中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高一期末模拟试卷二（适应上海地区）
一、听力题
1．Choose the best answer
A．They should abandon the naughty children.
B．They should punish the naughty children.
C．They shouldn't get involved in the children's fighting.
D．They should just play fair.
【答案】C
2．Choose the best answer
A．He is talking with someone.
B．He is on the phone.
C．He is in the middle of a trip.
D．He is engaged now.
【答案】D
3．Choose the best answer
A．In Room 223. B． In Room 232.
C．In Room 314. D．In Room 340.
【答案】C
4．Choose the best answer
A．She became the club champion though her leg muscles tightened.
B．She lost to the club champion because of her leg muscle pain.
C．She failed to win the club championship for her leg muscle pain.
D．She lost to the match because of proud.
【答案】B
5．Choose the best answer
A．The book reports can be handed in after November 13.
B．November 13 is the deadline for handing in the book reports.
C．The book reports can be handed in any time they are finished.
D．November 13 is the date when the book reports are handed in.
【答案】B
6．Choose the best answer
A．AI technology is amazing.
B．English is easy for him.
C．The English contest is about artificial technology.
D．He's improved his English with the help of hi-tech.
【答案】D
7．Choose the best answer
A．She is an Olympic player.
B．She is excited to win an Olympic Games medal.
C．She will take part in the Olympic Games by volunteering.
D．She is interested in sports.
【答案】C
8．Choose the best answer
A．Pocket money.
B．Having fun.
C．A charity activity.
D．Helping children in poor areas.
【答案】C
9．Choose the best answer
A．He is too demanding.
B．He should run with them.
C．His feeling is the same as hers.
D．He doesn't care for them.
【答案】A
10．Choose the best answer
A． A. He has made progress with the science project.
B．He should be able to finish all three projects in time.
C．He will be spending time with the woman next week.
D．He hasn't been able to finish the science project.
【答案】D
听录音，回答问题。
11．A There were no planets without moons.
A．There was no air or water on Jupiter.
B．Life was not possible in outer space.
C．The mystery of life could not be resolved.
12．
A．It has a number of active volcanoes(火山).
B．It has an atmosphere like the earth's.
C．It has a large ocean under its surface.
D．It has deep caves several miles long.
13．
A．Light is not an essential element to it.
B．Life can form in very hot temperatures.
C．Every form of life undergoes（经历） evolution.
D．Oxygen is not needed for some life forms.
【答案】11．B
12．C
13．A
听录音，回答问题。
14．
A．Visiting his teachers and doing shopping.
B．Collecting his pictures.
C．Buying his flight ticket.
D．Wandering about in the airport building.
15．
A．Shirts. B．Gloves. C．Toys D．A clock.
16．
A．He left his suitcase in the airport building.
B．He didn't want to enjoy the beauty of the evening.
C．He was suspected(怀疑) to be a terrorist and taken to an airline office.
D．He intended to visit more teachers and buy more presents for his father.
【答案】14．A
15．D
16．C
听录音，回答问题。
17．
A．Her story of completing a task.
B．Her experience of being lost.
C．Her trip abroad.
D．Her success in career.
18．
A．Met his friends. B．Attended a lecture.
C．Gave a performance. D．Had a trip.
19．
A．By following a man.
B．By looking at a map.
C．By asking an old woman.
D．By asking the policeman for help.
20．
A．He cannot stand the noise in the bar.
B．He has a poor memory.
C．He doesn't speak German.
D．He doesn't like to wear T-shirts.
【答案】17．B
18．C
19．A
20．C
二、语法填空
After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The dangers of sitting all day are obvious. Researchers have shown that remaining sitting for extended periods of time, like at your 9-to-5 desk job, 21． do harm to your health. Although exercise is a big part of reducing the harmful effects of sitting, it was unclear how many gym periods were needed 22． (help) until now.
A new study, 23． (publish) in The Lancet, shows the ideal formula for reducing the negative effects of a sedentary(久坐的) job. Instead of a fixed number of hours spent exercising, the ratio (比率) depends on how much you sit: people 24． work a typical eight-hour day should spend at least one hour each day moving. If you sit six hours a day, you should spend half an hour exercising. The research also gives the indication 25． the exercise doesn't have to be all once or too strict. It can be spread throughout the day and be as simple as walking.
The team behind the study analyzed data from a pool of a million adults over the age of 45 in Western Europe, the United States and Australia. 26． (use) previous data, the researchers examined data, from 16 published studies and used it to determine how much exercise 27． (require) to compensate for sitting. Their recommended daily exercise goal is 28． (high) than previous advice but not necessarily less achievable, so long as it can be completed throughout the day.
29． (fit) in an hour of exercise a day sounds especially discouraging if you have a desk job, but there are plenty of exercises you can complete before and after work. 30． it means taking a 10-minute walk during lunch, your body will thank you in the long run.
【答案】21．can；22．to help；23．published；24．who；25．that；26．Using；27．is required；28．higher；29．fitting；30．Even if/Even though
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，长时间坐着，比如朝九晚五的办公室工作，会对你的健康有害。虽然运动是减少久坐有害影响的重要组成部分，但直到现在还不清楚需要多长时间的健身房才能起到作用。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及情态动词，非谓语动词，定语从句，同位语从句，时态语态，形容词，状语从句以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
21．句意：研究表明，长时间坐着，比如朝九晚五的办公室工作，会对你的健康有害。后跟动词原形，表示"能、会"应用情态动词can/will。故填can/will。
22．句意：虽然运动是减少久坐有害影响的重要组成部分，但直到现在还不清楚需要多长时间的运动才能起到作用。结合句意"需要多长时间的运动才能起到作用"，此处为不定式作目的状语，故填to help。
23．句意：发表在《柳叶刀》杂志上的一项新研究展示了减少久坐工作负面影响的理想公式。publish与study构成被动关系，应用过去分词，此处作后置定语。故填published。
24．句意：这个比例取决于你坐着的时间，而不是固定的锻炼时间：典型的一天工作8小时的人每天至少应该花一个小时运动。 work a typical eight-hour day 是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people，在从句作主语，指人，故填that/who。
25．句意：这项研究还表明，锻炼不必一次性完成，也不必过于严格。 the exercise doesn't have to be all once or too strict 是同位语从句，说明indication的内容，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故填that。
26．句意：利用之前的数据，研究人员检查了来自16项已发表研究的数据，并利用这些数据来确定需要多少运动来弥补久坐的损失。use与逻辑主语researchers构成主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Using。
27．句意：利用之前的数据，研究人员检查了来自16项已发表研究的数据，并利用这些数据来确定需要多少运动来弥补久坐的损失。此处是谓语动词，与主语构成被动关系，且陈述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为exercise，谓语用单数。故填is required。
28．句意：他们推荐的每日锻炼目标比之前的建议要高，但并不一定不容易实现，只要能在一天中完成就行。根据后文than previous advice可知应用形容词比较级。故填higher。
29．句意：如果你是坐办公室的，那么每天锻炼一小时听起来尤其令人沮丧，但你可以在工作前后做很多锻炼。作句子的主语，表示一般性的行为，应用动名词形式，首字母大写。故填Fitting。
30．句意：即使这意味着在午餐时间散步10分钟，从长远来看，你的身体也会感谢你的。 it means taking a 10-minute walk during lunch 是让步状语从句，表示"即使"应用even if、even though，首字母大写。故填Even if/Even though。
三、选词填空
Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. attacking B. beaten C. bites D. dignity E. diverse F. emotional G. exhibiting H. link I. literature J. strength K. struggles
Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea is the simple story of an old Cuban fisherman who undergoes the most difficult struggle of his life. In the title character, Santiago, Hemingway describes one of the most distinguished examples in American 31． of an individual looking deep within to work up the courage necessary to get through the achievements and sad events that life presents.
Alone on the sea, Santiago continuously 32． to find hope in several seemingly hopeless situations. The old man illustrates Hemingway's ideal of 33． "grace under pressure", as he refuses to give in to the enormous obstacles (障碍) presented by the sea. Relying on memories of his youth, Santiago finds the 34． to physically and emotionally carry on throughout the story.
After catching the great marlin (马林鱼) Santiago realizes he is unable to quickly kill the fish, and it proceeds to pull him farther out to sea. Yet, throughout the battle between man and fish the old man begins to recognize a(n) 35． between him and the marlin, repeatedly referring to it as his brother. Both the old man and the fish are only insignificant among the 36． creatures at sea, joined together by the fact that they are at the mercy of the sea.
The fish, therefore, changes from merely being Santiago's prey (猎物) into a reflection of the old man's 37． and physical state. When the sharks damage the dead marlin hanging off the side of the boat as Santiago struggles to sail home, the old man fights them off as if they were 38． him. Only when the marlin's body has been entirely eaten away does Santiago give up, knowing he "was 39． now finally".
Although the old man seemingly fails once the sharks steal his prize fish, they cannot take away the fact that Santiago has done the unthinkable by staying with and catching a fish "bigger than he had ever heard of". In spite of not successfully bringing the fish back, Santiago fights with 40． —first to catch the marlin, then to protect his fish from the sharks—and in doing so declares his humanity by remaining resilient (坚韧的) in the face of achievements and sad events.
【答案】31．I；32．K；33．G；34．J；35．H；36．E；37．F；38．A；39．B；40．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了海明威的《老人与海》的故事内容和体现出的精神。
【点评】考查选词填空，考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证。
31．句意：海明威笔下的主人公圣地亚哥是美国文学史上最杰出的人物之一，他深刻地审视自己的内心，鼓起必要的勇气，克服生活中的成就和不幸。根据"In the title character, Santiago, Hemingway describes one of the most distinguished examples"以及句意"文学"可知，应填名词literature，作宾语，不可数。故选I。
32．句意：圣地亚哥独自在海上，在几个看似绝望的情况下不断努力寻找希望。根据"to find hope in several seemingly hopeless situations"以及句意"努力"可知，应填动词struggle，根据后文illustrates可知，应用一般现在时，主语为Santiago，谓语用三单形式。故选K。
33．句意：这位老人体现了海明威提出"压力下的优雅"的理想，因为他拒绝向大海带来的巨大障碍屈服。根据"grace under pressure"以及句意"提出"可知，应填动词exhibit，作介词的宾语应用动名词形式。故选G。
34．句意：凭借对年轻时代的回忆，圣地亚哥找到了在身体和情感上继续整个故事的力量。根据"to physically and emotionally carry on throughout the story"以及句意"力量"可知，应填名词strength，作宾语，不可数。故选J。
35．句意：然而，在人与鱼之间的战斗中，老人开始意识到他和马林鱼之间的联系，一再把它称为他的兄弟。根据"between him and the marlin, repeatedly referring to it as his brother"以及句意"联系"可知，应填名词link，作宾语，不定冠词提示，应用单数形式。故选H。
36．句意：老人和鱼在海洋中各种各样的生物中都是微不足道的，因为它们受大海的摆布而联系在一起。根据"Both the old man and the fish are only insignificant among"以及句意"各种各样的"可知，应填形容词diverse，作定语，修饰名词creatures。故选E。
37．句意：因此，这条鱼从仅仅是圣地亚哥的猎物变成了老人情绪和身体状态的反映。根据"and physical state"以及句意"情绪"可知，应填形容词emotional，作定语，修饰名词state。故选F。
38．句意：当圣地亚哥挣扎着航行回家时，鲨鱼伤害了挂在船边的死马林鱼，老人把它们击退了，好像它们在攻击他一样。根据"the old man fights them off as if they were"以及句意"攻击"可知，应填动词attack，根据上文were可知，应用过去进行时。故选A。
39．句意：直到马林鱼的身体完全被吃掉了，圣地亚哥才放弃，因为他知道自己"终于被打败了"。根据"Only when the marlin's body has been entirely eaten away does Santiago give up"以及句意"打败"可知，应填动词beat，结合was可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。
40．句意：尽管没能成功地把鱼带回来，但圣地亚哥还是很有尊严地战斗着——首先是为了抓住马林鱼，然后是为了保护他的鱼不受鲨鱼的伤害——在这样做的过程中，面对成就和悲伤的事件，他仍然保持着坚韧的精神，这表明了他的人性。根据"by remaining resilient in the face of achievements and sad events"以及句意"尊严"可知，应填名词dignity，作宾语，不可数。故选D。
四、完形填空
Cloze
Remains of ancient civilization are places which were designed and built as a lasting tribute (致敬) to some individuals or events. By visiting these 41． monuments, you are sure to be amazed by how 42． the ancient civilization that existed centuries before you was. Some of the facilities which could be dated back hundreds of years ago are still in use today. Besides, you will also 43． at the mysterious stories behind it. The Great Wall, 44． , is probably the best-known monument of China, which consists of a network of walls and towers through which the attack warnings could be received within minutes. 45． then had enough time to prepare. Estimates (估算) of the total length of the monument 46． , depending on which sections are included and how they are measured. One of the 47． mysteries is that, although some of the wall is 48． in special radar images taken by satellites, astronauts have confirmed that the existing wall is not several thousand years old, nor is it, as many people had 49． visible to the human eye form outer space.
Even older than the Great Wall of China is the Great Pyramid (金字塔) of Giza. Over a 20-year period, thousands of workers made the vision become 50． with numerous blocks, each weighing more than two tons. It's still a(n) 51． to modern people how ancient men handled 52． of these giant stones in a time when cars or boats never existed some 4500 years ago. The pyramid served not only as a tomb for King Khufu, but also a place of 53． activity. The number of the God's servants at that time showed the importance of such activities. After Khufu died, his body was carefully treated with various medicines and materials and was wrapped in order to be 54． for long. According to ancient Egyptian belief, the pyramid, where the mummy was placed, provided a place for the king to pass into the afterlife. Then his servants performed rituals (仪式) to bring 55． to the dead king's soul, removing all the unrest and pain from his next life.
41．A．modern B．historic C．official D．commercial
42．A．advanced B．technical C．overlooked D．energetic
43．A．stare B．wonder C．aim D．call
44．A．in addition B．in other words
C．however D．for example
45．A．Mechanics B．Workers C．Astronauts D．Soldiers
46．A．extend B．remain C．vary D．progress
47．A．long-standing B．widely-used
C．carefully-chosen D．clearly-stated
48．A．recognizable B．reasonable C．reliable D．responsible
49．A．proved B．claimed C．threatened D．requested
50．A．reality B．tradition C．mansion D．civilization
51．A．burden B．secret C．solution D．fortune
52．A．finance B．storage C．transportation D．production
53．A．sports B．religious C．fighting D．family
54．A．preserved B．recovered C．buried D．restored
55．A．leadership B．peace C．honour D．inspiration
【答案】41．B；42．A；43．B；44．D；45．D；46．C；47．A；48．A；49．B；50．A；51．B；52．C；53．B；54．A；55．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了象征古代文明的历史遗迹长城和金字塔对的辉煌的建筑和它们背后的故事。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
41．句意：通过参观这些历史古迹，你一定会惊讶于在你之前几个世纪就存在的古代文明是多么先进。A. modern"现代的"；B. historic"历史的"；C. official"官方的"；D. commercial"商业的"。根据上文"Remains of ancient civilization are places which were designed and built as a lasting tribute (致敬) to some individuals or events."可知，这些是历史意义的古迹。故选B。
42．句意：通过参观这些历史古迹，你一定会惊讶于在你之前几个世纪就存在的古代文明是多么先进。A. advanced"高级的，先进的"；B. technical"技术的"；C. overlooked"忽略的"；D. energetic"精力充沛的"。根据下文对长城及金字塔的介绍可知，你会很惊叹这些古代的文明是多么的先进。故选A。
43．句意：此外，你也会对它背后的神秘故事感到惊奇。A. stare"凝望"；B. wonder"感到惊讶"；C. aim"瞄准"；D. call"打电话"。根据空前"also"可知，你也会对这些历史遗迹背后的故事感到惊奇。故选B。
44．句意：例如，长城可能是中国最著名的历史遗迹，它由城墙和塔楼组成的网络，通过这些攻击警报可以在几分钟内收到。A. in addition"此外"；B. in other words"换句话"；C. however"然而"；D. for example"例如"。根据语境可知，此处是在以长城为例子。故选D。
45．句意：士兵们有足够的时间准备。A. Mechanics"技术员"；B. Workers"工人"；C. Astronauts"宇航员"；D. Soldiers"士兵"。根据空前"which the attack warnings could be received within minutes."可知，士兵有时间准备。故选D。
46．句意：对历史遗迹的总长度的估计各不相同，这取决于包括哪些部分以及它们是如何测量的。A. extend"延伸"；B.remain"仍然"；C. vary"不同"；D. progress"进步"。根据空后"depending on which sections are included and how they are measured."可知，估算的历史遗迹的总长度是不同的。故选C。
47．句意：一个长期存在的谜团是，尽管在卫星拍摄的特殊雷达图像中可以辨认出长城的某些部分，但宇航员已经证实，现存的长城并没有几千年的历史，也不像许多人声称的那样，人类肉眼可以从外太空看到它。A. long-standing"长久的，长期存在的"；B. widely-used"广泛使用的"；C. carefully-chosen"仔细挑选的"；D. clearly-stated"明确表达的"。根据语境及常识可知，此处指一个长期存在的谜团。故选A。
48．句意：一个长期存在的谜团是，尽管在卫星拍摄的特殊雷达图像中可以辨认出长城的某些部分，但宇航员已经证实，现存的长城并没有几千年的历史，也不像许多人声称的那样，人类肉眼可以从外太空看到它。A. recognizable"识别出的"；B. reasonable"合理的"；C. reliable"可靠的"；D. responsible"负责的"。根据空后"in special radar images taken by satellites"可知，一些城墙在卫星拍摄的雷达影像是可以识别的。故选A。
49．句意：一个长期存在的谜团是，尽管在卫星拍摄的特殊雷达图像中可以辨认出长城的某些部分，但宇航员已经证实，现存的长城并没有几千年的历史，也不像许多人声称的那样，人类肉眼可以从外太空看到它。A. proved"证明"；B. claimed"声称"；C. threatened"威胁"；D. requested"要求"。根据语境可知，此处指它也不是像很多人声称的那样，用人眼可以看见的。故选B。
50．句意：在20年的时间里，数千名工人用大量的石块将这一愿景变成了现实，每个石块的重量都超过两吨。A. reality"现实"；B. tradition"传统"；C. mansion"大厦，宅第，公馆"；D. civilization"文明"。根据空前"the vision"可知，成千上万的工人使虚拟变成了现实。故选A。
51．句意：在大约4500年前汽车和船只还不存在的时候，古人是如何搬运这些巨石的，这对现代人来说仍然是个秘密。A. burden"负担"；B. secret"秘密"；C. solution"解决方法"；D. fortune"幸运"。古代人是怎么运输这么大的石头的对现代人来说仍然是秘密，故选B。
52．句意：在大约4500年前汽车和船只还不存在的时候，古人是如何搬运这些巨石的，这对现代人来说仍然是个秘密。A. finance"财政"；B. storage"储存"；C. transportation"运输"；D. production"产量"。根据空后"when cars or boats never existed some 4500 years ago."可知，现代人不知道古人是如何搬运这些巨石的。故选C。
53．句意：这座金字塔不仅是胡夫国王的坟墓，也是宗教活动的场所。A. sports"运动"；B. religious"宗教的"；C. fighting"斗争"；D. family"家庭"。根据下文"Then his servants performed rituals (仪式) to bring 15 to the dead king's soul, removing all the unrest and pain from his next life."可知，金字塔不仅是国王的坟墓也是宗教活动的场所。故选B。
54．句意：胡夫死后，他的尸体被精心地用各种药物和材料处理，并被包裹起来，以便长期保存。A. preserved"保留"；B. recovered"恢复"；C. buried"埋葬"；D. restored"修复"。根据空前"his body was carefully treated with various medicines and materials and was wrapped"可知，做这些的目的是为了长时间的保存尸体。故选A。
55．句意：然后，他的仆人们举行仪式，为死去的国王的灵魂带来和平，消除他来世所有的不安和痛苦。A. leadership"领导"；B. peace "和平"；C. honour"荣誉"；D. inspiration"激发"。根据空后"removing all the unrest and pain from his next life."可知，此处是把和平带给去世的国王。故选B。
五、阅读理解
阅读理解
In 2008, a man who lived in Detroit named Jerrold Foke, whom everyone called "Uncle Jerrold", came up with an unusual idea. Foke had realized that for a long time, there had only been 26 letters in the English alphabet. He had referred to another alphabet, called the phonetic alphabet (音标字母表)—which is like an alphabet for sounds—and came across a symbol that aroused his interest. It looks like an upside-down, lowercase "e" (" ") and represents the sound, "uh," like the noise you make when you're confused. It is called the "schwa." Foke thought it might be time for a new letter to be added.
Jerrold had a good reason for wanting to add a new letter to the English alphabet. He thought that if English got a new letter, then people might be able to make new words. He reasoned that if people made new words, they might be able to communicate better.
Jerrold began telling everyone he knew about the schwa. He requested that friends help him make new words using the schwa. People would use the schwa to make an "uh" sound in the word. His friends thought this was a pretty good idea.
Jerrold lived in a hotel in downtown Detroit. Every day, when he went down to the lobby (大厅) someone he knew would tell him a new word he'd made. In an effort to spread the schwa still farther, Jerrold began to spend some of his days standing in Campus Martius Plaza, with a sign that said "Have you heard about the schwa " He liked to share some of the words he and his friends had made, and then invite these people to make their own schwa-based words. Some people did so enthusiastically, while others were more doubtful about the schwa's potential. When people asked Jerrold where the schwa should go in the alphabet, he'd always say, "In the front." When people asked him why, he'd say, "Because that's where it belongs."
Because of Jerrold's work, people were encouraged to make their own words, whether using the schwa or not. His goal of increasing communication between different people remained one that was greatly valued.
56．According to the passage, Jerrold's unusual idea was to ____.
A．develop an interest in language
B．make a confusing noise in public
C．introduce a new word to his friend
D．add a letter to the English alphabet
57．Jerrold encouraged people to use the schwa mainly because ____.
A．it would catch on in England very soon
B．people were reluctant to make new words
C．it might allow people to communicate better
D．there were things for which English had no word
58．Jerrold's work can be described as ____.
A．valueless B．confusing C．inspiring D．unreasonable
【答案】56．D
57．C
58．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Jerrold Foke提出在英语字母表中添加一个字母，来帮助人们更好地交流。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
56．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Jerrold had a good reason for wanting to add a new letter to the English alphabet."杰罗德有一个很好的理由想要在英语字母表中添加一个新字母。可知，杰罗德的不同寻常的想法是在英语字母表中添加一个字母。故选D。
57．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"He reasoned that if people made new words, they might be able to communicate better."他的理由是，如果人们创造新词，他们可能能够更好地交流。可知，杰罗德鼓励人们使用弱读音，主要是因为它可以让人们更好地交流。故选C。
58．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"Because of Jerrold's work, people were encouraged to make their own words, whether using the schwa or not. His goal of increasing communication between different people remained one that was greatly valued."由于Jerrold的工作，人们被鼓励创造自己的单词，不管是否使用弱读音。他的目标是增加不同人群之间的交流，这一目标一直受到人们的高度重视。可知，杰罗德的工作可以说是鼓舞人心的。故选C。
Reading Comprehension
What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first of these is the application of the machines, products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves the structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment.
The second aspect is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.
What are these special methods of thinking and acting First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.
He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. He utilizes the facts he observes to the fullest extent. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.
He is suspicious - he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available - and therefore rejects authority as the only basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively to verify them.
Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.
Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place.
These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.
59．Many people believe that science helps society to progress through____.
A．applied knowledge B．more than one aspect
C．technology only D．the use of machines
60．Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about curiosity
A．It gives the scientist confidence and pleasure in work.
B．It gives rise to interest in problems that are unexplained.
C．It leads to efforts to investigate potential connections.
D．It encourages the scientist to look for new ways of acting.
61．According to the passage, a successful scientist would not____.
A．easily believe in unchecked statements
B．easily criticize others' research work
C．always use his imagination in work
D．always use evidence from observation
62．What does the passage mainly discuss
A．Application of technology.
B．Progress in modern society.
C．Scientists' ways of thinking and acting.
D．How to become a successful scientist.
【答案】59．B
60．D
61．A
62．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讨论了科学家们的思维和行为方式。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
59．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science."然而，许多人认为，我们的进步取决于科学的两个不同方面。可知，许多人认为，我们的进步取决于科学的两个不同方面，换言之，取决于科学的不止一个方面。故选B。
60．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves. "首先，一个成功的科学家似乎充满了好奇心——他想弄清楚宇宙是如何运作的以及为什么运作的。他通常将注意力集中在他注意到没有令人满意的解释的问题上，他的好奇心使他寻找潜在的关系，即使现有的数据似乎没有关联。此外，他认为自己可以改善现有的条件，并乐于尝试解决其中涉及的问题。可知，好奇心使科学家在工作中充满信心和乐趣，引起了人们对无法解释的问题的兴趣，促使人们努力调查潜在的联系，"它鼓励科学家寻找新的行动方式"未提及。故选D。
61．考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available "他不接受没有最完整证据的陈述；以及"Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively to verify them."科学家们总是仔细而客观地检查陈述并进行实验来验证它们。可知，成功的科学家不会轻易相信未经检查的陈述。故选A。
62．考查主旨大意。根据第三段中的"What are these special methods of thinking and acting "这些特殊的思维和行为方式是什么？；以及最后一段"These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts."这些似乎是一位成功的科学家或技术专家思考和行动的一些方式。可知，这篇文章主要讨论科学家们的思维和行为方式。故选C。
Reading Comprehension
Conventional wisdom says that hardship can make us old before our time. In fact, a new study suggests that violence not only leaves long-term scars on children's bodies, but also changes their DNA, causing changes that are equal to seven to ten years of premature aging.
Scientists measured this by studying the ends of children's chromosomes(染色体), called telomeres, says Idan Shalev, lead author of a study published in Molecular Psychiatry.
Telomeres are special DNA sequences which prevent the DNA in chromosomes from separating. They get shorter each time a cell divides, until a cell cannot divide any more and dies.
Several factors have been found to shorten telomeres, including smoking, radiation and psychological stresses such as being treated badly when young and taking care of a chronically ill person.
In this study, researchers examined whether exposure to violence could make children's telomeres shorten faster than normal. They interviewed the mothers of 236 children at ages 5, 7 and 10, asking whether the youngsters had been exposed to domestic violence between the mother and her partner; physical maltreatment by an adult; or bullying. Researchers measured the children's telomeres—in cells obtained by swabbing the insides of their cheeks—at ages 5 and 10.
Telomeres shortened faster in kids exposed to two or more types of violence, says Shalev. Unless that pattern changes, the study suggests, these kids could be expected to develop diseases of aging, such as heart attacks or memory loss, seven to 10 years earlier than their peers.
Shalev says there is hope for these kids. His study found that, in rare cases, telomeres can lengthen. Better nutrition, exercise and stress reduction are three things that may be able to lengthen telomeres, he says.
The study confirms a small but growing number of studies suggesting that early childhood adversity imprints itself in our chromosomes, says Charles Nelson, a professor of pediatrics and neuroscience at Harvard Medical School.
63．The new study found that ____.
A．hardship can change a child's aging
B．violence leaves scars on a child's mind
C．violence can speed up a child's aging
D．hardship has a long term effect on a child's mind
64．According to the text, telomeres ____.
A．are at the ends of people's chromosomes
B．can help prevent DNA from separating
C．can make a cell die quickly
D．become shorter before they die
65．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text
A．Violence can cause quick cell division in children's body.
B．Researchers measured the children's telomeres from their legs in the study.
C．Being treated badly will make a child's telomeres shorten faster.
D．Children who have shorter telomeres may have a heart attack earlier.
66．What is the best title for the text
A．Violence Aging Children's DNA B．Children's Changing DNA Patterns
C．Violence and Telomeres D．The Function of Telomeres
【答案】63．C
64．B
65．D
66．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的研究表明暴力不仅会在孩子的身体上留下长期的伤疤，还会改变他们的DNA，导致早衰的变化。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
63．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"In fact, a new study suggests that violence not only leaves long-term scars on children's bodies, but also changes their DNA, causing changes that are equal to seven to ten years of premature aging. "事实上，一项新的研究表明，暴力不仅会在孩子的身体上留下长期的伤疤，还会改变他们的DNA，导致相当于7到10年早衰的变化。可知研究表明，暴力不仅可以影响孩子的身体，也能改变他们的DNA，也能导致改变同期年龄的老化。故选C。
64．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Telomeres are special DNA sequences which prevent the DNA in chromosomes from separating. "端粒是一种特殊的DNA序列，它可以防止染色体中的DNA分离。可知端粒是DNA的序列，可以阻止染色体中的DNA分裂；结合第二段中"Scientists measured this by studying the ends of children's chromosomes (染色体) "科学家们通过研究孩子们的染色体的末端来检测，可知A错误；再根据第三段中的"They get shorter each time a cell divides, until a cell cannot divide any more and dies. "每次一个细胞分化就会变得更短，直到细胞不能再次分化并死亡。"可知C、D错误。故选B。
65．考查细节理解。根据第六段中的"the study suggests, these kids could be expected to develop diseases of aging, such as heart attacks or memory loss, seven to 10 years earlier than their peers. "研究建议，这些孩子希望可以改善年龄老化的疾病，例如心脏病或者失忆，比同龄的人要早7到10年。故选D。
66．考查主旨大意，纵观全文可知，本文描述了主要说明暴力会加速DNA中端粒的变短而让孩子们提前衰老，"暴力使儿童的DNA老化"很好地概括了文章主旨，适合做文章的标题，故选A。
六、任务型阅读
Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. Therefore, the teachers we worked with remarked that lessons are typically focused on the physical processes of climate change. B. However, at present, much of climate change education is focused on the physical aspects of climate change, often at a global scale. C. The next stages of our research will reflect how a separated community has come together through this journey towards climate literacy. D. Being climate literate allows individuals to become active participants in the fight against climate change. E. This collective psychological distancing means many fail to recognise the urgency of the climate crisis.
How to Improve Climate Literacy
Climate literacy is the ability to identify, understand and explain information associated with climate science. 67．
Over the past few years, many young people and educators have pushed for the inclusion of climate literacy in national curricula. So what are the best ways in which this can be embedded within already packed school timetables
True climate literacy must address not only the science of climate change, but also issues of climate (in)justice, including how climate change affects people and places unevenly and contributes to inequalities within and across nations.
68． Many people in developed countries like the UK therefore see climate change happening elsewhere and to other people, with less relevance to their own lives.
69． We need to start highlighting the local effects of climate change to ground abstract understanding in reality.
One way to do this is through visual storytelling. Storytelling, often involving drawings and paintings, has been used by human communities to pass on knowledge or tales of caution for at least 30,000 years — as you can see from the cave painting.
One effect of storytelling is its ability to create cognitive dissonance: the mental conflict and discomfort felt when a person's behaviour isn't in line with their beliefs. Stories that demonstrate the consequences of not acting eco-consciously — especially if those consequences are shown visually — can be a good way to do this, leading to individuals being more likely to take climate action in their own lives or by confronting corporate activities.
【答案】67．D；68．B；69．E
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何提高气候素养。
【点评】考查五选三，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
67．根据空前"Climate literacy is the ability to identify, understand and explain information associated with climate science." 气候素养是识别、理解和解释与气候科学相关信息的能力。提出气候素养的定义；以及空后"Over the past few years, many young people and educators have pushed for the inclusion of climate literacy in national curricula."在过去几年中，许多年轻人和教育工作者一直在推动将气候素养纳入国家课程。提出要将气候素养纳入国家课程，这说明了气候素养非常重要，空处应该解释具备气候素养的好处。 D. Being climate literate allows individuals to become active participants in the fight against climate change. "具备气候知识使个人能够积极参与应对气候变化的斗争。"符合语境。故选D。
68．根据空前"True climate literacy must address not only the science of climate change, but also issues of climate (in)justice, including how climate change affects people and places unevenly and contributes to inequalities within and across nations."真正的气候素养不仅必须涉及气候变化科学，还必须涉及气候正义问题，包括气候变化如何不平衡地影响人和地方，并导致国家内部和国家之间的不平等；以及空后"Many people in developed countries like the UK therefore see climate change happening elsewhere and to other people, with less relevance to their own lives."像英国这样的发达国家的许多人因此认为气候变化发生在其他地方和其他人身上，与他们自己的生活无关。可知，目前的气候变化教育有局限性，并没有涵盖真正的气候素养，空处和上文形成转折关系。B. However, at present, much of climate change education is focused on the physical aspects of climate change, often at a global scale."然而，目前，气候变化教育的大部分都集中在气候变化的物理方面，通常是在全球范围内。"符合语境。故选B。
69．根据空前"Many people in developed countries like the UK therefore see climate change happening elsewhere and to other people, with less relevance to their own lives."像英国这样的发达国家的许多人因此认为气候变化发生在其他地方和其他人身上，与他们自己的生活无关；以及空后"We need to start highlighting the local effects of climate change to ground abstract understanding in reality."我们需要开始强调气候变化的局部影响，以便在现实中建立抽象的理解。可知，上文举例说明很多人觉得气候变化与自己无关，因此未能感觉到气候危机的紧迫性，下文提出了具体的解决方案，由此可知，空处指出人们对气候变化的理解存在问题。E. This collective psychological distancing means many fail to recognise the urgency of the climate crisis."这种集体心理疏离意味着许多人未能认识到气候危机的紧迫性。"符合语境。故选E。
七、概要写作
70． Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external (外在的) result or a product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a rise, the student whose grades improve, and the foreigner who learns a new language--all these examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts．
By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they meet with new experiences and unexpected difficulties. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept．
In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to face the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may "fail" at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential for our ability to grow．Do we see ourselves as quick and curious If so, we tend to take more changes and be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we're shy and indecisive Then our sense of fear can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we are slow to adapt to change or that we're not smart enough to deal with a new challenge Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.
These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not face or overcome these internal fears and doubt, if we protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making．
【答案】How do we see someone's growth We have two basic ways to see: the product and the process. Generally, people viewed personal growth as an external result or a product that can easily be identified and measured. However, the process of personal growth is not easy to judge, since it is a progress and there is not a specific reflection on it. In the process, it is a long road that never really ends, we need to overcome those feelings of insecurity and self-doubt along the way. There are always new things to experience, new ideas to try and new challenges to face. If we do not face or overcome these internal fears and doubt or protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing.
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇概要写作。写作步骤：
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章介绍了看待增长有两种基本方式：一种是产品，另一种是过程。然而，个人成长的过程是不容易判断的，因为它是一个进步，没有一个具体的反映，在这个过程中，这是一条永远不会结束的漫长道路，我们需要克服沿途的不安全感和自我怀疑感。如果我们不面对或克服这些内心的恐惧和怀疑，或者过多地保护自己，那么我们就会停止成长。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如： Generally, people viewed personal growth as an external result or a product that can easily be identified and measured.运用了限制性定语从句； However, the process of personal growth is not easy to judge, since it is a progress and there is not a specific reflection on it.运用了原因状语从句；There are always new things to experience, new ideas to try and new challenges to face. 运用了there be句式；If we do not face or overcome these internal fears and doubt or protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing.运用了条件状语从句。
八、翻译
71． 她将课堂笔记分类整理得井井有条，令人印象深刻。(which)
【答案】She sorted classified her class notes in a well-organized way, which was impressive.
【解析】【分析】"她"为she，在句中作主语；"将课堂笔记分类"翻译为 sort/classify her class notes；"整理得井井有条"翻译为in a well-organized way；指代前面的一件事，用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句。"令人印象深刻"用形容词 impressive。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故答案为She sorted/classified her class notes in a well-organized way, which was impressive.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时和非限制性定语从句。
23． 为了健康，爷爷坚持早起慢跑。(jog)
【答案】For the sake of health/In order to keep healthy, grandfather/grandpa sticks to keeps getting up early to jog to go jogging to go for a jog.
【解析】【分析】表示"为了健康"短语为for the sake of health/in order to keep healthy；主语为grandfather或grandpa，表示"坚持做某事"短语为stick to/keep doing sth.；表示"早起慢跑"短语为get up early to jog/ to go jogging/to go for a jog；为一般现在时。故答案为For the sake of health/In order to keep healthy, grandfather/grandpa sticks to/keeps getting up early to jog/ to go jogging/to go for a jog.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般现在时，主谓一致以及固定短语for the sake of/in order to和stick to/keep doing sth.
73． 正是先进的科技才使得外科医生能为患者进行远程手术，这挽救了许多人的生命。(It)
【答案】It is because of the advanced science and technology that the surgeons can operate on patients remotely, which saves many people's lives.
【解析】【分析】根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，为一般现在时，"the surgeons"表示"外科医生"，"operate on patients"表示"为患者进行手术"，"remotely"，意为"远程地"，副词词性作状语，"because of"意为"因为"，"the advanced science and technology"表示"先进的科技"，句子强调的是"because of the advanced science and technology"部分，为强调句，句式为"It is+被强调部分+that+句子其他部分"，"It is because of the advanced science and technology that the surgeons can operate on patients remotely"表示"正是先进的科技才使得外科医生能为患者进行远程手术"，句子应用非限制性定语从句，先行词为"正是先进的科技才使得外科医生能为患者进行远程手术"这件事，关系词在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词"which"引导从句，"saves"表示"挽救了"，"many people's lives"表示"许多人的生命"。故答案为It is because of the advanced science and technology that the surgeons can operate on patients remotely, which saves many people's lives.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般现在时，一般现在时、强调句、定语从句。
74． 经常锻炼不仅能帮我们保持积极性，而且能使我们容易控制体重。（basis）
【答案】Exercising on a regular basis can not only help us keep motivated, but also make it easier for us to control weight.
【解析】【分析】结合句意表示"经常锻炼"可知应用动名词短语Exercising on a regular basis，作主语；表示"不仅……而且……"短语为not only…but also…；表示"帮我们保持积极性"短语为help us keep motivated，can后跟动词原形；"使得做某事……"可用make it+adj.for sb. to do sth.，因此表示"使我们容易控制体重"为make it easier for us to control weight，it作形式宾语，不定式短语为真正的宾语。故答案为Exercising on a regular basis can not only help us keep motivated, but also make it easier for us to control weight.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般现在时，动名词短语作主语，以及固定句式用make it+adj.for sb. to do sth.。
九书面表达
75． Directions: Write an English composition in about 100 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是启明中学高一学生李明。临近期末，你的英语老师正在设计暑假作业，现征求学生意见。请写一封电子邮件给老师，内容须包含：
1. 不同形式与内容的作业建议2-3条；
2. 给出你的理由。
（文章中请不要出现真实的校名和姓名）
【答案】暂未更新
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以启明中学高一学生李明的身份写一封电子邮件给老师。写作背景：临近期末，你的英语老师正在设计暑假作业，现征求学生意见。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括： 1. 不同形式与内容的作业建议2-3条；2. 给出你的理由。 考生需要根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），并结合提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。最后连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点评】本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高一期末模拟试卷二（适应上海地区）
一、听力题
1．Choose the best answer
A．They should abandon the naughty children.
B．They should punish the naughty children.
C．They shouldn't get involved in the children's fighting.
D．They should just play fair.
2．Choose the best answer
A．He is talking with someone.
B．He is on the phone.
C．He is in the middle of a trip.
D．He is engaged now.
3．Choose the best answer
A．In Room 223. B． In Room 232.
C．In Room 314. D．In Room 340.
4．Choose the best answer
A．She became the club champion though her leg muscles tightened.
B．She lost to the club champion because of her leg muscle pain.
C．She failed to win the club championship for her leg muscle pain.
D．She lost to the match because of proud.
5．Choose the best answer
A．The book reports can be handed in after November 13.
B．November 13 is the deadline for handing in the book reports.
C．The book reports can be handed in any time they are finished.
D．November 13 is the date when the book reports are handed in.
6．Choose the best answer
A．AI technology is amazing.
B．English is easy for him.
C．The English contest is about artificial technology.
D．He's improved his English with the help of hi-tech.
7．Choose the best answer
A．She is an Olympic player.
B．She is excited to win an Olympic Games medal.
C．She will take part in the Olympic Games by volunteering.
D．She is interested in sports.
8．Choose the best answer
A．Pocket money.
B．Having fun.
C．A charity activity.
D．Helping children in poor areas.
9．Choose the best answer
A．He is too demanding.
B．He should run with them.
C．His feeling is the same as hers.
D．He doesn't care for them.
10．Choose the best answer
A． A. He has made progress with the science project.
B．He should be able to finish all three projects in time.
C．He will be spending time with the woman next week.
D．He hasn't been able to finish the science project.
听录音，回答问题。
11．A There were no planets without moons.
A．There was no air or water on Jupiter.
B．Life was not possible in outer space.
C．The mystery of life could not be resolved.
12．
A．It has a number of active volcanoes(火山).
B．It has an atmosphere like the earth's.
C．It has a large ocean under its surface.
D．It has deep caves several miles long.
13．
A．Light is not an essential element to it.
B．Life can form in very hot temperatures.
C．Every form of life undergoes（经历） evolution.
D．Oxygen is not needed for some life forms.
听录音，回答问题。
14．
A．Visiting his teachers and doing shopping.
B．Collecting his pictures.
C．Buying his flight ticket.
D．Wandering about in the airport building.
15．
A．Shirts. B．Gloves. C．Toys D．A clock.
16．
A．He left his suitcase in the airport building.
B．He didn't want to enjoy the beauty of the evening.
C．He was suspected(怀疑) to be a terrorist and taken to an airline office.
D．He intended to visit more teachers and buy more presents for his father.
听录音，回答问题。
17．
A．Her story of completing a task.
B．Her experience of being lost.
C．Her trip abroad.
D．Her success in career.
18．
A．Met his friends. B．Attended a lecture.
C．Gave a performance. D．Had a trip.
19．
A．By following a man.
B．By looking at a map.
C．By asking an old woman.
D．By asking the policeman for help.
20．
A．He cannot stand the noise in the bar.
B．He has a poor memory.
C．He doesn't speak German.
D．He doesn't like to wear T-shirts.
二、语法填空
After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The dangers of sitting all day are obvious. Researchers have shown that remaining sitting for extended periods of time, like at your 9-to-5 desk job, 21． do harm to your health. Although exercise is a big part of reducing the harmful effects of sitting, it was unclear how many gym periods were needed 22． (help) until now.
A new study, 23． (publish) in The Lancet, shows the ideal formula for reducing the negative effects of a sedentary(久坐的) job. Instead of a fixed number of hours spent exercising, the ratio (比率) depends on how much you sit: people 24． work a typical eight-hour day should spend at least one hour each day moving. If you sit six hours a day, you should spend half an hour exercising. The research also gives the indication 25． the exercise doesn't have to be all once or too strict. It can be spread throughout the day and be as simple as walking.
The team behind the study analyzed data from a pool of a million adults over the age of 45 in Western Europe, the United States and Australia. 26． (use) previous data, the researchers examined data, from 16 published studies and used it to determine how much exercise 27． (require) to compensate for sitting. Their recommended daily exercise goal is 28． (high) than previous advice but not necessarily less achievable, so long as it can be completed throughout the day.
29． (fit) in an hour of exercise a day sounds especially discouraging if you have a desk job, but there are plenty of exercises you can complete before and after work. 30． it means taking a 10-minute walk during lunch, your body will thank you in the long run.
三、选词填空
Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. attacking B. beaten C. bites D. dignity E. diverse F. emotional G. exhibiting H. link I. literature J. strength K. struggles
Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea is the simple story of an old Cuban fisherman who undergoes the most difficult struggle of his life. In the title character, Santiago, Hemingway describes one of the most distinguished examples in American 31． of an individual looking deep within to work up the courage necessary to get through the achievements and sad events that life presents.
Alone on the sea, Santiago continuously 32． to find hope in several seemingly hopeless situations. The old man illustrates Hemingway's ideal of 33． "grace under pressure", as he refuses to give in to the enormous obstacles (障碍) presented by the sea. Relying on memories of his youth, Santiago finds the 34． to physically and emotionally carry on throughout the story.
After catching the great marlin (马林鱼) Santiago realizes he is unable to quickly kill the fish, and it proceeds to pull him farther out to sea. Yet, throughout the battle between man and fish the old man begins to recognize a(n) 35． between him and the marlin, repeatedly referring to it as his brother. Both the old man and the fish are only insignificant among the 36． creatures at sea, joined together by the fact that they are at the mercy of the sea.
The fish, therefore, changes from merely being Santiago's prey (猎物) into a reflection of the old man's 37． and physical state. When the sharks damage the dead marlin hanging off the side of the boat as Santiago struggles to sail home, the old man fights them off as if they were 38． him. Only when the marlin's body has been entirely eaten away does Santiago give up, knowing he "was 39． now finally".
Although the old man seemingly fails once the sharks steal his prize fish, they cannot take away the fact that Santiago has done the unthinkable by staying with and catching a fish "bigger than he had ever heard of". In spite of not successfully bringing the fish back, Santiago fights with 40． —first to catch the marlin, then to protect his fish from the sharks—and in doing so declares his humanity by remaining resilient (坚韧的) in the face of achievements and sad events.
四、完形填空
Cloze
Remains of ancient civilization are places which were designed and built as a lasting tribute (致敬) to some individuals or events. By visiting these 41． monuments, you are sure to be amazed by how 42． the ancient civilization that existed centuries before you was. Some of the facilities which could be dated back hundreds of years ago are still in use today. Besides, you will also 43． at the mysterious stories behind it. The Great Wall, 44． , is probably the best-known monument of China, which consists of a network of walls and towers through which the attack warnings could be received within minutes. 45． then had enough time to prepare. Estimates (估算) of the total length of the monument 46． , depending on which sections are included and how they are measured. One of the 47． mysteries is that, although some of the wall is 48． in special radar images taken by satellites, astronauts have confirmed that the existing wall is not several thousand years old, nor is it, as many people had 49． visible to the human eye form outer space.
Even older than the Great Wall of China is the Great Pyramid (金字塔) of Giza. Over a 20-year period, thousands of workers made the vision become 50． with numerous blocks, each weighing more than two tons. It's still a(n) 51． to modern people how ancient men handled 52． of these giant stones in a time when cars or boats never existed some 4500 years ago. The pyramid served not only as a tomb for King Khufu, but also a place of 53． activity. The number of the God's servants at that time showed the importance of such activities. After Khufu died, his body was carefully treated with various medicines and materials and was wrapped in order to be 54． for long. According to ancient Egyptian belief, the pyramid, where the mummy was placed, provided a place for the king to pass into the afterlife. Then his servants performed rituals (仪式) to bring 55． to the dead king's soul, removing all the unrest and pain from his next life.
41．A．modern B．historic C．official D．commercial
42．A．advanced B．technical C．overlooked D．energetic
43．A．stare B．wonder C．aim D．call
44．A．in addition B．in other words
C．however D．for example
45．A．Mechanics B．Workers C．Astronauts D．Soldiers
46．A．extend B．remain C．vary D．progress
47．A．long-standing B．widely-used
C．carefully-chosen D．clearly-stated
48．A．recognizable B．reasonable C．reliable D．responsible
49．A．proved B．claimed C．threatened D．requested
50．A．reality B．tradition C．mansion D．civilization
51．A．burden B．secret C．solution D．fortune
52．A．finance B．storage C．transportation D．production
53．A．sports B．religious C．fighting D．family
54．A．preserved B．recovered C．buried D．restored
55．A．leadership B．peace C．honour D．inspiration
五、阅读理解
A
In 2008, a man who lived in Detroit named Jerrold Foke, whom everyone called "Uncle Jerrold", came up with an unusual idea. Foke had realized that for a long time, there had only been 26 letters in the English alphabet. He had referred to another alphabet, called the phonetic alphabet (音标字母表)—which is like an alphabet for sounds—and came across a symbol that aroused his interest. It looks like an upside-down, lowercase "e" (" ") and represents the sound, "uh," like the noise you make when you're confused. It is called the "schwa." Foke thought it might be time for a new letter to be added.
Jerrold had a good reason for wanting to add a new letter to the English alphabet. He thought that if English got a new letter, then people might be able to make new words. He reasoned that if people made new words, they might be able to communicate better.
Jerrold began telling everyone he knew about the schwa. He requested that friends help him make new words using the schwa. People would use the schwa to make an "uh" sound in the word. His friends thought this was a pretty good idea.
Jerrold lived in a hotel in downtown Detroit. Every day, when he went down to the lobby (大厅) someone he knew would tell him a new word he'd made. In an effort to spread the schwa still farther, Jerrold began to spend some of his days standing in Campus Martius Plaza, with a sign that said "Have you heard about the schwa " He liked to share some of the words he and his friends had made, and then invite these people to make their own schwa-based words. Some people did so enthusiastically, while others were more doubtful about the schwa's potential. When people asked Jerrold where the schwa should go in the alphabet, he'd always say, "In the front." When people asked him why, he'd say, "Because that's where it belongs."
Because of Jerrold's work, people were encouraged to make their own words, whether using the schwa or not. His goal of increasing communication between different people remained one that was greatly valued.
56．According to the passage, Jerrold's unusual idea was to ____.
A．develop an interest in language
B．make a confusing noise in public
C．introduce a new word to his friend
D．add a letter to the English alphabet
57．Jerrold encouraged people to use the schwa mainly because ____.
A．it would catch on in England very soon
B．people were reluctant to make new words
C．it might allow people to communicate better
D．there were things for which English had no word
58．Jerrold's work can be described as ____.
A．valueless B．confusing C．inspiring D．unreasonable
B
What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first of these is the application of the machines, products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves the structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment.
The second aspect is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.
What are these special methods of thinking and acting First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.
He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. He utilizes the facts he observes to the fullest extent. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.
He is suspicious - he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available - and therefore rejects authority as the only basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively to verify them.
Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.
Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place.
These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.
59．Many people believe that science helps society to progress through____.
A．applied knowledge B．more than one aspect
C．technology only D．the use of machines
60．Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about curiosity
A．It gives the scientist confidence and pleasure in work.
B．It gives rise to interest in problems that are unexplained.
C．It leads to efforts to investigate potential connections.
D．It encourages the scientist to look for new ways of acting.
61．According to the passage, a successful scientist would not____.
A．easily believe in unchecked statements
B．easily criticize others' research work
C．always use his imagination in work
D．always use evidence from observation
62．What does the passage mainly discuss
A．Application of technology.
B．Progress in modern society.
C．Scientists' ways of thinking and acting.
D．How to become a successful scientist.
C
Conventional wisdom says that hardship can make us old before our time. In fact, a new study suggests that violence not only leaves long-term scars on children's bodies, but also changes their DNA, causing changes that are equal to seven to ten years of premature aging.
Scientists measured this by studying the ends of children's chromosomes(染色体), called telomeres, says Idan Shalev, lead author of a study published in Molecular Psychiatry.
Telomeres are special DNA sequences which prevent the DNA in chromosomes from separating. They get shorter each time a cell divides, until a cell cannot divide any more and dies.
Several factors have been found to shorten telomeres, including smoking, radiation and psychological stresses such as being treated badly when young and taking care of a chronically ill person.
In this study, researchers examined whether exposure to violence could make children's telomeres shorten faster than normal. They interviewed the mothers of 236 children at ages 5, 7 and 10, asking whether the youngsters had been exposed to domestic violence between the mother and her partner; physical maltreatment by an adult; or bullying. Researchers measured the children's telomeres—in cells obtained by swabbing the insides of their cheeks—at ages 5 and 10.
Telomeres shortened faster in kids exposed to two or more types of violence, says Shalev. Unless that pattern changes, the study suggests, these kids could be expected to develop diseases of aging, such as heart attacks or memory loss, seven to 10 years earlier than their peers.
Shalev says there is hope for these kids. His study found that, in rare cases, telomeres can lengthen. Better nutrition, exercise and stress reduction are three things that may be able to lengthen telomeres, he says.
The study confirms a small but growing number of studies suggesting that early childhood adversity imprints itself in our chromosomes, says Charles Nelson, a professor of pediatrics and neuroscience at Harvard Medical School.
63．The new study found that ____.
A．hardship can change a child's aging
B．violence leaves scars on a child's mind
C．violence can speed up a child's aging
D．hardship has a long term effect on a child's mind
64．According to the text, telomeres ____.
A．are at the ends of people's chromosomes
B．can help prevent DNA from separating
C．can make a cell die quickly
D．become shorter before they die
65．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text
A．Violence can cause quick cell division in children's body.
B．Researchers measured the children's telomeres from their legs in the study.
C．Being treated badly will make a child's telomeres shorten faster.
D．Children who have shorter telomeres may have a heart attack earlier.
66．What is the best title for the text
A．Violence Aging Children's DNA B．Children's Changing DNA Patterns
C．Violence and Telomeres D．The Function of Telomeres
六、任务型阅读
Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. Therefore, the teachers we worked with remarked that lessons are typically focused on the physical processes of climate change. B. However, at present, much of climate change education is focused on the physical aspects of climate change, often at a global scale. C. The next stages of our research will reflect how a separated community has come together through this journey towards climate literacy. D. Being climate literate allows individuals to become active participants in the fight against climate change. E. This collective psychological distancing means many fail to recognise the urgency of the climate crisis.
How to Improve Climate Literacy
Climate literacy is the ability to identify, understand and explain information associated with climate science. 67．
Over the past few years, many young people and educators have pushed for the inclusion of climate literacy in national curricula. So what are the best ways in which this can be embedded within already packed school timetables
True climate literacy must address not only the science of climate change, but also issues of climate (in)justice, including how climate change affects people and places unevenly and contributes to inequalities within and across nations.
68． Many people in developed countries like the UK therefore see climate change happening elsewhere and to other people, with less relevance to their own lives.
69． We need to start highlighting the local effects of climate change to ground abstract understanding in reality.
One way to do this is through visual storytelling. Storytelling, often involving drawings and paintings, has been used by human communities to pass on knowledge or tales of caution for at least 30,000 years — as you can see from the cave painting.
One effect of storytelling is its ability to create cognitive dissonance: the mental conflict and discomfort felt when a person's behaviour isn't in line with their beliefs. Stories that demonstrate the consequences of not acting eco-consciously — especially if those consequences are shown visually — can be a good way to do this, leading to individuals being more likely to take climate action in their own lives or by confronting corporate activities.
七、概要写作
70． Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external (外在的) result or a product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a rise, the student whose grades improve, and the foreigner who learns a new language--all these examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts．
By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they meet with new experiences and unexpected difficulties. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept．
In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to face the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may "fail" at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential for our ability to grow．Do we see ourselves as quick and curious If so, we tend to take more changes and be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we're shy and indecisive Then our sense of fear can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we are slow to adapt to change or that we're not smart enough to deal with a new challenge Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.
These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not face or overcome these internal fears and doubt, if we protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making．
八、翻译
71． 她将课堂笔记分类整理得井井有条，令人印象深刻。(which)
72． 为了健康，爷爷坚持早起慢跑。(jog)
73． 正是先进的科技才使得外科医生能为患者进行远程手术，这挽救了许多人的生命。(It)
74． 经常锻炼不仅能帮我们保持积极性，而且能使我们容易控制体重。（basis）
九书面表达
75． Directions: Write an English composition in about 100 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是启明中学高一学生李明。临近期末，你的英语老师正在设计暑假作业，现征求学生意见。请写一封电子邮件给老师，内容须包含：
1. 不同形式与内容的作业建议2-3条；
2. 给出你的理由。
（文章中请不要出现真实的校名和姓名）
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