广东省中山市人教版2016年中考初中英语语法精讲精练课件 第一节 名词

课件42张PPT。英语第1节　名词考点突破中考导航课堂小测中考模拟演练中考导航名词是表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念名称的词。从名词所表示的事物的性质看，可以分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。可数名词有复数形式，不可数名词一般没有复数形式。从名词的类别看，个体名词和集体名词是可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词。可数名词的单数形式一般可以用不定冠词(a，an)修饰；不可数名词一般不能用不定冠词(a，an)修饰。首页末页考点突破首页末页1.可数名词的复数形式的构成考点突破首页末页2.以o结尾的名词变为复数时，一般表示无生命含义的词加“s”，表示有生命含义的词加“es”，读［z］。如:photo→photos，piano→pianos，two→twos
hero→heroes，tomato→tomatoes，potato→potatoes考点突破首页末页 3.个别名词单数形式和复数形式是一样的。如:sheep，deer，fish，Chinese等。4．“某国人”变复数口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面。如：Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese;
Englishman→Englishmen, Frenchman→Frenchmen;
American→Americans, German→Germams
5.集体名词:表示由若干个体组成的集合体。如:family，class，team，group，army等。
集体名词作主语，如视为整体，谓语动词用单数。如视为个体成员，谓语动词用复数。如:
Our team needs money to play in another city. 我们队需要钱去另一个城市比赛。
My family are very well. 我的家人都很好。考点突破首页末页6.只能用复数形式的名词：trousers，clothes，people, police, cattle。
7.由两个名词组成的复合名词常在最后一个名词变复数。如： a girl student→two girl students an apple tree→five apple trees
但如果第一个名词是man或woman时，两个名词都要变复数。如：a woman teacher→ten women teachers a man nurse→three men nurses 考点突破首页末页母题训练
（ ）1.(2015广东)Mickey mouse is one of the most famous _____ in American________.
A.symbol；culture B. symbol；cultures
C. symbols；culture D. symbols；culturesC考点突破中考预测
（ ）5. —What a good ______ you’ve given me! Thanks a lot.
—My pleasure.
A.information B.news C.suggestion D.adviceC首页末页母题训练
（ ）2.(2012广东)The students of Grade 7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many there.
A.bird B.duck C.sheep D.rabbitC考点突破中考预测
（ ）6. My sister has a pen pal.She is from .
A.Canada B.Japanese C.English D.AustralianA母题训练
（ ）3. (2011广东)—I hear you run for half an hour every day.
—Right, we have to.It is one of the
in our school.
A.rules B.plans C.hobbies D.choicesA考点突破中考预测
( )7. My father loves fishing.It’s one of his .
A.hobbies B.hobby
C.a hobby D.some hobbies A首页末页考点突破母题训练
( )4. (2010广东)Look! The kites in the sky are in different .Some are big and some are small.
A.size B.sizes C.colour D.colours
B中考预测
( )8. Could you give some to the teachers?
A.advice; man B.advices; men
C.suggestion; man D.suggestions; menD首页末页1．不可数名词通常无复数形式。
2．在没有量词的情况下，不可数名词前不能用a、an这两个不定冠词。
3.不可数名词的量不可数名词要表示“一件”、“一个”等“量”的概念时，要用“数词+表示数量的名词+of+名词”来表示。如：
a piece of paper(一张纸) two pieces of paper(两张纸) a cup of tea(一杯茶) five cups of tea(五杯茶) a bottle of juice(一杯果汁) four bottles of juice(四杯果汁)
4.某些名词，表示物质或抽象概念时是不可数的，而在表示个体概念时是可数的。 如: A glass is made of glass. 玻璃杯是由玻璃制成的。 句中的第一个glass是玻璃杯，是个体名词，是可数的。第二个glass意思是玻璃，是物质名词，就是不可数的了。 再如:paper(纸)不可数，a paper(报纸，论文，试卷)可数。考点突破英语首页末页
母题训练
( )1. (2013广东)—Mum,I’ve heard that we can’t eat______ these days.Is it true?
—Take it easy.It is safe to eat cooked meat.
A.chicken B.chickens C.a chicken D.the chicken
中考预测
( )2. There isn’t any______in the fridge.We need to go shopping.
A.oranges B.milk C.eggs D.apples A考点突破B首页末页名词所有格用来表示名词和名词之间的所属关系。
1.表示有生命名词的所有格，单数形式是加s，复数形式加s’。如:students’ rooms，father’s shoes。
2.表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格用s’。如:a twenty minutes’ walk，ten miles’journey，two pounds’weight，ten dollars’ worth。
3.无生命名词的所有格则用of结构。如:a map of China。the end of this term，the capital of our country。
5.双重所有格
a friend of my mother’s（我妈妈的一个朋友）
a picture of Tom’s（汤姆的一张图片） 考点突破首页末页6.表示商铺、某人的家、诊所或餐馆等的名词所有格，其后名词可以省略。
巧学妙记：名词所有格，某物是“谁的”。
构成有方法，多数把’s加。
复数词尾有s，只加“‘”即可。
名词无生命，常把of用。
时间、地点和距离，所有格多用s’。
at my uncle’s(在我叔叔的家里) at the doctor’s(在医生的诊所里)
7.可用’s或of短语表示的名词所有格
the boy’s name=the name of the boy(男孩的名字)
the dog’s legs=the legs of the dog(狗的腿)
China’s population=the population of China(中国的人口)
China’s capital=the capital of China(中国的首都)考点突破首页末页母题训练
( )1. (2014广东) Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on Day.
A.Woman B.Women C.Woman’s D.Women’s
中考预测
( )3. Tomorrow is .The students want to buy some flowers for their teachers.
A.Teacher Day B.Teacher’s Day
C.Teachers’ Day D.the Teachers Day D考点突破C首页末页母题训练
( )2. (2008广东) mothers both work in the same hospital.
A.Tim and Peter’s B.Tim’s and Peter
C.Tim’s and Peter’s D.Tim and Peter
中考预测
( )4. This is computer.
A.Ann’s and Tom B.Ann and Tom’s
C.Ann and Tom D.Ann’s and Tom’s C考点突破B考点突破 易混名词辨析 （ ★ ★ ★）
1.cloth, clothes, clothing与dress
(1)cloth指“布”、“布料”。
(2)clothes指具体的衣服，包括内衣、外衣，不能与数词连用。
(3)clothing是服装的总称，包括内衣、外衣，还包括帽子、鞋袜、手套之类，只用单数，无复数。
(4)dress作不可数名词时，指外衣，尤指社交场合穿的服装。作可数名词时，常指连衣裙。
练习: ①a dish .
②I want to buy sports .
③Now people are all in their winter .
④She wore a blue last night. clothclothesclothingdress考点突破2.dinner与meal的区别
(1)dinner是指“正餐(午饭或晚饭)”或“宴会”。
(2)meal是指“一餐(一顿饭)”而言。
练习: ①Let’s go and have together.
②What time do you usually have your ?
3.sound, voice, noise
(1)sound“声音”，指耳朵能听到的各种声音，多做可数名词。
(2)voice“声音”，主要指人的声音。
(3)noise指“噪音”。 可以作可数名词，也可做不可数名词，词组有:make a noise等。
练习: ①I was waiting for the of the other shoe!
②The teacher said in a loud ,“Please keep silent.”
③But every night he heard the upstairs. dinnermealsvoicenoisesound考点突破4.job与work
都可译为“工作”、“劳动”。job，work是常用词，其区别: job是可数名词，work是不可数名词。
练习: ①She got a of washing clothes.
②It takes a lot of to build a building.
5.person，people与man的区别
这三个词有共同之处，都有“人”的意思，但也有不同之处。
(1)person是指“人”(男人或女人)，有单数形式，也有复数形式。
(2)people是复数形式，指“人民；人们”，不能指一个人。
(3)man专指“男人”也指“人类”(不用复数形式，不加冠词)。
练习: ①Two are waiting for you.
②He lived for the and died for the people.
③All must die. jobworkpeoplepersonsmen考点突破6.problem与question
都可译为“问题”，但它们所含的意思并不相同。
(1)question一般是指等待回答的“问题；提问”。
(2)problem一般是指等待解决(solve)或决定(decide)的“问题；难题”.
练习: ①May I ask some ?
②That’s no .I can lend you my money.
7.table与desk
都可译为“桌子”，其区别:table通常用于吃饭，游乐等。desk用于读书或办公，并且大多附有抽屉，常被称为“书桌”、“课桌”、“办公桌”等。
练习: ①We were at when he arrived.
②There are many in the classroom. problemquestionstabledesks考点突破8.floor与ground
两者都有“地面、地上”的含义。其区别:floor 一般指室内的地上、地板、地面，而ground常指室外的地面，也可泛指地球表面。
练习: ①He was sitting on the when I came in.
②The is wet now.It must have rained last night.
9.door与gate
都可译为“门”。其区别:
(1)door 一般指房子、房间、家具等的门，还可用于比喻意义。
(2)gate指围墙、栅栏、篱笆等的开口处。
练习: ①Close the when you go out.
②He walked through the into the garden. floorgrounddoorgate考点突破10.road，way, street
(1)road指“公路；马路”，指两侧之间可以通行人或车辆的大道。“在马路上”一般用on the road。“穿过马路”用cross the road(或go across the road)。
(2)way意为“路线；路途；方法”等，统指从一地到另一地的路途。常用固定词组有in this way(用这种方式)；on the way to(在去……的路上)；get in the way of(挡道)等。
(3)street表示“街道”，其两边有建筑物。“在街上”一般用in the street。“穿过街道”一般用go through the street。
练习: ①Excuse me,can you tell me the to the post office?
②When he went home, he saw an old woman lying in the .
③The in this village is wider than before. wayroadstreet考点突破11.family, home
(1)family表示“家；家庭”，也可指全体家庭成员。
(2)home意为“家”，带有眷恋等感彩。
练习: ①Tom has a big .There are six people in his .
②She has been in Shenzhen for 10 years.Shenzhen has become her second .
12.idea, advice
(1)idea表示“主意”，是可数名词。 例如:a good idea一个好主意
(2)advice表示“建议”，“忠告”，是不可数名词。例如:a piece of advice 一个忠告(一个建议)
练习:①Can you give me some on how to learn English well？
②He has got a good to deal with his old books. familyfamilyhomeadviceidea名词辨析完形填空专练Once there lived an unhappy king who slept badly and didn't feel like eating anything. This made the ___1___and his people worried. A ___2____ was called in to examine him. The doctor said it's all in his mind instead of his body. So neither ___3___nor rest could help him but a shirt of a happy person.
The prime minister was called to the ___4____. When hearing the king's situation, he said," Although I have much ___5____, it doesn't make me happy. I'm always worried about losing it." Then, the king's banker came and said he had lots of wealth, but he also worried about losing it. He was never happy, either. Next, the palace singer came and his ___6____ were almost the same.
Finally, the top general was told to find a happy ____7____ in three days' time. Luckily, he found a poor man without power, money or fame singing happily on a ___8___. The general asked him what made him so happy. The poor man answered that he had everything he wanted and he didn't want those he couldn't have. His __9____ came from the happiness in his heart. When the general asked for the man's ___10____, to his surprise ,the man said," What shirt? I don't own any shirts! "
?( )1.A. queen B. prince C. princess D. brother
( )2. A. man B. woman C. doctor D. superman
( )3. A. gold B. power C. money D. medicine
( )4. A. palace B. house C. room D. grassland
( )5. A. money B. gold C. power D. help
( )6. A. words B. songs C. questions D. shirts
( )7. A. man B. singer C. king D. queen
( )8. A. palace B. street C. island D. river
( )9. A. shirts B. words C. money D. songs
( )10. A. song B. shirt C. money D. happiness
ACDACAABD B课堂小测 （ ）1. （2015娄底）－Would you like some _____ for dinner?－OK.
A.tomatos B.tomato C.tomatoes D. potatos
（ ）2.（2015江西）There are lots of _____ that students have to follow in school.
exercises B. problems C. skills D. rules
（ ）3. （2015云南） You are supposed to be more careful to make fewer while you are writing.
trouble B. matter C. mistakes D. problems
( )4.(2015湖北黄冈)—What's your favorite,Jim?
—My favorite is .I often listen to it on MP3.
sports B. dance C. science D. music
CDCD课堂小测 ( )5.(2015山东潍坊)On September 3 there will be some China to celebrate the 70-year victory of the Anti-Japanese War.
A.actions B. projects C. traditions D. activities
( )6.(2015海南 )I think Zhou Xun is one of the best . I like her movies very much
doctors B. players C. actresses D. teachers
（ ）7．（2015哈尔滨）Health is important for us teenagers, so we should eat more vegetables such as ____ to keep healthy．A．tomatoes and potatoes B．tomatos and potatos
C．tomatos and potatoes D. tomato and potato
（ ）8.（2015德州）The New York Times is a popular daily _____.
A.dictionary B.magazine C.newspaper D.guidebook
DCAC课堂小测 （ ）9.（2015天津）In 1998, Liu Xiang’s _____ in hurdling was noticed by Sun Jiangping.
ability B. trade C. electricity D. memory
（ ）10.（2015温州）Annie has a _____, and she is going to see her dentist today.
cold B. fever C. cough D. toothache
（ ）11. （2015武威）He has a collection of _____. He can not only enjoy them but also use them to mail letters.
A.stamps B.novels C.instruments D.magazines
( )12.(2015兰州 )I paid￥10 for this morning.
A.4 bottle milks B.4 bottles of milk C.4 bottles of milks D.4 milk
AAD B课堂小测 ( )13.(2015山东青岛 )Yesterday Lucy told us such good that we were all amazed at it.
news B.ideas C. suggestion D. answer
（ ）14.（2015辽宁）—I’m hungry. May I have something to eat?
—OK. Here’s some ________.
orange B. bread C. water D. milk
( ) 15.(2015黑龙江)Could you give me some ______?I tried several times but failed.
notice B. suggestion C. advice D. warm
( )16.(2015乌鲁木齐) Our teachers usually give us some on how to face the difficulties and challenges .
A.advice；brave B.advices；brave C.advices；bravely D.advice；bravely
ACBD课堂小测 （ ）17.（2015克拉玛依）_____ are planning to go on vacation.
Black’s B. A Black’s C. The Black’s D. The Blacks
（ ）18.（2015武威）_____ mothers can’t go to the parents’ meeting because they are too busy.
A.Jack’s and Paul B.Jack’s and Paul’s C.Jack and Paul’s D.Jack and Paul
( )19.(2015达州)—Whose dog is this？
—It's　　　　. Both of 　　　　 like it very much.
A.Eric's and Mike's；them B.Eric and Mike's；them
C.Eric and Mike's；they D.Eric's and Mike's；they
（ ）20．（2015佛山）Times magazine says that smart Lego has become one of
favorite toys.
A.child B.children C children's D.child’s
DBBC英语首页末页( )1. —What _____ bow of noodles would you like,small,medium or large?
—A large bowl of beef noodles,please.
A.color B.pirce C.size D.kind
( )2. —Do you like ______? —No, I like blue.
A.orange B.apples C.flowers D.milk
( )3—After P.E., I often feel very thirsty.—Why not buy some to drink?
A.bread B.noodles C.apple juice D.teas
( )4. Spring is Tom’s favourite .He likes warm weather.
A.holiday B.season C.fruit D.drink
C中考模拟演练ACB首页末页( )5. —You may go to Milan for a free trip.
—It’s a very kind , but I really can’t accept it.
A.excuse B.offer C.promise D.decision
( )6. —Lily, could you please pass me the ? I want to cut the apple.
—Sure, here you are.
pen B. pencil C. book D. knife
( )7. I am tired.This is not the right to ask me to go for a walk.
A.moment B.chance C.place D.season
( )8. In this test, we’re asked to write a passage of about .
A.80-words B.80-word C.80 words D.80 words’ DA中考模拟演练DC首页末页( )9. —How far is it from Tianjin to Changsha？
—It is a flight from Tianjin to Changsha.
A.2-hour-long B.2-hours-long
C.2 hours’ long D.2 hour long
( )10. When Peter comes, please ask him to leave a .
A.notice B.message C.sentence D.information
( )11.What will global warming(全球变暖) bring us? Scientists have given us a clear list.
A.news B.dangers C.courses D.advantages
( )12.If you work harder, you’ll have another to play the violin at a concert.
A.sleep B.chance C.mistake D.problem 中考模拟演练A BBB首页末页( )13.Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef, vegetables and .
A.some rice B.a few rice C.a little rices D.a rice
( )14. The boy didn’t sleep well last night because of the
from the factory.
A.voice B.noise C.music D.song ?
( )15.There are some in Dayton Art Museum.For example, no food or drink is allowed inside.
A.jobs B.records C.rules D.paintings BA中考模拟演练B( )16. —Mum, I am hungry.May I have some ?
—Of course.But don’t eat too much.
A.bread B.noodle C.dumpling D.hamburger A首页末页
( )17.—When is Day?
—It’s on June 1st, Dave.
A.Child B.Children C.Child’s D.Children’s
( )18.Mr.Black is a teacher of .She and her classmates like him very much.
A.my sister B.my sister’s C.my sisters D.my sisters’ ?
( )19.—Excuse me, is the museum far from here?
—No, it’s about .
A.5 minutes walk B.5 minute walk
C.5 minutes’ walk D.5 minute’s walk
( )20. —I like the new teacher.
—Me,too.Yesterday she gave me on studying Chinese.
A.some advices B.an advice
C.many advices D.some advice
D中考模拟演练BCD英语首页末页( )21. There was a food accident in this primary school.
About 60 were ill,but no were lost.
A.child;lives B.children;life
C.children;lives D.child;life
( )22. If you want to keep in good ,you should take every day.
A.health;exercises B.healths;exercise
C.health;exercise D.healths;exercises
( )23. —How many _________are there on the table? —Only two.
A.glasses of orange B.glasses of oranges
C.glass of orange D.glass of oranges
( )24. For breakfast,I usually have and two pieces of bread.
A.a cup of milk half B.half a cup of milk
C.a half milk cup D.half a milk cup
DB中考模拟演练CC首页末页( )25. Paper-making is of ancient China.
A.one of greatest inventor
B.one of the greatest inventors
C.one of greatest invention
D.one of the greatest inventions
( )26. the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are
teachers.
A.A number of;women B.A number of; woman
C.The number of;women D.The number of;woman
( )27. It is five years since we began to enjoy a _____ spring holiday each year.
A.ten-day B.ten day C.ten day’s D.ten-days
( )28. Mary’s skirt is the same as her .
A.sisters B.brother C.sister’s D.brothers
C中考模拟演练DCA首页末页( )29. I don’t think looking after children is just __ work.
A.woman B.woman’s C.women D.women’s
( )30. I want to have a house next to my so that they can look after my son.
A.parent B.parents C.parent’s D.parents’
( )31. I hear we will have a holiday in .
A.two day’s;two day’s time B.two-day;two day’s time
C.two-day;two days’ time D.two days;two-day time
( )32. —What is Miss Gao’s favourite ?
—She is always in pink.Don’t you know?
A.colour B.book C.song D.movie
中考模拟演练CDDA首页末页 ( )33. Lee is new in Nanchang.Maybe he needs a ______for sightseeing.
A.watch B.ticket C.map D.notebook
( )34. Mr.White,the principal, has made a great______to the growth of the school.
A.contribution B.progress C.invention D.protection
( )35. I am sure Cindy will be able to find the hotel，she has a pretty
good of direction.
A.idea B.feeling C.experience D.sense
( )36. —It’s a wise to wear the white tie.It matches your shirt well.
—Thank you very much.
A.choice B.support C.mixture D.honour
AA中考模拟演练CA首页末页( )37. —Would you like some ?
—No,thanks.I’m not hungry at all.
A.water B.soup C.orange D.bread
( )38. —I’m very thirsty now.
—Would you like some ?
A.tea B.fish C.noodles D.potatoes
( )39. —I hear you are not allowed to eat in class.
—Right.It’s one of the ______in our school.
A.plans B.orders C.rules D.suggestions
( )40. The _______ action film has attracted millions of young people to the cinema.
A.130-minute B. 130-minutes C. 130 minute D. 130 minutes中考模拟演练DDAA英语首页末页谢谢！