外研版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 4 Everyday Economics Using language 定语从句课件(共36张PPT)
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 4 Everyday Economics Using language 定语从句课件(共36张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-06-30 23:04:45 | ||
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(共36张PPT)
Unit 4 Everyday economics
Section Ⅲ Using language
复习定语从句
Ⅰ.观察感悟
1.The place where this happens is a valley, a world away from any television studio.
2.Zhang never thought that this was something she would end up doing.
3.Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses, which surprised many people.
4.As someone who grew up in the country, Zhang already knew about growing plants.
5.However, like any entrepreneur who was just starting out, she still
had a lot to learn.
观察上面的句子可知，这些句子中都含有定语从句。第1句中使用
了_______引导的定语从句，修饰先行词The place，关系词在从句中作
________语；第2句中含有省略了关系词_____的定语从句；第3句中
which引导______________从句；第4、5句中都使用了_____引导的定
语从句，关系词在从句中作主语。
where
地点状
that
非限制性定语
who
Ⅱ.要点精析
1.概述
（1）定义:用来限制、描绘或说明主句中某一个名词或代词（有时也可以说明整个主句或主句中的一部分）而起定语作用的从句叫作定语从句。它所修饰的对象称为先行词。
（2）关系词的用法
关系词 指代对象 关系词在从句中所作的成分
关系代词 that 人或物 主、宾、表
which 物 主、宾、表
who 人 主、宾、表
whom 人 宾
whose 人或物 定
as 人或物 主、宾、表
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
（3）分类:定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。
2.关系代词与关系副词的选用
定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可以用以下方法判断：
依据 用法
根据从句的谓语动 词 是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；是不
及物动词，则用关系副词。
根据关系词在从句 中所作的成分 若关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，用关系
代词，作状语则用关系副词。
This is the factory where he used to work.
这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。
Is this the museum that/which was built last year 这就是去年建的那家博物馆吗
3.as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
（1）在位置上，as引导的从句可放在主句前、后或中间，而which只能放在主句后。
As the famous militarist once said, attack is the best method of defence.
正如这位著名的军事家曾经所说,进攻是最好的防守。
I often called them gentlemen,which made them giggle.
我经常称他们为绅士， 这让他们咯咯地笑。
（2）在含义上,as有“正如”之意，而which意为“这一点，这件事”。
He changed his mind again,which made us all angry.
他又改变了主意，这使我们都生气了。
4.关系词that和which的选择
（1）宜用that不用which的情况
①当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.
这是我曾吃过的最美味的食物。
②当先行词是all、little、few、much、everything、nothing、none等不定代词或被这些词修饰时。
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已经做了。
③当先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same等修饰时。
This is the very book that I want to buy.
这就是我想买的那本书。
④当先行词既包含人又包含物时。
They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them.
他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的女英雄及她们的事迹。
（2）宜用which不用that的情况
①引导非限制性定语从句时。
Football, which is an interesting game, is very popular all over the world.
足球是一项有趣的运动，在全世界都非常受欢迎。
②“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时。（见后面内容）
This is the house in which Mo Yan once lived.
这就是莫言曾经住过的房子。
（3）当先行词本身就是that时。
That which you told him is what we want to know.
你告诉他的事情就是我们想知道的。
（4）在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句,其中一个的关系代词是that,那么另一个的关系代词应用which。
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.
让我给你看看我从新开的图书馆借来的小说。
5.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which或whom,不可用that或who。先行词指物时用which,指人时用whom。
（1）介词选择的三原则:一先二动三意义。
一先:根据先行词的习惯搭配来确定。
Remember the day on which/when you joined our club
你还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗
二动:根据从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来确定。
This is the house in which/where I lived two years ago.
这是我两年前住过的房子。
三意义:根据从句所表达的意义来确定。
My computer, without which I can't surf the Internet, crashed yesterday.
昨天我的电脑死机了，没有它我上不了网。
（2）“名词/代词/数词+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句，该结构在定语从句中一般作主语。
The building had been repaired, the roof of which was destroyed again in the big fire.
那座大楼已经被修复了，但在这次大火中，楼顶又被烧毁了。
6.定语从句中的主谓一致
（1）关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式根据先行词的形式确定。
I'm fond of the piece of music which is popular with the teenagers.
我喜欢受青少年欢迎的那首曲子。
（2）one of+复数名词+定语从句（复数谓语）;the only one of+复数名词+定语从句（单数谓语）
She was one of the students who were late this morning.她是今早迟到的学生中的一个。
He is the only one of the students that has a good command of French.
他是这些学生中唯一精通法语的。
7.where引导的定语从句与状语从句
句法作用 关系副词:引导定语 从句 从属连词:引导状语
从句
修饰谁 前面的地点名词 主句或主句的谓语动
词
能否替换成“介词+which” 能 不能
位置 主句之后或主句中间 主句之前或主句之后
Is there a shop around where I can blow my bike tyres up （定语从句）
附近有店可以让我给我的自行车车胎打气吗
She found her passport where she lost it.（地点状语从句）
她在丢失护照的地方找到了护照。
Ⅲ.实战演练
单句填空
1. The man with _______ he had a talk yesterday is a doctor.
whom
2. Her parents wouldn't let her marry anyone _______ family was
poor.
whose
3. This is the new bicycle on _______ I spent five hundred dollars.
which
4. Tell me the reason _____ the American lady left in a hurry.
why
5. ____ is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns.
As
6. Do you know the boy _____ was praised at the meeting
who
7. The manager walked toward the gate _______ the workers were
waiting.
where
8. She came around to explain the reason _____ she was absent from
the meeting.
why
9. The only thing _____ she could do was go to the police for help.
that
10. Such reasons ___ we give can persuade him to give up his
foolish plan.
as
语篇填空
There was a time 1.______ I was tired of learning English and
disliked speaking English. And this was the reason 2._____ my father
forced me to take part in a 30-day training course in an English club
before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club,
3._______ I met many strangers,I missed my parents very much. So I
packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately,my guide,
4._______ teacher was Mr. Yu,communicated with me face to face,
when
why
where
whose
from 5._______ I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me
a good partner,and we got along well with each other. Gradually I
adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other
teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.__________ we did. I
should be grateful to my father and the guide, 7._____ encouraged me
to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn
English,into 8._______ I put my entire energies. Every day I read
words and passages aloud. Before going to sleep, I recall the passages
I have learnt,through 9._______ I can memorize a large number of
new words. 10.____ our English teacher says,“As long as you form
the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance,you
will conquer English sooner or later.”
which
that/which
who
which
which
As
词句精讲·夯实基础
1 deserve v.应受，应得，值得
情境佳句
①Emotional and mental problems arising from physical causes deserve our attention.
由生理原因引起的情绪和精神问题值得我们注意。
②Those who are willing to give rather than receive deserve to be respected.
那些乐于给予而非索取的人值得被尊重。
归纳拓展
（1）deserve+n. 值得……；应得……
deserve to do sth.值得/应该做某事
deserve doing=deserve to be done值得被做
deserve attention/consideration/sympathy
值得注意/考虑/同情
deserve blame/punishment应受责备/惩罚
（2）deserve后接v.-ing的主动形式表示被动含义，有此类用法的词语还有need、want（需要）、require、worth等。
学以致用
［单句填空/一句多译］
① We had trained much and prepared well in every detail, so we
deserved _______（win）.
to win
② Poetry of the Tang Dynasty deserves _________________（read）
again and again all the time.
reading/to be read
③ 我认为这个建议值得认真考虑。
→I think the suggestion ___________________________.（deserve+n.）
→I think the suggestion ________________________________.
（deserve+to be done）
→I think the suggestion ___________________________.
（deserve+doing）
deserves careful consideration
deserves to be considered carefully
deserves considering carefully
2 superior adj.质量上乘的，优质的 n.级别（或地位、职位）更高的人
情境佳句
①Helen was chosen for the job because she was far superior to any other candidate.
海伦获选担任此职位，因为她比其他任何候选人都要优秀得多。
②My brother is senior to me by two years.
我哥哥比我年长两岁。
③What did you do prior to coming here
你来这里之前做什么事？
归纳拓展
be superior to比……更好；更胜一筹
be superior in在……方面优越
名师点津
superior本身已含有比较意味，所以没有比较级；另外，在两者作比较时，不能与than连用，而是与介词to连用，类似用法还有：
be senior to sb. （by+时间） 比……年长（几岁）
be junior to比……年幼
be prior to在……之前
学以致用
［单句填空/完成句子］
① To avoid an delay on your trip, please be sure to keep a close
eye on the local requirements prior ___ your flight departure.
to
② 我们比动物高一等这种想法是错误的。
It is wrong to think that _________________________.
we are superior to animals
3 go into debt陷入债务之中，负债
情境佳句
①Avoid luxuries so that you don't go into debt.（教材原句）
杜绝奢侈品，以免你陷入债务之中。
②Some students are heavily/deeply in debt.
一些学生债台高筑。
③He managed to pay off his debts in two years.
他设法在两年内还清了债务。
归纳拓展
get/run into debt （=go into debt） 陷入债务之中，负债（表示动作）
be in debt欠债，负债（表示状态）
get out of debt摆脱债务（表示动作）
be out of debt没有负债（表示状态）
pay off one's debts还清某人的债务
学以致用
［用含有debt的短语填空］
① We were poor but we never ____________________.
went/got/ran into debt
② He did not look forward to being ________ because his restaurant
was no longer popular.
in debt
③ It's hard to ______________ when you are a student.
be out of debt
④ I need to _________________ before I leave the country.
pay off my debts
Thanks
Unit 4 Everyday economics
Section Ⅲ Using language
复习定语从句
Ⅰ.观察感悟
1.The place where this happens is a valley, a world away from any television studio.
2.Zhang never thought that this was something she would end up doing.
3.Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses, which surprised many people.
4.As someone who grew up in the country, Zhang already knew about growing plants.
5.However, like any entrepreneur who was just starting out, she still
had a lot to learn.
观察上面的句子可知，这些句子中都含有定语从句。第1句中使用
了_______引导的定语从句，修饰先行词The place，关系词在从句中作
________语；第2句中含有省略了关系词_____的定语从句；第3句中
which引导______________从句；第4、5句中都使用了_____引导的定
语从句，关系词在从句中作主语。
where
地点状
that
非限制性定语
who
Ⅱ.要点精析
1.概述
（1）定义:用来限制、描绘或说明主句中某一个名词或代词（有时也可以说明整个主句或主句中的一部分）而起定语作用的从句叫作定语从句。它所修饰的对象称为先行词。
（2）关系词的用法
关系词 指代对象 关系词在从句中所作的成分
关系代词 that 人或物 主、宾、表
which 物 主、宾、表
who 人 主、宾、表
whom 人 宾
whose 人或物 定
as 人或物 主、宾、表
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
（3）分类:定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。
2.关系代词与关系副词的选用
定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可以用以下方法判断：
依据 用法
根据从句的谓语动 词 是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；是不
及物动词，则用关系副词。
根据关系词在从句 中所作的成分 若关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，用关系
代词，作状语则用关系副词。
This is the factory where he used to work.
这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。
Is this the museum that/which was built last year 这就是去年建的那家博物馆吗
3.as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
（1）在位置上，as引导的从句可放在主句前、后或中间，而which只能放在主句后。
As the famous militarist once said, attack is the best method of defence.
正如这位著名的军事家曾经所说,进攻是最好的防守。
I often called them gentlemen,which made them giggle.
我经常称他们为绅士， 这让他们咯咯地笑。
（2）在含义上,as有“正如”之意，而which意为“这一点，这件事”。
He changed his mind again,which made us all angry.
他又改变了主意，这使我们都生气了。
4.关系词that和which的选择
（1）宜用that不用which的情况
①当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.
这是我曾吃过的最美味的食物。
②当先行词是all、little、few、much、everything、nothing、none等不定代词或被这些词修饰时。
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已经做了。
③当先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same等修饰时。
This is the very book that I want to buy.
这就是我想买的那本书。
④当先行词既包含人又包含物时。
They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them.
他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的女英雄及她们的事迹。
（2）宜用which不用that的情况
①引导非限制性定语从句时。
Football, which is an interesting game, is very popular all over the world.
足球是一项有趣的运动，在全世界都非常受欢迎。
②“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时。（见后面内容）
This is the house in which Mo Yan once lived.
这就是莫言曾经住过的房子。
（3）当先行词本身就是that时。
That which you told him is what we want to know.
你告诉他的事情就是我们想知道的。
（4）在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句,其中一个的关系代词是that,那么另一个的关系代词应用which。
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.
让我给你看看我从新开的图书馆借来的小说。
5.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which或whom,不可用that或who。先行词指物时用which,指人时用whom。
（1）介词选择的三原则:一先二动三意义。
一先:根据先行词的习惯搭配来确定。
Remember the day on which/when you joined our club
你还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗
二动:根据从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来确定。
This is the house in which/where I lived two years ago.
这是我两年前住过的房子。
三意义:根据从句所表达的意义来确定。
My computer, without which I can't surf the Internet, crashed yesterday.
昨天我的电脑死机了，没有它我上不了网。
（2）“名词/代词/数词+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句，该结构在定语从句中一般作主语。
The building had been repaired, the roof of which was destroyed again in the big fire.
那座大楼已经被修复了，但在这次大火中，楼顶又被烧毁了。
6.定语从句中的主谓一致
（1）关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式根据先行词的形式确定。
I'm fond of the piece of music which is popular with the teenagers.
我喜欢受青少年欢迎的那首曲子。
（2）one of+复数名词+定语从句（复数谓语）;the only one of+复数名词+定语从句（单数谓语）
She was one of the students who were late this morning.她是今早迟到的学生中的一个。
He is the only one of the students that has a good command of French.
他是这些学生中唯一精通法语的。
7.where引导的定语从句与状语从句
句法作用 关系副词:引导定语 从句 从属连词:引导状语
从句
修饰谁 前面的地点名词 主句或主句的谓语动
词
能否替换成“介词+which” 能 不能
位置 主句之后或主句中间 主句之前或主句之后
Is there a shop around where I can blow my bike tyres up （定语从句）
附近有店可以让我给我的自行车车胎打气吗
She found her passport where she lost it.（地点状语从句）
她在丢失护照的地方找到了护照。
Ⅲ.实战演练
单句填空
1. The man with _______ he had a talk yesterday is a doctor.
whom
2. Her parents wouldn't let her marry anyone _______ family was
poor.
whose
3. This is the new bicycle on _______ I spent five hundred dollars.
which
4. Tell me the reason _____ the American lady left in a hurry.
why
5. ____ is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns.
As
6. Do you know the boy _____ was praised at the meeting
who
7. The manager walked toward the gate _______ the workers were
waiting.
where
8. She came around to explain the reason _____ she was absent from
the meeting.
why
9. The only thing _____ she could do was go to the police for help.
that
10. Such reasons ___ we give can persuade him to give up his
foolish plan.
as
语篇填空
There was a time 1.______ I was tired of learning English and
disliked speaking English. And this was the reason 2._____ my father
forced me to take part in a 30-day training course in an English club
before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club,
3._______ I met many strangers,I missed my parents very much. So I
packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately,my guide,
4._______ teacher was Mr. Yu,communicated with me face to face,
when
why
where
whose
from 5._______ I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me
a good partner,and we got along well with each other. Gradually I
adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other
teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.__________ we did. I
should be grateful to my father and the guide, 7._____ encouraged me
to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn
English,into 8._______ I put my entire energies. Every day I read
words and passages aloud. Before going to sleep, I recall the passages
I have learnt,through 9._______ I can memorize a large number of
new words. 10.____ our English teacher says,“As long as you form
the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance,you
will conquer English sooner or later.”
which
that/which
who
which
which
As
词句精讲·夯实基础
1 deserve v.应受，应得，值得
情境佳句
①Emotional and mental problems arising from physical causes deserve our attention.
由生理原因引起的情绪和精神问题值得我们注意。
②Those who are willing to give rather than receive deserve to be respected.
那些乐于给予而非索取的人值得被尊重。
归纳拓展
（1）deserve+n. 值得……；应得……
deserve to do sth.值得/应该做某事
deserve doing=deserve to be done值得被做
deserve attention/consideration/sympathy
值得注意/考虑/同情
deserve blame/punishment应受责备/惩罚
（2）deserve后接v.-ing的主动形式表示被动含义，有此类用法的词语还有need、want（需要）、require、worth等。
学以致用
［单句填空/一句多译］
① We had trained much and prepared well in every detail, so we
deserved _______（win）.
to win
② Poetry of the Tang Dynasty deserves _________________（read）
again and again all the time.
reading/to be read
③ 我认为这个建议值得认真考虑。
→I think the suggestion ___________________________.（deserve+n.）
→I think the suggestion ________________________________.
（deserve+to be done）
→I think the suggestion ___________________________.
（deserve+doing）
deserves careful consideration
deserves to be considered carefully
deserves considering carefully
2 superior adj.质量上乘的，优质的 n.级别（或地位、职位）更高的人
情境佳句
①Helen was chosen for the job because she was far superior to any other candidate.
海伦获选担任此职位，因为她比其他任何候选人都要优秀得多。
②My brother is senior to me by two years.
我哥哥比我年长两岁。
③What did you do prior to coming here
你来这里之前做什么事？
归纳拓展
be superior to比……更好；更胜一筹
be superior in在……方面优越
名师点津
superior本身已含有比较意味，所以没有比较级；另外，在两者作比较时，不能与than连用，而是与介词to连用，类似用法还有：
be senior to sb. （by+时间） 比……年长（几岁）
be junior to比……年幼
be prior to在……之前
学以致用
［单句填空/完成句子］
① To avoid an delay on your trip, please be sure to keep a close
eye on the local requirements prior ___ your flight departure.
to
② 我们比动物高一等这种想法是错误的。
It is wrong to think that _________________________.
we are superior to animals
3 go into debt陷入债务之中，负债
情境佳句
①Avoid luxuries so that you don't go into debt.（教材原句）
杜绝奢侈品，以免你陷入债务之中。
②Some students are heavily/deeply in debt.
一些学生债台高筑。
③He managed to pay off his debts in two years.
他设法在两年内还清了债务。
归纳拓展
get/run into debt （=go into debt） 陷入债务之中，负债（表示动作）
be in debt欠债，负债（表示状态）
get out of debt摆脱债务（表示动作）
be out of debt没有负债（表示状态）
pay off one's debts还清某人的债务
学以致用
［用含有debt的短语填空］
① We were poor but we never ____________________.
went/got/ran into debt
② He did not look forward to being ________ because his restaurant
was no longer popular.
in debt
③ It's hard to ______________ when you are a student.
be out of debt
④ I need to _________________ before I leave the country.
pay off my debts
Thanks