for several years. In the game with Los Angeles Lakers when he played for New York Knicks, he scored even more than Kobe Bryant. Because of his sudden rise, Jeremy Lin was invited to participate in Rising Stars Challenge.
Now I realize that we can do almost anything if we never give up. I hope he can work hard as before and play better in the future.
星海拾贝（四）
一、根据句意及中文提示写出句中所缺单词。
1. It's （不寻常的）for Dave to be late.
2. To our （惊讶），the factory is still pouring waste water into the river near it.
3. What is your most important piece of （研究）？
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. It makes me very sad when thinking of my grandpa's (die).
2. She is in her (fifty),I suppose.
3.Mr Green (donate) money many times since 2001.
4.The whole world was (surprise) at the news.
单词句子检测
1．时期，时代n．
2．无论何时conj．
3．以，凭借 prep．
4．很多n．
5．得分 vt．＆ vi．
6．领导者n．
7．命名vt．
8．大学n．
9．仅仅；简直adv．
10．国家的adj．
11．成功vi．
12．尽管，虽然conj．
13．强迫，迫使vt．
14．逗留；保持不变vi．
15．成就，成绩n．
16．要紧，有重大影响vi．
17．对抗；与······相反；违反 prep．
18．记录n．
19．胜利n．
20．精神；幽灵；灵魂n．
21．德国（人）的adj．
22．想法，看法，主意n．
23．勇气n．
24．不寻常的adj．
25．惊奇，诧异n．
26．研究；调查n。
短语
1．成长，长大
2．挂在心上；惦念
3．大量，许多
4．参加······选拔（或试演）
5．泄气，灰心
6．改变某人的想法
7．成功地做某事
8．注意，察觉
9．爆发
10．躲藏起来
11．死于
12．为某人的生命安全担忧
13．在某人50多岁时
14．令某人惊奇的是
句型
1．直到你把它建好了再叫醒我。
2．你一点击鼠标就会有大量的信息。
3．上初中时，斯巴德参加了校队的选拔，但是一开始就因为他个子太矮而被拒绝了。
4.战争结束后，她的父亲收集了她的日记，并在1947年将它出版。
5．······无论何时他有一些余钱，他都把它给有需要的人。
单词句子检测答案
1．时期，时代n．time
2．无论何时conj． whenever
3．以，凭借 prep． through
4．很多n． deal
5．得分 vt．＆ vi． score
6．领导者n． leader
7．命名vt． name
8．大学n． university
9．仅仅；简直adv． simply
10．国家的adj． national
11．成功vi． succeed
12．尽管，虽然conj． although
13．强迫，迫使vt． force
14．逗留；保持不变vi． remain
15．成就，成绩n． achievement
16．要紧，有重大影响vi． matter
17．对抗；与······相反；违反 prep． against
18．记录n． record
19．胜利n． victory
20．精神；幽灵；灵魂n． spirit
21．德国（人）的adj． German
22．想法，看法，主意n． thought
23．勇气n． courage
24．不寻常的adj． unusual
25．惊奇，诧异n． surprise
26．研究；调查n. research
短语
1．成长，长大 grow up
2．挂在心上；惦念 on one’s mind
3．大量，许多 a great deal of
4．参加······选拔（或试演） try out for sth.
5．泄气，灰心 lose heart
6．改变某人的想法 change one’s mind
7．成功地做某事 succeed in doing sth.
8．注意，察觉 take notice of
9．爆发 break out
10．躲藏起来 go into hiding
11．死于 die of/from
12．为某人的生命安全担忧 in fear of one’s life
13．在某人50多岁时 in one’s fifties
14．令某人惊奇的是 to one’s surprise
句型
1．直到你把它建好了再叫醒我。 Don’t wake me up until you finishing building it.
2．你一点击鼠标就会有大量的信息。As soon as you click the mouse,there’s a great deal of information.
3．上初中时，斯巴德参加了校队的选拔，但是一开始就因为他个子太矮而被拒绝了。
While attending junior high,Spud tried out for the school team,but he was refused at first because he was too small.
4.战争结束后，她的父亲收集了她的日记，并在1947年将它出版。
After the war,her father collected her diary and had it published it in1947.
······无论何时他有一些余钱，他都把它给有需要的人。
Whenever he has some money left, he gives it to someone in need.
星海拾贝（一）
一．whenever times through deal
二．BA
三．on your mind growing up is
星海拾贝（二）
1-6 AACDAA
星海拾贝（三）
一．unusual surprise research
二．death fifties has donated surprised